CN113113279B - Cosine grid loading sine-like waveguide slow wave structure - Google Patents
Cosine grid loading sine-like waveguide slow wave structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cosine grid loading sine-like waveguide slow wave structure, which is characterized in that on the basis of the existing flat-top sine waveguide slow wave structure, a truncated part is in cosine fluctuation with a period in the broadside direction to form a cosine grid, namely, the cosine grid is loaded between an upper wave trough and a lower wave crest of a sine waveguide. Through tests, the cosine grid loading sine-like waveguide slow wave structure has a higher coupling impedance value, an electromagnetic field is more concentrated in the central area of an electron beam channel, the space on two sides of the electron beam channel is larger, the magnetic field can be effectively reduced during the wave injection interaction of a traveling wave tube, and meanwhile, the high-frequency transmission characteristic is greatly improved, which means that the interaction capacity of the electron beam and the electromagnetic wave is increased, so that the output power, the gain and the interaction efficiency of the traveling wave tube are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum electronics, and particularly relates to a cosine grid loading sine-like waveguide slow wave structure.
Background
The development of electromagnetic spectrum resources in the terahertz frequency band is one of the leading research directions in the electronic science and technology field today. The electromagnetic wave in the terahertz frequency band has important research value and wide application prospect in scientific research, communication equipment, national economy and other fields. Vacuum electronic devices are a very promising device for the realization of high-power terahertz wave radiation sources. The traveling wave tube and the return wave tube are millimeter wave and terahertz radiation sources which are widely applied to vacuum electronic devices, wherein the traveling wave tube is the most widely applied device in the aspects of military equipment, satellite communication and the like, and has the advantages of wide working bandwidth, high electronic efficiency, relatively large output power and the like. The slow wave structure is used as a core component of the traveling wave tube, and directly determines the device performance of the traveling wave tube.
At present, slow wave structures mainly researched in terahertz waveband traveling wave tubes are structures such as a folded waveguide, a rectangular staggered double gate and a coupling cavity. Due to the fact that the working wavelength of the terahertz waveband is short, the structure size of the slow wave structure is small due to the fact that the structure size is shared, and therefore machining difficulty is high and machining precision is low.
As shown in fig. 1, chinese patent publication No. CN105869971B issued on 21.11.2017 discloses "a flat-top type slow wave structure of sinusoidal waveguide", wherein on the basis of the slow wave structure of sinusoidal waveguide, the dimension b of the narrow side is properly compressed, and the compressed dimension is equal to the height of the truncated part of the periodic band-shaped fluctuation of the upper and lower sinusoidal lines, so that the dimensional parameters satisfy: b<hb+2h, wherein hbIs the height of the strip electron beam channel, and h is the height of the sine line periodic strip fluctuation. Tests prove that the flat-top sine waveguide slow wave structure has a higher coupling impedance value, and meanwhile, the dispersion characteristic is improved, so that the defects that the traditional coupling impedance is improved and the dispersion characteristic is reduced are overcome, that is, the interaction capacity of electron beams and electromagnetic waves is increased, and the output power, the gain and the interaction efficiency of a traveling wave tube are further improved.
The conventional sine waveguide high-frequency system can have very small reflection and very low high-frequency loss by connecting a section of uniformly-graded signal input and output couplers matched with the section of the high-frequency system. However, the electric field intensity of the structure in the transmission direction of the electromagnetic wave is relatively weak, so that the coupling impedance is small, and the defects of low output power, low interaction efficiency, low gain, long saturation interaction length and the like of the sine waveguide traveling wave tube are caused. Therefore, the development of a new slow wave structure with higher coupling impedance and low high-frequency loss has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a cosine grid loading sine-like waveguide slow wave structure to improve the coupling impedance and the high-frequency loss characteristic of the sine-like waveguide slow wave structure, so that the output power, the gain and the interaction efficiency of a traveling wave tube are improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the cosine gate loaded sine-like waveguide slow wave structure of the present invention comprises:
the sine waveguide is provided with a wide edge length of a, a narrow edge length of b, sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation taking the wide edge as the center to fluctuate vertically (in the transmission direction), the height of the sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation is h, the period length of the sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation is p, and the width of the sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation is a;
a strip electron beam channel is arranged between the upper sine line periodic strip fluctuation and the lower sine line periodic strip fluctuation, and the width of the strip electron beam channel is the width length a of the sine wave guide;
the upper and lower sine line periodic band-shaped undulations are truncated in the direction of the band-shaped electron beam channel, and the truncated parts are linear (without undulations) in the direction of the band-shaped electron beam channel;
the method is characterized in that:
the truncated part of the upper and lower sine line periodic band-shaped undulations is a periodic cosine undulation in the direction of the wide edge to form a cosine grid (the cosine grid formed on the upper sine line periodic band-shaped undulation is an upper cosine grid, the cosine grid formed on the lower sine line periodic band-shaped undulation is a lower cosine grid), the length of the period and the wide edge is a, and the undulation amplitude is h 2;
the minimum distance between the lower part of the upper cosine gate and the upper part of the lower cosine gate in the narrow side direction is h1 (namely the distance between the wave trough of the upper cosine gate and the narrow side direction of the wave peak of the lower cosine gate, namely the height difference is h1), and the height of the strip-shaped electron beam channel is as follows: hb-h 1+ h2+ h2 × cos (2 pi x/a), where x is the distance of the cosine undulation position from the sine waveguide wall distance (i.e. the ribbon electron beam channel wall).
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention relates to a cosine grid loading type sine waveguide slow wave structure, which is characterized in that on the basis of the existing flat-top sine waveguide slow wave structure, a truncated part is in cosine fluctuation with a period in the direction of a wide edge to form a cosine grid, namely, the cosine grid is loaded between an upper wave trough and a lower wave crest of a sine waveguide, the width of the cosine grid is a, the minimum distance between the upper cosine grid and the lower cosine grid is h1, the fluctuation amplitude of the cosine grid is h2, the length of the wide edge of the slow wave structure is a, the length of a narrow edge is b, the fluctuation height of a sine curve is h, the fluctuation period in the longitudinal direction, namely the transmission direction is p, and an electron injection channel hb is h1+ h2+ h2 × cos (2 pi x/a). Through tests, the cosine grid loading sine-like waveguide slow wave structure has a higher coupling impedance value, an electromagnetic field is more concentrated in the central area of an electron beam channel, the space on two sides of the electron beam channel is larger, the magnetic field can be effectively reduced during the wave injection interaction of a traveling wave tube, and meanwhile, the high-frequency transmission characteristic is greatly improved, which means that the interaction capacity of the electron beam and the electromagnetic wave is increased, so that the output power, the gain and the interaction efficiency of the traveling wave tube are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a conventional flat-top sine waveguide slow wave structure
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow wave structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the cosine grating-loaded sine-like waveguide slow wave structure shown in FIG. 2 along the transmission direction;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure shown in FIG. 2 along the broadside direction;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the dispersion characteristics of the conventional flat-top sine waveguide slow-wave structure and the cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the coupling impedance of the conventional flat-topped sine waveguide slow-wave structure and the cosine gate loaded sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of reflection parameters of a conventional flat-top sine waveguide slow-wave structure and a cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing transmission parameters of a conventional flat-top sine waveguide slow wave structure and a cosine grid loading sine-like waveguide slow wave structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in order to better understand the present invention for those skilled in the art with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly noted that in the following description, a detailed description of known functions and designs will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, 3, and 4, the cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow wave structure of the present invention includes a sine waveguide 1, the length of the wide side of the sine waveguide is a, the length of the narrow side of the sine waveguide is b, the upper and lower sides of the longitudinal direction (transmission direction) are sine-line periodic band undulations 2 that undulate around the wide side as the center, the height of the sine-line periodic band undulation 2 is h, the period length of the sine-line periodic band undulation 2 is p, and the width of the sine-line periodic band undulation 2 is a.
And a strip electron beam channel is arranged between the upper sinusoidal line periodic strip fluctuation 2 and the lower sinusoidal line periodic strip fluctuation 2, and the width of the strip electron beam channel is the width length a of the sinusoidal waveguide.
The upper and lower sinusoidal periodic band undulations 2 are truncated in the direction of the band electron beam path, and the truncated portions are linear (no undulations) in the direction of the band electron beam path.
On the basis of the existing flat-top sine waveguide slow wave structure, the periodic band-shaped fluctuation of an upper sine line and a lower sine line is divided into a truncated part, a periodic cosine fluctuation 3 is designed along the broadside direction, the cosine fluctuation 3 forms a cosine grid, the length of the period of the cosine grid is the same as that of the broadside, and the fluctuation amplitude is h 2. The cosine grid formed on the upper sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation is an upper cosine grid, and the cosine grid formed on the lower sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation is a lower cosine grid.
The minimum distance between the lower part of the upper cosine gate and the upper part of the lower cosine gate in the narrow side direction is h1 (namely the distance between the wave trough of the upper cosine gate and the narrow side direction of the wave peak of the lower cosine gate, namely the height difference is h1), and the height of the strip-shaped electron beam channel is as follows: hb-h 1+ h2+ h2 × cos (2 pi x/a), where x is the distance of the cosine undulation position from the sine waveguide wall (i.e. the ribbon electron beam channel wall).
In this embodiment, for convenience of processing, the top surface of the upper sine line periodic band-shaped undulation is an arc-shaped cylindrical surface, the arc-shaped cylindrical surface is in tangential connection with the upper sine line periodic band-shaped undulation surfaces on both sides, the cross section of the arc-shaped cylindrical surface is arc-shaped, the radius of the arc-shaped cylindrical surface is R, the distance from the center of the circle to the trough of the upper cosine grating is L, similarly, the bottom surface of the lower sine line periodic band-shaped undulation is an arc-shaped cylindrical surface, the arc-shaped cylindrical surface is in tangential connection with the lower sine line periodic band-shaped undulation surfaces on both sides, the cross section of the arc-shaped cylindrical surface is arc-shaped, the radius of the arc-shaped cylindrical surface is R, and the distance from the center of the circle to the crest of the lower cosine grating is L. This eliminates the need to machine the top surface of the upper sinusoidal line periodic band undulations and the bottom surface of the lower sinusoidal line periodic band undulations into the more difficult to machine sinusoidal peak and valley structures.
In this embodiment, in a 220GHz band, the structural size of the cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure of the present invention is (unit: mm): 0.72mm for a, 0.55mm for b, 0.471mm for p, 0.24mm for h, 0.13mm for h1, 0.01mm for h2, h1+ h2+ h2 xcos (2 pi x/a). R is 0.1mm, L is 0.24 mm.
In the 220GHz frequency band, aiming at the existing flat-top sine waveguide slow wave structure and the cosine grid loading sine-like waveguide slow wave structure, the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software HFSS is used for calculation, and the dispersion characteristic and the coupling impedance in-out comparison are obtained. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software CST is used for simulating 80 periods of each of the two slow wave structures, and the high-frequency loss characteristics of the two slow wave structures are obtained. The simulation results are shown in fig. 5, fig. 6, fig. 7, and fig. 8, wherein reference numerals 1, 3, 5, and 7 respectively represent a dispersion characteristic curve, a coupling impedance curve, a reflection parameter curve, and a transmission parameter curve of the cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure of the present invention. Reference numerals 2, 4, 6 and 8 are respectively a dispersion characteristic curve, a coupling impedance curve, a reflection parameter curve and a transmission parameter curve of the existing flat-top sinusoidal waveguide slow-wave structure; .
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the dispersion characteristics of the conventional flat-top sine waveguide slow-wave structure and the cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure of the present invention.
In this embodiment, as can be seen from comparison between the example of the present invention and the comparative example in fig. 5, compared with the conventional flat-top sine waveguide slow-wave structure, the cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure of the present invention has a relatively wide frequency band (204 to 274GHz), and the normalized phase velocity of the cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure of the present invention is substantially the same as that of the conventional flat-top sine waveguide slow-wave structure.
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the coupling impedance of the conventional flat-top sine waveguide slow-wave structure and the cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure of the present invention.
In this embodiment, as is apparent from comparison between the example of the present invention and the comparative example in fig. 6, compared with the existing flat-top sine waveguide slow-wave structure, the cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure provided by the present invention has a higher coupling impedance value in a relatively wide frequency band (204 to 230 GHz). The coupling impedance value of the slow-wave structure of the invention is effectively improved compared with the comparative example, the coupling impedance Kc at the 220GHz frequency point in the invention example is 2.03 Ω, the coupling impedance Kc at the 220GHz frequency point in the comparative example is 1.60 Ω, the coupling impedance Kc is improved by nearly 27%, and meanwhile, in combination with fig. 5, it can be seen that, when the coupling impedance is improved, the dispersion characteristic is not reduced, which means that the interaction capability of the electron beam and the electromagnetic wave is increased, and further the output power, the gain and the interaction efficiency of the traveling-wave tube are improved.
FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of reflection parameters of a conventional flat-top sine waveguide slow-wave structure and a cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure according to the present invention.
In the present embodiment, as can be seen from comparison between the present embodiment and the comparative example in fig. 7, compared with the existing flat-top sinusoidal waveguide slow-wave structure, the reflection parameters of both slow-wave structures are lower within the frequency band of 210 to 250 GHz. In a frequency band higher than 250GHz, the cosine grating loading sine-like waveguide slow wave structure has slightly lower reflection parameters.
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing transmission parameters of a conventional flat-top sine waveguide slow wave structure and a cosine grid loading sine-like waveguide slow wave structure according to the present invention.
In this embodiment, as can be seen from comparison between the present invention example and the comparative example in fig. 8, compared with the existing flattop sine waveguide slow-wave structure, the transmission coefficient of the cosine-grid-loading slow-wave structure of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the flattop sine waveguide of the prior art in the frequency band of 210 to 270GHz, which illustrates that the coupling impedance value of the slow-wave structure of the present invention example is effectively improved compared with that of the comparative example slow-wave structure, the transmission parameter S21 at the frequency point of 220GHz in the present invention example is-7.75 dB, the transmission parameter S21 at the frequency point of 220GHz in the comparative example is-2.86 dB, and the transmission parameter S21 is reduced by nearly 63%, which means that the novel slow-wave structure has very low high-frequency loss, and under the same processing technology, the cosine-grid-loading sine slow-wave structure of the present invention has better transmission performance compared with the existing flattop sine waveguide, i.e. it is shown that it has higher output power, lower power, and lower power, Gain and interaction efficiency
With reference to fig. 7 and 8, it can be seen that, compared with the existing flat-top sine waveguide slow-wave structure, the cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure of the present invention has slightly lower reflection parameters as a whole, but has very low reflection parameters, and the performance is not reduced, however, the transmission parameters are greatly reduced compared with the existing flat-top sine waveguide, which indicates that the novel slow-wave structure has very low high-frequency loss, which indicates that the cosine-grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure of the present invention has good performance.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
Claims (3)
1. A cosine gate loaded sine-like waveguide slow wave structure, comprising:
the sine waveguide is provided with a wide edge length of a, a narrow edge length of b, sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation taking the wide edge as the center to fluctuate is arranged vertically in the longitudinal direction, namely the transmission direction, the height of the sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation is h, the period length of the sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation is p, and the width of the sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation is a;
a strip electron beam channel is arranged between the upper sine line periodic strip fluctuation and the lower sine line periodic strip fluctuation, and the width of the strip electron beam channel is the width length a of the sine wave guide;
the upper sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation and the lower sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation are truncated in the direction of the band-shaped electron beam channel, and the truncated parts are linear in the direction of the band-shaped electron beam channel, namely, no fluctuation exists in the direction of the band-shaped electron beam channel;
the method is characterized in that:
the truncated part of the upper and lower sine line periodic band-shaped undulations in the width direction is a periodic cosine undulation to form a cosine grid, the cosine grid formed on the upper sine line periodic band-shaped undulation is an upper cosine grid, the cosine grid formed on the lower sine line periodic band-shaped undulation is a lower cosine grid, the length of the cosine grid period is the same as that of the width, and the undulation amplitude is h 2;
the minimum distance between the lower part of the upper cosine gate and the upper part of the lower cosine gate in the narrow side direction is h1, namely the distance between the wave trough of the upper cosine gate and the narrow side direction of the wave peak of the lower cosine gate, namely the height difference is h1, and the height of the strip-shaped electron beam channel is as follows: h1+ h2+ h2 × cos (2 pi x/a), where x is the distance of the cosine undulation position from the sinusoidal waveguide wall, i.e. the ribbon electron beam channel wall.
2. The cosine grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow wave structure of claim 1, wherein:
the top surface of the upper sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation is an arc-shaped columnar surface, the arc-shaped columnar surface is in tangent connection with the upper sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation surfaces of the two sides, the cross section of the arc-shaped columnar surface is arc-shaped, the radius of the arc-shaped columnar surface is R, the distance from the circle center to the trough of the upper cosine grid is L, similarly, the bottom surface of the lower sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation is the arc-shaped columnar surface, the arc-shaped columnar surface is in tangent connection with the lower sine line periodic band-shaped fluctuation surfaces of the two sides, the cross section of the arc-shaped columnar surface is arc-shaped, the radius of the arc-shaped columnar surface is R, and the distance from the circle center to the crest of the lower cosine grid is L.
3. The cosine grid-loaded sine-like waveguide slow wave structure of claim 2, wherein:
the structure size is as follows: 0.72mm for a, 0.55mm for b, 0.471mm for p, 0.24mm for h, 0.13mm for h1, 0.01mm for h2, 0.1mm for R, and 0.24mm for L.
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| CN114005719B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-10-13 | 电子科技大学长三角研究院(湖州) | Double-electron-beam channel folding waveguide slow wave structure |
| CN114256040B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-03-14 | 电子科技大学 | Novel traveling wave tube slow wave structure |
| CN116913747A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-10-20 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | Oval sine-like waveguide slow wave structure |
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| CN202150438U (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2012-02-22 | 电子科技大学 | Ridge loading curved rectangular groove waveguide slow wave line |
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| CN105575745B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-06-15 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 | A kind of half period interlocks cosine end face grid slow-wave structure |
| CN105869971B (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2017-11-21 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of flat-head type sine waveguide slow-wave structure |
| CN110120328A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-13 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of dome ladder type interleaving double grid slow-wave structure |
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