CN116913747A - Oval sine-like waveguide slow wave structure - Google Patents
Oval sine-like waveguide slow wave structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN116913747A CN116913747A CN202311180389.8A CN202311180389A CN116913747A CN 116913747 A CN116913747 A CN 116913747A CN 202311180389 A CN202311180389 A CN 202311180389A CN 116913747 A CN116913747 A CN 116913747A
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses an elliptic sine-like waveguide slow wave structure, which is characterized in that on the basis of a conventional rectangular waveguide metal shell with a wide side dimension of a and a narrow side dimension of b, the upper side surface and the lower side surface in the metal shell are respectively provided with elliptic sine-like alternative half-period banded undulation along the longitudinal direction, namely the transmission direction, so that the upper side surface and the lower side surface in the metal shell respectively form a plurality of uniform undulating waveguides which are sequentially arranged. The coupling impedance of the slow wave structure is improved, and the stop band between modes is increased, so that the output power and gain of the traveling wave tube are improved, and the working stability of the traveling wave tube is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vacuum electronics, in particular to an elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure.
Background
Development of electromagnetic spectrum resources in the terahertz frequency band is a leading-edge hotspot in the current fields of electromagnetism and optics. Along with the increasing demand of millimeter wave terahertz power sources, compared with a solid-state power amplifier device, the traveling wave tube based on the vacuum electronics principle has the characteristics of irreplaceable high power, wide frequency band, compact structure and the like, and becomes the most widely applied modern electric vacuum device in the terahertz frequency band.
The slow wave structure is a core component in the terahertz traveling wave tube, and the device performance of the traveling wave tube is directly determined. The dispersion characteristic, coupling impedance and radio frequency transmission characteristic of the slow wave structure play a decisive role in the physical performance of the traveling wave tube. For example, the dispersion characteristic is an important parameter of a slow wave structure, and relates to a series of important indexes such as the working voltage, the frequency bandwidth, the working frequency and the like of the traveling wave tube; the coupling impedance represents the effective degree of interaction between the slow wave structure and the electron beam, is another important parameter of the slow wave structure, and generally depends on parameters such as longitudinal electric field intensity, transmission power flow and the like in the slow wave structure, and the coupling impedance is related to a series of important indexes such as output power, interaction efficiency, output gain and the like of the traveling wave tube.
In the terahertz frequency band, along with the improvement of the working frequency, the actual processing difficulty and the radio frequency transmission loss of the slow wave structure are increased sharply, and the transmission and reflection characteristics of the slow wave structure also influence the device working index of the traveling wave tube to a great extent.
As shown in fig. 1: the prior art discloses a slow wave structure of a wavy waveguide, which belongs to the technical field of vacuum electronics and is formed by deforming a conventional rectangular waveguide with a wide side dimension of a and a narrow side dimension of b; the E surface of the wavy waveguide slow wave structure is in a periodic wavy shape, the H surface of the wavy waveguide slow wave structure is a plane, and the intersecting contour line of the E surface and the H surface is a periodically-changing wavy line; the periodic length of the periodically-changing wavy line is p, and the undulating height h is the difference between the narrow side dimension b of the rectangular waveguide and the height hb of the electron beam channel. The main body of the prior art has simple structure and easy processing; the high-frequency loss is low, and the reflection is small; the frequency band is wide, is suitable for utilizing the characteristics of band-shaped electron beam working and the like, is completely suitable for a traveling wave tube working in a terahertz wave band, and is a novel slow wave structure with great application potential.
However, this prior art still has the following problems:
first aspect: the coupling impedance of the sine waveguide traveling wave tube is lower due to the weaker longitudinal electric field of the sine waveguide, so that the defects of lower output power, lower interaction efficiency, lower gain, longer saturation interaction length and the like of the sine waveguide traveling wave tube are directly caused;
second aspect: the structure has double periodicity, the frequencies of the mode 1 and the mode 2 are almost equal at pi, 3 pi, 5 pi and … …, so that a stop band disappears, the electron beam interacts with a forward wave and a return wave simultaneously near an o point, and the coupling impedance tends to be infinite at the o point, so that sideband parasitic oscillation and return wave oscillation are extremely easy to occur, and the traveling wave tube is extremely unstable in operation at the o point;
third aspect: meanwhile, in millimeter wave and terahertz frequency bands, the size of the slow wave structure is very small due to the size co-transition effect, and the interval width of the bottom of the sinusoidal waveguide metal groove is narrower, so that the processing difficulty can be increased to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure which is used for improving the coupling impedance of the slow wave structure and increasing the stop band between modes, thereby improving the output power and gain of the traveling wave tube and improving the working stability of the traveling wave tube.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: on the basis of a conventional rectangular waveguide metal shell with a wide side dimension of a and a narrow side dimension of b, the upper side surface and the lower side surface in the metal shell are respectively provided with a plurality of uniform and orderly arranged undulating waveguides by carrying out elliptical and sinusoidal alternating half-period banded undulation along the longitudinal transmission direction so as to respectively form a plurality of uniform and orderly arranged undulating waveguides on the upper side surface and the lower side surface in the metal shell.
In a further technical scheme, the undulating waveguide mainly comprises a plurality of half-period sine-shaped grids and a plurality of half-oval grooves, wherein the half-period sine-shaped grids and the half-oval grooves are longitudinally and sequentially arranged at intervals and respectively intersected with the front side and the rear side of the undulating waveguide to form contour lines, namely periodic waveguide curves;
wherein a single-period, elliptical sine-like waveguide comprises one of said half-period sinusoidal protrusions and one of said half-elliptical grooves, the period length being p;
the semi-elliptical grooves of the upper side correspond to the half-cycle sinusoidal bars of the lower side;
the semi-elliptic grooves on the lower side correspond to the half-period sine-shaped grids on the upper side, and the longitudinal distance between peak peaks of the sine-shaped grids on the upper side and the lower side is L2;
the length of the half-period sine-shaped grid is L1, and the fluctuation height is h1;
the minor axis of the semi-elliptic groove is L2, and the long half axis is h2;
the distance between two adjacent sine-shaped grids is L2, and the distance between two adjacent semi-elliptical grooves is L1;
the minimum distance between peak peaks of the sine-shaped grids at the upper side and the lower side in the narrow side direction is hb, so that a band-shaped electron beam channel with the width of a and the height of hb is formed between the peak peaks, and the minimum distance is hb, and the minimum distance is satisfied: p=l1+l2, hb=b-2×h1.
In a further embodiment, 0< h2< h1.
In a further aspect, 0< l2< l1.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention solves the problems that in the prior art, along with the increase of the working frequency in the terahertz frequency band, the actual processing difficulty and the radio frequency transmission loss of a slow wave structure are increased sharply, and the transmission and reflection characteristics of the slow wave structure also influence the working index of the device of the traveling wave tube to a great extent.
2. The coupling impedance of the slow wave structure is improved, and the stop band between modes is increased, so that the output power and gain of the traveling wave tube are improved, and the working stability of the traveling wave tube is improved. Compared with the undulating waveguide slow wave structure, the elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure has different grating-groove undulating periods and heights, the dual periodicity of the structure is destroyed, and the stop band between modes is increased, so that the working stability of the traveling wave tube can be improved;
3. under the condition of keeping good dispersion characteristics, compared with a wavy waveguide slow wave structure, the coupling impedance in the whole passband is improved by about 87%, and the defect that the coupling impedance in the wavy waveguide slow wave structure is improved and the dispersion characteristics are reduced is overcome. This means that the interaction capability of the electron beam and the electromagnetic wave is increased, and the output power, gain and interaction efficiency of the traveling wave tube can be effectively improved;
4. the bottom of the metal groove of the elliptic sine-like waveguide is larger than the width of the metal groove of the slow wave structure of the undulating waveguide, so that the tool for micro-machining can pass through the groove, and the difficulty in terahertz frequency band machining can be reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional waveguiding slow wave structure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing a comparison of dispersion characteristics between a conventional undulating waveguide slow wave structure and an elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure according to example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing a comparison of normalized phase velocity of a conventional undulating waveguide slow wave structure and an elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of the coupling impedance of a conventional undulating waveguide slow wave structure and an elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing comparison of transmission parameters of a conventional undulating waveguide slow wave structure and an elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the comparison of reflection parameters of a conventional undulating waveguide slow wave structure and an elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-a metal shell; 2-sinusoidal grating; 3-semi-elliptical grooves.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-7, an elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure is provided, on the basis of a conventional rectangular waveguide metal housing 1 with a wide side dimension a and a narrow side dimension b, the upper and lower side surfaces in the metal housing 1 are each provided with elliptical and sinusoidal alternating half-period banded undulations along the longitudinal transmission direction, so that the upper and lower side surfaces in the metal housing 1 respectively form a plurality of uniform and orderly arranged undulating waveguides.
In a further technical scheme, the undulating waveguide mainly comprises a plurality of half-period sine-shaped grids 2 and a plurality of semi-elliptical grooves 3, wherein the half-period sine-shaped grids 2 and the semi-elliptical grooves 3 are longitudinally and sequentially arranged at intervals and respectively intersected with a transverse direction, a front surface and a rear surface to form contour lines, namely periodic waveguide curves;
wherein a single-period, elliptical sine-like waveguide comprises one of said half-period sinusoidal protrusions and one of said half-elliptical grooves, the period length being p;
said semi-elliptical grooves 3 on the upper side correspond to said half-cycle sinusoidal bars 2 on the lower side;
the semi-elliptic grooves 3 on the lower side correspond to the half-period sine-shaped grids 2 on the upper side, and the longitudinal distance between peak peaks of the sine-shaped grids 2 on the upper side and the lower side is L2;
the length of the half-period sine-shaped grid 2 is L1, and the fluctuation height is h1;
the minor axis of the semi-elliptic groove 3 is L2, and the long half axis is h2;
the distance between two adjacent sine-shaped grids 2 is L2, and the distance between two adjacent semi-elliptical grooves 3 is L1;
the minimum distance between the peak peaks of the sine-shaped grids 2 at the upper side and the lower side in the narrow side direction is hb, so that a band-shaped electron beam channel with the width of a and the height of hb is formed between the peak peaks, and the minimum distance is hb, and the minimum distance is satisfied: p=l1+l2, hb=b-2×h1.
In a further embodiment, 0< h2< h1.
In a further aspect, 0< l2< l1.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention solves the problems that in the prior art, along with the increase of the working frequency in the terahertz frequency band, the actual processing difficulty and the radio frequency transmission loss of a slow wave structure are increased sharply, and the transmission and reflection characteristics of the slow wave structure also influence the working index of the device of the traveling wave tube to a great extent.
2. The coupling impedance of the slow wave structure is improved, and the stop band between modes is increased, so that the output power and gain of the traveling wave tube are improved, and the working stability of the traveling wave tube is improved. Compared with the undulating waveguide slow wave structure, the elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure has different grating-groove undulating periods and heights, the dual periodicity of the structure is destroyed, and the stop band between modes is increased, so that the working stability of the traveling wave tube can be improved;
3. under the condition of keeping good dispersion characteristics, compared with a wavy waveguide slow wave structure, the coupling impedance in the whole passband is improved by about 87%, and the defect that the coupling impedance in the wavy waveguide slow wave structure is improved and the dispersion characteristics are reduced is overcome. This means that the interaction capability of the electron beam and the electromagnetic wave is increased, and the output power, gain and interaction efficiency of the traveling wave tube can be effectively improved;
4. the bottom of the metal groove of the elliptic sine-like waveguide is larger than the width of the metal groove of the slow wave structure of the undulating waveguide, so that the tool for micro-machining can pass through the groove, and the difficulty in terahertz frequency band machining can be reduced.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
in this embodiment 1, it is assumed that the structural dimensions of the elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure of the present invention are (unit: μm) at 220GHz band: a=770 um, b=580 um, l1=235 um, l2=225 um, h1=220 um, h2=180 um, hb=140 um. It should be noted that, the values of these parameters are not fixed, but are just preferred values.
In the comparison example, a conventional sine waveguide (publication number: CN102054644A, publication day: 20110511) with the same broadside length of a=770 um, the same narrow side length of b=580 um, the same period length of p=L1+L2=460 um and the same electron beam channel height of hb=140 um is selected for comparison, and three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software ANSYS is used for simulation calculation to compare the dispersion characteristics, normalized phase velocity and coupling impedance of the two. The simulation results are shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5.
As is obvious from the comparison result of the brillouin graph of the elliptical sine-like waveguide and the conventional sine-like waveguide in fig. 3, the bandwidth of the scheme of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the conventional sine-like waveguide structure under the condition of the same size structure; meanwhile, in the scheme of the embodiment, a forbidden band of about 1.3GHz is arranged at the positions of pi, 3 pi, 5 pi and … in the mode 1 and the mode 2, which indicates that compared with a conventional sine waveguide, the traveling wave tube with the slow wave structure based on the technical scheme of the embodiment 1 has higher working stability.
As can be seen from the comparison results of normalized phase velocity and coupling impedance of the elliptic sine-like waveguide and the conventional sine-like waveguide in fig. 4 and 5, under the condition of the same size structure, compared with the conventional sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure, the elliptic sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure has the advantages that the normalized phase velocity of the elliptic sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure and the conventional sine-like waveguide slow-wave structure are basically the same in the whole working frequency band, and the dispersion curves are basically consistent, but the coupling impedance of the scheme of the embodiment is obviously higher than that of the conventional waveguide slow-wave structure, the coupling impedance value at the 220GHz frequency point in the embodiment of the invention is 1.12W, the coupling impedance at the 220GHz frequency point in the comparative example is 0.6W, and the coupling impedance is improved by about 87%. The embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the coupling impedance value of the embodiment of the invention is effectively improved relative to that of the slow wave structure of the comparative example, which indicates that under the same working condition, the central region of the electron beam channel of the slow wave structure based on the scheme of the embodiment has more concentrated electromagnetic field, so that the beam interaction of the central region of the slow wave structure is stronger, the interaction capability of the electron beam and electromagnetic wave is further improved, and the output power, gain and interaction efficiency of the traveling wave tube are improved.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, for the two slow wave structures, 60 main periods and 6 linear gradual transition periods (which are the transition periods with the same period length as the conventional sine wave waveguide and the fluctuation height h changing in a linear increasing manner) are respectively selected for simulation, and the effective conductivity is set to be 2.8x10 7 S/m. A transmission characteristic calculation model is established in three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software CST, and a simulation meter of transmission parameters of two slow wave structures can be obtained by solving through time domain simulation in the softwareAs a result, the transmission parameters S21 and the reflection parameters S21 of the example 1 and the comparative example are almost the same in the whole working frequency band, the reflection parameters S11 are slightly larger in the whole after the frequency of 250GH, but still have very low reflection parameters, the performance is not reduced, the reflection parameters of the elliptic type sine wave guide are smaller than 30dB and the transmission parameters are larger than-4.2 dB in the range of 200-250GHz working frequency band, and the technical scheme of the invention is shown that the elliptic type sine wave guide slow wave structure has good radio frequency transmission performance.
The foregoing examples merely illustrate specific embodiments of the invention, which are described in greater detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The elliptic sine-like waveguide slow wave structure is characterized in that on the basis of a conventional rectangular waveguide metal shell with a wide side dimension of a and a narrow side dimension of b, the upper side surface and the lower side surface in the metal shell are alternately and half-cycle fluctuated along the longitudinal transmission direction, so that a plurality of uniform and orderly arrayed fluctuated waveguides are respectively formed on the upper side surface and the lower side surface in the metal shell.
2. An elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure according to claim 1, wherein,
the undulating waveguide consists of a plurality of half-period sine-shaped grids and a plurality of semi-elliptical grooves, wherein the half-period sine-shaped grids and the semi-elliptical grooves are longitudinally and sequentially arranged at intervals and respectively intersected with the front side and the rear side of the undulating waveguide to form contour lines, namely periodic waveguide curves;
wherein a single-period, elliptical sine-like waveguide comprises one of said half-period sinusoidal protrusions and one of said half-elliptical grooves, the period length being p;
the semi-elliptical grooves of the upper side correspond to the half-cycle sinusoidal bars of the lower side;
the semi-elliptic grooves on the lower side correspond to the half-period sine-shaped grids on the upper side, and the longitudinal distance between peak peaks of the sine-shaped grids on the upper side and the lower side is L2;
the length of the half-period sine-shaped grid is L1, and the fluctuation height is h1;
the minor axis of the semi-elliptic groove is L2, and the long half axis is h2;
the distance between two adjacent sine-shaped grids is L2, and the distance between two adjacent semi-elliptical grooves is L1;
the minimum distance between peak peaks of the sine-shaped grids at the upper side and the lower side in the narrow side direction is hb, so that a band-shaped electron beam channel with the width of a and the height of hb is formed between the peak peaks, and the minimum distance is hb, and the minimum distance is satisfied: p=l1+l2, hb=b-2×h1.
3. An elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure according to claim 2, wherein 0< h2< h1.
4. An elliptical sine-like waveguide slow wave structure according to claim 2, wherein 0< l2< l1.
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| CN116110761A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2023-05-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Folding waveguide slow wave structure and vacuum electron tube |
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2023
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