CN113113278B - Similar-trapezoid staggered double-gate slow wave structure - Google Patents
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- CN113113278B CN113113278B CN202110406429.0A CN202110406429A CN113113278B CN 113113278 B CN113113278 B CN 113113278B CN 202110406429 A CN202110406429 A CN 202110406429A CN 113113278 B CN113113278 B CN 113113278B
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a trapezoid-like staggered double-gate slow-wave structure, which is characterized in that on the basis of the staggered double-gate slow-wave structure, a trapezoid-like gate is adopted at the bottom, a rectangular gate is adopted at the middle part, a circular electron beam channel is arranged on the rectangular gate, the trapezoid-like gate and the rectangular gate form a trapezoid-like gate, and the trapezoid-like gates are sequentially staggered in the longitudinal direction, namely the transmission direction. Through tests, the dispersion characteristic of the trapezoidal staggered double-gate slow wave structure is improved, the trapezoidal staggered double-gate slow wave structure has wider bandwidth, high-frequency loss is greatly reduced, and the trapezoidal staggered double-gate slow wave structure has higher coupling impedance value because the axial field component of an electron beam channel is concentrated, which means that the interaction capacity of an electron beam and electromagnetic waves is increased, and further the output power, the gain and the interaction efficiency of a traveling wave tube are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vacuum electronics, and particularly relates to a trapezoid-like staggered double-gate slow-wave structure suitable for a millimeter wave and terahertz wave band vacuum electronic device.
Background
Terahertz waves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies between the microwave and infrared bands, and have wide applications in broadband communication, electromagnetic interference, public safety detection, astronomical observation, high-speed data transmission, high-precision nondestructive detection, plasma diagnosis, biomedical imaging and a plurality of basic subjects. Vacuum electronic devices are a very promising device for the realization of high-power terahertz wave radiation sources. Vacuum electronics is used as an important technology tool to develop high power electromagnetic radiation sources in these wavebands. Traveling wave tubes are one of the most widely used high power radiation sources. The slow wave structure is mainly applied to microwave electric vacuum devices, has the function of reducing the phase velocity of electromagnetic waves to keep the electromagnetic waves and electron beams synchronous so as to fully perform wave injection interaction, and is used as a core part of the microwave electric vacuum devices to directly determine the overall performance of the tube.
At present, slow wave structures mainly researched in terahertz waveband traveling wave tubes mainly comprise structures such as a folded waveguide, a rectangular staggered double-gate, a coupling cavity and a sinusoidal waveguide.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional folded waveguide slow wave structure.
The existing folded waveguide slow wave structure is shown in fig. 1, where a is the waveguide broadside length, b is the waveguide narrow side length, h is the straight waveguide height, p is the period length, R is the electron beam channel radius, and g is the metal gate width.
Due to the fact that the working wavelength of the terahertz waveband is short, and the structure size of the slow wave structure is small, machining difficulty is high, machining precision is low, and reflection of a high-frequency system is large and loss is large. At short millimeter and terahertz wave band, the axial coupling impedance of the existing folding waveguide is reduced, which means that the interaction efficiency of the injection wave is not high, and the improvement of the performance such as power, gain efficiency and the like of the traveling wave tube is influenced to a certain extent. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a new slow-wave structure with higher coupling impedance, low high-frequency loss and easy processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a similar-trapezoid-staggered double-gate slow wave structure to improve the coupling impedance and the dispersion characteristic of the structure, so that the output power, the gain and the interaction efficiency of a traveling wave tube are improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the trapezoid-shaped staggered double-gate slow-wave structure comprises a rectangular metal tube, wherein the wide side of the rectangular metal tube is a;
it is characterized in that the device also comprises a trapezoid-like staggered double grid;
the trapezoid-like staggered double gates comprise a plurality of trapezoid-like gates (forming an upper row of trapezoid-like gates) with upper row intervals p reversely arranged on the upper wall of the rectangular metal tube along the longitudinal direction (transmission direction) and a plurality of trapezoid-like gates (forming a lower row of trapezoid-like gates) with lower row intervals p positively arranged on the lower wall of the rectangular metal tube along the longitudinal direction (transmission direction), wherein the trapezoid-like gates of the upper row and the lower row of trapezoid-like gates are periodically staggered;
the trapezoid-like grid is of a columnar structure placed along the wide side, the length of the trapezoid-like grid is a, the cross section of the trapezoid-like grid is isosceles trapezoid below the cross section of the trapezoid-like grid, the cross section of the trapezoid-like grid is rectangular above the cross section of the trapezoid-like grid, the height of the trapezoid is h1, the included angle between the inclined edge (waist) of the trapezoid and the horizontal direction is theta, the width of the upper bottom edge of the trapezoid is g, the height of the rectangle is h2, and the width (thickness) of the upper edge and the lower edge of the trapezoid is g; the trapezoid-like grid comprises two parts, wherein the part with the trapezoid cross section is a trapezoid grid, and the part with the rectangular cross section is a rectangular grid;
the distance from the grid top at one side to the grid bottom (the upper wall or the lower wall of the rectangular metal pipe) at the other side of the upper and lower rows of similar trapezoidal grids is b;
rectangular grid length direction central point puts for circular trompil, as electron beam passageway, and circular electron beam passageway's radius is R, and size parameter satisfies: 2 xr < h2, all round openings being the same size and being connected in a straight line in the transport direction parallel to the rectangular metal tube.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention relates to a trapezoid-like staggered double-gate slow-wave structure, which is characterized in that on the basis of a staggered double-gate slow-wave structure, a trapezoid-like gate is adopted at the bottom, a rectangular gate is adopted at the middle part, a circular electron beam channel is arranged on the rectangular gate, the trapezoid-like gate and the rectangular gate form a trapezoid-like gate, the trapezoid-like gates are sequentially staggered in the longitudinal direction, namely the transmission direction, the period is p, the length of a wide side is a, the length of a narrow side is b, the height of the trapezoid-like gate is h1, the length of the wide side of the slow-wave structure is a, the included angle between the inclined side of the trapezoid-like gate and the horizontal direction is theta, the height of the rectangular gate is h2, the width (thickness) is g, the length of the wide side of the slow-wave structure is a, the radius of a circular electron beam channel is R, and the size parameters are satisfied: 2 xr < h 2. Through tests, the dispersion characteristic of the trapezoidal staggered double-gate slow wave structure is improved, the trapezoidal staggered double-gate slow wave structure has wider bandwidth, high-frequency loss is greatly reduced, and the trapezoidal staggered double-gate slow wave structure has higher coupling impedance value because the axial field component of an electron beam channel is concentrated, which means that the interaction capacity of an electron beam and electromagnetic waves is increased, and further the output power, the gain and the interaction efficiency of a traveling wave tube are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional folded waveguide slow wave structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a trapezoidal-like staggered double-gate slow-wave structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal (transmission direction) cross-sectional view of a trapezoidal staggered double-gate slow-wave structure of the type of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the dispersion characteristics of the conventional folded waveguide slow-wave structure and the quasi-trapezoidal staggered dual-gate slow-wave structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the coupling impedance comparison between the conventional folded waveguide slow-wave structure and the quasi-trapezoidal staggered dual-gate slow-wave structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the high-frequency loss characteristics of the conventional folded waveguide slow-wave structure and the quasi-trapezoidal staggered dual-gate slow-wave structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in order to better understand the present invention for those skilled in the art with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly noted that in the following description, a detailed description of known functions and designs will be omitted when it may obscure the subject matter of the present invention.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the similar-trapezoid-shaped staggered double-gate slow-wave structure of the present invention includes a rectangular metal tube 1 and a similar-trapezoid-shaped staggered double-gate 2, wherein a wide side of the rectangular metal tube 1 is a.
The trapezoid-like staggered double gates 2 comprise a plurality of trapezoid-like gates 201 (forming an upper row of trapezoid-like gates) with upper row intervals p reversely arranged on the upper wall of the rectangular metal tube 1 along the longitudinal direction (transmission direction) and a plurality of trapezoid-like gates 201 (forming a lower row of trapezoid-like gates) with lower row intervals p positively arranged on the lower wall of the rectangular metal tube 1 along the longitudinal direction (transmission direction), wherein the trapezoid-like gates of the upper row and the lower row of trapezoid-like gates are periodically staggered. Thus, the period of the trapezoidal-like staggered double gate is p.
The trapezoid-like grid 201 is a columnar structure arranged along the wide side, the length is a, the cross section is isosceles trapezoid at the lower part, the upper part is rectangular, the height of the trapezoid is h1, the included angle between the inclined side (waist) of the trapezoid and the horizontal direction is theta, the width of the upper bottom edge of the trapezoid is g, the height of the rectangle is h2, and the width (thickness) of the upper side and the lower side is g; the trapezoid-like grid comprises two parts, wherein the part with the trapezoid cross section is the trapezoid grid, and the part with the rectangular cross section is the rectangular grid.
The distance from the grid top of the trapezoid-like grid 201 on one side to the grid bottom of the trapezoid-like grid 201 on the other side is b, that is, the distance from the grid top of the trapezoid-like grid 201 on the upper side to the lower wall of the rectangular metal tube 1 and the distance from the grid top of the trapezoid-like grid 201 on the lower side to the upper wall of the rectangular metal tube 1 are b.
Rectangular grid length direction central point puts for circular trompil, as electron beam passageway, and circular electron beam passageway's radius is R, and size parameter satisfies: 2 xr < h2, all round openings being the same size and being connected in a straight line in the transport direction parallel to the rectangular metal tube.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, in the 216GHz band, the structure size of the quasi-ladder staggered dual-gate slow-wave structure of the present invention is (unit: mm): a is 0.76mm, b is 0.255mm, and R is 0.11 mm.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, in the 216GHz band, the structure size of the quasi-ladder staggered dual-gate slow-wave structure of the present invention is (unit: mm): p is 0.52mm, h1 is 0.255mm, h2 is 0.25mm, g is 0.08mm, theta is 100 ° and R is 0.11mm, i.e. 2 xr < h 2.
In contrast, in the conventional folded waveguide slow wave structure shown in fig. 1, a is the waveguide broadside length, b is the waveguide broadside length, h is the straight waveguide height, p is the period length, R is the electron beam channel radius, and g is the metal gate width. In the present embodiment, in the 216GHz band, the structural dimensions of the comparative example, i.e. the existing folded waveguide slow-wave structure, are (unit: mm): 0.76mm for a, 0.18mm for b, 0.23mm for h, 0.514mm for p, 0.11mm for R and 0.077mm for g.
In this embodiment, the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software HFSS is used to calculate the existing folded waveguide slow-wave structure in the 216GHz band and the similar trapezoidal staggered dual-gate slow-wave structure of the present invention, so as to obtain the dispersion characteristic and the coupling impedance in-out comparison. Meanwhile, the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software CST is used for simulating 80 periods of each of the two slow wave structures, and the high-frequency loss characteristics of the two slow wave structures are obtained. The simulation results are shown in fig. 4, 5, and 6, where reference numerals 1, 3, and 5 are a dispersion characteristic curve, a coupling impedance curve, and a high-frequency loss characteristic curve of the existing folded waveguide slow-wave structure, respectively; the reference numbers 2, 4 and 6 are respectively a dispersion characteristic curve, a coupling impedance curve and a high-frequency loss curve of the trapezoidal staggered double-gate slow-wave structure.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the dispersion characteristics of the conventional folded waveguide slow-wave structure and the trapezoidal staggered double-gate slow-wave structure of the present invention.
In the embodiment, as can be seen from comparison between the example of the invention and the comparative example in fig. 4, compared with the existing folded waveguide slow wave structure, the normalized phase velocity of the trapezoidal staggered double-gate slow wave structure of the invention is basically the same in a relatively wide frequency band (202 to 232GHz), whereas the normalized phase velocity curve of the trapezoidal staggered double-gate slow wave structure of the invention is relatively flat in the whole frequency band (202 to 232GHz), and the dispersion characteristic is improved.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the coupling impedance comparison between the conventional folded waveguide slow-wave structure and the trapezoidal staggered double-gate slow-wave structure of the present invention.
In this embodiment, as is apparent from comparison between the example of the present invention and the comparative example in fig. 5, compared with the existing folded waveguide slow wave structure, the trapezoidal staggered double-gate slow wave structure provided by the present invention has a higher coupling impedance value in a relatively wide frequency band (203 to 233 GHz). The coupling impedance values of the slow-wave structures of the example of the invention and the comparative example are effectively improved, the coupling impedance Kc at the frequency point of 216GHz in the example of the invention is 4.5 Ω, the coupling impedance Kc at the frequency point of 216GHz in the comparative example is 3.9 Ω, and the coupling impedance Kc is improved by nearly 15%, meanwhile, in combination with fig. 4, it can be seen that the dispersion characteristic is not reduced but improved while the coupling impedance is improved, which means that the interaction capability of electron beams and electromagnetic waves is increased, and further the output power, gain and interaction efficiency of the traveling-wave tube are improved.
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the high-frequency loss characteristics of the conventional folded waveguide slow-wave structure and the quasi-trapezoidal staggered dual-gate slow-wave structure of the present invention.
In this embodiment, as can be seen from comparison between the example of the present invention and the comparative example in fig. 6, compared with the existing folded waveguide slow wave structure, in the 205 to 240GHz band, the high frequency loss of the trapezoidal staggered dual-gate slow wave structure of the present invention is significantly smaller than that of the existing folded waveguide, which means that the trapezoidal staggered dual-gate slow wave structure of the present invention has better transmission characteristics compared with the existing folded waveguide, and further improves the output power, gain, and interaction efficiency of the traveling wave tube.
With reference to fig. 4, 5, and 6, it can be seen that the similar-ladder-shaped staggered double-gate slow-wave structure of the present invention has improved dispersion characteristics and significantly improved coupling impedance compared to the existing folded waveguide slow-wave structure, and meanwhile, the similar-ladder-shaped staggered double-gate slow-wave structure of the present invention has good transmission characteristics, i.e., very low high-frequency loss, which means that its output power, gain, and interaction efficiency will be higher, indicating that the similar-ladder-shaped staggered double-gate slow-wave structure of the present invention has good performance.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
Claims (2)
1. A kind of ladder-like staggered double-grid slow-wave structure, including rectangular metal tube, its broadside is a;
it is characterized in that the device also comprises a trapezoid-like staggered double grid;
the trapezoid-like staggered double gates comprise a plurality of trapezoid-like gates with upper row intervals p reversely arranged on the upper wall of the rectangular metal tube along the longitudinal direction, namely the transmission direction, and a plurality of trapezoid-like gates with lower row intervals p positively arranged on the lower wall of the rectangular metal tube along the longitudinal direction, namely the transmission direction, and the trapezoid-like gates of the upper row and the lower row of trapezoid-like gates are periodically staggered;
the trapezoid-like grid is of a columnar structure placed along the wide side, the length of the trapezoid-like grid is a, the cross section of the trapezoid-like grid is isosceles trapezoid below the cross section of the trapezoid-like grid, the cross section of the trapezoid-like grid is rectangular above the cross section of the trapezoid-like grid, the height of the trapezoid is h1, the included angle between the inclined side, namely the waist, of the trapezoid and the horizontal direction is theta, the width of the upper bottom edge of the trapezoid is g, the height of the rectangle is h2, and the width of the upper side and the lower side of the trapezoid is g; the trapezoid-like grid comprises two parts, wherein the part with the trapezoid cross section is a trapezoid grid, and the part with the rectangular cross section is a rectangular grid;
the distance from the top of the grid at one side to the bottom of the grid at the other side, namely the upper wall or the lower wall of the rectangular metal tube is b;
rectangular grid length direction central point puts for circular trompil, as electron beam passageway, and circular electron beam passageway's radius is R, and size parameter satisfies: 2 xr < h2, all circular openings being the same size and being straight in the transport direction, parallel to the rectangular metal tube.
2. The trapezoid-like staggered double gate slow wave structure of claim 1, wherein:
the structure size is as follows: a is 0.76mm, b is 0.255mm, p is 0.52mm, h1 is 0.255mm, h2 is 0.25mm, g is 0.08mm, theta is 100 ° and R is 0.11 mm.
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| CN113571391B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2024-02-23 | 南京信息工程大学 | Elliptic curve-based metal staggered double-grid slow wave structure |
| CN114005719B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-10-13 | 电子科技大学长三角研究院(湖州) | Double-electron-beam channel folding waveguide slow wave structure |
| CN114360988B (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2023-04-18 | 电子科技大学 | V-shaped rectangular groove staggered double-grid waveguide slow-wave structure traveling-wave tube |
| CN114783847B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-09-05 | 电子科技大学 | Novel slow wave structure based on staggered double grating and zigzag waveguide |
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