CN110752131B - Multi-electron-beam-channel slow-wave structure with trigonometric function profile - Google Patents
Multi-electron-beam-channel slow-wave structure with trigonometric function profile Download PDFInfo
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- CN110752131B CN110752131B CN201911101471.0A CN201911101471A CN110752131B CN 110752131 B CN110752131 B CN 110752131B CN 201911101471 A CN201911101471 A CN 201911101471A CN 110752131 B CN110752131 B CN 110752131B
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-electron-beam-channel slow-wave structure with a trigonometric function profile, which belongs to the technical field of electric vacuum devices and comprises a cuboid shell, a plurality of cosine grid teeth distributed at the upper part in the shell and a plurality of sine grid teeth distributed at the lower part in the shell. An electron beam channel is formed between two adjacent cosine grid teeth, a circular electron beam is arranged in the electron beam channel, and a high-frequency system is arranged between two adjacent sine grid teeth to jointly form the multi-electron beam channel slow-wave structure. The multi-electron-beam-channel slow-wave structure with the trigonometric function profile is suitable for working in higher-order space harmonics, can meet the requirements of terahertz wave bands, is provided with a natural circular electron beam channel, can realize remote transmission under the condition of not reducing the electron beam current density, and can effectively perform injection-wave interaction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave electric vacuum devices, in particular to a multi-electron-beam-channel slow-wave structure with a trigonometric function profile.
Background
A microwave electro-vacuum device is a device that uses charged particles to achieve oscillation or amplification of a microwave signal in a vacuum environment. The new generation of electric vacuum devices not only require high frequency, high power, high efficiency, but also require high reliability, simplicity and easy processing, etc., so that new application requirements and challenges can be met.
The rapid development of solid state devices and the urgent need in the aerospace and military fields have brought challenges and opportunities to electric vacuum devices. Traveling wave tubes are advancing towards the terahertz frequency band. The terahertz wave is an electromagnetic wave with the frequency of 0.1-10.0 THz, namely the wavelength of 0.03-3.00 mm, and has moderate beam width and larger system bandwidth. As an electromagnetic band that is the least understood and developed by humans, the terahertz band is called "exploring the last segment of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The search for new slow wave structures has been a goal of microwave tube researchers. At present, conventional slow wave structures include a folded waveguide, a staggered double-gate structure, a sinusoidal waveguide, a spiral line slow wave structure and the like, and many researchers focus on improving the slow wave structure to obtain more excellent slow wave characteristics, such as ridge loading, wing loading, top cutting, hole (groove) digging and the like, but the complexity of the structure is undoubtedly increased, so that the problems of high processing difficulty, poor heat dissipation and the like are caused.
The existing slow wave structure comprises a cuboid shell, a strip-shaped electron beam is arranged above the inside of the cuboid shell, and a plurality of sine grid teeth are distributed below the inside of the cuboid shell, wherein the size of the strip-shaped electron beam is a multiplied by b, the cycle of the grid teeth is p2, the height of the grid teeth is h2, and the length of a wide side of the grid teeth is w. The ribbon electron beam has the advantages of high power output, small current density, weak space charge effect and high conductivity, but has the defects of difficult focusing and long-distance transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-electron-beam-channel slow-wave structure with a trigonometric function profile, which solves the problems that the conventional slow-wave structure adopts ribbon electron beams, so that focusing is difficult and long-distance transmission is realized.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a many electron beam passageway slow wave structure with trigonometric function profile, includes the rectangle casing, a plurality of sine bars tooth that the below distributes in the rectangle casing is the high frequency system between two adjacent sine bars tooth, a plurality of cosine bars tooth that the top distributes in the rectangle casing forms the electron beam passageway between two adjacent cosine bars tooth, arranges circular electron beam at the electron beam passageway, sine bars tooth and cosine bars tooth quadrature each other.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the slow wave structure comprises a cuboid shell, a plurality of cosine grid teeth distributed on the upper portion in the shell, and a plurality of sine grid teeth distributed on the lower portion in the shell. This slow-wave structure acts as a control and energy exchange mechanism for the electron beam, causing the electromagnetic wave to travel in a traveling wave along the slow-wave structure, while causing the electron beam to travel with the traveling wave field at substantially the same velocity as the traveling-wave higher-order space harmonics. During this movement, the electron beam interacts with the field continuously, so that the high-frequency signal is amplified in the corresponding frequency band, i.e. the beam-wave interaction is achieved.
According to the invention, the plurality of cosine grid teeth are distributed above the rectangular shell, the electron beam channel is formed between two adjacent cosine grid teeth, and the circular electron beam is arranged in the electron beam channel, so that the requirement of a terahertz wave band on high current density can be met, the electron beam can be remotely transmitted under the existing magnetic focusing system, the interaction time of beam-wave is prolonged, and the energy exchange effect is obvious, so that the problems that the existing slow wave structure adopts the strip-shaped electron beam to cause difficulty in focusing and the remote transmission are solved.
The number of the electron beam channels can be increased or decreased according to requirements, and the electron beam has flexible and changeable structural attributes; the main body structure of the invention is simple, and the processing difficulty is reduced.
The slow wave structure is suitable for working in higher spatial harmonics, can work in a terahertz frequency band under the condition of small size difference, and reduces the processing difficulty
Furthermore, the edge profile shapes of the cosine grid teeth are distributed in a cosine function manner; the edge profile shapes of the plurality of sinusoidal grating teeth are distributed in a sinusoidal function.
Further, by taking a certain point at the edge of the outermost electron beam channel as an origin, taking the extension direction of the circular electron beam as an x-axis and the extension direction of the slow wave structure as a z-axis, the edge profile shapes of the cosine grating teeth meet the condition that y is h1/2+h1/2*cos(2*π*x/p1)(0≤x≤p1) (ii) a The edge profile shape of the plurality of sinusoidal grating teeth satisfies y-h2/2-h2/2*sin(2*π*z/p2)(0≤z≤p2) Wherein p is1For the channel period of the electron beam, h1For the peak of the electron beam channel, p2To couple the cavity period, h2The coupling cavity peak.
Further, the number n of electron beam channels satisfies: n x p1W is the length of the broadside, p1Is the electron beam channel period.
Furthermore, two adjacent cosine grid teeth are arranged periodically along the horizontal radial direction of the slow wave structure.
Further, two adjacent sinusoidal grid teeth are arranged periodically along the longitudinal direction of the slow-wave structure.
Further, a plurality of circular electron beams are parallel to each other and equally spaced from the multiple electron beam passage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the plurality of cosine grid teeth are distributed above the rectangular shell, the electron beam channel is formed between two adjacent cosine grid teeth, and the circular electron beam is arranged in the electron beam channel, so that the requirement of a terahertz wave band on high current density can be met, the electron beam can be transmitted in a long distance under the existing magnetic focusing system, the beam-wave interaction time is prolonged, and the energy exchange effect is obvious.
2. The number of the electron beam channels can be increased or decreased according to requirements, and the electron beam has flexible and changeable structural attributes; the main body structure of the invention is simple, and the processing difficulty is reduced.
3. The high-order space harmonic wave can work in a terahertz frequency band; when the working frequency ranges are consistent, the terahertz frequency band is large in size, and the problem that the existing terahertz frequency band is difficult to process is solved; the invention can meet the requirements of a terahertz frequency band slow wave structure and even an electric vacuum device on electron beam current density and current intensity, and simultaneously solves the problem of difficulty in focusing of strip-shaped electron beams.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic vacuum diagram of a multi-circular electron beam slow wave structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-circular electron beam slow wave structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the entrance side of the multi-circular electron beam slow wave structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional sinusoidal single-grating slow wave structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the inlet side of a conventional sine single-grating slow-wave structure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic comparison of mode3 for a comparative example and an example provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic comparison of mode4 for a comparative example and an example provided by the invention;
reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings:
1-rectangular shell, 2-cosine grid teeth, 3-circular electron beam and 4-sine grid teeth.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-3, a multi-electron beam channel slow wave structure with a trigonometric function profile comprises a rectangular shell 1, a plurality of sine grid teeth 4 distributed at the lower part in the rectangular shell 1, a high frequency system between two adjacent sine grid teeth 4, a plurality of cosine grid teeth 2 distributed at the upper part in the rectangular shell 1, an electron beam channel formed between two adjacent cosine grid teeth 2, a circular electron beam 3 arranged in the electron beam channel, and the sine grid teeth 4 and the cosine grid teeth 2 are orthogonal to each other; the edge profile shapes of the cosine grid teeth 2 are distributed in a cosine function; the edge profile shapes of the plurality of sinusoidal grid teeth 4 are distributed in a sinusoidal function; taking a certain point at the edge of the outermost electron beam channel as an original point, taking the extension direction of the circular electron beam 3 as the horizontal radial direction of an x axis, and taking the extension direction of the slow wave structure as the longitudinal direction of a z axis, the edge profile shapes of the cosine grid teeth 2 meet the condition that y is h1/2+h1/2*cos(2*π*x/p1)(0≤x≤p1) (ii) a The edge profile shape of the plurality of sinusoidal grating teeth 4 satisfies y-h2/2-h2*sin(2*π*z/p2)(0≤z≤p2) Wherein p is1For the channel period of the electron beam, h1For the peak of the electron beam channel, p2To couple the cavity period, h2Is the coupling cavity peak; the number n of the electron beam channels satisfies: n x p1W is the length of the broadside, p1Is the electron beam channel period; two adjacent cosine grating teeth 2 are arranged periodically along the horizontal radial direction of the slow wave structure, namely at equal intervals; a cavity between two adjacent cosine grid teeth 2 is an electron beam channel and is positioned on the upper top surface of the cuboid shell 1; electronic beamThe channel can be extended along the horizontal radial direction according to the number of the electron beams; two adjacent sinusoidal grid teeth 4 are arranged periodically along the longitudinal direction of the slow wave structure, namely, are arranged at equal intervals; a cavity between two adjacent sinusoidal grating teeth 4 is a high-frequency system and is positioned on the lower bottom surface of the cuboid shell 1; the length of the slow wave structure can be extended along the longitudinal direction according to the design, and a plurality of circular electron beams 3 are parallel to each other and pass through the multi-electron beam channel at equal intervals.
In this embodiment, the electron beam channel period is p1Height of h1With a period of p grid teeth2Height of h2And the broadside length is w.
Comparative example 1:
as shown in fig. 4-5, a strip-shaped electron beam slow wave structure includes a rectangular casing 1, a plurality of sinusoidal grid teeth 4 distributed below in the rectangular casing 1, a high frequency system between two adjacent sinusoidal grid teeth 4, an electron beam channel formed above the plurality of sinusoidal grid teeth 4 in the rectangular casing 1, and a strip-shaped electron beam arranged in the electron beam channel.
In this comparative example, the electron beam path height is h1With a period of p grid teeth2Height of h2The broadside length is w, and the ribbon beam is a × b.
In order to demonstrate that the invention works in a terahertz frequency band by using high-order space harmonics, slow-wave structures described in the embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1 are modeled, and eigen-mode solution is carried out by taking the following parameters in a three-dimensional simulation tool: p 1-p 2-0.46 mm, h 1-h 2-0.43 mm, w-1.38 mm, as shown in fig. 6 and 7 (sine-cosine stands for the invention and sine-rectangle for the comparative example). A comparison of the 3 rd and 4 th modes of the two structures is shown, and it can be seen that in example 1, mode3 is at a frequency of 15GHz higher and mode4 is at a frequency of more than 50GHz higher throughout the 360 ° phase than comparative example 1.
According to the above results, the higher spatial harmonics of the present invention can operate in the terahertz frequency band under the condition of the same size; when the working frequency ranges are consistent, the terahertz frequency band is large in size, and the problem that the existing terahertz frequency band is difficult to process is solved.
The invention analyzes the prior art: the comparative example uses a ribbon beam for the purpose of: under the same current density, the cross section area of the strip electron beam is large, so that the total current can be increased, the power capacity of the electron beam is increased, and the high-power output of the device is realized; secondly, under the same current intensity, the cross section area of the strip electron beam is large, so that the strip electron beam has smaller current density, weaker space charge effect and higher conductivity coefficient. However, because the ribbon electron beam is difficult to focus and realize long-distance transmission, and the like, and the disadvantages of a single circular electron beam relative to the ribbon electron beam are considered, the invention is provided, and the requirements of the terahertz frequency band on large current can be met on the premise of basically not influencing the current density of the electron beam.
As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the radius of the circular electron beam is r, and the size of the ribbon electron beam is a × b. If the current intensity of the two electron beams is equal, the conditions are satisfied
C×π×r2×3＝S×a×b
Wherein C represents a circular electron cathodal current emission density and S represents a band-shaped electron cathodal current emission density.
Considering the practical situation that ① circular electron-injected cathode current emission density C is less than or equal to 50A/cm2The electron current emission density S of the strip-shaped electron cathode is less than or equal to 30A/cm 2② the duty ratio of the circular electron beam is relatively large (about 70%) and the duty ratio of the strip-shaped electron beam is relatively small (about 30%), and the ratio of a to 0.6 × w, b to 0.6 × h1 and C to 50A/cm2，S＝30A/cm2And data in example 1, there are
This indicates that: when the radius r of the circular electron beam is 0.116mm, the current intensity of the electron beam is equal to that of the strip-shaped electron beam in the comparative example; the invention also shows that the requirements of the terahertz frequency band slow-wave structure and even an electric vacuum device on the electron beam current density and the current intensity can be met, and the problem of difficulty in focusing of the strip-shaped electron beam is solved.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a many electron notes passageway slow wave structure with trigonometric function profile, includes rectangle casing (1), a plurality of sine bars tooth (4) that the below distributes in rectangle casing (1), be the high frequency system between two adjacent sine bars tooth (4), its characterized in that, a plurality of cosine bars tooth (2) that the top distributes in rectangle casing (1) form the electron and annotate the passageway between two adjacent cosine bars tooth (2), arrange circular electron and annotate (3) at the electron and annotate the passageway, sine bars tooth (4) and cosine bars tooth (2) quadrature each other.
2. The multi-electron beam channel slow wave structure with trigonometric function profile according to claim 1, wherein the edge profile shapes of the plurality of cosine grating teeth (2) are distributed in cosine function; the edge profile shapes of the plurality of sinusoidal grating teeth (4) are distributed in a sinusoidal function.
3. The multi-electron beam channel slow-wave structure with the trigonometric function profile as claimed in claim 2, wherein the edge profile shape of the cosine grating teeth (2) satisfies y-h with a point at the edge of the outermost electron beam channel as the origin, the continuation direction of the circular electron beam (3) as the x-axis and the continuation direction of the slow-wave structure as the z-axis1/2+h1/2*cos(2*π*x/p1)(0≤x≤p1) (ii) a The edge profile shape of the plurality of sinusoidal grating teeth (4) satisfies y-h2/2-h2/2*sin(2*π*z/p2)(0≤z≤p2) Wherein p is1For the channel period of the electron beam, h1For the peak of the electron beam channel, p2To couple the cavity period, h2The coupling cavity peak.
4. The structure of claim 1, wherein the number n of electron beam channels satisfies the following condition: n x p1W is the length of the broadside, p1Is the electron beam channel period.
5. The multi-electron-beam-channel slow-wave structure with the trigonometric function profile of claim 1, wherein two adjacent cosine grid teeth (2) are periodically arranged along the horizontal radial direction of the slow-wave structure.
6. The multi-electron-beam-channel slow-wave structure with trigonometric function profile of claim 1, wherein two adjacent sinusoidal grating teeth (4) are arranged periodically along the longitudinal direction of the slow-wave structure.
7. A multi electron beam channel slow wave structure with trigonometric function profile according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a plurality of circular electron beams (3) are passed from the multi electron beam channel parallel to each other and equally spaced.
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| CN113113279B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-03-25 | 电子科技大学 | Cosine grid loading sine-like waveguide slow wave structure |
| CN114005719B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-10-13 | 电子科技大学长三角研究院(湖州) | Double-electron-beam channel folding waveguide slow wave structure |
| CN114899066B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-04-07 | 电子科技大学 | Four-ribbon slow wave structure with trapezoidal lines and application thereof |
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| CN102054644B (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-05-30 | 电子科技大学 | Fluctuant waveguide slow wave structure |
| US8823262B2 (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2014-09-02 | University Of Electronic Science And Technology Of China | Helical slow-wave structure including a helix of rectagular cross-section having grooves therein adapted to receive supporting rods therein |
| CN103077872B (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2015-10-28 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of comb shape slow wave structure of multi-band shape electron beam channel |
| CN105575745B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-06-15 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 | A kind of half period interlocks cosine end face grid slow-wave structure |
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