CN109494142B - Magnetic insulated wire oscillator with ridge loading blade structure - Google Patents
Magnetic insulated wire oscillator with ridge loading blade structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109494142B CN109494142B CN201811391958.2A CN201811391958A CN109494142B CN 109494142 B CN109494142 B CN 109494142B CN 201811391958 A CN201811391958 A CN 201811391958A CN 109494142 B CN109494142 B CN 109494142B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
- H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
- H01J25/36—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-power microwave source in the technical field of high-power microwaves, in particular to a magnetic insulated wire oscillator with a ridge loading blade structure. Wherein the choke blade is loaded with ridge structures, either or both of the slow wave blade and the extraction blade. According to the magnetic insulated wire oscillator with the ridge loading blade structure, the angularly symmetrical ridge structure is loaded on the anode blade, so that the coupling impedance of the MILO can be effectively improved, the MILO power efficiency can be effectively improved, and the volume and the weight of the MILO can be smaller.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-power microwave source, in particular to a magnetic insulated wire oscillator with a ridge loading blade structure, and belongs to the technical field of high-power microwaves.
Background
A magnetic Insulated line Oscillator (millo) is a gigawatt-level coaxial orthogonal field Oscillator, which has the advantages of high microwave radiation power, stable operation, no external magnetic field, compact structure and the like, is a typical representative of the prior high-peak power, non-magnetic field and compact narrow-band high-power microwave source, and is also one of the high-power microwave sources with the most development potential and engineering application prospect.
The conventional MILO is shown in fig. 1, and includes a cathode 1, a choke blade 2, a slow wave blade 3, an extraction blade 4, a collector 5, a support rod 6, and an anode outer cylinder 7, and the whole structure is rotationally symmetric about a central axis. The choke blade 2, the slow wave blade 3, and the extraction blade 4 are collectively referred to as an anode blade. For convenience of description, the following is specified: the collector 5 is located at one end of the MILO right end and at the other end of the MILO left end.
The traditional MILO working principle is as follows: when a pulse high voltage generated by a pulse power source is loaded between the anode outer cylinder and the cathode, electron beam current is generated at the upstream (the cathode part outside the collecting stage) and the downstream (the cathode part inside the collecting stage) of the cathode; the electron beam current generated at the downstream of the cathode bombards the collector, and the electron beam current is called as load current and has the function of generating an angular direct current magnetic field surrounding the cathode; the magnetic field guides electron beams emitted laterally at the upstream of the cathode to bend to the direction of the central axis and move parallel to the cathode, so that the part of the electron beams is prevented from directly bombarding the anode blade and is called magnetic insulation current; the electron beam current drifting to the right parallel to the cathode excites electromagnetic oscillation in the anode blade cavity to generate electromagnetic waves (the frequency of the electromagnetic waves is mainly determined by the radial depth of the anode blade cavity); the electromagnetic wave in turn modulates the electron beam current passing through the vicinity of the cavity opening to form space charge cloud with uneven density, namely an electron spoke; when the drift velocity of the electronic spoke is synchronized with the phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave, the electronic spoke interacts strongly with the electromagnetic wave and transfers energy to the electromagnetic wave, the process is called beam energy conversion, and the electromagnetic wave is amplified gradually to form high-power microwaves.
The conventional MILO has a problem of low power efficiency because it is limited by a physical mechanism that load current is consumed for generating a direct current magnetic field without participating in beam energy conversion.
Improving the coupling impedance of the MILO blade structure can effectively improve the power efficiency of MILO. Therefore, the method for developing the high coupling impedance MILO to improve the power efficiency of the MILO has wide application prospect and important scientific research value.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: an MILO having a ridge-loaded blade structure is provided to improve the power efficiency of the MILO.
The technical idea adopted by the invention is to load a ridge structure on the anode blade of the traditional MILO, and the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a magnetically insulated wire oscillator having a ridge-loaded blade structure, characterized by: including negative pole 1, a plurality of positive pole blade, collector 5, bracing piece 6 and positive pole urceolus 7, collector 5 passes through bracing piece 6 to be fixed in positive pole urceolus 7 right-hand member chamber, the positive pole blade is middle hollow disc, fixes in proper order on the inner wall of positive pole urceolus 7 left end, and the interval between the adjacent positive pole blade is L3(ii) a The anode blades comprise a choke blade 2, a slow wave blade 3 and an extraction blade 4; the anode blade can be selectively loaded with a ridge structure, the ridge structure is a disk with a hollow middle part, and the thickness of the ridge structure is less than L3One half of (a).
In the above solution, only the choke blade 2 and the slow wave blade 3 are loaded with the first ridge structure 8 and the second ridge structure 9, respectively.
In the above solution, only the choke blade 2 and the extraction blade 4 are loaded with the first ridge structure 8 and the third ridge structure 10, respectively.
In the above solution, the choke blade 2, the slow wave blade 3 and the extraction blade 4 are loaded with the first ridge structure 8, the second ridge structure 9 and the third ridge structure 10, respectively.
In the above solution, the inner radius of the first ridge structure 8 and the inner radius R of the choke blade 23Same, outer radius RS1Smaller than the outer radius R of the choke blade 24(ii) a The inner radius of the second ridge structure 9 and the inner radius R of the slow-wave blade 35Same, outer radius RS2Smaller than the outer radius R of the slow-wave blade 36。
In the above solution, the inner radius of the first ridge structure 8 and the inner radius R of the choke blade 23Same, outer radius RS1Smaller than the outer radius R of the choke blade 24(ii) a The inner radius of the third ridge structure 10 and the inner radius R of the extraction blade 47Same, the outer radius is RS3Smaller than the outer radius of the extracting blade 4R8。
In the above solution, the inner radius of the first ridge structure 8 and the inner radius R of the choke blade 23Same, outer radius RS1Smaller than the outer radius R of the choke blade 24(ii) a The inner radius of the second ridge structure 9 and the inner radius R of the slow-wave blade 35Same, outer radius RS2Smaller than the outer radius R of the slow-wave blade 36(ii) a The inner radius of the third ridge structure 10 and the inner radius R of the extraction blade 47Same, the outer radius is RS3Smaller than the outer radius R of the extraction blade 48。
In the scheme, the number of the slow-wave blades 3 is 3-5, and the number of the extraction blades 4 is 1-4.
In the above scheme, bracing piece 6, its cross sectional shape is square, circular or other shapes, and it establishes to 2 ~ 4 groups, and 6 figure of every group bracing piece are no less than three and along angular evenly distributed.
The invention can achieve the following technical effects:
1. the anode blade is loaded with the angularly symmetrical ridge structure, so that the coupling impedance of the MILO can be effectively improved, and the power efficiency of the MILO can be effectively improved;
2. compared with the traditional MILO, the invention can make the volume and the weight of the MILO smaller under the condition of the same output microwave frequency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional MILO along a central axis.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an mil with a ridge-loaded vane structure of the present invention taken along a central axis.
Fig. 3 is a graph comparing coupling impedance of mil blade structures with and without ridge loading.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional MILO along a central axis. The traditional MILO consists of a cathode 1, a choke blade 2, a slow wave blade 3, an extraction blade 4, a collector 5, a support rod 6 and an anode outer cylinder 7, and the whole structure is rotationally symmetrical about a central axis. The specific connection relation is as follows: the left end of the cathode 1 is externally connected with an inner conductor of a pulse power source; the choking blade 2, the slow wave blade 3 and the extraction blade 4 are embedded in the right end of the anode in sequence and fixed on the inner wall of the left end of the anode outer cylinder 7; the collector 5 enters from the right end of the anode and forms a coaxial structure with the anode outer cylinder 7; the collector 5 is fixed in the cavity at the right end of the anode outer cylinder 7 through a support rod 6.
The cathode 1 is a laid convex cylinder with the left and right part radiuses R1And R2Satisfy R2>R1And the left end of the cathode is externally connected with an inner conductor of a pulse power source. The choke blade 2, the slow wave blade 3 and the extraction blade 4 are all hollow discs in the middle. Wherein the choke blade 2 has an inner radius R3And an outer radius of R4Satisfy R4>R3>R2. The distance between the left end surface of the choking blade 2 and the left end surface of the cathode 1 is L1，L110-30 mm; the inner radius of the slow wave blade 3 is R5And an outer radius of R6(ii) a The inner radius of the extraction blade 4 is R7And an outer radius of R8Satisfy R8＝R6＝R4>R7>R5>R3. The period of two adjacent blades is L2，L2Is 15-30 mm, and the distance between two adjacent blades is L3，L3Is 13-28 mm. For MILO, the number of the slow wave blades 3 is generally 3-5, and the number of the extraction blades 4 is generally 1-4, depending on the work requirement. In this embodiment, the number of the choke blades 2 is 1, the number of the slow wave blades 3 is 3, and the number of the extraction blades 4 is 2. The distance between the end surface of the rightmost end of the extraction blade 4 and the end surface of the leftmost end of the collector 5 is L4，L410-40 mm. The collector 5 is connected with the anode outer cylinder 7 through a support rod 6, and the collector 5 and the anode outer cylinder 7 form a coaxial output structure. The cross-sectional shape of bracing piece 6 is square, circular or other shapes, can establish to 2 ~ 4 groups as the condition, and 6 figure of every group bracing piece are no less than three and along angular evenly distributed, and the both ends of every bracing piece 6 respectively with positive pole urceolus 7 and collector 5 fixed connection. The inner radius of the anode outer cylinder 7 is R9Satisfy R9＝R8＝R6＝R4The left end of the anode outer cylinder 7 is externally connected with an outer conductor of a pulse power source. During assembly, the choking blade 2, the slow wave blade 3 and the extraction blade 4 are sequentially and closely attached to the inner wall of the anode outer cylinder 7 along the axial direction from the right side of the anode outer cylinder 7 and are embedded into the anode outer cylinder 7.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a MILO with a ridge-loaded vane structure along the central axis.
The invention does not need to change the original structure of the traditional MILO, and only needs to load the first ridge structure 8 on the choking blade 2, the second ridge structure 9 on the slow wave blade 3 and the third ridge structure 10 on the extraction blade 4. The first ridge structures 8, 9 and 10 are all hollow discs in the middle. The inner radius of the first ridge structure 8 and the inner radius R of the choke blade 23Same, outer radius RS1Thickness d1Satisfy R3<RS1<R4(ii) a The inner radius of the second ridge structure 9 and the inner radius R of the slow-wave blade 35Same, outer radius RS2Thickness d2Satisfy R5<RS2<R6(ii) a The inner radius of the third ridge structure 10 and the inner radius R of the extraction blade 47Same, outer radius RS3Thickness d3Satisfy R7<RS3<R8(ii) a The thickness of the first ridge structures 8, 9 and 10 satisfies 2d1<L3，2d2<L3，2d3<L3。
Under the condition of keeping the other structure dimensions of the MILO unchanged, only the first ridge structure 8 and the second ridge structure 9, or only the first ridge structure 8 and the third ridge structure 10, or only the first ridge structure 8, the second ridge structure 9 and the third ridge structure 10 can be loaded according to working conditions.
Taking an L-band MILO as an example, assume a choke blade 2The inner and outer radiuses of the slow wave blade 3 and the extraction blade 4 are respectively R3＝35mm，R5＝41mm，R7＝49mm，R9＝R8＝R6＝R485mm, blade period L229mm, blade pitch L3The microwave frequency generated without ridges was 1.67GHz, 26 mm.
If the first ridge structure 8 and the second ridge structure 9 are loaded on the choke blade 2 and the slow-wave blade 3, respectively, wherein the outer radii of the ridge structures are R, respectivelyS1＝64mm，RS263mm, the thickness of the ridge structure is d1＝d2The microwave output frequency of the MILO can be reduced to 1.57GHz, 2 mm. If the method of loading the ridge structure is not adopted, the method of increasing the inner radius R of the anode outer cylinder 5 is adopted9The method of (3) reduces the microwave frequency by making the inner radius R thereof9Increasing from 85mm to 90 mm. Thus, assuming a constant MILO length, with an output microwave frequency of 1.57GHz, and an outer radius R5 decreasing from 90mm to 85mm, the MILO device volume is reduced by 12%.
In addition, under the condition of the same input electric power of 18.17GW, the microwave power efficiency generated in the absence of the ridge is 11.32%, and the coupling impedance is 17.14 omega; the microwave power efficiency generated with the ridge was 15.48% and the coupling impedance was 75.68 Ω. Therefore, the power efficiency of the MILO having the ridge-loaded blade structure is improved by 36.75% compared to the conventional MILO under the same input electric power.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing coupling impedances of a conventional blade structure and a ridge-loaded blade structure.
Compared with the common blade structure, the ridge-loaded blade structure provided by the invention has higher coupling impedance value in the whole frequency band. Indicating that the MILO with the ridge-loaded blade structure has a higher coupling impedance value in the entire frequency band and also has higher power efficiency.
Therefore, the MILO device can effectively improve the power efficiency and the coupling impedance of the MILO, and simultaneously effectively reduce the volume and the weight of the MILO device.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A magnetically insulated wire oscillator having a ridge-loaded blade structure, characterized by: including negative pole (1), a plurality of positive pole blade, collector (5), bracing piece (6) and positive pole urceolus (7), collector (5) are fixed in positive pole urceolus (7) right-hand member chamber through bracing piece (6), the positive pole blade is middle hollow disc, fixes in proper order on the inner wall of positive pole urceolus (7) left end, and the interval between the adjacent positive pole blade is L3(ii) a The anode blade comprises a choking blade (2), a slow wave blade (3) and an extraction blade (4); the anode blade is loaded with a ridge structure, the ridge structure is a disc with a hollow middle part, and the thickness of the ridge structure is less than L3One half of (a).
2. The magnetically insulated wire oscillator with ridge-loaded blade structure of claim 1, wherein: only the choke blade (2) and the slow-wave blade (3) are loaded with a first ridge structure (8) and a second ridge structure (9), respectively.
3. The magnetically insulated wire oscillator with ridge-loaded blade structure of claim 1, wherein: only the choke blade (2) and the extraction blade (4) are loaded with a first ridge structure (8) and a third ridge structure (10), respectively.
4. The magnetically insulated wire oscillator with ridge-loaded blade structure of claim 1, wherein: a first ridge structure (8), a second ridge structure (9) and a third ridge structure (10) are loaded on the choke blade (2), the slow wave blade (3) and the extraction blade (4), respectively.
5. The magnetically insulated wire oscillator with ridge-loaded blade structure of claim 2, wherein: the inner radius of the first ridge structure (8) and the inner radius R of the choke blade (2)3Same, outer radius RS1Is smaller than the outer radius R of the choke blade (2)4(ii) a The inner radius of the second ridge structure (9) and the inner radius R of the slow-wave blade (3)5Same, outer radius RS2Is smaller than the outer radius R of the slow wave blade (3)6。
6. The magnetically insulated wire oscillator with ridge-loaded blade structure of claim 3, wherein: the inner radius of the first ridge structure (8) and the inner radius R of the choke blade (2)3Same, outer radius RS1Is smaller than the outer radius R of the choke blade (2)4(ii) a The inner radius of the third ridge structure (10) and the inner radius R of the extraction blade (4)7Same, the outer radius is RS3Is smaller than the outer radius R of the extraction blade (4)8。
7. The magnetically insulated wire oscillator with ridge-loaded blade structure of claim 4, wherein: the inner radius of the first ridge structure (8) and the inner radius R of the choke blade (2)3Same, outer radius RS1Is smaller than the outer radius R of the choke blade (2)4(ii) a The inner radius of the second ridge structure (9) and the inner radius R of the slow-wave blade (3)5Same, outer radius RS2Is smaller than the outer radius R of the slow wave blade (3)6(ii) a The inner radius of the third ridge structure (10) and the inner radius R of the extraction blade (4)7Same, the outer radius is RS3Is smaller than the outer radius R of the extraction blade (4)8。
8. The magnetically insulated wire oscillator with ridge-loaded blade structure of any of claims 1-7, wherein: the number of the slow wave blades (3) is 3-5, and the number of the extraction blades (4) is 1-4.
9. The magnetically insulated wire oscillator with ridge-loaded blade structure of any of claims 1-7, wherein: the cross-sectional shape of the support rods (6) is square, circular or other shapes, the support rods are arranged into 2-4 groups, and the number of each group of support rods (6) is not less than three and is distributed uniformly along the angle direction.
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| CN109494142B true CN109494142B (en) | 2021-04-30 |
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| CN104038157A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-09-10 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator |
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2018
- 2018-11-21 CN CN201811391958.2A patent/CN109494142B/en active Active
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| CN101651074A (en) * | 2009-07-22 | 2010-02-17 | 电子科技大学 | Ridge loading zigzag waveguide slow wave line |
| CN102339708A (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2012-02-01 | 电子科技大学 | Gradient ridge loading tortuous waveguide slow wave line |
| CN104038157A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-09-10 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator |
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