CN108831815B - Periodic dielectric medium filled coaxial high-power microwave device - Google Patents
Periodic dielectric medium filled coaxial high-power microwave device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108831815B CN108831815B CN201810608539.3A CN201810608539A CN108831815B CN 108831815 B CN108831815 B CN 108831815B CN 201810608539 A CN201810608539 A CN 201810608539A CN 108831815 B CN108831815 B CN 108831815B
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- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
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- H01J23/28—Interdigital slow-wave structures; Adjustment therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a periodic dielectric filling coaxial high-power microwave device which comprises an outer cylinder, wherein a cathode and a coaxial inner conductor arranged in the axial direction of the outer cylinder are arranged in the outer cylinder, the cathode is coaxial with the coaxial inner conductor, a coaxial dielectric is filled between the outer cylinder and the coaxial inner conductor, the coaxial dielectric is two dielectrics which are periodically filled in a staggered mode and have different dielectric coefficients, the coaxial dielectric is provided with an annular structure to form a coaxial dielectric cavity, the coaxial dielectric is divided into an inner coaxial dielectric and an outer coaxial dielectric through the coaxial dielectric cavity, the arrangement modes of the two dielectrics of the inner coaxial dielectric and the outer coaxial dielectric are the same, and an annular high-current electron beam emitted by the cathode is guided by a magnetic field and transmitted in the coaxial dielectric cavity. The invention adopts the device with the structure, so that the microwave is totally reflected in the transmission medium, thereby enhancing the cluster of electron beams and improving the conversion efficiency of the beam waves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-power microwave devices, and particularly relates to a periodic dielectric medium filled coaxial high-power microwave device.
Background
High Power Microwave (HPM) generally refers to an electromagnetic wave with a peak power of more than 100MW and a working frequency of 1-300 GHz. The research and development of high-power microwave technology and microwave devices have been over 30 years old, and in recent years, with the continuous development of pulse power technology and plasma physics, the high-power microwave technology develops rapidly, and especially the development of high-power microwave sources has made great progress. Up to now, the power level has been raised by several orders of magnitude compared with the common microwave source, and has been widely applied in many scientific fields, thereby also making high power microwave a new technology, which is developing towards the direction of shorter wavelength and ultra high power by means of the huge power and energy reserve capacity of modern strong relativistic electron beam technology.
So far, the development of high power microwave has gone through the stage of simple new concept exploration of single power pursuit, and the research focus has shifted to more detailed technology related to the practical application of high power microwave. The main research contents of the high-power microwave source technology at present are to improve the generation efficiency and the single pulse energy of the high-power microwave source system, to miniaturize the system, to design the system in an integrated manner and to develop an intelligent high-power microwave device. A further practical application of high power microwave devices is miniaturization.
Charged particles moving along the surface of a medium will generate cerenkov radiation when the velocity exceeds the speed of light propagating in the medium. When a beam of electrons is transmitted in a partially filled dielectric waveguide, the radiation can be decomposed into various mode components in the waveguide, and when the speed of the electron beam is close to and greater than the phase speed of a certain mode, the interaction of the mode and the electron beam is amplified, so that coherent stimulated radiation is generated, and the Cerenkov radiation device is formed.
In the dielectric Cerenkov radiation oscillator, the slow wave structure is not a waveguide with periodically changed metal wall, but a coaxial metal circular waveguide with a layer of constant lining on its inner surface1Greater than vacuum dielectric constant0The dielectric coaxial dielectric waveguide of (1). Since the slow wave structure is not periodic, its dispersion curve is more like that of a cylindrical waveguide. Effective dielectric constant of waveguideeffIs located at0And1its value depends on the overall system dimensions. The effective dielectric constant of the system increases as the thickness of the dielectric increases1Increasing, causing the output frequency to decrease. When a dielectric with a large dielectric constant is used for lining instead of a dielectric with a small dielectric constant, the phase velocity of the structural mode can be slowed down more effectively, and the output frequency is reduced.
A single dielectric waveguide dispersion curve can note that the group velocity of the radiating microwaves at resonance is always positive. The device with the structure has no reverse wave medium Cerenkov device, and only has a traveling wave medium Cerenkov device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-power microwave device for enhancing the clustering of high-current electron beams and improving the conversion efficiency of beam waves.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a coaxial high power microwave device is filled to periodic dielectric, includes the urceolus, be provided with the cathode in the urceolus, the coaxial inner conductor that sets up in the urceolus axial direction, the cathode is coaxial with coaxial inner conductor, its characterized in that it has coaxial dielectric to fill between urceolus and the coaxial inner conductor, coaxial dielectric is two kinds of dielectric that periodic cross filling and dielectric coefficient are different, coaxial dielectric has the coaxial dielectric chamber of an annular structure, coaxial dielectric divide into inside and outside two parts coaxial dielectric through coaxial dielectric chamber, and two kinds of dielectric arrangement modes of inside coaxial dielectric and outside coaxial dielectric are the same, and the annular high current electron beam of cathode emission passes through magnetic field guide, transmits in coaxial dielectric chamber.
In the technical scheme, the two dielectric media are periodically and alternately filled along the axial direction of the outer cylinder.
In the above technical solution, the coaxial dielectric cavity is a vacuum cavity.
In the above technical scheme, the outer coaxial dielectric between the coaxial dielectric cavity and the outer cylinder is an outer waveguide, the inner coaxial dielectric between the coaxial dielectric cavity and the coaxial inner conductor is an inner waveguide, and the two dielectrics of the outer waveguide and the inner waveguide are arranged in a staggered manner in the same manner.
In the above technical scheme, one end of the coaxial dielectric cavity is provided with a metal plate vertically connected with the outer cylinder, and the metal plate is provided with an annular injection port for guiding the high current electron beam to enter the coaxial dielectric cavity.
In the above technical solution, the aperture of the annular injection port is the same as the size of the coaxial dielectric cavity.
In the above technical solution, the other end of the coaxial dielectric is a terminal of a conical structure. In the above technical scheme, the ends of the outer coaxial dielectric and the inner coaxial dielectric form a horn structure, the opening at one end of the horn structure is the same as the size of the coaxial dielectric cavity, and the opening at the other end of the horn structure is the same as the distance from the outer cylinder to the coaxial inner conductor. In the above technical solution, one of the dielectrics has an axial length of L1The wavelength of the microwave generated by the device and propagated in the medium is lambda1Then, the following conditions are satisfied:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,n1is an odd number.
In the above technical solution, the axial length of the other dielectric is L2The wavelength of the microwave generated by the device and propagated in the medium is lambda2Then, the following conditions are satisfied:
wherein n is2Is an odd number.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the high-power microwave device adopts coaxial dielectrics, the coaxial dielectrics are two types of dielectrics which are periodically and alternately filled between the inner wall of the outer cylinder and the coaxial inner conductor, and the dielectric coefficients of the two types of dielectrics are different. The device generates high power microwaves, and the axial length of the coaxial dielectric is about an odd multiple of one-half the wavelength of the high power microwaves. The cross arrangement design of the two dielectric media of the outer coaxial dielectric medium and the inner coaxial dielectric medium makes the microwave totally reflect in the transmission medium, thereby enhancing the cluster of electron beams and improving the conversion efficiency of the beam waves.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a periodic dielectric filled coaxial high power microwave device of the present invention. Wherein: 1. the cathode, 2, the outer cylinder, 3, the metal circular waveguide, 4, a dielectric medium with a smaller dielectric constant in the coaxial dielectric waveguide, 5, a dielectric medium with a larger dielectric constant in the coaxial dielectric waveguide, 6, the annular high current electron beam, 7 and the metal coaxial inner conductor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
A periodic dielectric filled coaxial high power microwave device as shown in figure 1 comprises an outer cylinder in which a cathode and a coaxial inner conductor are arranged, the coaxial inner conductor is in the axial direction of the outer cylinder and coaxial with the cathode. The cathode is generally made of graphite material, and is exploded and emitted by the electric field force between the cathode and the anode to generate annular high-current electron beams. Under the guidance of a magnetic field, the annular high-current electron beam is axially transmitted in a vacuum chamber formed by coaxial dielectrics, and the selection of voltage and beam intensity needs to comprehensively consider the structural form of a device so as to carry out optimization design. The metal outer cylinder and the coaxial metal inner conductor are generally made of nonmagnetic stainless steel or oxygen-free copper materials.
Two coaxial dielectrics with different dielectric coefficients are periodically filled between the inner wall of the outer cylinder and the coaxial inner conductor, and the coaxial dielectrics are supported by the outer cylinder. The axial length of the dielectric is about an odd half of the wavelength at which the device generates microwaves for propagation in the dielectric. One of the dielectrics has a relatively small dielectric constant of the two dielectrics, and the dielectric has an axial length L1The wavelength of the microwave generated by the device and propagated in the medium is lambda1Then, the following conditions are satisfied:
the specific axial length needs to comprehensively consider the overall structure size of the device, and then the optimal design is carried out. The dielectric constant of the other dielectric is relatively large in the two dielectrics, the axial length of which is L2The wavelength of the microwave generated by the device and propagated in the medium is lambda2Then, the following conditions are satisfied:
the specific axial length needs to comprehensively consider the overall structure size of the device, and then the optimal design is carried out. In the formula n1，n2Are all natural numbers.
The coaxial dielectric has a coaxial dielectric cavity of annular configuration extending in the axial direction of the outer barrel, so that the coaxial dielectric cavity divides the coaxial dielectric into two parts for the coaxial dielectric cavity. One part is an outer coaxial dielectric (namely, an outer waveguide) between the outer diameter of the coaxial dielectric cavity and the outer cylinder, and the other part is an inner coaxial dielectric (namely, an inner waveguide) between the inner diameter of the coaxial dielectric cavity and the coaxial metal inner conductor. The staggered arrangement mode of the two dielectrics of the outer waveguide and the inner waveguide is the same, the positions of the two dielectrics in the inner waveguide and the outer waveguide correspond to each other one by one, and the axial lengths of the two dielectrics in the inner waveguide and the outer waveguide are the same.
One end of the coaxial dielectric cavity is a starting end, the starting end is a metal cylinder with the same diameter, and a metal plate (namely a metal circular waveguide) vertically connected with the outer cylinder is arranged and usually made of nonmagnetic stainless steel or oxygen-free copper material. The metal plate is supported by the coaxial inner conductor, and the coaxial inner conductor is connected with the outer barrel through the supporting rod and forms equipotential with the outer barrel. The metal plate is provided with an annular injection port for guiding a high-current electron beam to enter the coaxial dielectric cavity, and the diameter of the annular injection port is the same as the diameter of the coaxial dielectric cavity.
The other end of the coaxial dielectric cavity is a tail end, the tail end is a conical structure, the diameter of the conical structure is increased along the axial direction of the outer cylinder, a horn structure is formed between the tail ends of the outer coaxial dielectric and the inner coaxial dielectric, and the diameter of the horn structure is increased along the axial direction of the outer cylinder, namely the tail end of the coaxial dielectric cavity is the horn structure. Specifically, the opening at one end of the horn structure is the same as the coaxial dielectric cavity in size, and the opening at the other end of the horn structure is the same as the distance between the outer cylinder and the coaxial inner conductor in size, namely the coaxial dielectric cavity is consistent with the inner diameter of the coaxial metal circular waveguide through conical distribution.
Example one
The cathode in the device is prepared from graphite materials, an annular high-current electron beam is generated by explosion emission under the action of electric field force between the cathode and the anode, and the inner diameter of the graphite cathode is 1.5cm, and the outer diameter of the graphite cathode is 1.6 cm. The annular high current electron beam enters the coaxial dielectric cavity through the annular injection port to be transmitted under the guidance of a magnetic field, the guidance magnetic field intensity of the electron beam is 0.8T, the voltage is 400kV, and the current is 2 kA. The inner diameter of the metal outer cylinder is 2.6cm, two dielectrics with different dielectric coefficients are periodically filled in the inner wall of the metal outer cylinder and the coaxial inner conductor, and the structural parameters and the arrangement mode of the coaxial dielectrics filled in the inner wall of the metal outer cylinder and the outer wall of the coaxial inner conductor are completely consistent. Wherein a dielectric medium has a dielectric constant of 2.5, and a half of the propagation wavelength of a microwave with a wavelength of 3.3cm in vacuum in the medium is 1.0 cm; the dielectric constant of the other dielectric medium is 9, the half of the propagation wavelength of the microwave with the wavelength of 3.3cm in vacuum in the dielectric medium is 0.55cm, all the structural parameters of the device are comprehensively considered in the example, and the axial length of one dielectric medium is optimally designed to be 3.25 cm; the axial length of the other dielectric is 1.72 cm.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A periodic dielectric filling coaxial high-power microwave device comprises an outer cylinder, wherein a cathode and a coaxial inner conductor arranged in the axial direction of the outer cylinder are arranged in the outer cylinder, and the cathode is coaxial with the coaxial inner conductor;
wherein one dielectric has an axial length of L1The wavelength of the microwave generated by the device and propagated in the medium is lambda1Then, the following conditions are satisfied:
wherein n is1Is odd;
another dielectric medium having an axial length L2The wavelength of the microwave generated by the device and propagated in the medium is lambda2Then, the following conditions are satisfied:
wherein n is2Is an odd number.
2. A periodic dielectric filled coaxial high power microwave device according to claim 1, characterized in that the two dielectrics are periodically and alternately filled in the direction of the device axis.
3. A periodic dielectric filled coaxial high power microwave device according to claim 1 characterized in that the coaxial dielectric cavity is a vacuum cavity.
4. The microwave device according to claim 1, wherein the coaxial dielectric cavity is provided with a metal plate vertically connected to the outer cylinder near one end of the cathode, and the metal plate is provided with a ring-shaped injection port for guiding the high current electron beam into the coaxial dielectric cavity.
5. A periodic dielectric filled coaxial high power microwave device according to claim 4, characterized in that the aperture size of the annular injection port is the same size as the coaxial dielectric cavity.
6. A periodic dielectric filled coaxial high power microwave device according to claim 1, characterized in that the other end of the coaxial dielectric is the end of a conical structure.
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| CN109935945B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2021-06-08 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Coaxial medium filled short pulse high-power microwave device |
| CN110706990B (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2021-10-29 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Waveguide inner filling metal grid array type C-band virtual cathode oscillator |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8179045B2 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2012-05-15 | Teledyne Wireless, Llc | Slow wave structure having offset projections comprised of a metal-dielectric composite stack |
| CN103516327A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-15 | 西北核技术研究所 | High-power coaxial structure over-mode surface wave oscillator and terahertz wave generating method |
| CN205881867U (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2017-01-11 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | High -efficient heavy microwave device of downfield high power frequently |
| CN206834306U (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2018-01-02 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of High-Power Microwave controllable multi-frequency dielectric media phase shift type mode converter |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8179045B2 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2012-05-15 | Teledyne Wireless, Llc | Slow wave structure having offset projections comprised of a metal-dielectric composite stack |
| CN103516327A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-15 | 西北核技术研究所 | High-power coaxial structure over-mode surface wave oscillator and terahertz wave generating method |
| CN205881867U (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2017-01-11 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | High -efficient heavy microwave device of downfield high power frequently |
| CN206834306U (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2018-01-02 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of High-Power Microwave controllable multi-frequency dielectric media phase shift type mode converter |
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