CN113683631B - 一种有机硼酸类葡萄糖探针及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种有机硼酸类葡萄糖探针及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113683631B CN113683631B CN202010427803.0A CN202010427803A CN113683631B CN 113683631 B CN113683631 B CN 113683631B CN 202010427803 A CN202010427803 A CN 202010427803A CN 113683631 B CN113683631 B CN 113683631B
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化学传感器技术领域,具体提供一种有机硼酸类葡萄糖荧光探针及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
D-葡萄糖(D-glucose),是自然界中分布最广泛并且极其重要的一种单糖。在生物学领域,葡萄糖是活细胞主要的能量来源和新陈代谢的中间产物。中枢神经系统的能量来源全部依赖血糖的供应。D-葡萄糖能够增强记忆,促进钙的吸收和增加细胞之间的物质交换。血液中的葡萄糖含量过高,会导致肥胖和糖尿病,太少会导致低血糖及胰岛素休克。D-葡萄糖对脑部生长发育和功能发挥着至关重要的作用,研究发现,患有阿尔兹海默症的病人脑部的葡萄糖浓度比其他病症的含量更低,会导致中风或其他脑血管疾病。因此,方便快捷的检测葡萄糖浓度,示踪葡萄糖的摄取对于疾病的诊断和治疗至关重要。
在葡萄糖含量检测领域,临床上主要使用基于酶型的葡萄糖传感器。利用葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)对葡萄糖的专一性和高效性,科学家们建立了酶型葡萄糖传感器。但是酶本身易受温度、pH等环境因素的影响而失活,导致酶型传感器重复性差、灵敏度低、稳定性差,使得酶型葡萄糖传感器在实际应用中受到一定程度的限制。
在示踪葡萄糖摄取领域,人们通过在葡萄糖分子上修饰放射性元素或者荧光基团,开发了一系列葡萄糖类似物探针。最著名的就是被誉为“世纪分子”的氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)。18F-FDG是科学家将正电子核素18F标记在葡萄糖上被PET探测并形成影像。由于脑组织几乎完全依赖葡萄糖作为能量供体,18F-FDG可准确反映体内器官和组织的葡萄糖代谢分子,因此是目前PET-CT显像的主要显像剂。比如,将代表脑组织糖代谢水平的18F-FDG为显像剂,通过治疗前后的18F-FDG影像对比分析,可以观察缺血半暗带区脑细胞的恢复情况,从而判断预后功能恢复。18F-FDG等葡萄糖类似物探针,其主要功能为示踪葡萄糖的吸收路径并反映细胞对葡萄糖摄取的强弱。葡萄糖类似物探针本身对葡萄糖的摄取起到了干扰作用,并且修饰基团改变了的葡萄糖某些化学性质,比如空间构型、分子大小等性质,导致了在示踪葡萄糖摄取过程时产生不同程度的偏差。同时其设计原理导致葡萄糖类似物探针不能实时灵敏的反映葡萄糖浓度的变化。
有机硼酸化合物能够与1,2-二羟基化合物或1,3-二羟基化合物在水溶液中可逆性地共价结合,形成五元或六元环状酯。糖环结构中的顺式邻二羟基与硼酸的结合能力比简单链状邻二羟基化合物(如乙二醇)更强,因此硼酸可以作为糖探针的选择性探针。
1992年,Czamik等人首次报道了有机硼酸化合物探针1与糖结合后导致荧光强度的改变,引起了广泛的关注。James首次设计了探针2,通过改变了硼酸的键合位置,引入了氨基为硼酸与荧光基团之间提供了富电子中心,有利于分子内进行光诱导电子转移(PET)过程,此研究促使新型有机硼酸化合物传感器的开发并成为研究的热点。Tsukagoshi和Shinkai在1991年报道了第一篇非手性的双硼酸化合物探针3。此化合物通过与糖结合后产生圆二色谱的变化首次实现了对葡萄糖的选择性远高于果糖,但是由于探针3结构中没有荧光团,在可见光区没有吸收,因此不是一个高性能的光学传感器。
有机硼酸化合物可以与糖类物质特异性结合而作为识别糖的特异性分子探针,已经被广泛应用于糖类物质的检测。寻找高选择性的探针,对实现葡萄糖的荧光分子成像,从分子水平上观察细胞生理及病理的变化,以及对肿瘤,神经精神类疾病等相关疾病的早期诊断、机理研究、治疗有效性判断、新药研发等领域具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的技术任务是针对现有硼酸类荧光探针水溶性低、选择性和灵敏度差的不足,提供一种具有制备简便且良好光学活性的有机硼酸类葡萄糖荧光探针。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
本发明以蒽环为母核,制备得到具有良好水溶性、灵敏度和选择性的具有结构式(Ⅰ)的有机硼酸类葡萄糖荧光探针:
其中:
R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11和R12各自独立选自氢、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C3-C20异烃基、聚合物、近红外荧光基团、吸电子基团和供电子基团;
L1、L2和L3各自独立选自化学单键、氨基、-O-、-CH2C6H4O-、-C2-C20PEG连接链、-C6-C10芳基、-C5-C10异芳基、-C1-C6亚烷基-Ar-、-C2-C6亚烯基-Ar-、-C(O)NH-C1-C6亚烷基-Ar-、-C1-C6亚烃基-C(O)NH-C1-C6亚烃基-Ar-、-(CH2CH2O)n-、-C1-C10烷基、-C2-C10烯基、-C2-C10炔基、-C2-C20异烃基,其中n是1到10之间的一个整数,Ar为C6-C10亚芳基或含杂原子取代的C5-C10亚芳基。
作为优选,所述吸电子基团选自C(O)R13、COOR13、C(O)NH2、NHC(O)R13、C(O)NR13R14、CF3、CN、SO3H、SO2CF3、SO2R13、SO2NR13R14、铵、乙酰基、羧基、卤素、烷基铵和NO2,其中R13和R14各自独立选自H或C1-C6烷基。
作为优选,所述供电子基团选自NR15R16、OR15、NHC(O)R15、OC(O)R15、巯基、羟基、苯基和乙烯基,其中R15和R16各自独立选自H或C1-C6烷基。
作为优选,所述聚合物选自-NH(CO)C(R)CH2-、-O(C)C(R)CH2-和-CHCH2-,其中R选自H或C1-C3烷基。
所述近红外荧光基团选自半花菁、芴、恶嗪、菲啰啶、罗丹明、苯基吨氯化物、吲哚、喹啉、二苯并恶嗪、安息香、双吲哚马来酰亚胺、硼-二吡咯亚甲基、氮杂二吡咯烷硼、碳派洛、苝、卟啉、钌络合物、镧系配合物、苯并黄素、蒽、荧光素、角鲨烯、香豆素、安塔辛、并四苯、并五苯和芘染料及其衍生物时,均可提升本发明荧光探针的荧光量子产率、生物相容性、选择性以及灵敏度等性能。
作为优选,所述近红外荧光基团为:
其中:R17和R18各自独立选自C1-C10烷基,或者含有一个或多个磺基或羧酸基取代的C1-C10烷基,波浪线表示与L3的连接点;
其中:R19选自H、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基或C2-C20杂烷基;波浪线表示与L3的连接点;
其中:R20、R21、R22、R23各自独立选自H、C1-C6烷基;
Y1选自O、P(O)R24、SiR24R25、NR24,其中R24和R25各自独立选自H或C1-C6烷基,特别是优选为SiMe2,或其它与SiMe2结构类似的基团;
波浪线表示与L3的连接点。
L1、L2和L3均为连接臂。
作为优选,L1、L2选自C1-C10烷基。
本发明优选以蒽环作为分子设计母核,引入水溶性基团(氰基)制备出上述有机硼酸类葡萄糖荧光探针,包含有机硼酸类葡萄糖探针的消旋体及其混合物、光学异构体、非对应异构体及其盐、溶剂合物或纳米化修饰纳米颗粒,均能够实现对葡萄糖的选择性识别传感。
所述的纳米化修饰纳米颗粒,可以通过使用传统脂质体、两亲性材料、DEPE-PEG、以及环糊精、冠醚、杯芳烃等大环结构通过共价键、静电力、物理包裹以及自组装等对有机硼酸类葡萄糖探针分子进行修饰,形成识别葡萄糖等糖类物质的纳米探针,提高化学探针本身的物理化学性质。
本发明有机硼酸类探针可以与无机化合物、有机化合物、金属化合物、量子点、两亲性化合物、纳米材料等任意组合,构建针对葡萄糖等糖类物质的传感识别系统。
本发明硼酸探针包括通过共价键、静电力、物理包裹等连接到固体基质中所组成识别葡萄糖等糖类的传感系统。所述固体基质包括天然或者有机合成的高分子聚合物和无机基底玻璃和陶瓷灯以及金属表层。
本发明硼酸探针包括通过共价键、静电力、物理包裹等连接到水凝胶中,制备葡萄糖敏感的水凝胶。其是利用葡萄糖等糖类物质使葡萄糖敏感水凝胶的网络结构发生变化,从而将水凝胶包裹的药物或功能基团释放,构建具有糖响应的智能载体,从而能够有效提高药物的生物利用度,降低毒副作用。
本发明硼酸探针还可以利用传统单光子吸收、双光子吸收、多光子吸收以及在可见光和近红外区发射的特点,增加穿透深度和成像深度,从而获得更高成像效果。
本发明有机硼酸类葡萄糖探针是基于有机硼酸化合物可以与糖类物质中的邻二醇结构生成特异性的环状硼酸酯,使探针本身的物理化学性质发生变化,该物理化学变化可以产生荧光、紫外吸收、磷光、拉曼、可见光和非可见光、以及电信号等的改变,利用识别过程中产生相应的物理或化学性质的变化,通过检测探针分子的荧光、紫外吸收、磷光、拉曼、光声、可见光以及非可见光等信号变化,对待测样品中葡萄糖等糖类物质进行定性和定量,应用于葡萄糖等糖类物质的特异性识别、标记、固载、传感、富集、分离、分析、检测和成像,可应用于开展活细胞染色,葡萄糖示踪,脑组织成像,肿瘤组织标记和硼中子俘获治疗等医学研究应用。
本发明所述糖类物质包括各种单糖、双糖、多糖、糖蛋白以及分子中含有糖结构或者经过化学修饰后含有糖结构的生物分子。所述待测样品包括细菌、活细胞和组织、生物样品、环境样品等,如细胞裂解液、血清、血浆、脑脊液、尿液以及其他生物样品、生物组分的提取液以及自然环境中的不同的样品。
特别是,本发明有机硼酸类探针可以识别肿瘤细胞细胞膜上的寡糖,通过利用细胞、细菌等结构糖蛋白结构中寡糖的不同,进行细菌、细胞和组织等进行分离,鉴别,以及荧光标记,为肿瘤患者的筛查,诊断,预后诊断及术后治愈状况进行科学依据。还可以利用小动物活体成像、拉曼成像、核磁成像、可见光或非可见光成像、光声成像等成像仪器对细胞,组织,器官以及活体内葡萄糖等糖类物质进行定性和定量,同时可以实时反映其葡萄糖水平高低,对研究代谢类疾病以及医学探究提供一个极佳的荧光探针工具。
本发明探针以9,10-二甲基蒽为原料,经溴化反应、甲胺的取代反应生成含有胺基的中间体化合物,然后与含有水溶性基团(如氰基)的有机硼酸类配体发生取代反应生成,下面以一种基于蒽环的二硼酸化合物为例,说明该类有机硼酸化合物的部分合成路线及制备方法。
试剂:(i)2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇,甲苯,Dean-Stark蒸馏器;
(ii)N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS),偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN),四氯化碳;
(iii)N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS),过氧化苯甲酰,四氯化碳;
(iv)甲胺;
(v)碳酸钾,碘化钾,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)。
合成路线为:
步骤i以(4-氰基-2-甲基苯基)硼酸(化合A1)和2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇为起始原料在甲苯溶剂中发生酯化反应,得到化合物A2;
步骤ii以化合物A2与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺为原料发生溴代反应得到中间体化合物A3;
步骤iii以9,10-二甲基蒽(化合B1)与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺发生溴代反应得到9,10-双(溴甲基)蒽(化合B2);
步骤iv以化合物B2和甲胺为原料发生取代反应得到化合物B3;
步骤v以化合物B3与中间体化合物A3发生取代反应生成目标化合物DBA-1。
具体制备方法根据化合物的用途和使用环境结合本领域的先进技术和手段进行合理分子设计。本领域研究人员可通过合理的药物设计引入不同结构、不同长度的骨架或者取代基,从而提高化合物对葡萄糖的选择性和亲和力。也可以通过优化合成路线,如调整选择反应物、反应溶剂、反应温度、反应时间等从而提高产物的纯度和产率。
通过汇总现有技术有机硼酸类葡萄糖探针的关键数据(见下表,包含葡萄糖结合常数、定量范围、检测限、荧光变化和溶剂),可以看出本发明的有机硼酸类葡萄糖探针具有以下突出的有益效果:
(一)通过对比探针的溶剂环境,可以发现本发明有机硼酸类葡萄糖探针通过在二硼酸化合物上引入水溶性基团(氰基),极大地提高荧光探针的水溶性,使探针可以在水溶液环境中对葡萄糖等糖类物质进行定性和定量检测,使待测样品和实验对象的适用性大大升高,因为大部分的待测样品和实际应用是在水环境中进行的,比如环境样品,食物样品,生物样品(细胞组织裂解液,血清,尿液等体液)以及细胞,组织,活体成像,因此水溶性是良好探针的第一要素;
(二)通过对比探针的葡萄糖结合常数,可以发现本发明有机硼酸类葡萄糖探针在PBS水溶液中依然保持着较强的葡萄糖结合力;
(三)通过对比现有的有机硼酸类探针的定量范围,检测线和荧光变化(F/F0),可以发现引入吸电子基团(氰基)后,该氰基修饰探针对葡萄糖的定量范围最宽,探针的检测限最低,探针的灵敏度最高(荧光变化最大),可以实现对葡萄糖特异性高灵敏度的识别传感。简言之本发明有机硼酸类葡萄糖探针具有最优的定量范围,检测限以及灵敏度(荧光变化F/F0);
(四)本发明有机硼酸类探针合成原料易得,制备简便,易大量合成,具有一定的经济价值。
附图说明
图1是探针PDBA与不同浓度葡萄糖结合后的荧光变化(33%甲醇/PBS溶液);
图2是探针DBA-1与不同浓度葡萄糖结合后的荧光变化(PBS溶液);
图3是探针DBA-2与不同浓度葡萄糖结合后的荧光变化(PBS溶液);
图4是探针DBA-3与不同浓度葡萄糖结合后的荧光变化(PBS溶液);
图5是探针PDBA与不同糖类化合物(葡萄糖、果糖、核糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖胺、乳糖、蔗糖)在不同浓度梯度下与荧光强度的关系图(33%甲醇/PBS溶液);
图6是探针DBA-1与不同糖类化合物(葡萄糖、果糖、核糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖胺、乳糖、蔗糖)在不同浓度梯度下与荧光强度的关系图(PBS溶液);
图7是探针DBA-2与不同糖类化合物(葡萄糖、果糖、核糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖胺、乳糖、蔗糖)在不同浓度梯度下与荧光强度的关系图(PBS溶液);
图8是探针DBA-3与不同糖类化合物(葡萄糖、果糖、核糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖胺、乳糖、蔗糖)在不同浓度梯度下与荧光强度的关系图(PBS溶液);
图9为有机硼酸类探针DBA-1与Hela细胞37℃孵育15min后激光共聚焦显微成像照片,其中,(A)为探针与Hela细胞37℃孵育15min后的明场照片,(B)为探针与Hela细胞37℃孵育15min后的荧光成像照片,(C)为(A)和(B)的叠加图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例,对本发明的有机硼酸类葡萄糖荧光探针及其应用作进一步详细说明。各实施案例探针分别命名为DBA-1,DBA-2和DBA-3,其结构式如下:
如无特别说明,下述所用各成分的含量为质量百分比含量。
【实施例1】化合物DBA-1合成
合成路线:
合成步骤:
1)化合物A2的合成:
(4-氰基-2-甲基苯基)硼酸(化合物A1,5.00g,31.06mmol)和2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇(3.88g,37.27mmol)置于圆底烧瓶中,溶于甲苯(200mL)中。然后将混合物在Dean-Stark条件下回流20h,然后减压除去溶剂,将混合物溶解在二氯甲烷中。然后,以二氯甲烷为洗脱剂,使用快速柱层析纯化,得到油状化合物(化合物A2,6.76g,95.2%)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.79(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.40(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.78(s,4H),2.52(s,3H),1.04(s,6H).
2)化合物A3的合成:
化合物A2(6.76g,29.51mmol)溶于四氯化碳(150mL)中,加入N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(5.52g,30.99mmol)和AIBN(0.13g,0.79mmol)。将混合物搅拌并回流加热16h。待溶液冷却至室温,然后过滤。溶剂真空干燥,得到油状化合物(化合物A3,8.96g,98.5%)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.85(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.58(d,J=1.1Hz,1H),7.50–7.47(m,1H),4.83(s,2H),3.78(s,4H),1.03(s,6H).
3)化合物B2的合成:
取250ml三颈烧瓶,加入9,10-二甲基蒽(化合物B1,1.13g,5.48mmol),N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(2.16g,12.12mmol),过氧化苯甲酰(20mg,82.4μmol),20mL氯仿,40mL四氯化碳,回流1.8h。然后,真空干燥除去反应溶剂,加入50mL甲醇。混合体系搅拌10分钟,过滤,然后用5mL甲醇进行洗涤。将固体粉末进行减压干燥,得黄色固体粉末(化合物B2,1.7916g,89.98%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.50(dd,J=6.9,3.3Hz,4H),7.73(dd,J=6.9,3.2Hz,4H),5.81(s,4H).
4)化合物B3的合成:
将9,10-双(溴甲基)蒽(化合物B2,1.65mg,4.53mmol)、16.58mL(135.9mmol)的2M甲胺甲醇溶液和80mL的氯仿在室温下搅拌4h。反应体系在1h后变为澄清。真空干燥除去反应溶剂,用甲醇/三氯甲烷洗脱硅胶柱色谱法纯化残渣,得黄色固体粉末(化合物B3,0.6899g,57%)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.39(dd,J=6.9,3.3Hz,4H),7.54(dd,J=6.9,3.2Hz,4H),4.69(s,4H),2.68(s,6H).
5)化合物DBA-1的合成:
将化合物B3(600mg,2.26mmol),3-(溴甲基)-4-(5,5-二甲基-1,3,2-二恶硼-2-基)苯腈(化合物A3,1.92g,6.78mmol),碳酸钾(470mg,3.4mmol),KI(74mg,0.44mmol)溶于15.0mL DMF中,反应体系在室温下搅拌16h。反应混合物用40mL氯仿稀释,用水洗两次,用饱和氯化钠水洗,干燥。然后将固体溶解在甲醇中,加入水搅拌,直到形成淡黄色的沉淀,过滤,用二氯甲烷-乙醚混合液洗涤,得黄色固体粉末(化合物DBA-1,410.6mg,31%)。1H NMR(400MHz,Methanol-d4)δ8.39(d,J=7.9Hz,4H),7.76(d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.70–7.60(m,8H),5.18(s,4H),4.45(s,4H),2.47(s,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,Methanol-d4)δ134.42,132.86,131.24,130.67,126.82,124.68,118.67,109.85,61.73,49.63,39.38.
【实施例2】化合物DBA-2合成:
合成路线:
步骤:
1)化合物C2的合成:
取氯化铝(870mg,6.52mmol)、9,10-二甲基蒽(化合物B1,930mg,4.50mmol)、干燥的乙酰氯(0.5mL,7.03mmol)加入40mL二硫化碳反应体系中。在室温下搅拌一夜后,混合物在45℃的油浴上加热2小时。加碎冰15mL,氯化氢0.8mL。该混合物用40mL氯仿萃取,用水冲洗,在无水硫酸钠上干燥。氯仿溶液蒸发,用氯仿洗脱硅胶柱色谱纯化,得化合物C2(760mg,得率67%)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ9.00(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),8.37–8.31(m,3H),8.00(dd,J=9.2,1.8Hz,1H),7.61–7.54(m,2H),3.17(s,3H),3.08(s,3H),2.79(s,3H).
2)化合物C3的合成:
将2-乙酰9,10-二甲基蒽(化合物C2,536mg,2.16mmol)溶于12.5mL二氧六环中。向搅拌的反应体系中加入5.0mL的10-13%次氯酸钠和3.5mL的6.7%(w/v)氢氧化钠溶液。混反应体系85℃下反应8h。冷却至室温,加入5mL水,用盐酸酸化。形成的沉淀物过滤,用少量的水洗涤,真空干燥12h,得到了含有少量无机盐的黄色粉末470mg(化合物C3)。直接用于下一步反应,无需进一步的纯化。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ9.00(s,1H),8.39–8.29(m,3H),8.00(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.57(s,2H),3.16(s,3H),3.08(s,3H),2.79(s,3H).
3)化合物C4的合成:
取250mL三颈圆底烧瓶,加入化合物C3(150mg,0.60mmol)、80mL的无水甲醇、0.2mL的硫酸混合回流20h。然后,经减压干燥浓缩至10mL左右,用50mL氯仿稀释。用5%碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤2次,饱和氯化钠水溶液,真空干燥,得黄色固体粉末(化合物C4,125mg,78%)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ9.15(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),8.34(dd,J=9.0,7.0Hz,3H),8.01(dd,J=9.2,1.5Hz,1H),7.57(td,J=6.2,5.6,2.6Hz,2H),4.03(s,3H),3.16(s,3H),3.08(s,3H).
4)化合物C5的合成:
取化合物C4(360mg,1.36mmol),N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(540mg,3.03mmol),过氧化苯酰(5.0mg,20.6μmol),4mL氯仿,10mL四氯化碳回流1.8h。通过真空干燥除去溶剂,加入10mL甲醇。搅拌10分钟,用2ml甲醇对固体进行过滤和洗涤。减压干燥得黄色固体粉末(化合物C5,410mg,71%)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ9.16(s,1H),8.40(t,J=9.0Hz,3H),8.20(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.78–7.69(m,2H),5.53(d,J=26.3Hz,4H),4.05(s,3H).
5)化合物C6的合成:
将化合物C5(100mg,0.118mmol),4.0mL(2mmol)2M甲胺甲醇溶液和20mL氯仿在室温下搅拌4h。反应体系在1h变澄清。真空干燥除去反应溶剂,用甲醇/氯仿做洗脱剂进行快速柱层析的黄色固体粉末(化合物C6,40mg,52%)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ9.19(s,1H),8.41(dt,J=9.8,5.4Hz,3H),8.05(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.59(p,J=5.9Hz,2H),4.71(d,J=26.0Hz,4H),4.02(s,3H),2.68(d,J=5.8Hz,6H).
6)化合物DBA-2的合成:
取化合物C6(200mg,0.62mmol)、化合物A3(790mg,2.81mmol)、3.0mLDMF和0.35mL(2.01mmol)DIEA。反应混合物用40mL氯仿稀释,用水冲洗两遍,用饱和氯化钠水洗干。真空干燥后,用甲醇/氯仿作洗脱剂进行快速柱层析纯化,得黄色固体粉末(化合物DBA-2,180mg,45%)。1H NMR(400MHz,Methanol-d4)δ9.11(s,1H),8.43(dt,J=14.8,8.2Hz,3H),8.10(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),7.76–7.54(m,8H),5.15(s,4H),4.42(s,2H),4.18(s,2H),4.05(s,3H),2.48(d,J=10.6Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,Methanol-d4)δ166.72,134.49,132.99,132.51,132.25,132.04,131.65,130.72,130.39,127.96,127.66,125.39,125.30,124.90,124.72,118.62,118.59,61.73,61.44,51.81,40.80,39.38.
【实施例3】化合物DBA-3合成
合成路线:
步骤:
化合物DBA-3的合成:
取化合物DBA-2(154mg,0.26mmol)溶于4mL甲醇中,加入1.5mL 3N氢氧化钠水溶液。反应体系在70℃下反应5h。用阳离子交换树脂对其碱性处理。溶液真空干燥,得黄色固体粉(DBA-3,120mg,80%)。1H NMR(400MHz,Methanol-d4)δ9.07(s,1H),8.50(dd,J=19.9,16.5Hz,3H),8.20(s,1H),7.94–7.59(m,8H),5.41(s,4H),4.64(s,4H),2.66(s,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,Methanol-d4)δ134.89,134.85,133.53,132.51,131.75,131.13,131.03,128.16,128.02,127.47,125.74,125.21,124.71,118.27,118.21.
【实验例1】荧光增敏实验:
已报道探针PDBA来源于Shankai课题组(J.Am.Chem.Soc 1995,117,
8982-8987.),该探针存在水溶性差的缺点,致使探针PDBA无法溶于PBS缓冲液中,因此参照文献操作使用33.3%MeOH/PBS缓冲溶的体系作对照试验,同时该探针存在检测范围窄(0.3-1M)等缺点。
本发明通过分子修饰引入水溶性基团(氰基),成功将探针溶于PBS缓冲溶,因此将实施例1、2、3所得有机硼酸化合物DBA-1、DBA-2、DBA-3溶于0.01mol/L的PBS缓冲溶(pH7.4)于中,配置浓度为2×105mol/L的母液。然后,使用0.01mol/L的PBS缓冲溶(pH 7.4)配置不同浓度梯度的葡萄糖溶液,包括0.4M,0.2M,0.1M,0.5×10-1M,0.25×10-1M,1.25×10- 2M,6.25×10-3M,3.12×10-3M,7.81×10-4M,3.91×10-4M,1.53×10-4M,9.76×10-5M,4.88×10-5M,2.44×10-5,1.22×10-5,6.10×10-6,3.05×10-6,1.22×10-6。取探针母液与不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液1:1混合,确定最优的激发波长,然后测定荧光发射谱图。探针PDBA、DBA-1、DBA-2、DBA-3与不同浓度葡萄糖的荧光发射谱如图1、图2、图3和图4所示。
由图1、图2、图3和图4可推算出探针PDBA、DBA-1、DBA-2、DBA-3的葡萄糖的定量范围分别为0.3M-1M,0.0125M-100M,0.0125M-100M,0.0125M-100M,实验结果表明本发明探针DBA-1、DBA-2、DBA-3的定量范围明显优于已报道探针PDBA。
【实验例2】荧光选择性实验:
参照文献操作(J.Am.Chem.Soc 1995,117,8982-8987.),使用33.3%MeOH/PBS缓冲液作为探针PDBA对照试验的测试环境,同时分别将实施例1、2、3所得有机硼酸化合物DBA-1、DBA-2、DBA-3溶于0.01mol/L的PBS缓冲溶(pH 7.4)于中,配置浓度为2×105mol/L的母液。按照实验例2中配置不同浓度葡萄糖的方法配置其他糖类化合物的梯度溶液,其他糖类化合物包括果糖、核糖、半乳糖、麦芽糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖胺、乳糖和蔗糖。取探针母液与不同浓度的糖类化合物溶液1:1混合,确定最优的激发波长,然后测定荧光发射谱图。有机硼酸化合物PDBA、DBA-1、DBA-2、DBA-3与不同浓度糖类物质的荧光强度与糖类化合物不同浓度关系如图5、图6、图7和图8所示。
由图5、图6、图7和图8可计算出探针PDBA、DBA-1、DBA-2、DBA-3的荧光变化值(F/F0)分别为14.6倍,20.2倍,52.1倍,9.7倍,其中DBA-1和DBA-2荧光变化值(F/F0)明显高于已报道探针PDBA,表明探针DBA-1和DBA-2的葡萄糖检测灵敏度明显高于已报道探针PDBA。由图可知,以看出本发明有机硼酸DBA-1、DBA-2、DBA-3经过氰基修饰后,不仅增加了水溶性,而且在水溶液测试体系中依然保持了对葡萄糖的高选择性和灵敏度。
【实验例3】有机硼酸类葡萄糖探针DBA-1的细胞成像:
有机硼酸类葡萄糖探针DBA-1在Hela细胞内成像试验,检测该探针是否具备在生物体内成像的能力。具体步骤如下:步骤1将Hela细胞经过复苏接种于含10%胎牛血清的高糖DMEM培养基中,在37℃、5%CO2、100%饱和湿度的培养基中培养24h,待用;步骤2将Hela细胞接种于玻璃基底的培养基中,在37℃条件下向培养基中加入本发明探针DBA-1(10μM)孵育15min,然后用PBS缓冲溶液(pH7.4)冲洗3遍。在激发波长为405nm下观察探针在Hela细胞内的荧光分布情况。图9为有机硼酸类探针DBA-1与Hela细胞在37℃孵育15min后激光共聚焦显微成像照片,其中,(A)为探针与Hela细胞37℃孵育15min后的明场照片,(B)为探针与Hela细胞37℃孵育15min后的荧光成像照片,(C)为(A)和(B)的叠加图。从图9中可以看出本发明有机硼酸类荧光探针DBA-1可以通过细胞膜,并呈现出强烈的荧光信号。实验结果表明,本发明有机硼酸探针DBA-1有很好的细胞膜渗透性,在细胞内呈现较强的荧光,可用于开展活细胞层面的葡萄糖荧光成像研究。
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