CN113651024A - 一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113651024A
CN113651024A CN202110864950.9A CN202110864950A CN113651024A CN 113651024 A CN113651024 A CN 113651024A CN 202110864950 A CN202110864950 A CN 202110864950A CN 113651024 A CN113651024 A CN 113651024A
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范连军
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Shanghai Dongai Industrial Belt Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带，该输送带由生物可降解塑料涂层和生物可降解纤维编织基布复合而成，生物可降解塑料涂层包括表面涂覆层和中间贴合层；生物可降解纤维编织基布包括底层基布层和中间基布层；该输送带依次包括底层基布层、中间贴合层、中间基布层及表面涂覆层。发明通过采用完全生物可降解的纤维基布和涂覆层材料，无论是输送带加工边角料还是使用完废弃的输送带均可通过堆肥处理完全降解为二氧化碳和水，更好的保护环境，做到绿色可持续发展。针对输送带较厚，降解难度增加的问题，采用分层机分层和粉碎机粉碎的方法进行预处理，可在工业堆肥中加速降解，提高处理能力。

Description

一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于输送带技术领域，具体涉及一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带及其制备方法。
背景技术
在轻型输送带的加工生产中会产生大量的边角料，同样的，使用完废弃的输送带数量也非常多，由于输送带大多采用钢丝或纤维基布、胶黏剂、塑料树脂或橡胶多层复合而成。其回收再利用程度非常低，大多以填埋、焚烧为主，其对环境造成了严重的破坏。随着高速流水化生产线不断提升，输送带的使用量也在逐年增加，特别是轻型输送带，但是产生的大量的输送带塑料废弃物，由于其难以降解，如聚乙烯等塑料完全降解需要200-400年的时间，因此，白色污染已成为危害当前自然环境的世界性源头，与可持续性发展观念背道而驰。如今，许多国家已经出台限用或禁用非降解塑料的法规。
在输送带加工领域中现有技术中常以塑料聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、弹性体聚氨酯材料复合以涤纶、芳纶、锦纶纤维基布制备轻型输送带，而这些材料都属于难以生物降解的材料，另外，由于输送带输送过程中遭到输送物质的腐蚀、磨损破坏以及粘有各种各样的杂质，回收处理困难，废弃的输送带多采用焚烧处理的方式，该种处理方式对环境造成较大的污染与破坏。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明设计的目的在于提供一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带及其制备方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案加以实现：
所述的一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带，其特征在于该输送带由生物可降解塑料涂层和生物可降解纤维编织基布复合而成，所述生物可降解塑料涂层包括表面涂覆层和中间贴合层；所述生物可降解纤维编织基布包括底层基布层和中间基布层；该输送带依次包括底层基布层、中间贴合层、中间基布层及表面涂覆层；
所述表面涂覆层包括以下重量份的组分：
生物可降解共聚酯100份、生物可降解增强改性料0-20份、相容剂0-6份、填料0-10份、抗静电剂0.1-1份、色母粒0-1份；
所述中间贴合层包括以下重量份的组分：
生物可降解共聚酯100份、交联剂0.1-0.5份、抗静电剂0.1-1份。
进一步地，所述生物可降解共聚酯为聚己二酸丁二醇酯／聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、PBST中的一种或两种共混物；所述生物可降解增强改性料是PLA、PBS、PCL、PHB中的一种或几种共混物；所述的相容剂是环氧类共聚物或噁唑啉类共聚物。
进一步地，所述填料是热可塑淀粉、滑石粉、轻质碳酸钙的一种或两种；所述抗静电剂为离子型抗静电剂；所述的色母粒为生物可降解色母粒；所述的交联剂为环氧类共聚物、噁唑啉、多异氰酸酯单体或多聚物的一种。
进一步地，所述生物可降解纤维编织基布包括经纱和纬纱，所述经纱是由短纤棉纤维、短纤麻纤维、长纤聚乳酸纤维、长纤木质素纤维与导电碳纱加捻制成；所述纬纱是由短纤棉纤维、短纤麻纤维、长纤聚乳酸纤维、长纤木质素纤维加捻制成或是生物可降解共聚酯单丝、聚乳酸改性生物可降解共聚酯单丝加捻制成。
进一步地，所述单丝是由PBAT、PBST、聚乳酸改性生物可降解共聚酯经加热挤出、牵伸、热定型制成的单丝，所述的单丝直径为0.2-0.5mm。
进一步地，所述经纱旦数为1000D-3000D，经纱长纤和短纤纤维旦数为1000D-3000D。
进一步地，所述底层基布层的经纱密度为9-15根/cm，纬纱密度为12-18根/cm，所述中间基布层的经纱密度为6-12根/cm，纬纱密度为10-14根/cm，且纬纱为单丝时，单丝直径为0.25-0.3mm。
进一步地，所述中间贴合层至少设置有一层，中间基布层至少设置有一层。
所述的一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
1）造粒：按照生物可降解共聚酯100份、生物可降解增强改性料 0-20份、相容剂0-6份、填料0-10份备料并用高剪切双螺杆挤出造粒，70℃除湿干燥8h；
2）基布处理：底层基布层和中间基布层进行热定型预处理，热定型温度为100-110℃，牵伸力为 500-1200N/m，热定型速度为5-8m/min，基布收卷处进行基布打磨处理；
3）表面涂覆层与中间基布层的贴合：取配方量的表面涂覆层各组分进行备料加入单螺杆挤出机中，挤出薄膜，薄膜厚度为0.1-2mm，机筒温度为165-180℃，机头温度为170-175℃；挤出薄膜贴合到中间层基布，用双辊挤压使其贴合；
4）中间贴合层的贴合：取配方量的中间贴合层各组分进行备料加入单螺杆挤出机中，挤出薄膜，薄膜厚度为0.2-1mm，机筒温度为160-190℃，机头温度为170-195℃；挤出薄膜贴合到中间层基布底面与底层基布表面，用双辊挤压使其贴合，制得输送带中间品；
5）将步骤4）制得的输送带中间品进行热定型和退火处理，温度为100-120℃，牵伸力为 500-1000N/m，速度为5-8m/min，切边收卷，包装，制得厚度范围为0.9-3mm的输送带。该制备的为单层输送带，多层输送带的制备方法按照上述方法进行并重复步骤4）的操作，即可制备多层输送带，多层输送带总厚度范围为≥0.9mm。
进一步地，步骤4）中的双辊挤压贴合，双辊为钢辊和橡胶辊，钢辊为表面花纹辊、光辊、雾面辊中一种，钢辊位于表面涂覆层一侧，橡胶辊为雾面辊，位于底层基布一侧。
发明通过采用完全生物可降解的纤维基布和涂覆层材料，无论是输送带加工边角料还是使用完废弃的输送带均可通过堆肥处理完全降解为二氧化碳和水，更好的保护环境，做到绿色可持续发展。针对输送带较厚，降解难度增加的问题，采用分层机分层和粉碎机粉碎的方法进行预处理，可在工业堆肥中加速降解，提高处理能力。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述，以便更好地理解本技术方案。
实施例1
一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带及其制备方法，免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带是由生物可降解塑料涂层和生物可降解纤维编织基布多层复合而成，涂层与基布中间无胶黏剂涂层。
本实施例的生物可降解塑料涂层分为表面涂覆层和中间贴合层。
本实施例的表面涂覆层包含以下组分及质量份含量：生物可降解共聚酯100份、抗静电剂 0.1份、色母粒1份。
本实施例的中间贴合层包含以下组分及质量份含量：生物可降解共聚酯100份、交联剂0.1份、抗静电剂0.1份。
本实施例的生物可降解纤维编织基布包括经纱和纬纱：经纱是由短纤棉纤维与导电碳纱加捻制成；纬纱是由短纤棉纤维加捻制成
本实施例的生物可降解共聚酯为聚(己二酸丁二醇酯／对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)(PBAT)；所述的填料是热可塑淀粉；所述的抗静电剂为离子型抗静电剂；所述的色母粒为生物可降解色母粒；所述的交联剂为环氧类共聚物。
本实施例的经纱旦数为1000D，所述的经纱长纤和短纤纤维旦数为1000D。本实施例的生物可降解纤维编织基布作为底层基布时经纱密度为15根/cm，纬纱密度为18根/cm。本实施例的中间贴合层层数为一层、两层或者多层，中间层基布层为一层、两层或者多层。
本实施例的一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带制备方法分为以下几步：
1）按照生物可降解共聚酯100份备料并用高剪切双螺杆挤出造粒，70℃除湿干燥8h；
2）底层和中间层纤维基布进行热定型预处理，热定型温度为110℃，牵伸力为500N/m，热定型速度为8m/min，基布收卷处进行基布打磨处理；
3）取配方量的表面涂覆层各组分质量份进行备料加入单螺杆挤出机中，挤出薄膜，薄膜厚度为2mm，机筒温度为180℃，机头温度为175℃；挤出薄膜贴合到中间层基布，用双辊挤压使其贴合；
4）取配方量的中间涂覆层各组分质量份进行备料加入单螺杆挤出机中，挤出薄膜，薄膜厚度为1mm，机筒温度为190℃，机头温度为195℃；挤出薄膜贴合到中间层基布底面与底层基布表面，用双辊挤压使其贴合，制得输送带中间品；
5）将输送带中间品进行热定型和退火处理，温度为120℃，牵伸力为 1000N/m，速度8m/min，切边收卷，包装。
其中，步骤4）中双辊挤压贴合，双辊为钢辊和橡胶辊，钢辊为表面花纹辊，钢辊位于涂覆层一侧，橡胶辊为雾面辊，位于基布一侧。
实施例2
一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带及其制备方法，免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带是由生物可降解塑料涂层和生物可降解纤维编织基布多层复合而成，涂层与基布中间无胶黏剂涂层。
本实施例的生物可降解塑料涂层分为表面涂覆层和中间贴合层。
本实施例的表面涂覆层包含以下组分及质量份含量：
生物可降解共聚酯100份、生物可降解增强改性料20份、相容剂5份、填料10份、抗静电剂0.1份、色母粒1份。
本实施例的中间贴合层包含以下组分及质量份含量：生物可降解共聚酯100份、交联剂0.1份、抗静电剂0.1份。
本实施例的生物可降解纤维编织基布包括经纱和纬纱，经纱是由短纤棉纤维与导电碳纱加捻制成；纬纱是由短纤棉纤维加捻制成。
本实施例的生物可降解共聚酯为聚(己二酸丁二醇酯／对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)(PBAT)；所述的填料是热可塑淀粉；所述的抗静电剂为离子型抗静电剂；所述的色母粒为生物可降解色母粒；所述的交联剂为环氧类共聚物。
本实施例的经纱旦数为2000D，经纱长纤和短纤纤维旦数为1000D，本实施例的生物可降解纤维编织基布作为底层基布时经纱密度为15根/cm，纬纱密度为18根/cm。本实施例的中间贴合层层数为一层、两层或者多层，中间层基布层为一层、两层或者多层。
本实施例的一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带制备方法分为以下几步：
1）按照生物可降解共聚酯100份、生物可降解增强改性料20份、相容剂5份、填料10份备料并用高剪切双螺杆挤出造粒，70℃除湿干燥8h；
2）底层和中间层纤维基布进行热定型预处理，热定型温度为120℃，牵伸力为500N/m，热定型速度为8m/min，基布收卷处进行基布打磨处理；
3）取配方量的表面涂覆层各组分进行备料加入单螺杆挤出机中，挤出薄膜，薄膜厚度为2mm，机筒温度为180℃，机头温度为175℃；挤出薄膜贴合到中间层基布，用双辊挤压使其贴合；
4）取配方量的中间涂覆层各组分进行备料加入单螺杆挤出机中，挤出薄膜，薄膜厚度为1mm，机筒温度为190℃，机头温度为195℃；挤出薄膜贴合到中间层基布底面与底层基布表面，用双辊挤压使其贴合，制得输送带中间品；
5）将步骤4）所得的输送带中间品进行热定型和退火处理，温度为120℃，牵伸力为1000N/m，速度8m/min，切边收卷，包装。
其中，步骤4）中双辊挤压贴合，双辊为钢辊和橡胶辊，钢辊为表面花纹辊，钢辊位于涂覆层一侧，橡胶辊为雾面辊，位于基布一侧。
上述实施例1和实施例2按照制得的产品，其性能测试结果见表1。
表1：性能测试
性能测试 实施例1 实施例2
1%定伸强度(N/mm) 12.5 22.7
剥离强度（N/mm） 4.1 4.5
撕裂强度（N/mm） 113 178
3%拉伸恢复率 99% 99%

Claims (10)

1.一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带，其特征在于该输送带由生物可降解塑料涂层和生物可降解纤维编织基布复合而成，所述生物可降解塑料涂层包括表面涂覆层和中间贴合层；所述生物可降解纤维编织基布包括底层基布层和中间基布层；该输送带依次包括底层基布层、中间贴合层、中间基布层及表面涂覆层；
所述表面涂覆层包括以下重量份的组分：
生物可降解共聚酯100份、生物可降解增强改性料0-20份、相容剂0-6份、填料0-10份、抗静电剂0.1-1份、色母粒0-1份；
所述中间贴合层包括以下重量份的组分：
生物可降解共聚酯100份、交联剂0.1-0.5份、抗静电剂0.1-1份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带，其特征在于所述生物可降解共聚酯为聚己二酸丁二醇酯／聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、PBST中的一种或两种共混物；所述生物可降解增强改性料是PLA、PBS、PCL、PHB中的一种或几种共混物；所述的相容剂是环氧类共聚物或噁唑啉类共聚物。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带，其特征在于所述填料是热可塑淀粉、滑石粉、轻质碳酸钙的一种或两种；所述抗静电剂为离子型抗静电剂；所述的色母粒为生物可降解色母粒；所述的交联剂为环氧类共聚物、噁唑啉、多异氰酸酯单体或多聚物的一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带，其特征在于所述生物可降解纤维编织基布包括经纱和纬纱，所述经纱是由短纤棉纤维、短纤麻纤维、长纤聚乳酸纤维、长纤木质素纤维与导电碳纱加捻制成；所述纬纱是由短纤棉纤维、短纤麻纤维、长纤聚乳酸纤维、长纤木质素纤维加捻制成或是生物可降解共聚酯单丝、聚乳酸改性生物可降解共聚酯单丝加捻制成。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带，其特征在于所述单丝是由PBAT、PBST、聚乳酸改性生物可降解共聚酯经加热挤出、牵伸、热定型制成的单丝，所述的单丝直径为0.2-0.5mm。
6.如权利要求4所述的一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带，其特征在于所述经纱旦数为1000D-3000D，经纱长纤和短纤纤维旦数为1000D-3000D。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带，其特征在于所述底层基布层的经纱密度为9-15根/cm，纬纱密度为12-18根/cm，所述中间基布层的经纱密度为6-12根/cm，纬纱密度为10-14根/cm，且纬纱为单丝时，单丝直径为0.25-0.3mm。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带，其特征在于所述中间贴合层至少设置有一层，中间基布层至少设置有一层。
9.一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
1）造粒：按照生物可降解共聚酯100份、生物可降解增强改性料0-20份、相容剂0-6份、填料0-10份备料并用高剪切双螺杆挤出造粒，70℃除湿干燥8h；
2）基布处理：底层基布层和中间基布层进行热定型预处理，热定型温度为100-110℃，牵伸力为 500-1200N/m，热定型速度为5-8m/min，基布收卷处进行基布打磨处理；
3）表面涂覆层与中间基布层的贴合：取配方量的表面涂覆层各组分进行备料加入单螺杆挤出机中，挤出薄膜，薄膜厚度为0.1-2mm，机筒温度为165-180℃，机头温度为170-175℃；挤出薄膜贴合到中间层基布，用双辊挤压使其贴合；
4）中间贴合层的贴合：取配方量的中间贴合层各组分进行备料加入单螺杆挤出机中，挤出薄膜，薄膜厚度为0.2-1mm，机筒温度为160-190℃，机头温度为170-195℃；挤出薄膜贴合到中间层基布底面与底层基布表面，用双辊挤压使其贴合，制得输送带中间品；
5）将步骤4）制得的输送带中间品进行热定型和退火处理，温度为100-120℃，牵伸力为500-1000N/m，速度为5-8m/min，切边收卷，包装，制得厚度范围为0.9-3mm的输送带。
10.如权利要求9所述的一种免胶黏剂生物可降解轻型输送带的制备方法，其特征在于步骤4）中的双辊挤压贴合，双辊为钢辊和橡胶辊，钢辊为表面花纹辊、光辊、雾面辊中一种，钢辊位于表面涂覆层一侧，橡胶辊为雾面辊，位于底层基布一侧。
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