CN113645963A - 能够注入泌尿器官腔内的用于预防或治疗尿路上皮癌的医药组合物 - Google Patents
能够注入泌尿器官腔内的用于预防或治疗尿路上皮癌的医药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于:提供一种用于预防或治疗泌尿器官癌的医药组合物,其没有副作用的问题,能够长期且持续使用,通过注入泌尿器官腔内而向泌尿器官给药。本发明的构成为:一种泌尿器官腔内注入用溶液,其含有D‑阿洛糖;泌尿器官腔内是上部尿路内和膀胱内;是泌尿器官腔内注入疗法用溶液;是利用D‑阿洛糖向泌尿器官的癌细胞(例如RT112、253J、J82)的糖摄取亢进的溶液;是D‑阿洛糖与作为医药能够容许的稀释剂或载体一起含有的溶液;是用于预防或治疗泌尿器官癌的医药组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含有有效量的D-阿洛糖的通过注入泌尿器官腔内而预防或治疗尿路上皮癌的医药组合物。
背景技术
肾脏所产生的尿排泄至肾盂,经由尿管送至膀胱。然后,膀胱内积攒一定量的尿时,产生尿意,膀胱的肌肉收缩而排出体外。尿路上皮癌是作为该尿的通路的肾盂、尿管和膀胱所发生的癌。认为其约7成是非肌层浸润性的,其治疗除了经尿道手术以外,作为标准治疗,还研究了向泌尿器官腔内注入BCG(卡介菌、Bacillus Calmette-Guerin)或抗癌剂的疗法。然而,使用现有药剂的注入疗法后的5年复发率高至31-78%,对复发病例追加的注入疗法后的5年复发率也有40-55%,约半数复发,从而研究了泌尿器官的摘除(非专利文献1)。在摘除泌尿器官时,不可避免患侧的肾尿管全部摘除所导致的肾功能下降、或者膀胱全部摘除所导致的输尿管腹壁造口等患者的QOL(生活质量、Quality of life)下降。因此,强烈期望进一步的复发预防效果以及以保存泌尿器官为目的的使用新型药剂的注入疗法的问世。
在针对非肌层浸润性尿路上皮癌的注入疗法中,最常用的药剂为BCG。该BCG来自1904年由Albert Calmette和Camille Guerin转让的牛型结核菌(Mycobacterium bovis)。该株最初毒性极强,但通过利用胆汁加马铃薯培养基进行继代培养超过230代之后,获得了能够作为疫苗使用的弱毒性。然而,在BCG注入疗法中,膀胱的刺激症状等有害现象的发生频率仍高,不能痊愈的病例也多,这已经成为问题,要求耐受性更高的药剂。
根据日本2018年度的癌症统计预测,肾、尿路和膀胱的癌症罹患数的预测值男女合计52,400人,在日本是第六多的患癌器官。原来也有尿路上皮癌的发病年龄为73岁的报告,在高龄化加剧的日本,其罹患数有增加倾向。此外,尿路上皮癌的复发率高,以其治愈或复发预防为目的的注入疗法的机会非常多。因此,能够预期所使用的药剂的抗肿瘤效果的提高、或者耐受性的改善的本发明溶液能够对社会产生巨大冲击。
另一方面,在医学领域的稀少糖的应用研究成果中,有以D-阿洛糖为有效成分的生物体内抗氧化剂(专利文献1)的发明。其以向肝癌或皮肤癌的患者给药D-阿洛糖,利用D-阿洛糖的生物体内抗氧化作用作为治疗肝癌或皮肤癌的组合物来使用。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利第5330976号公报
专利文献2:日本专利第3975274号公报
非专利文献
非专利文献1:膀胱癌诊疗指南2015年版
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
如上所述,目前在针对非肌层浸润性尿路上皮癌的注入疗法中,最常用的药剂为BCG。然而,已知即使针对非肌层浸润性尿路上皮癌进行使用BCG的注入疗法,也存在很多无法治愈的病例,此外,即使是暂时治愈的病例,其中的40-55%的病例也会复发。这样,使用BCG的注入疗法不具有充分的抗肿瘤效果,在实际临床上由于高频率发生的有害现象,痊愈率低,这已经成为问题。
在针对非肌层浸润性尿路上皮癌的向泌尿器官腔内的注入疗法中,迫切期望新型药剂的问世。
用于解决技术问题的技术方案
为了解决上述的技术问题,本发明的发明人反复精心研究,结果发现了作为稀少糖之一的D-阿洛糖对人尿路上皮癌细胞的强抗肿瘤效果。因此,本发明的发明人的目标在于:提供一种含有D-阿洛糖的溶液,其是能够期待针对尿路上皮癌的高抗肿瘤效果的新型药剂。本发明提供一种含有D-阿洛糖的医药组合物,其除了D-阿洛糖对尿路上皮癌细胞的强抗肿瘤效果以外,还以对正常细胞产生伤害的危险小等高的安全性、以及能够将含有D-阿洛糖的溶液经尿道直接注入泌尿器官腔内的器官特异性优势为背景,以构建针对尿路上皮癌的新型治疗策略为目的。
本发明将以下的(1)至(21)的泌尿器官腔内注入用溶液作为要旨。
(1)一种泌尿器官腔内注入用溶液,其中,所述溶液含有D-阿洛糖。
(2)如上述(1)所述的溶液,其中,D-阿洛糖为D-阿洛糖和/或其衍生物和/或其混合物。
(3)如上述(2)所述的溶液,其中,所述D-阿洛糖的衍生物为选自D-阿洛糖的羰基变成醇基而成的糖醇、D-阿洛糖的醇基氧化而成的糖醛酸、D-阿洛糖的醇基被NH2基取代而成的氨基糖中的D-阿洛糖衍生物。
(4)如上述(1)至(3)中任一项所述的溶液,其中,泌尿器官腔内是上部尿路内和膀胱内。
(5)如上述(1)至(4)中任一项所述的溶液,其中,所述溶液为泌尿器官腔内注入疗法用。
(6)如上述(1)至(5)中任一项所述的溶液,其中,所述溶液利用D-阿洛糖向泌尿器官的癌细胞的糖摄取亢进。
(7)如上述(1)至(6)中任一项所述的溶液,其中,所述溶液含有有效量的D-阿洛糖。
(8)如上述(5)至(7)中任一项所述的溶液,其中,通过注入泌尿器官腔内而向泌尿器官腔注入。
(9)如上述(1)至(8)中任一项所述的溶液,其中,D-阿洛糖与作为医药能够容许的稀释剂或载体一起含有。
(10)如上述(1)至(9)中任一项所述的溶液,其中,与1种以上的抗增殖药一起含有。
(11)如上述(1)至(10)中任一项所述的溶液,其中,D-阿洛糖与用于增加向泌尿器官的癌细胞的摄取的药物缔合。
(12)如上述(11)所述的溶液,其中,所述药物包含抗癌剂。
(13)如上述(11)或(12)所述的溶液,其中,D-阿洛糖与上述药物直接缔合,或者经由连接臂(linker)通过共价键合而缔合。
(14)如上述(11)至(13)中任一项所述的溶液,其中,所述药物为放射性同位素、酶、前药活化酶、放射线敏化剂、iRNA、烷基化剂、嘌呤拮抗剂、嘧啶拮抗剂、植物生物碱、插层抗生物质、代谢拮抗物质、芳香酶抑制剂、有丝分裂抑制剂、生长因子抑制剂、细胞周期抑制剂或拓扑异构酶抑制剂。
(15)如上述(10)所述的溶液,其中,所述抗增殖药的至少1种为蒽环类药物。
(16)如上述(15)所述的溶液,其中,所述蒽环类药物选自多柔比星、表柔比星、佐柔比星、阿柔比星、依达比星、吡柔比星、安那霉素、甲氧基吗啉代多柔比星、氰基吗啉代多柔比星、戊柔比星(N-三氟乙酰基阿霉素-14-戊酸盐)和米托蒽醌。
(17)如上述(15)所述的溶液,其中,所述蒽环类药物选自戊柔比星、多柔比星和表柔比星。
(18)如上述(15)所述的溶液,其中,所述蒽环类药物为表柔比星。
(19)如上述(6)至(18)中任一项所述的溶液,其中,所述泌尿器官的癌为非肌层浸润性尿路上皮癌。
(20)如上述(6)至(19)中任一项所述的溶液,其中,所述泌尿器官的癌为肾盂癌、输尿管癌、膀胱癌或尿道癌。
(21)如上述(1)至(20)中任一项所述的溶液,其中,所述溶液为用于预防或治疗泌尿器官的癌的医药组合物。
本发明还以以下的(22)的试剂盒为要旨。
(22)一种试剂盒,其中,所述试剂盒包含说明书和作为上述(21)所述的医药组合物的溶液,该说明书指示对于需要预防或治疗泌尿器官的癌的患者,将医药组合物注入泌尿器官腔内,由此预防或治疗该患者的泌尿器官的癌。
发明效果
癌细胞为了保持无限增殖能力、转移能力等性质,需要大量能量。细胞的能量是ATP,为了供给ATP,癌细胞使糖代谢、脂质代谢、氨基酸代谢等参与能量产生的代谢途径亢进。例如,通常是向癌细胞的糖摄取亢进,临床上已成为PET诊断技术的基础。另一方面,目前膀胱癌的治疗所使用的抗癌剂(丝裂霉素C、阿霉素等)对活跃增殖的癌细胞显示选择性,但由于其作用机理是抑制蛋白质合成或核酸合成,某种程度上对正常细胞也起作用,从而引起副作用。
相对于此,本发明的针对尿路上皮癌的预防或治疗目的所使用的含有D-阿洛糖的医药品对正常细胞的伤害小。另外,本发明的使用含有D-阿洛糖的溶液向泌尿器官腔内的注入疗法利用向癌细胞的直接暴露,将治疗范围限定在泌尿器官腔内,从而能够预测全身的有害现象少,通过提供长期且持续的治疗,能够提高对尿路上皮癌的治疗效果,最终与患者QOL(生活质量)的提高联系在一起。
更具体而言,通过本发明,能够提供对尿路上皮癌细胞的选择性高、不会对正常细胞产生伤害的用于构建尿路上皮癌的新型预防或治疗策略的D-阿洛糖的用途。还能够提供用于预防或治疗泌尿器官癌的医药组合物,其没有副作用的问题,能够长期且持续使用,通过注入泌尿器官腔内而向泌尿器官给药。通过将含有D-阿洛糖的溶液经尿道直接注入泌尿器官腔内,使其暴露于尿路上皮癌细胞,可以实现能够期待高的抗肿瘤效果和安全性的新型治疗方法。
附图说明
图1表示尿路上皮癌细胞株(RT112)的存活试验的结果。
图2表示尿路上皮癌细胞株(253J)的存活试验的结果。
图3表示尿路上皮癌细胞株(J82)的存活试验的结果。
具体实施方式
在本发明中,作为目标的“泌尿器官腔内注入疗法”是指向肾盂尿管或膀胱的内腔使用含有D-阿洛糖的溶液的注入疗法。并且,根据局部存在的尿路上皮癌,可以分别使用“肾盂尿管内注入疗法”和“膀胱内注入疗法”。在其实施时,通过导管。另外,“膀胱内(肾盂尿管内)溶液”、“膀胱内(肾盂尿管内)作用物质”、“膀胱内(肾盂尿管内)疗法”和“膀胱内(肾盂尿管内)化合物”是指能够向膀胱(肾盂尿管)给药的治疗。例如在一个实施方式中,膀胱内(肾盂尿管内)作用物质是D-阿洛糖和作为医药能够容许的稀释剂或载体一起的医药品。在另一个实施方式中,膀胱内(肾盂尿管内)作用物质是D-阿洛糖、1种以上的其它的抗增殖药和作为医药能够容许的稀释剂或载体一起的医药品。在一个实施方式中,膀胱内(肾盂尿管内)疗法是经口和膀胱内作用物质的组合。本发明并没有限定于经口和膀胱内(肾盂尿管内)作用物质的组合的意图。例如在一个实施方式中,膀胱内(肾盂尿管内)疗法是膀胱内(肾盂尿管内)作用物质。在另一个实施方式中,膀胱内(肾盂尿管内)疗法是膀胱内作用物质的组合,例如D-阿洛糖和1种以上的其它的抗增殖药的组合。
本发明是含有D-阿洛糖而成的尿路上皮癌治疗用组合物,含有有效量的D-阿洛糖或药理上容许的盐或/和水合物的制剂。
本发明所使用的D-阿洛糖是与自然界中大量存在的D-葡萄糖相比存在量绝对少的稀少糖。作为糖的基本单元的单糖(碳原子数为6的单糖:己糖)全部有34种,醛糖有16种,酮糖有8种,糖醇有10种,其中,相对于自然界中大量存在的D-葡萄糖所代表的“天然型单糖”,将自然界中仅微量存在的单糖(醛糖、酮糖)及其衍生物(糖醇)定义为“稀少糖”。目前,能够大量生产的稀少糖为D-阿洛酮糖(英文名:D-allulose)和D-阿洛糖。D-阿洛糖是被分类为六碳糖的醛糖的阿洛糖的D体。
作为得到D-阿洛糖的方法,有利用L-鼠李糖异构酶由D-阿洛酮糖(D-psicose)合成的方法、使D-木糖异构酶作用于含有D-阿洛酮糖的溶液而得到的方法,另外,关于高纯度D-阿洛糖的制造,还有利用D-阿洛糖的结晶法的分级法(专利文献2)等。本发明的D-阿洛糖并不只限于此,可以通过利用化学处理方法异构化等任意的方法而得到。关于作为D-阿洛糖的原料的D-阿洛酮糖,目前常用的是对果糖进行酶(差向异构酶)处理而得到的制法,但并不只限于此,可以通过利用生产该酶的微生物的制法而得到,也可以从天然物中提取,或者直接使用天然物中所含的D-阿洛酮糖,也可以是利用化学处理方法异构化而得到的D-阿洛酮糖。另外,利用酶对D-阿洛酮糖进行精制的方法是公知的。
对D-阿洛糖的衍生物进行说明。从某种起始化合物开始,利用化学反应转变分子结构,将所得到的化合物称为起始化合物的衍生物。包含D-阿洛糖的六碳糖的衍生物通常是糖醇(将单糖还原时,醛基和酮基变成醇基,变成与碳原子数相同数的多元醇)、糖醛酸(单糖的醇基氧化而成,已知天然有D-葡糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、甘露糖醛酸)、氨基糖(糖分子的OH基被NH2基取代而成,有葡糖胺、软骨糖胺、配糖体等)等,但并不限定于这些。D-阿洛糖的衍生物为选自D-阿洛糖的羰基变成醇基而成的糖醇、D-阿洛糖的醇基氧化而成的糖醛酸、D-阿洛糖的醇基被NH2基取代而成的氨基糖中的D-阿洛糖衍生物。
在本发明的配合有D-阿洛糖和/或其衍生物和/或其混合物的治疗用组合物中,D-阿洛糖和/或其衍生物和/或其混合物在组合物中含有有效量。“有效量”是指充分满足其意图的目的(例如组织或被检验体所希望的生物学或医学应答)的任意的量。
对本发明的D-阿洛糖或者其药理上容许的盐或/和水合物的制剂进行说明。除了只使用D-阿洛糖和/或其衍生物和/或其混合物以外,还可以配合稳定剂、保存剂等适当的添加剂,制成液剂。作为本发明的医药组合物,将有效成分溶解于含有医学上容许的载体、润滑剂等添加物的例如水或各种输液用制剂而成的液剂可以利用公知的制剂技术进行制造。
上述抗增殖药的至少1种为蒽环类药物。上述蒽环类药物选自多柔比星、表柔比星、佐柔比星、阿柔比星、依达比星、吡柔比星、安那霉素、甲氧基吗啉代多柔比星、氰基吗啉代多柔比星、戊柔比星(N-三氟乙酰基阿霉素-14-戊酸盐)和米托蒽醌。上述蒽环类药物还选自戊柔比星、多柔比星和表柔比星。另外,上述蒽环类药物为表柔比星。
根据本发明的溶液形态的医药品的优选方式,本发明的尿路上皮癌治疗剂优选分散在溶剂中而成为分散液(溶液)的形态。由此,能够将本发明的溶液用作利用注入疗法、通过注入患者的泌尿器官腔内而向肾盂尿管内或膀胱内有效给药的治疗剂。分散液(溶液)的液性没有限定,能够在pH3~10的宽范围内实现高的分散性。其中,从体内给药的安全性的观点考虑,分散液优选pH5~9、更优选5~8、特别优选具有中性的液性。另外,根据本发明的优选方式,溶剂优选为水系溶剂,更优选为pH缓冲液或生理食盐水。水系溶剂的优选盐浓度为2M以下,从体内给药的安全性的观点考虑,更优选为200mM以下。本发明的溶液剂形态的治疗剂相对于分散体,优选含有10mM以上。通过在泌尿器官腔内持续回流或贮存一定时间,能够与肾盂尿管或膀胱表面大范围接触,对多发性的尿路上皮癌进行治疗,对利用手术等治疗无法除去的尿路上皮癌细胞也起作用,从而能够期待防止复发的效果。未被泌尿器官腔内的癌细胞摄取的溶液剂可以与排尿一起去除到体外。
作为水溶性或者水膨润性高分子,优选明胶、纤维素衍生物、丙烯酸衍生物、聚维酮、聚乙二醇、聚氨基酸衍生物或多糖体类;明胶类优选精制明胶;纤维素衍生物优选甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素2910、羟丙基甲基纤维素2208、羟丙基甲基纤维素2906、羟丙基纤维素、低取代度羟丙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠;作为丙烯酸衍生物,优选氨基丙烯酸甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、甲基丙烯酸共聚物;作为聚氨基酸衍生物,优选聚赖氨酸、聚谷氨酸。作为多糖体,特别优选透明质酸、葡聚糖或糊精。水溶性或水膨润性高分子的添加量因D-阿洛糖、其衍生物或其药理上容许的盐的性质、量以及水溶性或水膨润性高分子的性质、分子量、应用部位而不同,大概相对于制剂总量,可以在0.01%~10%的范围内使用。
pH调节剂可以使用对人体无害的酸或碱,表面活性剂可以使用非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂。另外,浸透压调节剂可以例示氯化钠、葡萄糖等,防腐剂可以例示对羟基苯甲酸酯类,保存剂可以例示抗坏血酸、或亚硫酸盐类。它们的使用量没有特别限定,可以在能够分别发挥其作用的范围内使用。另外,根据需要,还可以添加盐酸普鲁卡因等局部麻醉剂、苄醇等无痛剂、螯合剂、缓冲剂或水溶性有机溶剂等。
本发明的“药物”、“抗癌剂”是为了治疗而向癌或癌前状态的组织给药的物质,例如可以列举放射性同位素(例如碘-131、镥-177、铼-188、钇-90)、毒素(例如白喉毒素、假单胞菌毒素、蓖麻毒素、白树毒素(gelonin))、酶、活化前药的酶、放射线敏化剂、干扰RNA、超抗原、抗血管新生剂、烷基化剂、嘌呤拮抗剂、嘧啶拮抗剂、植物生物碱、插层抗生物质、芳香酶抑制剂、代谢拮抗物质、有丝分裂抑制剂、生长因子抑制剂、细胞周期抑制剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、生物应答调节因子、抗激素和抗雄激素等。
药物与D-阿洛糖缔合(例如键合、相互作用)而使用。缔合可以是共价键合,也可以是非共价键合。关于D-阿洛糖与药物的缔合,在向尿路上皮癌细胞的摄取之前或期间需要不发生解离的充分的强度,可以使用本领域技术人员公知的任意的化学、生物化学、酶偶联。
D-阿洛糖与药物的缔合是非共价键合时,可以列举疏水性相互作用、静电相互作用、偶极相互作用、范德瓦尔斯相互作用和氢键;D-阿洛糖与药物的缔合是共价键合时,可以直接键合,或者利用经由连接臂间接键合。这样的共价键合可以利用酰胺、酯、碳-碳、二硫醚、氨基甲酸酯、醚、硫醚、尿素、胺或碳酸酯键来实现。
关于用作医药成分所需的D-阿洛糖的安全性的验证,虽然稀少糖是微量的,但也是自然界中存在的单糖,因此能够预见是安全的。将变应原性、生物分解度试验和3种急性毒性试验(经口急性毒性试验、皮肤一次刺激试验、眼睛一次刺激试验)定为最基本的安全性试验,发明人委托指定机构实施D-阿洛糖的基本部分的安全性试验,作为其结果,确认了其安全性没有问题。
本发明的治疗用组合物的对象为包括人在内的动物(人、牛、猪、狗、猫等哺乳类、鸡等鸟类等)。另外,本发明的治疗用组合物靶向的癌细胞为尿路上皮癌细胞,作为细胞株,可以列举尿路上皮癌细胞株(RT112、253J、J82)。
实施例
接着,利用实施例对本发明进行更详细地说明。其中,本发明并不受其限定。
(实施例)
[以人尿路上皮癌细胞株为对象的稀少糖的抗肿瘤效果的分析]
使用3种人尿路上皮癌细胞株(RT112、253J、J82),分析稀少糖的抗肿瘤效果。作为稀少糖,使用L-阿洛酮糖、D-阿洛酮糖、D-阿洛糖、L-果糖、D-甘露糖、L-山梨糖、D-塔格糖、D-半乳糖、D-山梨糖和L-塔格糖共10种,作为不是稀少糖的单糖,使用D-葡萄糖和D-果糖。
[使用培养基]
培养基使用含有D-葡萄糖1000mg/l的最小必需培养基(MEM),利用以含有各单糖或各稀少糖10mM、25mM、50mM的方式调节后的MEM〔图中由(10)、(25)、(50)表示。〕,评价稀少糖的抗肿瘤效果。另外,关于对照,MEM中未添加糖。
[实验方法]
利用MEM,分别制作5.0×104cells/ml的细胞悬浮液,在96孔板中以0.1ml/well进行分配后,培养24小时。之后,除去培养液,向MEM中以0.1ml/well添加含有10mM、25mM、50mM的各单糖或各稀少糖的培养液,培养24小时(#1~#13)。
#1:MEM溶液单独(图中为Control);
#2:D-葡萄糖溶液(图中为D-Glucose);
#3:L-阿洛酮糖溶液(图中为L-Allulose);
#4:D-阿洛酮糖溶液(图中为D-Allulose);
#5:D-果糖溶液(图中为D-Fructose);
#6:D-阿洛糖溶液(图中为D-Allose);
#7:L-果糖溶液(图中为L-Fructose);
#8:D-甘露糖溶液(图中为D-Mannose);
#9:L-山梨糖溶液(图中为L-Sorbose);
#10:D-塔格糖溶液(图中为D-Tagatose);
#11:D-半乳糖溶液(图中为D-Galactose);
#12:D-山梨糖溶液(图中为D-Sorbose);
#13:L-塔格糖溶液(图中为L-Tagatose)。
[细胞存活试验(MTT法)]
MTT法是测定存活的检测方法之一,利用了伴随作为四唑鎓盐的MTT的还原而产生的不溶性甲臜色素(浅蓝色)的显色反应。MTT的还原由作为线粒体的还原酶的琥珀酸-四唑鎓还原酶(succinate-tetrazolium reductase)引起。活细胞中该酶活性高,能够看到显色,但发生包括细胞凋亡在内的细胞死亡时,不显色。利用酶标仪测定该显色,由此测定细胞的存活率。
[细胞存活试验的结果]
将与稀少糖同时培养的人尿路上皮癌细胞的存活率变化示于图1至图3。即,图1表示尿路上皮癌细胞株(RT112)的存活试验的结果,图2表示尿路上皮癌细胞株(253J)的存活试验的结果,图3表示尿路上皮癌细胞株(J82)的存活试验的结果。如图1至图3所示,在所有细胞株中,在D-阿洛糖为10mM、25mM、50mM的所有浓度下,与对照相比,都使存活率显著降低(p<0.05),在所分析的糖中,发挥了最强的抗肿瘤效果。
[考察]
在癌细胞中,线粒体中的ATP产生被抑制。在癌细胞中,不利用氧而由葡萄糖(glucose)产生ATP的“糖酵解”这样的代谢系统亢进了。糖酵解在细胞质中进行。癌细胞抑制线粒体中的氧呼吸的理由有以下几个。
其一是由于作为合成细胞构成成分的材料,需要大量的葡萄糖。细胞分裂而数量增多,因此需要重新合成核酸、细胞膜或蛋白质等细胞构成成分。细胞能够通过由糖酵解系统或其途径派生的各种细胞内代谢途径由葡萄糖合成核酸、脂质或氨基酸。线粒体使用氧并将葡萄糖全部用于ATP产生时,构成细胞的材料变得没有。
另外,线粒体中的氧呼吸增加活性氧的产生。活性氧对细胞产生破坏,抑制增殖或转移,成为引起细胞死亡的原因。考虑是由于癌细胞不增加活性氧的产生,抑制了线粒体中的氧的利用。对于癌细胞,抑制了线粒体中的利用氧的代谢对存活或增殖有益。
已知癌细胞时,如果提高癌细胞的线粒体的活性,则增殖或转移被抑制,引起细胞死亡。这是由于,葡萄糖完全分解时,由于用于增殖细胞的材料变得不足,氧呼吸的亢进增加活性氧的产生,癌细胞因活性氧所产生的破坏而自然灭亡。也就是说,将细胞的线粒体活化的治疗方法能够提高正常细胞的功能,并且只灭杀癌细胞。关于D-阿洛糖,可以看到从10mM开始,全部的人尿路上皮癌细胞的存活率都下降了,发挥了抗肿瘤效果。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的研究成果利用使用多种人尿路上皮癌细胞株的体外(in-vitro)实验,初次证明了D-阿洛糖对尿路上皮癌细胞的抗肿瘤效果,因此是提示D-阿洛糖为将来治疗尿路上皮癌的关键药物(Key Drug)的可能性的成果。另一方面,向泌尿器官腔内的注入疗法除了具有能够使药剂直接暴露于癌细胞的器官特异性优势以外,使用现有药剂的注入疗法还不能得到令人满意的治疗效果。此外,由于作为治疗对象的非肌层浸润性尿路上皮癌患者非常多,因此使用D-阿洛糖的肾盂尿管注入疗法或膀胱注入疗法是以使具有抗肿瘤效果的D-阿洛糖直接暴露于尿路上皮癌细胞的划时代构思为基础而提案的新型治疗方法,还是对社会产生巨大震撼以及不久的将来临床应用备受期待的新型治疗方法。
Claims (22)
1.一种泌尿器官腔内注入用溶液,其中,
所述溶液含有D-阿洛糖。
2.如权利要求1所述的溶液,其中,
D-阿洛糖为D-阿洛糖和/或其衍生物和/或其混合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的溶液,其中,
所述D-阿洛糖的衍生物为选自D-阿洛糖的羰基变成醇基而成的糖醇、D-阿洛糖的醇基氧化而成的糖醛酸、D-阿洛糖的醇基被NH2基取代而成的氨基糖中的D-阿洛糖衍生物。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的溶液,其中,
泌尿器官腔内是上部尿路内和膀胱内。
5.如权利要求1~4中任一项所述的溶液,其中,
所述溶液为泌尿器官腔内注入疗法用。
6.如权利要求1~5中任一项所述的溶液,其中,
所述溶液利用D-阿洛糖向泌尿器官的癌细胞的糖摄取亢进。
7.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的溶液,其中,
所述溶液含有有效量的D-阿洛糖。
8.如权利要求5~7中任一项所述的溶液,其中,
所述溶液通过注入泌尿器官腔内而向泌尿器官腔内注入。
9.如权利要求1~8中任一项所述的溶液,其中,
D-阿洛糖与作为医药能够容许的稀释剂或载体一起含有。
10.如权利要求1~9中任一项所述的溶液,其中,
与1种以上的抗增殖药一起含有。
11.如权利要求1~10中任一项所述的溶液,其中,
D-阿洛糖与用于增加向泌尿器官的癌细胞的摄取的药物缔合。
12.如权利要求11所述的溶液,其中,
所述药物包含抗癌剂。
13.如权利要求11或12所述的溶液,其中,
D-阿洛糖与所述药物直接缔合,或者经由连接臂通过共价键合而缔合。
14.如权利要求11~13中任一项所述的溶液,其中,
所述药物为放射性同位素、酶、前药活化酶、放射线敏化剂、iRNA、烷基化剂、嘌呤拮抗剂、嘧啶拮抗剂、植物生物碱、插层抗生物质、代谢拮抗物质、芳香酶抑制剂、有丝分裂抑制剂、生长因子抑制剂、细胞周期抑制剂或拓扑异构酶抑制剂。
15.如权利要求10所述的溶液,其中,
所述抗增殖药的至少1种为蒽环类药物。
16.如权利要求15所述的溶液,其中,
所述蒽环类药物选自多柔比星、表柔比星、佐柔比星、阿柔比星、依达比星、吡柔比星、安那霉素、甲氧基吗啉代多柔比星、氰基吗啉代多柔比星、戊柔比星(N-三氟乙酰基阿霉素-14-戊酸盐)和米托蒽醌。
17.如权利要求15所述的溶液,其中,
所述蒽环类药物选自戊柔比星、多柔比星和表柔比星。
18.如权利要求15所述的溶液,其中,
所述蒽环类药物为表柔比星。
19.如权利要求6~18中任一项所述的溶液,其中,
所述泌尿器官的癌为非肌层浸润性尿路上皮癌。
20.如权利要求6~19中任一项所述的溶液,其中,
所述泌尿器官的癌为肾盂癌、输尿管癌、膀胱癌或尿道癌。
21.如权利要求1~20中任一项所述的溶液,其中,
所述溶液是用于预防或治疗泌尿器官的癌的医药组合物。
22.一种试剂盒,其中,
所述试剂盒包含说明书和作为权利要求21所述的医药组合物的溶液,所述说明书指示对于需要预防或治疗泌尿器官的癌的患者,将医药组合物注入泌尿器官腔内,由此预防或治疗该患者的泌尿器官的癌。
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