CN113635636B - 一种高性能pe薄膜及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种高性能pe薄膜及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高性能PE薄膜及其制备方法和应用。本发明的高性能PE薄膜,包括外层、中层和内层,其中外层由如下原料制得:低密度聚乙烯,线性低密度聚乙烯,茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯,聚烯烃弹性体,高分子量光稳定剂,光屏蔽剂,有机开口剂;所述高分子量光稳定剂为苯乙烯‑丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物、对羟基苯乙烯‑丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物或对二甲基胺基苯乙烯‑丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物中的一种或几种;内层由如下原料制得:低密度聚乙烯,线性低密度聚乙烯,茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯,无机开口剂。本发明的高性能PE薄膜具有优异的耐老化、耐热性能,且使用水性油墨印刷时,干燥速率快,不会出现假干后反粘现象。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及塑料薄膜技术领域,更具体的,涉及一种高性能PE薄膜及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
聚乙烯(PE)是通用树脂中产量最大、应用范围最广的品种,由PE制得的聚乙烯薄膜用做包装膜、保护膜可以保护被包装的产品在生产加工、运输、贮存和使用过程中不受污染、腐蚀和划伤。但是由于PE膜材料本身具有强度不高、耐热性差、耐老化性能差等缺点,使其应用受到了一定的限制。特别是在高温环境下存放一段时间后,PE薄膜易老化,材质变脆、颜色变黄、出现卷曲变形,严重影响其使用寿命。通过添加抗老化添加剂(如受阻胺稳定剂)能够改善PE薄膜的抗老化性能,如中国专利CN103831976A,但对于常用的小分子量光稳定剂来说,其耐热性较差,易在PE薄膜加工过程中分解失效,并且其与PE基体树脂的相容性差,易迁移析出。
对于印刷用途的PE薄膜,由于国家绿色印刷战略的推进,目前更加环保的水性油墨已逐渐替代了传统的溶剂型油墨。但在塑料薄膜凹印中,水性油墨不如溶剂型油墨易挥发,在印刷设备常规65℃的抽风干燥温度下,水性油墨经过印刷后水分干燥困难,使得水性油墨的印刷速率和印刷效率较低,但若提高干燥温度,又会使得PE薄膜受热变形;另一方面,PE基材薄膜经水性油墨印刷后易出现假干现象,收卷后由于油墨中的水分未完全挥发,PE薄膜之间会出现反粘现象,而无法正常使用。
虽然已有现有技术(如中国专利申请CN 112662049 A)公开了,在PE薄膜的原料中添加爽滑助剂或开口助剂,一定程度上有助于提高PE薄膜的抗粘连性。但开口助剂仅仅是从物理角度减弱了PE薄膜的粘连程度,但远达不到高温烘干的效果。
因此,需要开发出一种高性能PE薄膜,提高其耐老化、耐热性能,且PE薄膜作为水性油墨印刷基材时,油墨干燥速度更快,产品印刷效率更高。
发明内容
本发明为克服上述现有技术所述的耐热、耐老化性能差,印刷效率低的缺陷,提供一种高性能PE薄膜,该高性能PE薄膜为三层共挤出PE薄膜,具有优异的耐老化、耐热性能,且使用水性油墨印刷时,干燥速率快,不会出现假干后反粘现象。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述高性能PE薄膜的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述高性能PE薄膜作为水性油墨印刷基材的应用。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种高性能PE薄膜,包括外层、中层和内层;
所述外层由如下重量份的原料制得:低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)30~50份,线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)40~70份,茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯(m-LLDPE)20~45份,聚烯烃弹性体1~6份,高分子量光稳定剂0.5~2份,光屏蔽剂0.2~0.8份,有机开口剂0.3~1.0份;
所述高分子量光稳定剂为苯乙烯-丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物、对羟基苯乙烯-丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物或对二甲基胺基苯乙烯-丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物中的一种或几种;
所述内层由如下重量份的原料制得:低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)20~45份,线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)30~55份,茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯(m-LLDPE)35~60份,无机开口剂0.1~0.3份。
在本发明的PE薄膜中,所述外层包括高分子量光稳定剂和光屏蔽剂。所述高分子量光稳定剂为丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物与苯乙烯单体的共聚物,分子量较大,能够有效避免迁移、析出的问题;其中丙烯酸哌啶酯基团有利于提高其与PE基材的相容性,进一步提高了高性能PE薄膜的耐老化性能。所述高分子量光稳定剂与光屏蔽剂配合使用,从而大幅提高了PE薄膜的耐老化、耐热性能,使其在户外或高温环境下使用时不易老化,使用寿命更长。
所述高分子量光稳定剂由如下制备方法制得:
将苯乙烯类单体与丙烯酸哌啶酯(PMPA)、偶氮引发剂和RAFT链转移剂共混于二氧六环溶剂中,在60~80℃下反应5~10h,产物经后处理,即得到所述高分子量光稳定剂;所述苯乙烯类单体为苯乙烯、对二甲基胺基苯乙烯或4-乙烯基苯酚中一种或几种。
优选地,所述丙烯酸哌啶酯、苯乙烯类单体、RAFT链转移剂、偶氮引发剂的摩尔比为:(200~100):(300~150):(2~1.5):1。
优选地,所述偶氮引发剂为偶氮二异丁腈和/或偶氮二异庚腈。
优选地,所述RAFT试剂为2,2'-[硫代羰酰双(硫)]双[2-甲基丙酸]、S,S-二苄基三硫代碳酸酯或2-[(乙氧基硫代羰基)硫基]丙酸乙酯中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述PMPA由如下方法制备得到:
将五甲基哌啶醇、丙烯酰氯和三乙胺按照摩尔比1∶1.5∶1.5溶于二氯甲烷中,室温下反应10~15h,去除溶剂后得到所述PMPA。
优选地,所述高分子量光稳定剂为对羟基苯乙烯-丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物。
对羟基苯乙烯-丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物为受阻胺/受阻酚双官能团的复合光稳定剂,在同等添加量下具有更优异的抗老化效果。
优选地,所述高分子量光稳定剂的数均分子量为4000~8000。
优选地,所述光屏蔽剂为纳米二氧化钛和/或纳米氧化锌。
所述聚烯烃弹性体为乙烯-辛烯无规共聚物和/或乙烯-辛烯嵌段共聚物(OBC)。
可选的,所述乙烯-辛烯无规共聚物可以为辛烯单体含量≤20wt.%的乙烯-辛烯无规共聚物(POP)和/或辛烯单体含量>20wt.%的乙烯-辛烯无规共聚物(POE)。
与聚烯烃树脂相比,聚烯烃弹性体的分子链内的共聚单体,如1-丁烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯等的含量更高,密度更低;聚合物链由结晶性树脂相和无定型橡胶相组成,因而聚烯烃弹性体既具有橡胶的高弹性,又具有热塑性树脂的可塑性,易于成型加工,尺寸稳定性好。同时,聚烯烃弹性体分子链由非极性的饱和单键组成、无极性基团,故具有优良的耐水蒸汽、耐老化、耐化学腐蚀性及耐热性能。将聚烯烃弹性体掺入到本发明的PE薄膜材料体系中,改善了聚合物体系的加工流变性,能有效提高薄膜的强度,特别是PE薄膜的耐热性、韧性和抗撕裂性能。
通过聚烯烃弹性体与高分子量光稳定剂的协同作用,使得在印刷水性油墨的过程中,在印刷设备的较高温度抽风干燥的条件下,PE薄膜不易出现受热变形的情况,PE薄膜的尺寸稳定性高,印刷后油墨的干燥速率快,印刷快效率高,且不易出现PE薄膜假干、收卷后反粘的现象。
本发明的PE薄膜中,所述外层使用的开口剂为有机开口剂,所述内层使用的是极少量的无机开口剂。
有机开口剂具有较大的相对分子质量,迁移速率慢,用于PE薄膜的外层能够降低PE薄膜的摩擦系数,且不易向中层发生迁移,以限制层间的滑移效应。无机开口剂的少量添加,能够使薄膜内层产品一定的凹凸表面,以减少PE薄膜收卷后的膜间负压,使得PE薄膜间不易发生粘连,促进其分离。
优选地,所述有机开口剂为油基棕榈酰胺、硬脂基芥酸酰胺、山嵛酸酰胺或乙撑双油酸酰胺中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述无机开口剂为纳米二氧化硅、硅藻土、水合硅酸镁或结晶硅铝酸盐中的一种或几种。
但PE薄膜内层的无机开口剂不易过多,需要在保持PE薄膜内层爽滑性能的同时,仍具有一定的摩擦力。这是因为当PE薄膜用于包装产品(如塑料管材)时,内层不易过于光滑,一定的摩擦力使得PE薄膜的使用性更高。
优选地,所述PE薄膜的中层由如下重量份的原料制得:低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)35~55份,线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)45~60份,茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯(m-LLDPE)15~30份。
PE薄膜的中层含有一定量的m-LLDPE,由于m-LLDPE具有较窄的分子量分布,且其分子链结构规整,韧性较高、耐穿刺能力强,使得PE薄膜在加工时易获得温度的膜泡,进一步促进了PE薄膜的耐热性能,增强了其在印刷水性油墨时的干燥速率和在使用过程中的抗老化性。
优选地,所述PE薄膜的外层厚度占PE膜总厚度的25~45%;所述中层膜厚度占PE膜总厚度的30~40%;所述内层膜厚度占PE膜总厚度的25~40%。
本发明还保护上述高性能PE薄膜的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.将PE薄膜外层、中层、内层的原料按配比混合,分别加至挤出机中,经过挤出造粒,得到外层粒料、中层粒料、内层粒料;
S2.将所述外层粒料、中层粒料、内层粒料加至三层共挤吹膜机中,经三层共挤工艺熔融挤出,经过吹胀牵引、冷却、电晕处理、薄膜收卷制备得到所述高性能PE薄膜。
优选地,所述电晕处理的条件为:输入电压220V,输出电压6kV,车速保持为80m/min。
经过电晕处理,所述高性能PE薄膜外层的表面张力≥46dyn/cm。
本发明还保护上述高性能PE薄膜作为水性油墨印刷基材的应用。
所述水性油墨可以为本领域常用的水性油墨。
可选的,所述水性油墨可以为聚氨酯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、丙烯酸接枝聚氨酯共聚物作为粘接料的水性油墨。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明通过使用于PE基体相容性更好、光稳定性能更优的高分子量光稳定剂,与光屏蔽剂搭配,提高了PE薄膜的抗老化性能,使其适用于户外高紫外光、高温环境,长期稳定性效果好;
(2)通过高分子量光稳定剂与聚烯烃弹性体的协同作用,增强了PE薄膜的耐热性能,进一步使得PE薄膜在印刷水性油墨后,可以在更高的抽风温度下进行干燥,在保证水性油墨附着牢度的同时,使得水性油墨干燥速率更快、整体印刷效率更高,且PE薄膜在收卷后,不会产生假干、反粘现象;
(3)PE薄膜外层的有机开口剂含量较高,降低了PE薄膜表面的摩擦系数;内层的无机开口剂含量较少,使得PE薄膜内层在保持爽滑性能、避免粘连的同时,仍具有一定的摩擦力。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例及对比例中的原料均可通过市售得到;其中:
苯乙烯-丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物由如下方法制备得到:
将苯乙烯与PMPA、偶氮引发剂和RAFT链转移剂,按照摩尔比200:150:1.5:1共混于二氧六环溶剂中,在80℃下反应7h,产物经后处理,即得到苯乙烯-丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物,数均分子量为6500;
对羟基苯乙烯-丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物由如下方法制备得到:
将对二甲基胺基苯乙烯与PMPA、偶氮引发剂和RAFT链转移剂,按照摩尔比300:200:1.8:1共混于二氧六环溶剂中,在70℃下反应10h,产物经后处理,即得到对羟基苯乙烯-丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物,数均分子量为5800;
对二甲基胺基苯乙烯-丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物由如下方法制备得到:
将4-乙烯基苯酚与PMPA、偶氮引发剂和RAFT链转移剂,按照摩尔比250:150:1.5:1共混于二氧六环溶剂中,在80℃下反应8h,产物经后处理,即得到二甲基胺基苯乙烯-丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物,数均分子量为7500;
其中PMPA由如下方法制备得到:
将五甲基哌啶醇、丙烯酰氯和三乙胺按照摩尔比1∶1.5∶1.5溶于二氯甲烷中,室温下反应15h,去除溶剂后得到PMPA。
除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
实施例1~6
实施例1~6提供一种PE薄膜,其原料组成如表1所示。
表1 PE薄膜的外层、中层、内层原料组成(重量份)
实施例1~6的PE薄膜的制备方法为:
S1.将PE薄膜外层、中层、内层的原料按配比混合,分别加至挤出机中,经过挤出造粒,得到外层粒料、中层粒料、内层粒料;
S2.将所述外层粒料、中层粒料、内层粒料分别加至三层共挤吹膜机中,经三层共挤工艺熔融挤出,经过吹胀牵引、冷却、电晕处理、薄膜收卷制备得到所述高性能PE薄膜;
其中电晕处理的条件为:输入电压220V,输出电压6kV,车速80m/min;
PE薄膜厚度为50μm,其中外层厚度为20μm,中层厚度为15μm,内层厚度为15μm。
对比例1
对比例1提供一种PE薄膜,其原料组成与实施例1的区别在于,未加高分子量光稳定剂,制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例2
对比例2提供一种PE薄膜,其原料组成与实施例1的区别在于,高分子光稳定剂等质量替换为癸二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯,分子量为508.7g/mol,制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例3
对比例3提供一种PE薄膜,其原料组成与实施例1的区别在于,未加聚烯烃弹性体,其制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例4
对比例4提供一种PE薄膜,其原料组成与实施例1的区别在于,外层中的有机开口剂等质量替换为无机开口剂,其制备方法与实施例1相同。
性能测试
对上述实施例和对比例制得的PE薄膜进行性能检测,具体测试方法如下:
表面张力:使用达因笔(范围为30~60dyn/cm)测试塑料薄膜的表面张力。
印刷性能:将PE膜进行水性油墨印刷测试,水性油墨为市售聚氨酯树脂粘接料水性油墨,印刷机线速度为200m/min,印刷设备的抽风干燥设置烘箱温度85℃,观察印刷后PE膜的印刷效果是否清晰、PE膜外观是否平整;
抗老化性能:将经水性油墨印刷后的PE薄膜收卷,在35±3℃的环境中露天存放,在第30天、第60天后分别观察PE薄膜表面情况;
耐热性能:PE膜的耐热性能采用热封性检测仪进行热封性能测试。
油墨附着牢度:按照GB/T 13217.7-2009《液体油墨附着牢度检验方法》进行PE印品油墨附着牢度检测。
上述实施例和对比例的测试结果见表2和表3。
表2实施例1~6的测试结果
表3对比例1~4的测试结果
根据表2的测试结果,各实施例制备的PE薄膜的表面张力均≥46dyn/cm;在85℃抽风干燥设置烘箱温度下印刷水性油墨的印刷图案清晰,PE薄膜无卷曲;水性油墨印刷附着牢度≥94%,具有良好的附着力;热封温度检测值≥159℃,具有良好的耐热性能;PE薄膜收卷后在35±3℃的环境中露天存放60天后,PE薄膜表面无裂纹、脆化、卷曲等情况,印刷的图案颜色无变化。
根据表3的测试结果,对比例1中未加高分子光稳定剂,PE薄膜在印刷时有轻微卷曲,在抗老化测试中第30天即出现裂纹,且颜色变黄,第60天PE薄膜上印刷的图案脱落,薄膜断裂。对比例2中,使用了分子量为508.7的光稳定剂替代本发明技术方案中的高分子量光稳定剂,PE薄膜在印刷时有轻微卷曲,放置在室外后,在第60天时PE膜表面出现裂纹、印刷图案褪色脱落。这表示,本发明的高分子量光稳定剂对于PE薄膜的抗开裂、印刷图片抗褪色脱落有显著的提高作用。
对比例3中PE薄膜未加聚烯烃弹性体,印刷时PE薄膜即出现卷曲,使得印刷图案不清晰、有拖尾;放置于室外后第30天即出现反粘现象,这说明印刷后水性油墨的水分未得到完全挥发,PE薄膜收卷后水分的残留使得PE薄膜间相互粘连,产生反粘现象;第60天后,PE薄膜出现裂纹;PE薄膜的热封温度检测值仅为116℃,说明其耐热性能较差。
对比例4中PE薄膜外层使用的是无机开口剂,PE薄膜在35±3℃的环境中露天存放60天后,略微分层,出现反粘现象。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种高性能PE薄膜,包括外层、中层和内层,其特征在于,
所述外层由如下重量份的原料制得:低密度聚乙烯30~50份,线性低密度聚乙烯40~70份,茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯20~45份,聚烯烃弹性体1~6份,高分子量光稳定剂0.5~2份,光屏蔽剂0.2~0.8份,有机开口剂0.3~1.0份;
所述高分子量光稳定剂为对羟基苯乙烯-丙烯酸哌啶酯共聚物;
所述有机开口剂为油基棕榈酰胺和/或硬脂基芥酸酰胺;
所述内层由如下重量份的原料制得:低密度聚乙烯20~45份,线性低密度聚乙烯30~55份,茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯35~60份,无机开口剂0.1~0.3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述高性能PE薄膜,其特征在于,所述高分子量光稳定剂如下制备方法制得:
将4-乙烯基苯酚与丙烯酸哌啶酯、偶氮引发剂和RAFT链转移剂共混于二氧六环溶剂中,在60~80℃下反应5~10h,产物经后处理,即得到所述高分子量光稳定剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述高性能PE薄膜,其特征在于,所述高分子量光稳定剂的数均分子量为4000~8000。
4.根据权利要求1所述高性能PE薄膜,其特征在于,所述光屏蔽剂为纳米二氧化钛和/或纳米氧化锌。
5.根据权利要求1所述高性能PE薄膜,其特征在于,所述聚烯烃弹性体为乙烯-辛烯无规共聚物和/或乙烯-辛烯嵌段共聚物。
6.根据权利要求1所述高性能PE薄膜,其特征在于,所述无机开口剂为纳米二氧化硅、硅藻土、水合硅酸镁或结晶硅铝酸盐中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述高性能PE薄膜,其特征在于,所述PE薄膜的中层由如下重量份的原料制得:低密度聚乙烯35~55份,线性低密度聚乙烯45~60份,茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯15~30份。
8.权利要求1~7任一项所述高性能PE薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1. 将PE薄膜外层、中层、内层的原料按配比混合,分别加至挤出机中,经过挤出造粒,得到外层粒料、中层粒料、内层粒料;
S2. 将所述外层粒料、中层粒料、内层粒料加至三层共挤吹膜机中,经三层共挤工艺熔融挤出,经过吹胀牵引、冷却、电晕处理、薄膜收卷制备得到所述高性能PE薄膜。
9.权利要求1~7任一项所述高性能PE薄膜作为水性油墨印刷基材的应用。
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