CN113631555A - 用于调节毛发生长的组合物和方法 - Google Patents
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- CN113631555A CN113631555A CN201980087610.0A CN201980087610A CN113631555A CN 113631555 A CN113631555 A CN 113631555A CN 201980087610 A CN201980087610 A CN 201980087610A CN 113631555 A CN113631555 A CN 113631555A
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Abstract
本公开涉及能够抑制线粒体丙酮酸载体并促进毛发生长的化合物。本公开还涉及促进毛发生长或治疗影响毛发生长的病症或病患,诸如秃头或脱发的方法。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2019年1月2日提交的美国临时申请号62/787,609的权益,所述申请的内容以引用的方式完全并入本文。
背景技术
毛囊干细胞(HFSC)经历了连续几轮的静止(休止期),其间会出现与毛发周期开始相关的短暂增殖期(休止期-生长期过渡)。众所周知,HFSC的增殖或活化是推进毛发周期的先决条件。尽管治疗方案取得了进展,但秃头和脱发仍然是无法在所有个体中都得到成功治疗的病症。现有治疗方法中有一些对用户来说不方便,另一些则需要手术干预或其他侵入性程序。需要另外的疗法。
发明内容
在某些方面,本公开提供式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
R1是H、芳基、芳烷基或芳烷基酰基,并且任选地被一个或多个R5取代;
R2是CN或羧基;
R4独立地为烷基、烯基、炔基、羧基、叠氮基、卤基、羟基、酯或CN;
R5独立地选自烷基、烷氧基或卤基;并且
n是0-4。
在某些实施方案中,本公开提供式Ia化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中R6是H、烷基、芳基或芳烷基,
在某些方面,本公开提供一种药物组合物,其包含本公开的化合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
在某些方面,本公开提供增强细胞中乳酸产生的方法,其包括使细胞与本公开的化合物或组合物接触。
在某些方面,本公开提供抑制细胞中线粒体丙酮酸氧化的方法,其包括使细胞与线粒体丙酮酸氧化(MPO)抑制剂,诸如本公开的化合物接触。在某些实施方案中,MPO抑制剂是一种线粒体丙酮酸载体(MPC)抑制剂。在某些实施方案中,抑制细胞中的线粒体丙酮酸氧化具有增强细胞中乳酸产生和/或增强细胞中LDH活性和促进毛发生长的作用,如本文所述。
在某些方面,本公开提供增强细胞中乳酸产生的方法,其包括使细胞与MPO抑制剂,诸如本公开的化合物接触。在某些实施方案中,MPO抑制剂是一种线粒体丙酮酸载体(MPC)抑制剂。
在某些方面,本公开提供增强细胞中LDH活性的方法,其包括使细胞与MPO抑制剂,诸如本公开的化合物接触。在某些实施方案中,MPO抑制剂是一种线粒体丙酮酸载体(MPC)抑制剂。
在某些方面,本公开提供增强细胞中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的方法,其包括使细胞与MPO抑制剂,诸如本公开的化合物接触。在某些实施方案中,MPO抑制剂是一种线粒体丙酮酸载体(MPC)抑制剂。在某些方面,本公开提供促进毛发生长或治疗毛发生长病症或病患,诸如秃头或脱发的方法,其包括向患者施用如本文公开的化合物或组合物。
在某些方面,本公开提供促进毛发生长或治疗毛发生长病症或病患,诸如秃头或脱发的方法,其包括向患者施用MPO抑制剂(例如,局部地,诸如以配制用于局部应用的药物组合物),诸如本公开的化合物。在某些实施方案中,本公开提供促进毛发生长或治疗毛发生长病症或病患,诸如秃头或脱发的方法,其包括向患者施用MPC抑制剂(例如,局部地,诸如以配制用于局部应用的药物组合物),诸如本公开的化合物。在某些实施方案中,抑制细胞中的线粒体丙酮酸氧化或线粒体丙酮酸载体具有增强细胞中乳酸产生和/或增强细胞中LDH活性以及促进毛发生长的作用,如本文所述。
附图说明
图1A-1E显示了乳酸脱氢酶活性在HFSC中富集。图1A:针对整个毛发周期中Ldha表达的IHC染色显示了Ldha蛋白局限于HFSC生态位,即由括号表示的隆起。在连续切片上对Sox9进行的IHC染色划定了HFSC群体。比例尺表示20微米。图1B:FACS分离的HFSC群体(α6low/Cd34+和α6hiCd34+)对总表皮(Epi)的免疫印迹显示了干细胞生态位中Ldha的差异表达。Sox9是HFSC的标志物,并且β-肌动蛋白是上样对照。图1C:表皮中Ldh酶活性的比色测定显示了隆起(括号)和表皮下肌肉层(括号)中的活性最高。这种活性在毛发周期的不同阶段在隆起中富集。活性以紫色表示;粉红色是核复染剂。还需要注意,如此处所观察到的,在色素沉着小鼠中发育的毛干显示了强烈的黑色素沉积;毛干从未展示出任何指示Ldh活性的紫色染色。比例尺表示50微米。图1D:所分选细胞群体中的Ldh活性,使用基于酶标仪的测定法测量,也显示了与表皮细胞(Epi)和成纤维细胞(FB)相比,在两个单独的HFSC群体(α6hi/Cd34和α6low/Cd34)中最高的Ldh活性。每个条形代表每种细胞类型的平均信号,其中n=9只小鼠,其是从3个独立实验汇集的。作为平均值±SEM显示。进行了配对t检验,每种细胞类型对表皮细胞显示p<0.05。图1E:在休止期内(第50天)通过FACS分离HFSC和表皮细胞,并通过LC-MS提取和分析代谢物。热图显示了从独立实验中的不同小鼠分离的细胞中糖酵解和TCA循环代谢物的相对水平,其中细胞来自每个实验的三只动物。星号表示表皮细胞和HFSC之间代谢物水平的显著差异。对于e,进行了配对t检验;*表示p<0.05,**表示p<0.01,***表示p<0.001,ns表示p>0.05,n=9只小鼠,其是从3个独立实验汇集的。
图2A-2C显示了关键试剂和测定的验证。图2A:使用特异性识别Ldha的抗体的IHC(与图1A中所使用的相同)。底部,使用识别Ldh蛋白的多种同工型的抗体的IHC。比例尺表示20微米。图2B:用于从隆起中分离两个细胞群体的分选策略。这种特定的分选用于分离图1B中蛋白质印迹所示的蛋白质样品。图2C:比色Ldh酶活性测定的验证。在HFSC隆起中和在肌肉中观察到了最高的Ldh酶活性。活性以紫色染色表示;粉红色是核固红复染剂。在不存在底物乳酸的情况下,没有可检测到的活性(紫色染色)。右侧,比色Ldh酶活性测定的额外验证。在添加含底物乳酸的染色溶液之前用HCl处理皮肤来抑制酶活性。未检测到Ldh活性(紫色染色)。酶活性不受盐酸(HCl)抑制的皮肤,在HFSC隆起中和在肌肉中显示出最高的Ldh酶活性。比例尺表示50微米。
图3A-3E显示在HFSC活化期间Ldh活性增加。图3A:来自HFSC对总表皮的RNA-seq转录组数据的GSEA显示HFSC中糖酵解相关基因的富集(NES=1.72)。图3B:来自HFSC对总表皮的微阵列转录组数据的GSEA显示HFSC中糖酵解相关基因的富集(NES=1.45)。结果是从每种条件的三只小鼠产生的。图3C:来自在休止期或休止期-生长期过渡期间分选的HFSC的RNA-seq数据显示了Ldha21的诱导。数据代表每个时间点三只单独动物的平均值。图3D:分选的干细胞群体中的Ldh活性,使用基于酶标仪的测定法测量,显示了干细胞在休止期到生长期过渡(Tel-Ana)中变成活化状态时,Ldh活性升高。每个条形代表每种条件的平均信号,其中n=9只小鼠,其是从3个独立实验汇集的。作为平均值±SEM显示。进行了配对t检验,p<0.05。图3E:热图显示了从静止(休止期,第50天)、活化(休止期-生长期,第70天)和已恢复到静止状态(生长期,第90天)的HFSC中提取的糖酵解和TCA循环代谢物的相对水平。所显示的数据是从3个独立实验中每个时间点的n=3只动物产生的。
图4A-4B显示了毛发周期阶段测量的验证。图4A:RNA-seq数据的分析,以验证休止期-生长期过渡中的HFSC事实上处于这种过渡中。已知休止期-生长期过渡由Shh(Gli因子是靶点)和Wnt(Lef1、Axin、Ccnd1是靶点)信号传导驱动,并且与增殖增加(Ki67和Pcna)相关。此外,Sox4先前被鉴定为休止期-生长期过渡的调节剂。n=每个时间点3只小鼠。作为平均值±SEM显示。进行了配对t检验,p<0.05。图4B:Ki-67染色标记了在毛发周期不同阶段期间的分裂细胞。括号表示HFSC生态位。比例尺表示100微米。
图5A-5G显示Mpc1的缺失增加了HFSC的乳酸产生和活化。图5A:Mpc1fl/fl动物显示出色素沉着和毛发生长,与在8.5周进入生长期周期一致,而Mpc1+/+动物在这个早期没有显示出背部色素沉着和毛发生长。所显示的动物代表了每种基因型至少12只动物。图5B:Mpc1+/+对Mpc1fl/fl小鼠中HFSC隆起群体的FACS分离,随后进行的蛋白质印迹分析,显示了干细胞生态位中Mpc1蛋白的成功缺失。β-肌动蛋白是上样对照。图5C:对所分选HFSC群体的Ldh活性的酶标仪测定显示,与Mpc1+/+HFSC相比,Mpc1fl/fl HFSC的活性升高。每个条形代表每种基因型的平均信号,其中n=9只小鼠,其是从3个独立实验汇集的。作为平均值±SEM显示。进行了配对t检验,p<0.05。图5D:WT对Mpc1缺失皮肤的组织学显示在不存在Mpc1的情况下生长期的诱导。比例尺表示100微米。右侧表型的定量显示了Mpc1+/+小鼠对Mpc1fl/fl小鼠中休止期、休止期到生长期过渡和生长期的背毛囊百分比(n=来自每个基因型3只小鼠的250个毛囊)。作为平均值±SEM显示。进行了配对t检验,p<0.05。图5E:Ki-67的免疫组织化学染色,Ki-67是一种仅在新毛发周期开始时在HFSC中活跃的增殖标志物,在8.5周时仅存在于Mpc1fl/fl HFSC中,与它们加速进入新的毛发周期相一致。Phospo-S6是另一种仅在新毛发周期开始时在HFSC中活跃的标志物,仅存在于Mpc1fl/fl HFSC中。Sox9染色显示HFSC存在于Mpc1缺失的生态位中。以60倍放大率拍摄的图像。图5F:在携带Lgr5CreER等位基因的小鼠中Mpc1的缺失显示出毛发周期的强烈诱导。需要注意,红色框表示新毛发生长的区域。结果代表了每个基因型至少9只动物。图5G:三个独立窝中指定基因型的色素沉着定量(n=每个基因型5只小鼠)。
图6A-6D显示了HFSC中Mpc1的长期缺失的影响。图6A:在HFSC(K15CrePR;Mpc1fl/fl)中Mpc1开始缺失六个月后,通过毛发周期(左)、病理学(中,H和E)或HFSC染色(右,Sox9)测量,缺乏Mpc1的小鼠没有表现出有害影响。比例尺在中间图中表示100微米,在右侧图中表示50微米。图像代表了每个基因型至少12只动物。如图6B:为了证明Mpc1的缺失在HFSC中特异性地促进增殖,我们使用携带lox-stop-lox-Tomato等位基因的K15CrePR;Ldhafl/fl小鼠来观察K15+HFSC以及有无Mpc1缺失的增殖(左)。此外,我们利用Lgr5CreER等位基因中的ires-GFP对Ki-67和GFP进行染色,并观察有无Mpc1缺失的共定位(右)。白色括号表示隆起区域。比例尺代表20微米。图6C:在携带Lgr6CreER等位基因的小鼠中Mpc1的缺失没有显示出过早诱导毛发周期。如图6D:对来自对照或Lgr6CreER介导的Mpc1缺失小鼠的分选HFSC的Ldh活性测定显示了在缺乏Mpc1的细胞中活性增加。n=每个基因型6只小鼠,其是从2个独立实验汇集的。作为平均值±SEM显示。进行了配对t检验,p<0.05。
图7A-7D显示Mpc1的药理学抑制促进了HFSC活化。图7A:用UK-5099(20μM)局部治疗的动物在治疗8天后表现出色素沉着和毛发生长,指示进入生长期。治疗14天后达到全生长期,通过全身被毛指示。即使在治疗12天后,用媒介物对照局部治疗的小鼠既没有表现出色素沉着也没有表现出毛发生长。右图,皮肤病理学显示UK-5099动物在第8周进入加速生长期,其典型特征是毛囊向下生长和皮下增厚,而媒介物对照治疗的动物则没有表现出这两者并保持在休止期。所显示的图像代表来自7个独立实验的至少14只小鼠。比例尺表示100微米。图7B:曲线图,显示了在媒介物对UK-5099治疗的小鼠中观察到的表型的时间。n=每个条件6只小鼠。作为平均值±SEM显示。图7C:表皮中的Ldh酶活性测定显示了在媒介物对照和UK-5099治疗的动物中的HFSC中很强的活性。在UK-5099治疗动物的毛囊间表皮中也观察到Ldh酶活性。Ldh活性以紫色染色表示;粉红色是核固红复染剂。比例尺表示50微米。图7D:从UK-5099治疗48小时的皮肤中分离的HFSC上的乳酸代谢组学分析;每个条形代表每个条件的平均信号,其中n=9只小鼠,其是从3个独立实验汇集的。作为平均值±SEM显示。进行了配对t检验,p<0.05。
图8显示了本文所述的某些Mpc1抑制剂对乳酸产生的影响。
图9显示了本文所述的某些Mpc1抑制剂对乳酸产生的影响。
图10显示了UK5099和JXL020的EC50计算。
图11显示本发明的Mpc1抑制剂诱导毛发生长。
图12显示了本文所述的某些Mpc1抑制剂对乳酸产生的影响。
图13显示了本文所述的某些Mpc1抑制剂对总细胞计数的影响,其归一化为DMSO治疗。
图14显示了本文所述的某些Mpc1抑制剂对细胞乳酸产生的影响,其归一化为DMSO治疗。
图15显示了本文所述的某些Mpc1抑制剂对总细胞计数的影响,其归一化为DMSO治疗。
图16显示了本文所述的某些Mpc1抑制剂对细胞乳酸产生的影响,其归一化为DMSO治疗。
图17显示了本文所述的某些Mpc1抑制剂对总细胞计数的影响,其归一化为DMSO治疗。
图18显示了本文所述的某些Mpc1抑制剂对细胞乳酸产生的影响,其归一化为DMSO治疗。
图19显示了本文所述的某些Mpc1抑制剂对总细胞计数的影响,其归一化为DMSO治疗。
图20显示了MPC在丙酮酸氧化成乙酰辅酶A中的作用。
具体实施方式
在某些方面,本公开提供式I的化合物:
其中:
R1是H、芳基、芳烷基或芳烷基酰基,并且任选地被一个或多个R5取代;
R2是CN或羧基;
R4独立地为烷基、烯基、炔基、叠氮基、卤基、羟基、羧基、酯或CN;
R5独立地选自烷基、烷氧基或卤基;并且
n是0-4。
在式I的其他优选实施方案中,Y是酯或羧基。
在式I的其他优选实施方案中,R2是CN。在其他实施方案中,R2是羧基。
在式I的某些实施方案中,R1是H。
在式I的其他优选实施方案中,R1是芳烷基(例如,苄基或苯乙基)。在某些此类实施方案中,芳烷基(例如,苄基或苯乙基)被一个或多个R5(优选在苯环上)取代。在其他实施方案中,R1是芳烷基酰基(例如,苯乙酰基),并且被一个或多个R5(优选在苯环上)取代。
在式I的某些实施方案中,R1被一个或两个R5取代,并且其中每个R5独立地选自氟烷基或氟。在某些优选的实施方案中,R1被两个R5取代,并且其中每个R5是三氟甲基。
在式I的某些实施方案中,R4是吸电子基团。在某些实施方案中,R4选自碘、氟、烯基(例如乙烯基)、CN、叠氮基、炔基(例如乙炔基)、氟烷基(例如三氟甲基)、羧基和酯(例如甲基酯或乙基酯)。在某些优选的实施方案中,R4是氟。在其他优选的实施方案中,R4是酯(例如,甲酯或乙酯)。
在某些实施方案中,本公开提供式Ia化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中R6是H、烷基、芳基或芳烷基。
在式Ia的某些优选实施方案中,R6是H或烷基(例如,甲基或乙基)。
在某些方面,本公开的化合物是表1的化合物。在某些实施方案中,表1的化合物是MPO抑制剂,例如,表1的化合物能够抑制MPC1。
表1:示例性化合物
另外的示例性化合物列于表2中。在某些实施方案中,表1的化合物是MPO抑制剂,例如,表1的化合物能够抑制MPC1。在某些实施方案中,本公开的化合物不选自表2中所列的那些。
表2:例示性化合物
在某些方面,本公开提供一种药物组合物,其包含本公开的化合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
在某些方面,本公开提供增强细胞中乳酸产生的方法,其包括使细胞与本公开的化合物或组合物接触。
在某些方面,本公开提供抑制细胞中线粒体丙酮酸氧化的方法,其包括使细胞与线粒体丙酮酸氧化(MPO)抑制剂,诸如本公开的化合物接触。在某些实施方案中,MPO抑制剂是一种线粒体丙酮酸载体(MPC)抑制剂。在某些实施方案中,抑制细胞中的线粒体丙酮酸氧化具有增强细胞中乳酸产生和/或增强细胞中LDH活性和促进毛发生长的作用,如本文所述。
在某些方面,本公开提供增强细胞中乳酸产生的方法,其包括使细胞与MPO抑制剂,诸如本公开的化合物接触。在某些实施方案中,MPO抑制剂是一种线粒体丙酮酸载体(MPC)抑制剂。
在某些方面,本公开提供增强细胞中LDH活性的方法,其包括使细胞与MPO抑制剂,诸如本公开的化合物接触。在某些实施方案中,MPO抑制剂是一种线粒体丙酮酸载体(MPC)抑制剂。
在某些方面,本公开提供增强细胞中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的方法,其包括使细胞与MPO抑制剂,诸如本公开的化合物接触。在某些实施方案中,MPO抑制剂是一种线粒体丙酮酸载体(MPC)抑制剂。在某些方面,本公开提供促进毛发生长或治疗毛发生长病症或病患,诸如秃头或脱发的方法,其包括向患者施用如本文公开的化合物或组合物。
在某些方面,本公开提供促进毛发生长或治疗毛发生长病症或病患,诸如秃头或脱发的方法,其包括向患者施用MPO抑制剂(例如,局部地,诸如以配制用于局部应用的药物组合物),诸如本公开的化合物。在某些实施方案中,本公开提供促进毛发生长或治疗毛发生长病症或病患,诸如秃头或脱发的方法,其包括向患者施用MPC抑制剂(例如,局部地,诸如以配制用于局部应用的药物组合物),诸如本公开的化合物。在某些实施方案中,抑制细胞中的线粒体丙酮酸氧化或线粒体丙酮酸载体具有增强细胞中乳酸产生和/或增强细胞中LDH活性以及促进毛发生长的作用,如本文所述。
讨论
诸多研究发现了毛囊干细胞(HFSC)相对于其他毛囊细胞或毛囊间表皮细胞的独特基因表达特征图。许多这些特征图受转录因子的调控,这些转录因子后来被证明在HFSC稳态中发挥重要作用。
乳酸脱氢酶最常由哺乳动物中的Ldha和Ldhb基因编码,其蛋白质产物形成同源或异源四聚体以催化丙酮酸到乳酸的NADH依赖性还原和乳酸到丙酮酸的NAD+依赖性氧化。通过免疫染色,发现Ldha在静止的HFSC中原位富集(休止期)(图1A),并且用识别Ldha和Ldhb的抗体进行免疫组织化学染色(IHC)显示只有Ldha似乎定位于HFSC生态位(图2A)。
IHC分析还显示Ldha表达在毛发周期的三个阶段在HFSC(Sox9+)中富集(图1A)。一致地,来自分选细胞的溶解物的免疫印迹显示了Ldha在基底HFSC(α6HiCD34+)和基底上(α6LoCD34+)HFSC群体中相对于总表皮的强烈表达(图1B)(分选策略在图2B中概述)。
为了确定Ldha表达模式是否与Ldh酶的活性相关,使用基于比色的酶促测定法来评估原位Ldh活性能力。通常使用酶标仪对蛋白质溶解物或等分试样进行分析,Ldh活性测定适用于在冷冻组织切片上的原位工作。需要注意,由于原位和体外Ldh活性测定均使用过量底物(乳酸),因此这些测定的结果反映了Ldh活性的能力,而不是稳态活性。
将此测定应用于皮肤样品证明,HFSC中的Ldh活性能力显著更高,与Ldha的表达模式一致(图1C)。此外,Ldh活性在整个毛发周期在HFSC中富集(图1C)。作为对照,在没有酶底物(乳酸)的情况下或在酸处理的组织上进行的测定产生零活性(图2C)。为了进一步验证这些结果,我们对表皮群体进行分选,在分选的细胞上产生细胞溶解物,并对分选的细胞裂解物进行类似的基于比色的酶促测定,这也显示了HFSC中Ldh活性增加(图1D)。为了更好地表征HFSC的代谢,我们通过液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)对来自小鼠皮肤的分选群体进行了代谢组学分析(图1e)。在三个独立实验中,HFSC中相对于总表皮中(在不同的天数从不同的小鼠分离的)的几种糖酵解代谢物,包括葡萄糖/果糖-6-磷酸、果糖-二磷酸(fructose-bisphosphate)、磷酸二羟丙酮(dihydroxyacetone phosphate)、3-磷酸甘油酸(3-phosphoglycerate)和乳酸通常更高。相反,大多数TCA循环代谢物在表皮和HFSC之间并非始终不同(图1E)。总的来说,这些结果表明,虽然表皮中的所有细胞都广泛使用TCA循环来产生能量,但HFSC还具有增加的Ldha表达、Ldh活性和糖酵解代谢。
因此,测量整个毛发周期的代谢将捕获HFSC中发生的与活化或静止相关的任何动态变化。对来自休止期或休止期-生长期过渡期间分离的HFSC的RNA-seq数据的分析证明,Ldha不仅是HFSC中表达的主要Ldh同工型(图3),而且还在休止期-生长期过渡期间被诱导(图3A和3B(NIHGEOGSE67404和GSE51635))。为了确认通过RNA-seq分析的细胞确实处于休止期或休止期到生长期过渡,评估了这一过渡的重要标志物,包括Shh和Wnt通路(Gli1、2、3;Lef1、Axin1、Axin2、Ccnd1)以及增殖标志物(Ki-67、Pcna和Sox4)(图4A)。
对来自分选HFSC的溶解物进行的体外Ldh活性测定揭示了与休止期到生长期过渡相关的Ldh活性的适度诱导(图3D)。通过Ki-67免疫染色验证了毛发周期分期以确定HFSC活化(图4B)。另外,从分选的HFSC中提取的稳态代谢物的测量结果显示,随着HFSC从休止期过渡到休止期-生长期过渡,HFSC中的乳酸增加,然后随着在生长期的HFSC恢复到静止状态,乳酸再次减少(图3E)。
为了确定乳酸产生的诱导是否会影响HFSC活化或毛发周期,我们将K15CrePR动物与那些线粒体丙酮酸载体1(Mpc1)(K15CrePR;Mpc1fl/fl)为flox的动物杂交。Mpc1作为与Mpc2的异二聚体,形成线粒体丙酮酸载体MPC,这是丙酮酸进入线粒体所需的线粒体内膜上的转运蛋白。Mpc1的功能丧失已被证明通过Ldh增强丙酮酸向乳酸的转化来驱动乳酸产生。此外,MPC的抑制导致线粒体丙酮酸氧化(MPO)为乙酰辅酶A的减少(图20)。
在HFSC中具有Mpc1缺失的动物中,我们观察到腹侧和背侧毛发周期的强烈加速,以及休止期-生长期过渡的所有典型特征(图5A)(n=12对同窝仔)。经米非司酮治疗的K15CrePR;Mpc1fl/fl动物是唯一到第70天为止显示任何背侧生长期迹象的动物。所分选HFSC上的蛋白质印迹验证了Mpc1蛋白的丧失(图5B)。重要的是,缺乏Mpc1的纯化HFSC显示出对Ldh活性的强烈诱导(图5C)。对三对同窝仔的背毛周期的定量,在缺乏Mpc1的背部皮肤中显示出强烈的生长期诱导(图5D,右),并且组织学显示生长期诱导在外观上是正常的,具有典型的皮下扩张(图5D)。免疫染色证明了在Mpc1-null HFSC中各种毛发周期活化标志物诸如Ki-67和pS6的诱导,而Sox9表达不受影响(图5E)。根据病理学和Sox9染色判断,Mpc1的长期缺失不会导致异常毛囊或HFSC耗竭(图6A)。此外,Lgr5CreER情况下Mpc1的缺失显示出与K15CrePR情况下的缺失非常相似的表型(图5F和5G),验证了HFSC中此蛋白质的缺失导致其活化的事实(n=12对同窝仔)。最后,Lgr5CreER转基因的Ires-GFP以及Ki-67的免疫荧光和使用K15CrePR、Mpc1fl/fl、lsl-Tomato小鼠的谱系追踪也证明HFSC在通过他莫昔芬或米非司酮诱导Mpc1缺失后确实是增殖的(图6B)。
UK-5099(在本文中也称为JXL001)是一种成熟的线粒体丙酮酸载体药理学抑制剂,并且已知因此在各种设定下都促进乳酸产生。UK-5099具有以下结构:
用UK-5099在休止期(第50天)对动物进行局部治疗导致毛发周期的剧烈加速,以及毛囊间表皮的轻微过度增殖(图7A)。对至少6对动物(媒介物对UK-5099)的毛发周期进行的定量表明,毛发周期在短短6至9天内强烈加速(图7B)。类似于Mpc1的基因缺失,UK-5099在休止期内对线粒体丙酮酸载体进行的48小时药理学阻断促进了HFSC和毛囊间表皮中Ldh活性的增加,这与乳酸产生能力的增加一致(图7C)。最后,代谢组学分析证明,局部施加UK-5099增加了分选的HFSC中的总乳酸水平(图7D)。
合成了能够局部促进乳酸水平的增加并因此驱动毛发周期的化合物。
所述化合物通常通过以下制备:对应的醛,例如对于JXL001,1-苯基吲哚-3-甲醛,与氰基乙酸乙酯在40%L-脯氨酸水溶液的存在下反应,只得到2-氰基-3-(1-苯基吲哚-3基)丙烯酸乙酯的E-异构体,例如JXL004。用温和的氢氧化锂水解所述酯得到酸的E-异构体,例如JXL001。所有其他化合物均使用特定醛通过类似方法制备。JXL023和JXL024这两种杂环化合物是由1-苯基-吲哚-3-甲醛与噻唑烷-2,4-二酮和2-亚氨基噻唑烷-4-酮缩合制备的。所有化合物的结构均使用常规有机化学方法确定,尤其是高场质子、碳和氟NMR光谱。具体地,3JC-H耦合测量证明这些化合物都具有关于关键碳-碳双键的E立体化学。
为了确定这些化合物是否能够促进细胞乳酸产生,我们用这些化合物处理培养的上皮细胞,并使用Nova Biomedical BioProfile Basic Analyzer测量培养基中的乳酸水平。简而言之,培养的上皮细胞用DMSO、UK-5099(也称为JXL001)或本文公开的某些示例性化合物处理24-30小时,并且测量培养基乳酸水平并将其归一化为细胞数量和实验持续时间以获得细胞乳酸产生率(nmol乳酸,百万细胞,小时)。结果在图8和图9中示出。
经处理的细胞的乳酸产生率显示在图8中。正如所预期,由于它们是UK-5099类似物,大多数被测定的新型化合物中都增加了乳酸产量。进行单独的测定以计算一些化合物的EC50,如图10所示。
为了确定化合物对毛发周期的功效,将小鼠在出生后第50天剃毛,并每隔一天用混悬在洗剂中的本文公开的化合物局部处理持续3周。如图11所示,在体外测定中显示出促进乳酸产生能力的所有类似物也能够在2周的过程中刺激毛发生长。
药物组合物
本发明的组合物和方法可用于治疗有需要的个体。在某些实施方案中,所述个体是哺乳动物,诸如人或非人哺乳动物。当施用于动物诸如人时,组合物或化合物优选以药物组合物形式施用,所述药物组合物包含例如本发明的化合物和药学上可接受的载体。药学上可接受的载体是本领域熟知的,并且包括例如水溶液,诸如水或生理缓冲盐水或其他溶剂或媒介物,诸如二醇类、甘油、油类诸如橄榄油或可注射的有机酯类。在优选的实施方案中,当此类药物组合物施用于人时,特别是用于侵入性施用途径(即,诸如规避通过上皮屏障的运输或扩散的注射或植入的途径)时,水溶液是无热原或基本上无热原的。可以选择赋形剂,例如以实现剂的延迟释放或选择性地靶向一种或多种细胞、组织或器官。药物组合物可以呈剂量单位形式,诸如片剂、胶囊(包括分散型胶囊和明胶胶囊)、颗粒剂、用于重构的冻干剂、散剂、溶液、糖浆剂、栓剂、注射剂等。所述组合物也可以存在于透皮递送系统中,例如皮肤贴剂。所述组合物也可以存在于适合局部施用的溶液,诸如洗剂、乳膏或软膏中。
药学上可接受的载体可以含有生理上可接受的剂,所述剂例如起到稳定化合物(诸如本发明的化合物)、增加其溶解性或增加其吸收的作用。此类生理上可接受的剂包括例如碳水化合物,诸如葡萄糖、蔗糖或葡聚糖;抗氧化剂,诸如抗坏血酸或谷胱甘肽;螯合剂;低分子量蛋白质或其他稳定剂或赋形剂。药学上可接受的载体(包括生理上可接受的剂)的选择取决于(例如)组合物的施用途径。制剂或药物组合物可以是自乳化药物递送系统或自微乳化药物递送系统。药物组合物(制剂)也可以是脂质体或其他聚合物基质,其中可以掺入例如本发明的化合物。脂质体,例如包含磷脂或其他脂质的脂质体,是制造和施用相对简单的无毒的、生理上可接受的和可代谢的载体。
本文采用短语“药学上可接受的”指在合理医学判断范围内、适用于与人和动物组织接触而没有过量毒性、刺激、过敏反应或其他问题或并发症、与合理的利益/风险比相称的那些化合物、材料、组合物和/或剂型。
本文采用的短语“药学上可接受的载体”意指药学上可接受的材料、组合物或媒介物,诸如液体或固体填充剂、稀释剂、赋形剂、溶剂或包封材料。每种载体在可与制剂的其他成分相容并且不损伤患者的意义上必须是“可接受的”。可以用作药学上可接受的载体的材料的一些实例包括:(1)糖,诸如乳糖、葡萄糖以及蔗糖;(2)淀粉,诸如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;(3)纤维素和它的衍生物,诸如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素以及乙酸纤维素;(4)黄芪胶粉;(5)麦芽;(6)明胶;(7)滑石;(8)赋形剂,诸如可可脂和栓剂蜡;(9)油,诸如花生油、棉籽油、红花油、芝麻油、橄榄油、玉米油以及大豆油;(10)二醇,诸如丙二醇;(11)多元醇,诸如甘油、山梨醇、甘露醇以及聚乙二醇;(12)酯,诸如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;(13)琼脂;(14)缓冲剂,诸如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;(15)褐藻酸;(16)无热原质水;(17)等渗盐水;(18)林格式溶液;(19)乙醇;(20)磷酸盐缓冲溶液;以及(21)药物制剂中采用的其他无毒相容性物质。
药物组合物(制剂)可以通过多种施用途径中的任一种施用给受试者,所述施用途径包括例如口服(例如,用于施加到舌的在水或非水溶液或混悬剂中的浸液、片剂、胶囊(包括分散型胶囊和明胶胶囊)、大丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、糊剂);通过口腔粘膜吸收(例如,舌下);皮下;透皮(例如,作为施加到皮肤的贴剂);和局部施用(例如,作为施加到皮肤的乳膏、软膏或喷雾剂)。所述化合物还可以被配制成用于吸入。在某些实施方案中,化合物可以简单地溶解或混悬于无菌水中。适当的施用途径和适用于其的组合物的细节可以在例如美国专利号6,110,973、5,763,493、5,731,000、5,541,231、5,427,798、5,358,970和4,172,896以及其中引用的专利中找到。
制剂可以方便地以单位剂型存在并且可以通过药学领域中熟知的任何方法来制备。可与载体材料组合以产生单剂型的活性成分的量将根据被治疗的宿主、特定的施用方式而变化。可以与载体材料组合以制备单一剂型的活性成分的量通常将是产生治疗作用的化合物的量。一般来说,在一百份中,此量将在约1%至约99%活性成分的范围内,优选约5%至约70%,最优选约10%至约30%。
制备这些制剂或组合物的方法包括使活性化合物(诸如本发明的化合物)与载体和任选地一种或多种辅助成分缔合的步骤。一般来说,通过将本发明的化合物与液体载体、或精细分开的固体载体、或两者均匀且密切地缔合,然后必要时使产物成形来制备制剂。
适用于口服施用的本发明的制剂可呈以下形式:胶囊(包括分散型胶囊和明胶胶囊)、扁囊剂、丸剂、片剂、锭剂(使用经调味的基质,通常为蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或西黄蓍胶)、冻干剂、散剂、颗粒剂或作为水性液体或非水性液体中的溶液或混悬剂、或作为水包油或油包水乳剂、或作为酏剂或糖浆剂、或作为软锭剂(pastille)(使用惰性基质,诸如明胶和甘油,或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶)和/或为漱口剂等,每种均含有预定量的作为活性成分的本发明化合物。组合物或化合物还可以作为大丸剂、糖饵剂(electuary)或糊剂施用。
为了制备口服施用的固体剂型(胶囊(包括分散型胶囊和明胶胶囊)、片剂、丸剂、糖锭剂、散剂、颗粒剂等),将所述活性成分与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体(诸如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙)和/或以下中的任何一种进行混合:(1)填充剂或增充剂,诸如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇、和/或硅酸;(2)粘合剂,例如像,羧甲基纤维素、海藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和/或阿拉伯胶;(3)保湿剂,诸如甘油;(4)崩解剂,诸如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、海藻酸、某些硅酸盐、以及碳酸钠;(5)溶解延迟剂,诸如石蜡;(6)吸收加速剂,诸如季铵化合物;(7)润湿剂,例如像,鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯;(8)吸收剂,诸如高岭土和膨润土;(9)润滑剂,诸如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸钠及其混合物;(10)络合剂,诸如修饰和未修饰的环糊精;以及(11)着色剂。在胶囊(包括分散型胶囊和明胶胶囊)、片剂和丸剂的情况下,药物组合物还可以包含缓冲剂。在使用赋形剂(诸如乳糖(lactose)或乳糖(milk sugar))以及高分子量聚乙二醇等的软质和硬质填充的明胶胶囊中还可采用相似类型的固体组合物作为填充剂。
片剂可以通过压制或模制来制备,任选地具有一种或多种辅助成分。可以使用粘合剂(例如,明胶或羟丙基甲基纤维素)、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、崩解剂(例如,羟基乙酸淀粉钠或交联羧甲基纤维素钠)、表面活性剂或分散剂来制备压缩片剂。模制片剂可以通过在合适的机器中模制用惰性液体稀释剂湿润的粉末状化合物的混合物来制备。
片剂和其他药物组合物的固体剂型,诸如糖锭剂、胶囊(包括分散型胶囊和明胶胶囊)、丸剂和颗粒剂可以任选地被划线或用包衣和外壳,诸如肠溶包衣或药物配制领域熟知的其他包衣来制备。还可以使用例如,用于提供所需释放特征的不同比例的羟丙基甲基纤维素、其他聚合物基质、脂质体和/或微球将它们配制成用于提供其中所含活性成分的缓慢释放或受控释放。可以通过例如过滤通过截留细菌的滤膜或通过在使用前即刻掺入呈可以溶于无菌水或一些其他无菌可注射介质的无菌固体组合物形式的灭菌剂将它们灭菌。这些组合物还可任选地含有遮光剂并且可具有它们仅在或优先在胃肠道的某一部分中任选地以延迟方式释放活性成分的组成。可以使用的包埋组合物的实例包括聚合物质和蜡。所述活性成分还可以呈微囊化形式,在适当情况下,具有一种或多种上述赋形剂。
可用于口服施用的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳剂、用于重构的冻干剂、微乳剂、溶液、混悬剂、糖浆剂和酏剂。除活性成分以外,液体剂型可含有通常在本领域中使用的惰性稀释剂,例如像水或其他溶剂、环糊精及其衍生物、溶解剂和乳化剂诸如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、油(具体地是棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、胚芽油、橄榄油、蓖麻油以及芝麻油)、甘油、四氢糠醇、聚乙二醇和山梨醇酐的脂肪酸酯及其混合物。
除了惰性稀释剂,所述口服组合物还可包含助剂,诸如润湿剂、乳化剂和助悬剂、甜味剂、矫味剂、着色剂、芳香剂和防腐剂。
除活性化合物以外,混悬剂还可含有助悬剂,例如像乙氧基化异硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇和脱水山梨糖醇酯、微晶纤维素、偏氢氧化铝、膨润土、琼脂和黄蓍胶及其混合物。
用于局部或透皮施用的剂型包括散剂、喷雾剂、软膏、糊剂、乳膏、洗剂、凝胶剂、溶液、贴剂以及吸入剂。可以在无菌条件下将活性化合物与药学上可接受的载体以及与可能需要的任何防腐剂、缓冲剂、或推进剂进行混合。
除活性化合物以外,所述软膏、糊剂、乳膏和凝胶剂可含有赋形剂,诸如动物和蔬菜脂肪、油、蜡、石蜡、淀粉、黄蓍胶、纤维素衍生物、聚乙二醇、硅酮、膨润土、硅酸、滑石和氧化锌或其混合物。
除活性化合物以外,散剂和喷雾剂可含有赋形剂诸如乳糖、滑石、硅酸、氢氧化铝、硅酸钙和聚酰胺粉末或这些物质的混合物。喷雾剂可另外含有常规推进剂,诸如氯氟烃和挥发性未取代的烃(诸如丁烷或丙烷)。
透皮贴剂具有提供本发明化合物向身体的受控递送的附加优点。此类剂型还可通过将活性化合物溶解或分散于适当的介质中来制备。吸收增强剂也可以用于增加化合物穿过皮肤的通量。这种通量的速率可以通过提供速率控制膜或将化合物分散于聚合物基质或凝胶中来控制。
如本文所用的短语“肠胃外施用”和“肠胃外地施用”意指除了肠内施用和局部施用以外的、通常通过注射进行的施用方式,并且包括但不限于静脉内、肌肉内、动脉内、鞘内、囊内、眼眶内、心内、真皮内、腹膜内、经气管、皮下、表皮下、关节内、囊下、蛛网膜下、脊柱内以及胸骨内注射和输注。适合于肠胃外施用的药物组合物包含一种或多种活性化合物与一种或多种药学上可接受的无菌等渗水性溶液或非水性溶液、分散液、混悬剂或乳剂,或可在临使用前复原成无菌可注射溶液或分散液的无菌散剂的组合,所述组合可以含有抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂、使制剂与预期受体的血液等渗的溶质、或助悬剂或增稠剂。
可用于本发明的药物组合物中的合适的水性和非水性载体的实例包括水、乙醇、多元醇(诸如甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇等)和其合适的混合物、植物油(诸如橄榄油)和可注射有机酯(诸如油酸乙酯)。适当流动性可以例如通过使用包衣材料(诸如卵磷脂)、在分散液的情况下通过维持所需粒度以及通过使用表面活性剂加以维持。
这些组合物也可含有助剂,诸如防腐剂、润湿剂、乳化剂和分散剂。可以通过包含各种抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂诸如对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸等确保对微生物作用的预防。还可合乎需要的是在组合物中包含等渗剂,诸如糖、氯化钠等。另外,可通过包含延迟吸收的剂(诸如单硬脂酸铝和明胶)来实现可注射药物形式的延迟吸收。
在一些情况下,为了延长药物的效果,需要减缓皮下注射或肌肉内注射的药物的吸收。这可通过使用具有低水溶性的结晶或无定形材料的液态混悬剂来实现。药物的吸收速率则取决于其溶解速率,溶解速率进而可取决于晶体大小和晶形。可替代地,通过将药物溶解或混悬于油媒介物中来完成肠胃外施用的药物形式的延迟吸收。
可注射储库式形式是通过在诸如聚乳酸交酯-聚乙交酯等可生物降解聚合物中形成主题化合物的微囊化基质来制备。根据药物与聚合物的比率和所采用的特定聚合物的性质,可控制药物释放的速率。其他可生物降解聚合物的实例包括聚(原酸酯)和聚(酸酐)。还通过将药物包埋在与身体组织相容的脂质体或微乳液中来制备储库式可注射制剂。
为了用于本发明的方法,可以本身或作为含有例如0.1%至99.5%(更优选0.5%至90%)的活性成分与药学上可接受的载体组合的药物组合物来提供活性化合物。
引入的方法也可由可再充电或可生物降解装置提供。关于药物(包括蛋白质生物制药)的受控递送,近年来已经开发了各种缓释聚合物装置并在体内进行了测试。包括可生物降解和不可降解的聚合物二者在内的多种生物相容性聚合物(包括水凝胶)可用于形成植入物,以在特定靶标部位持续释放化合物。
药物组合物中的活性成分的实际剂量水平可以改变,以便获得对于特定患者、组合物以及施用方式有效实现所需治疗反应,而对患者无毒的活性成分的量。
选择的剂量水平将取决于多种因素,包括使用的特定化合物或化合物组合或其酯、盐或酰胺的活性、施用途径、施用时间、使用的特定化合物的排泄速率、治疗的持续时间、与所使用的特定化合物组合使用的其他药物、化合物和/或材料、所治疗患者的年龄、性别、体重、病状、综合的健康状态和先前的病史,以及在医学领域熟知的类似因素。
具有本领域中的普通技艺的医师或兽医可以容易地判定和开具治疗有效量的所需药物组合物。例如,医师或兽医可以低于为达到所需治疗作用所需水平的水平开始药物组合物或化合物剂量且逐渐增加剂量,直至达到所需作用。“治疗有效量”意指足以引起所需治疗效应的化合物的量。通常应理解,化合物的有效量将根据受试者的体重、性别、年龄和病史而变化。影响有效量的其他因素可以包括但不限于患者病状的严重性、所治疗的病症、化合物的稳定性,以及需要时,与本发明的化合物一起施用的另一种类型的治疗剂。通过多次施用所述剂可以递送更大的总剂量。确定功效和剂量的方法是本领域技术人员已知的(Isselbacher等人(1996)Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine第13版,1814-1882,以引用的方式并入本文)。
一般来说,用于本发明的组合物和方法中的活性化合物的合适日剂量将为化合物有效产生治疗作用的最低剂量的量。这种有效剂量将通常取决于上述因素。
需要时,活性化合物的有效日剂量可以任选地以单位剂型作为在全天内以适当间隔分开施用的一个、两个、三个、四个、五个、六个或更多个亚剂量来施用。在本发明的某些实施方案中,活性化合物可以每天施用两次或三次。在优选的实施方案中,活性化合物将每天施用一次。
在某些其他实施方案中,活性化合物可以低于每天的给药频率施用,诸如每隔一天、每周一次或每周两次。
在各种实施方案中,活性化合物可以间歇地施用。例如,活性化合物可以每天施用一次或每隔一天施用一次,持续一个月,然后是不施用活性化合物的一个月。上述给药模式可以循环重复;例如,在一年中,活性化合物可以每天施用一次或每隔一天施用一次,持续六个非连续(例如,交替开/关)月。
接受这种治疗的患者为任何有需要的动物,包括灵长类动物,特别是人;以及其他哺乳动物,例如马、牛、猪、绵羊、猫和狗;家禽;以及一般的宠物。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的化合物可以单独使用或与另一种类型的治疗剂联合施用。
本公开包括本发明的化合物的药学上可接受的盐在本发明的组合物和方法中的用途。在某些实施方案中,本发明所考虑的盐包括但不限于烷基、二烷基、三烷基或四烷基铵盐。在某些实施方案中,本发明所考虑的盐包括但不限于L-精氨酸、苯乙苄胺(benenthamine)、苄星(benzathine)、甜菜碱、氢氧化钙、胆碱、地阿诺(deanol)、二乙醇胺、二乙胺、2-(二乙氨基)乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-甲基葡糖胺、海巴明(hydrabamine)、1H-咪唑、锂、L-赖氨酸、镁、4-(2-羟乙基)吗啉、哌嗪、钾、1-(2-羟乙基)吡咯烷、钠、三乙醇胺、氨丁三醇和锌盐。在某些实施方案中,本发明所考虑的盐包括但不限于Na、Ca、K、Mg、Zn或其他金属盐。在某些实施方案中,本发明所考虑的盐包括但不限于1-羟基-2-萘甲酸、2,2-二氯乙酸、2-羟基-乙磺酸、2-氧代戊二酸、4-乙酰氨基苯甲酸、4-氨基水杨酸、乙酸、己二酸、l-抗坏血酸、l-天冬氨酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、(+)-樟脑酸、(+)-樟脑-10-磺酸、癸酸(capricacid/decanoic acid)、己酸(caproic acid/hexanoic acid)、辛酸(caprylic acid/octanoic acid)、碳酸、肉桂酸、柠檬酸、环己氨磺酸(cyclamic acid)、十二烷基硫酸、乙烷-1,2-二磺酸、乙磺酸、甲酸、富马酸、半乳糖二酸、龙胆酸、d-葡庚糖酸、d-葡萄糖酸、d-葡糖醛酸、谷氨酸、戊二酸、甘油磷酸、乙醇酸、马尿酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、异丁酸、乳酸、乳糖酸、月桂酸、马来酸、l-苹果酸、丙二酸、苯基乙醇酸、甲磺酸、萘-1,5-二磺酸、萘-2-磺酸、尼克酸、硝酸、油酸、草酸、棕榈酸、双羟萘酸、磷酸、丙酸、l-焦谷氨酸、水杨酸、癸二酸、硬脂酸、琥珀酸、硫酸、l-酒石酸、硫氰酸(thiocyanic acid)、对甲苯磺酸、三氟乙酸以及十一碳烯酸盐。
药学上可接受的酸加成盐也可以各种溶剂化物的形式存在,诸如与水、甲醇、乙醇、二甲基甲酰胺等的溶剂化物。也可以制备此类溶剂化物的混合物。此类溶剂化物的来源可以是来自结晶的溶剂,是制备或结晶的溶剂中固有的或者不溶于此类溶剂。
润湿剂、乳化剂和润滑剂诸如月桂基硫酸钠和硬脂酸镁以及着色剂、释放剂、包衣剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和芳香剂、防腐剂和抗氧化剂也可以存在于所述组合物中。
药学上可接受的抗氧化剂的实例包括:(1)水溶性抗氧化剂,诸如抗坏血酸、盐酸半胱氨酸、硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠等;(2)油溶性抗氧化剂,诸如抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、丁基化羟基茴香醚(BHA)、丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、卵磷脂、没食子酸丙酯、α-生育酚等;和(3)金属螯合剂,诸如柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、山梨糖醇、酒石酸、磷酸等。
定义
除非本文另外定义,否则本申请中使用的科学和技术术语应具有本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义。通常,本文所述的与化学、细胞和组织培养、分子生物学、细胞和癌症生物学、神经生物学、神经化学、病毒学、免疫学、微生物学、药理学、遗传学以及蛋白质和核酸化学结合使用的术语和技术是本领域熟知和常用的那些。
除非另外指示,否则本公开的方法和技术一般是根据本领域中熟知并且如本说明书通篇引用和论述的各种一般性和更特定参考文献中所述的常规方法来执行。参见例如,“Principles of Neural Science”,McGraw-Hill Medical,New York,N.Y.(2000);Motulsky,“Intuitive Biostatistics”,Oxford University Press,Inc.(1995);Lodish等人,“Molecular Cell Biology,第4版”,W.H.Freeman&Co.,New York(2000);Griffiths等人,“Introduction to Genetic Analysis,第7版”,W.H.Freeman&Co.,N.Y.(1999);和Gilbert等人,“Developmental Biology,第6版”,Sinauer Associates,Inc.,Sunderland,MA(2000)。
除非本文另外定义,否则本文使用的化学术语根据本领域中的常规用法来使用,如由“The McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemical Terms”,Parker S.编,McGraw-Hill,San Francisco,C.A.(1985)所示例的。
以上所有内容以及本申请中提及的任何其他公布、专利和公布的专利申请均以引用的方式明确并入本文。当发生冲突时,以本说明书(包括其特定定义)为准。
本文使用的术语“剂”表示化合物(诸如有机或无机化合物、化合物的混合物)、生物大分子(诸如核酸、抗体,包括其部分以及人源化、嵌合和人抗体以及单克隆抗体、蛋白质或其部分,例如肽、脂质、碳水化合物)或由生物材料诸如细菌、植物、真菌或动物(特别是哺乳动物)细胞或组织制成的提取物。剂包括例如结构已知的剂和结构未知的剂。此类剂抑制AR或促进AR降解的能力可以使它们适合作为本公开的方法和组合物中的“治疗剂”。
“患者”、“受试者”或“个体”可互换使用并且是指人或非人动物。这些术语包括哺乳动物,诸如人类、灵长类动物、家畜动物(包括牛、猪等)、伴侣动物(例如,犬、猫科动物等)以及啮齿动物(例如,小鼠和大鼠)。
“治疗”病症或患者是指采取措施以获得有益的或所需的结果,包括临床结果。如本文所用以及本领域中很好地理解的,“治疗”是用于获得有益的或所需的结果(包括临床结果)的方式。有益的或所需的临床结果可包括但不限于一种或多种症状或病症的减缓或改善、疾病程度的减小、疾病状态的稳定(即不恶化)、疾病扩散的预防、疾病进程的延缓或减慢、疾病状态的改善或缓和以及缓解(无论是部分缓解或是全部缓解),无论是可检测的或是不可检测的。“治疗”还可以意指与未接受治疗时期望的存活相比延长存活。
术语“预防”是本领域公认的,并且当相对于病状诸如局部复发(例如,疼痛)、疾病诸如癌症、征候诸如心力衰竭或任何其他医学病状使用时,是在本领域中所熟知的,并且包括施用组合物,相对于不接受所述组合物的受试者,所述组合物减少医学病状的症状的频率,或延缓其发病。因此,癌症的预防例如包括,例如以统计上和/或临床上显著的量,减少接受预防性治疗的患者群体相对于未治疗对照群体的可检测癌性生长的数量,和/或延缓治疗群体相对于未治疗对照群体的可检测癌性生长的出现。
向受试者“施用”物质、化合物或剂或者对物质、化合物或剂的“施用”可使用本领域的技术人员已知的各种方法中的一种来实施。例如,化合物或剂可通过以下方式施用:静脉内、动脉内、真皮内、肌内、腹膜内、皮下、经眼部、舌下、口服(通过摄取)、鼻内(通过吸入)、脊柱内、脑内以及透皮(通过吸收,例如,通过皮肤管)。化合物或剂还可适当地通过可再充电或可生物降解聚合物装置或其他提供对化合物或剂的延长的、缓慢的或受控的释放的装置(例如贴剂和泵剂)或制剂来引入。施用还可以例如进行一次、多次和/或在一个或多个延长时间段内进行。
向受试者施用物质、化合物或剂的适当方法还将取决于例如受试者的年龄和/或身体状况以及化合物或剂的化学和生物特性(例如,溶解性、可消化性、生物可用性、稳定性以及毒性)。在一些实施方案中,化合物或剂例如通过摄取向受试者口服施用。在一些实施方案中,口服施用化合物或剂在延长释放或缓慢释放的制剂中,或使用用于此缓慢或延长释放的装置来施用。
如本文所用,短语“联合施用”是指两种或更多种不同治疗剂的任何形式的施用,使得当先前施用的治疗剂在体内仍然有效时施用第二剂(例如,两种剂在患者中同时有效,其可以包括两种剂的协同作用)。例如,不同的治疗化合物可以在相同的制剂中或在单独的制剂中同时地或依序地施用。因此,接受这种治疗的个体可以受益于不同治疗剂的组合作用。
药物或剂的“治疗有效量”或“治疗有效剂量”是药物或剂当向受试者施用时将具有预期的治疗性作用的量。完全的治疗性作用并不一定通过施用一次剂量而出现,而可能仅在施用一系列剂量之后才出现。因此,可以一次或多次施用来施用治疗有效量。受试者所需的精确有效量将取决于例如受试者的身材、健康和年龄,以及受治疗的病状(诸如癌症或MDS)的性质和程度。技术人员可以易于通过常规实验确定给定情况的有效量。
术语“酰基”是本领域公认的,并且是指由通式烃基C(O)-,优选烷基C(O)-表示的基团。
术语“酰基氨基”是本领域公认的,并且是指被酰基取代的氨基,并且可以例如由式烃基C(O)NH-表示。
术语“酰氧基”是本领域公认的,并且是指由通式烃基C(O)O-,优选烷基C(O)O-表示的基团。
术语“烷氧基”是指连接有氧的烷基。代表性烷氧基包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、叔丁氧基等。
术语“烷氧基烷基”是指被烷氧基取代的烷基,并且可以由通式烷基-O-烷基表示。
术语“烷基”是指饱和脂族基团,包括直链烷基、支链烷基、环烷基(脂环族)基团、烷基取代的环烷基和环烷基取代的烷基。在优选的实施方案中,直链或支链烷基在其主链中具有30个或更少的碳原子(例如,对于直链为C1-30,对于支链为C3-30),并且更优选为20个或更少。
此外,在整个说明书、实施例和权利要求书中使用的术语“烷基”旨在包括未取代的和取代的烷基,后者是指在烃主链的一个或多个碳原子上具有替换氢的取代基的烷基部分,包括卤代烷基,诸如三氟甲基和2,2,2-三氟乙基等。
当与诸如酰基、酰氧基、烷基、烯基、炔基或烷氧基的化学部分结合使用时,术语“Cx-y”或“Cx-Cy”意指包括在链中含有x至y个碳的基团。C0烷基表示氢,其中基团在末端位置,如果在内部则为键。例如,C1-6烷基在链中含有1至6个碳原子。
如本文所用,术语“烷基氨基”是指被至少一个烷基取代的氨基。
如本文所用,术语“烷硫基”是指被烷基取代的硫醇基,并且可以由通式烷基S-表示。
如本文所用,术语“酰胺”是指基团
其中R9和R10各自独立地表示氢或烃基,或者R9和R10与它们所连接的N原子一起形成在环结构中具有4至8个原子的杂环。
术语“胺”和“氨基”是本领域公认的,并且是指未取代的和取代的胺及其盐,例如可以由下式表示的部分
其中R9、R10和R10’各自独立地表示氢或烃基,或者R9和R10与它们所连接的N原子一起形成在环结构中具有4至8个原子的杂环。
如本文所用,术语“氨基烷基”是指被氨基取代的烷基。
如本文所用,术语“芳烷基”是指被芳基取代的烷基。
如本文所用,术语“芳基”包括取代或未取代的单环芳族基团,其中环的每个原子为碳。优选地,所述环是5至7元环,更优选6元环。术语“芳基”还包括具有两个或更多个环的多环系统,其中两个或更多个碳是两个相邻环共有的,其中至少一个环是芳族的,例如,其他环可以是环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基。芳基包括苯、萘、菲、苯酚、苯胺等。
术语“氨基甲酸酯”是本领域公认的,并且是指以下基团
其中R9和R10独立地表示氢或烃基。
如本文所用,术语“碳环基烷基”是指被碳环基团取代的烷基。
如本文所用,术语“碳环”、“碳环基”和“碳环的”是指其中环的每个原子为碳的非芳族饱和或不饱和环。优选地,碳环含有3至10个原子,更优选5至7个原子。
如本文所用,术语“碳环基烷基”是指被碳环基团取代的烷基。
术语“碳酸酯”是本领域公认的,并且是指基团-OCO2-。
如本文所用,术语“羧基”是指由式--CO2H表示的基团。
如本文所用,术语“酯”是指基团-C(O)OR9,其中R9表示烃基。
如本文所用,术语“醚”是指通过氧连接至另一个烃基的烃基。因此,烃基的醚取代基可以是烃基-O-。醚可以是对称的或不对称的。醚的实例包括但不限于杂环-O-杂环和芳基-O-杂环。醚包括“烷氧基烷基”基团,其可以由通式烷基-O-烷基表示。
如本文所用,术语“卤基”和“卤素”意指卤素,并且包括氯、氟、溴和碘。
如本文所用,术语“杂芳烷基(hetaralkyl)”和“杂芳烷基(heteroaralkyl)”是指被杂芳基取代的烷基。
术语“杂芳基(heteroaryl)”和“杂芳基(hetaryl)”包括取代或未取代的芳族单环结构,优选5至7元环,更优选5至6元环,其环结构包含至少一个杂原子,优选一至四个杂原子,更优选一个或两个杂原子。术语“杂芳基(heteroaryl)”和“杂芳基(hetaryl)”还包括具有两个或更多个环的多环系统,其中两个或更多个碳是两个相邻环共有的,其中至少一个环是杂芳族的,例如,其他环可以是环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基。杂芳基包括例如吡咯、呋喃、噻吩、咪唑、噁唑、噻唑、吡唑、吡啶、吡嗪、哒嗪和嘧啶等。
如本文所用,术语“杂原子”意指除碳或氢以外的任何元素的原子。优选的杂原子是氮、氧和硫。
如本文所述的术语“杂环基烷基”是指被杂环基团取代的烷基。
术语“杂环基”、“杂环”和“杂环的”是指取代或未取代的非芳族环结构,优选3至10元环,更优选3至7元环,其环结构包含至少一个杂原子,优选一至四个杂原子,更优选一个或两个杂原子。术语“杂环基”和“杂环的”还包括具有两个或更多个环的多环系统,其中两个或更多个碳是两个相邻环共有的,其中至少一个环是杂环的,例如,其他环可以是环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基。杂环基包括例如哌啶、哌嗪、吡咯烷、吗啉、内酯、内酰胺等。
如本文所用,术语“烃基”是指通过不具有=O或=S取代基的碳原子键合的基团,并且通常具有至少一个碳-氢键和主要为碳的主链,但是可以任选地包含杂原子。因此,出于本申请的目的,诸如甲基、乙氧基乙基、2-吡啶基和甚至三氟甲基的基团被认为是烃基,但是诸如乙酰基(其在连接碳上具有=O取代基)和乙氧基(其通过氧而不是碳连接)的取代基不是。烃基包括但不限于芳基、杂芳基、碳环、杂环、烷基、烯基、炔基及其组合。
如本文所用,术语“羟烷基”是指被羟基取代的烷基。
当与化学部分诸如酰基、酰氧基、烷基、烯基、炔基或烷氧基结合使用时,术语“低级”意指包括其中取代基中有十个或更少原子,优选六个或更少原子的基团。例如,“低级烷基”是指含有十个或更少,优选六个或更少的碳原子的烷基。在某些实施方案中,本文所定义的酰基、酰氧基、烷基、烯基、炔基或烷氧基取代基分别是低级酰基、低级酰氧基、低级烷基、低级烯基、低级炔基或低级烷氧基,无论它们是单独出现还是与其他取代基组合出现,诸如在叙述羟烷基和芳烷基中(在这种情况下,例如,当计算烷基取代基中的碳原子时,不计算芳基内的原子)。
术语“多环基”、“多环”和“多环的”是指两个或更多个环(例如,环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基、杂芳基和/或杂环基),其中两个或更多个原子是两个相邻环共用的,例如,环是“稠合环”。多环的每个环可以是取代或未取代的。在某些实施方案中,多环的每个环在环中含有3至10个原子,优选5至7个原子。
术语“硫酸酯”是本领域公认的,并且是指基团–OSO3H或其药学上可接受的盐。
术语“磺酰胺”是本领域公认的,并且是指由以下通式表示的基团
其中R9和R10独立地表示氢或烃基。
术语“亚砜”是本领域公认的,并且是指基团-S(O)-。
术语“磺酸酯”是本领域公认的,并指基团SO3H或其药学上可接受的盐。
术语“砜”是本领域公认的,并且是指基团–S(O)2-。
术语“取代的”是指在主链的一个或多个碳上具有替换氢的取代基的部分。应理解,“取代”或“被……取代”包括隐含的条件,即这种取代是根据取代原子和取代基的允许化合价,并且所述取代产生稳定的化合物,例如,其不会自发地进行诸如通过重排、环化、消除等的转化。如本文所用,术语“取代的”考虑包括有机化合物的所有可允许的取代基。在广义方面,可允许的取代基包括有机化合物的非环状的和环状的、支链的和非支链的、碳环的和杂环的、芳族的和非芳族的取代基。可允许的取代基可以是一个或多个取代基并且对于适当的有机化合物而言是相同或不同的。出于本发明的目的,杂原子诸如氮可以具有氢取代基和/或本文所述的有机化合物的满足杂原子的化合价的任何可允许的取代基。取代基可以包括本文所述的任何取代基,例如卤素、羟基、羰基(诸如羧基、烷氧基羰基、甲酰基或酰基)、硫代羰基(诸如硫代酸酯、硫代乙酸酯或硫代甲酸酯)、烷氧基、磷酰基、磷酸根、膦酸根、次膦酸根、氨基、酰胺基、脒、亚胺、氰基、硝基、叠氮基、巯基、烷硫基、硫酸根、磺酸根、磺酰胺基、亚磺酰胺基、磺酰基、杂环基、芳烷基或芳族或杂芳族部分。本领域技术人员将理解,如果合适,在烃链上取代的部分本身可以被取代。
如本文所用,术语“硫代烷基”是指被硫醇基团取代的烷基。
如本文所用,术语“硫酯”是指基团-C(O)SR9或–SC(O)R9
其中R9表示烃基。
如本文所用,术语“硫醚”等同于醚,其中氧被硫替换。
术语“脲”是本领域公认的并且可以由以下通式表示
其中R9和R10独立地表示氢或烃基。
如本文所用,术语“调节”包括抑制或压制功能或活性(诸如细胞增殖)以及增强功能或活性。
短语“药学上可接受的”是本领域公认的。在某些实施方案中,所述术语包括在合理医学判断范围内,适用于与人类和动物的组织相接触而没有过量毒性、刺激、过敏反应或其他问题或并发症、与合理的利益/风险比相称的组合物、赋形剂、助剂、聚合物以及其他材料和/或剂型。
“药学上可接受的盐”或“盐”在本文中用于是指适用于治疗患者或与患者的治疗相容的酸加成盐或碱加成盐。
如本文所用,术语“药学上可接受的酸加成盐”意指由式I或II表示的任何碱化合物的任何无毒的有机或无机盐。形成合适的盐的例示性无机酸包括盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸和磷酸,以及金属盐诸如正磷酸一氢钠和硫酸氢钾。形成合适的盐的例示性有机酸包括一元羧酸、二元羧酸和三元羧酸,诸如乙醇酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、马来酸、苯甲酸、苯乙酸、肉桂酸和水杨酸以及磺酸,诸如对甲苯磺酸和甲磺酸。可以形成一元酸盐或二元酸盐,并且此类盐可以水合形式、溶剂化形式或基本上无水形式存在。通常,式I或II的化合物的酸加成盐更易溶于水和各种亲水性有机溶剂,并且与它们的游离碱形式相比,通常表现出更高的熔点。合适的盐的选择是本领域技术人员已知的。可以使用其他非药学上可接受的盐,例如草酸盐,例如,用于分离供实验室使用的式I或II化合物,或用于随后转化为药学上可接受的酸加成盐。
如本文所用的术语“药学上可接受的碱加成盐”意指由式I或II表示的任何酸化合物或其任何中间体的任何无毒的有机或无机碱加成盐。形成合适的盐的例示性无机碱包括氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、氢氧化镁或氢氧化钡。形成合适的盐的例示性有机碱包括脂族、脂环族或芳族有机胺,诸如甲胺、三甲胺和甲基吡啶或氨。适当盐的选择将对本领域的技术人员是已知的。
可用于本公开的方法和组合物的许多化合物在其结构中具有至少一个立构中心。这个立构中心可以R或S构型存在,所述R和S符号根据Pure Appli.Chem.(1976),45,11-30中所描述的规则来使用。本公开考虑所有立体异构形式,诸如化合物、盐、前药或其混合物的对映异构体和非对映异构体形式(包括立体异构体的所有可能的混合物)。参见例如WO01/062726。
此外,某些含有烯基的化合物可以作为Z(同侧)或E(异侧)异构体存在。在每种情况下,本公开包括混合物和单独的个别异构体两者。
一些化合物也可以作为互变异构形式存在。尽管未在本文所述的式中明确指出,但此类形式意图包括在本公开的范围内。
“前药”或“药学上可接受的前药”是指一种化合物,其在施用之后在宿主中被代谢,例如水解或氧化以形成本公开的化合物(例如,式I或II的化合物)。前药的典型实例包括在活性化合物的官能部分上具有生物不稳定或可裂解(保护)基团的化合物。前药包括可以被氧化、还原、胺化、脱胺化、羟基化、脱羟基化、水解、脱水解、烷基化、脱烷基化、酰化、脱酰化、磷酸化或脱磷酸化以产生活性化合物的化合物。在美国专利6,875,751、7,585,851和7,964,580中公开了使用酯或氨基磷酸酯(phosphoramidate)作为生物不稳定或可裂解(保护)基团的前药的实例,其公开内容以引用的方式并入本文。本公开的前药被代谢以产生式I或II的化合物。本公开在其范围内包括本文所述化合物的前药。例如,在“Design ofProdrugs”Ed.H.Bundgaard,Elsevier,1985中描述了合适前药的选择和制备的常规程序。
如本文所用的术语“药学上可接受的载体”意指可用于配制用于医学或治疗性用途的药物的药学上可接受的材料、组合物或媒介物,诸如液体或固体填充剂、稀释剂、赋形剂、溶剂或包封材料。
如本文所用,术语“溶解度的对数”、“LogS”或“logS”在本领域中用于定量化合物的水溶性。化合物的水溶性显著地影响其吸收和分布特性。低溶解度通常伴随着不良吸收。LogS值是以摩尔/升为单位测量的溶解度的单位剥离对数(以10为底数)。
实施例
现已大体上描述本发明,参考以下实施例将更容易理解本发明,这些实施例被包括仅出于说明本发明的某些方面和实施方案的目的并且不意图限制本发明。
实施例1:示例性类似化合物的制备
向吲哚-3-甲醛(2.8mmol,411mg)的无水DMF(6mL)溶液中依序加入Cu2O(0.3当量,0.84mmol,120mg)、K2CO3(2.0当量,5.6mmol,774mg)和碘苯(2.0当量,5.6mmol,624μL)。将反应物搅拌并回流24h,此时TLC指示反应完成。冷却至21℃后,将反应混合物通过硅藻土垫(Celite pad)过滤,用乙酸乙酯洗脱。滤液用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,有机相用硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。通过快速柱色谱法(己烷/EtOAc=8:1)纯化残余物以提供所需产物。产率:89%,550.7mg。
向1-苯基-吲哚-3-甲醛(1mmol,221mg)的乙醇(1mL)溶液中加入2-氰基乙酸乙酯(1.3当量,1.3mmol,140μL)和L-脯氨酸(40mol%,0.4mmol,58mg)。反应在21℃下搅拌12h,黄色固体逐渐沉淀。反应完成后,向反应瓶中加入冰冷的水(2mL)。通过布氏漏斗过滤分离固体并用水(2mL×3)洗涤并干燥以提供所需产物。产率:95%,300mg。
向(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸乙酯(0.32mmol,100mg)的THF(2mL)溶液中加入0.5N LiOH溶液(3当量,0.6mmol,1.2mL)。将反应混合物在21℃下搅拌1h。TLC显示反应完成后,蒸发THF。逐滴加入浓HCl使反应混合物酸化至pH低于1,同时有黄色固体沉淀。向反应混合物中加入冰冷的水(5mL),通过布氏漏斗过滤分离固体并用水(5mL×3)洗涤。真空干燥后,固体用2mL混合溶剂(己烷/EtOAc=5:1)洗涤5至10次,通过TLC监测直至非极性杂质消失(非极性化合物为逆羟醛(retro-Aldol)缩合产物,可从滤液中回收)。最后,通过NMR检查产物的纯度。产率:65%,60mg。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL001/UK5099)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.59(s,1H),8.56(s,1H),8.06(m,1H),7.65(m,4H),7.53(m,2H),7.34(m,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6):δ164.5,145.6,137.7,136.3,133.6,130.5,128.9,128.0,125.0,124.9,123.3,119.9,118.4,111.9,96.7。
以下化合物通过类似于JXL001所述的路线合成:JXL002、JXL003、JXL004、JXL005、JXL006、JXL007、JXL012、JXL013、JXL014、JXL021、JXL025、JXL026、JXL027、JXL028、JXL029、JXL035、JXL093。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL002)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.48(s,1H),8.51(s,1H),8.49(s,1H),7.91(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),7.53(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.23(m,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.0,146.5,136.5,132.4,127.3,123.9,122.4,118.9,118.8,113.2,110.2,94.0。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸乙酯
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ12.55(s,1H),8.53(s,1H),8.52(s,1H),7.92(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.53(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.26(app.t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.22(app.t,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.24(q,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.26(t,J=7.0Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.6,147.0,136.6,133.0,127.3,124.0,122.5,118.9,118.4,113.3,110.3,92.6,61.8,14.5。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸乙酯(JXL004)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.71(s,1H),8.66(s,1H),7.90(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.54(m,6H),7.36(m,2H),4.39(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.42(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.6,145.6,137.8,136.4,133.2,129.9,128.5,124.8,124.4,123.0,118.5,117.9,111.6,111.5,95.4,62.0,14.3。
(E)-3-(6-氯-1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL005)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.67(s,1H),8.58(s,1H),7.81(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.60(m,2H),7.52(m,4H),7.34(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.39(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.41(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.4,145.1,137.3,136.8,133.5,130.5,130.0,128.8,126.8,124.8,123.6,119.5,117.5,111.6,111.4,96.4,62.1,14.2。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸乙酯(JXL006)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.67(s,1H),8.66(s,1H),7.89(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.49(app.t,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.35(app.t,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.30(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.13(m,2H),4.39(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.81(s,3H),1.41(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.8,154.2,146.0,137.2,135.2,130.3,127.8,126.0,124.0,122.6,120.8,118.2,118.0,112.3,111.8,111.0,94.7,61.8,55.7,14.3。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸乙酯(JXL007)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.65(s,1H),8.64(s,1H),7.89(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.44(m,3H),7.35(m,2H),7.07(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.38(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.90(s,3H),1.41(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.8,159.5,145.6,136.8,133.5,130.6,128.3,126.2,124.2,122.9,118.4,118.0,115.0,111.5,111.1,94.9,61.9,55.6,14.2。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL012)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.54(s,1H),8.52(s,1H),8.05(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.58(app.d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.44(m,1H),7.33(m,2H),7.16(app.d,J=8.7Hz,2H),3.82(s,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.7,160.5,136.7,133.9,130.5,127.8,126.6,124.8,123.2,120.0,119.5,118.6,115.6,115.4,111.9,110.9,55.9。
(E)-3-(6-氯-1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL013)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.58(br.s,1H),8.59(s,1H),8.54(s,1H),8.11(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.67(m,4H),7.53(m,2H),7.35(d,J=7.5Hz,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.3,145.4,137.3,136.7,134.4,130.6,129.6,129.1,126.7,125.1,123.5,121.5,118.2,111.6,111.3,97.9。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-(2-甲氧基苯基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL014)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.55(s,1H),8.47(s,1H),8.02(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.54(m,2H),7.31(m,3H),7.15(m,2H),3.74(s,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.6,154.2,145.8,137.3,135.1,131.1,128.2,127.3,125.7,124.6,123.0,121.5,119.3,118.5,113.6,112.2,110.8,96.1,56.2。
2-((1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)亚甲基)丙二腈(JXL021)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.62(s,1H),8.13(s,1H),7.80(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.61(m,2H),7.53(m,4H),7.40(m,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ149.8,137.3,136.5,133.6,130.1,128.9,127.7,124.9,124.8,123.7,118.2,115.1,115.0,111.9,111.8,73.7。
2-(乙氧羰基)-3-(1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(E/Z异构体的混合物,比率为1:1)(JXL025)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.08(br.s,1H),7.87(m,3H),7.61(m,4H),7.52(m,2H),7.30(m,2H),4.26(m,2H),1.23(m,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ168.9,167.8,166.1,164.9,138.3,136.1,132.9,132.1,131.1,130.9,130.8,128.5,124.9,124.4,122.6,122.2,119.5,111.6,111.0,61.7,61.3,14.7,14.4。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(4-氟-1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL026)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.65(s,1H),8.61(s,1H),7.67(m,4H),7.57(m,1H),7.36(m,2H),7.19(m,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.4,156.8(d,Jc-f=245.6Hz),146.4,138.7,137.6,133.4,130.7,129.5,125.9,125.4,118.2,116.3,116.2,109.5(d,Jc-f=34.5Hz),109.2(d,Jc-f=23.2Hz),98.0。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(6-氟-1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL027)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.59(br.s,1H),8.62(s,1H),8.59(s,1H),8.16(m,1H),7.66(m,4H),7.56(m,1H),7.36(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.25m,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.6,160.8(d,Jc-f=240.0Hz),145.7,137.6,136.6,134.4,130.8,129.1,125.0,124.7,121.6,118.4,111.8(d,Jc-f=24.2Hz),111.5,98.7(d,Jc-f=26.2Hz),97.7。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(7-氟-1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL028)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.62(br.s,1H),8.56(s,1H),8.47(s,1H),7.89(br.s,1H),7.61(m,5H),7.30(br.s,1H),7.17(br.s,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.4,149.7(d,Jc-f=247.5Hz),145.5,139.0,135.5,131.9,129.9,129.3,126.2,124.3,124.0,118.3,115.9,111.8,110.9(d,Jc-f=17.4Hz),98.1。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(5-氟-1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL029)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.57(br.s,1H),8.67(s,1H),8.60(s,1H),8.01(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.70(m,4H),7.58(m,2H),7.24(m,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.6,159.4(d,Jc-f=237.8Hz),145.8,137.7,135.1,133.1,130.7,129.2,129.1,125.2,118.5,113.7,113.2(d,Jc-f=26.5Hz),111.4,105.7(d,Jc-f=24.2Hz),97.2。
(E)-3-(4-氯-1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL035)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.22(s,1H),8.68(s,1H),7.64(m,3H),7.59(m,2H),7.48(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.38(m,1H),7.32(m,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.5,146.4,138.0,137.4,134.5,130.7,130.5,129.5,125.7,125.3,124.9,123.7,118.4,111.7,110.9,97.5。
(E)-3-(4-氯-1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL093)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.51(s,1H),8.78(s,1H),7.59(m,2H),7.51(m,3H),7.40(dd,J=8.3,0.8Hz,1H),7.32(dd,J=7.7,0.8Hz,1H),7.22(app.t,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.38(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.6,147.6,138.1,137.4,134.2,130.1,129.0,126.9,125.3,124.6,124.5,124.3,118.0,111.8,110.6,96.0,62.1,14.3。
JXL020合成的实验细节
在0℃下向吲哚-3-甲醛(3mmol,435mg)的无水DMF(6mL)溶液中加入3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基溴(1.2当量,3.6mmol,660μL)和KOH(1.2当量,3.6mmol,200mg)。将反应混合物在21℃下搅拌2h。TLC显示反应完成后,向反应瓶中加入水(6mL)。反应混合物用二氯甲烷(15mL×3)萃取。将合并的有机层用硫酸钠干燥并浓缩。通过快速柱色谱法(己烷/EtOAc=8:1)纯化残余物以提供所需产物。产率:90%,1001.7mg。
向1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-甲醛(1mmol,371mg)的乙醇(1mL)溶液中加入2-氰基乙酸乙酯(1.3当量,1.3mmol,140μL)和L-脯氨酸(40mol%,0.4mmol,58mg)。反应在21℃下搅拌12h,黄色固体逐渐沉淀。反应完成后,向反应瓶中加入冰冷的水(2mL)。通过布氏漏斗过滤分离固体并用水(2mL×3)洗涤并干燥以提供所需产物。产率:93%,433mg。
向(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(0.21mmol,100mg)的THF(2mL)溶液中加入0.5N LiOH溶液(3当量,0.4mmol,0.8mL)。将反应混合物在21℃下搅拌1h。TLC显示反应完成后,蒸发THF。逐滴加入浓HCl使反应混合物酸化至pH低于1,同时有黄色固体沉淀。向反应混合物中加入冰冷的水(5mL),通过布氏漏斗过滤分离固体并用水(5mL×3)洗涤。真空干燥后,固体用2mL混合溶剂(己烷/EtOAc=5:1)洗涤5至10次,通过TLC监测直至非极性杂质消失(非极性化合物为逆羟醛缩合产物,可从滤液中回收)。最后,通过NMR检查产物的纯度。产率:55%,52mg。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL020)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.37(br.s,1H),8.75(s,1H),8.48(s,1H),7.99(m,4H),7.65(s,1H),7.28(m,2H),5.83(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.7,145.7,140.3,136.3,134.8,131.1,130.8(q,J=31.1Hz),128.9,128.7,127.9,124.8,124.3,122.9(q,J=273.4Hz),122.2,119.3,118.3,95.6,49.2。
以下化合物通过类似于JXL020所述的路线合成:JXL008、JXL009、JXL010、JXL011、JXL015、JXL016、JXL017、JXL018、JXL019、JXL036、JXL037、JXL038、JXL039、JXL040、JXL041、JXL050、JXL051、JXL052、JXL053、JXL054、JXL055、JXL56、JXL057、JXL058、JXL059、JXL060、JXL061、JXL062、JXL063、JXL064、JXL065、JXL066、JXL068、JXL069、JXL072、JXL073、JXL076、JXL077、JXL078、JXL081、JXL082、JXL087、JXL088、JXL089、JXL090、JXL091。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-(4-氟苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸乙酯(JXL008)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.60(app.s,2H),7.85(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.32(m,3H),7.15(m,2H),7.03(app.t,2H),5.39(s,2H),4.37(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.7,162.5(d,Jc-f=247.7Hz),145.7,136.1,133.8,130.9,128.6,128.5,124.0,122.7,118.6,118.0,116.0(d,Jc-f=21.9Hz),110.9,110.4,94.6,61.9,50.7,14.2。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-(3,4-二氟苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸乙酯(JXL009)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.60(s,1H),8.59(s,1H),7.86(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.33(m,2H),7.28(s,1H),7.13(m,1H),6.95(m,1H),6.89(m,1H),5.39(s,2H),4.38(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.7,150.7(dd,J=251.2,13.2Hz),150.2(dd,J=250.4,12.6Hz),145.7,136.1,133.7,132.3,128.6,124.3,122.9,122.7,120.0,118.8,118.0(d,J=17.5Hz),115.9(d,J=18.0Hz),110.8,110.6,95.2,62.1,50.4,14.4.
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸乙酯(JXL010)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.61(s,1H),8.59(s,1H),7.87(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.33(m,2H),7.26(d,J=7.2Hz,1H),6.75(app.t,J=8.7Hz,1H),6.64(app.d,J=5.7Hz,2H),5.41(s,2H),4.38(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.6,163.3(dd,Jc-f=251.0,12.5Hz),145.5,139.2,136.0,133.6,128.4,124.3,122.9,118.7,118.0,110.7,110.6,109.5(dd,Jc-f=19.9,6.4Hz),103.8(t,Jc-f=25.2Hz),95.3,62.0,50.4,14.2。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL011)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.62(s,1H),8.61(s,1H),7.90(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.85(s,1H),7.57(s,2H),7.35(m,2H),7.23(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.56(s,2H),4.38(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.6,145.6,138.1,136.0,133.4,132.7(q,J=33.8Hz),128.6,126.8,124.7,123.2,122.9(q,J=273.4Hz),122.6,119.0,118.0,111.2,110.4,95.9,62.1,50.5,14.3。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-(4-氟苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL015)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.64(s,1H),8.46(s,1H),7.93(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.61(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.33(m,2H),7.26(m,2H),7.16(m,2H),5.60(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.8,162.0(d,Jc-f=244.3Hz),145.6,136.4,134.6,133.1,130.0,128.0,124.1,122.8,119.2,118.5,116.0(d,Jc-f=21.7Hz),112.0,109.8,95.0,49.6。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-(3,4-二氟苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL016)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.34(br.s,1H),8.62(s,1H),8.47(s,1H),7.94(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.61(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.40(m,2H),7.27(m,2H),7.10(br.s,1H),5.61(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.8,149.7(dd,Jc-f=253.3,13.6Hz),149.4(dd,Jc-f=246.3,11.6Hz),145.7,136.4,134.7,134.5,128.0,124.7(dd,Jc-f=5.9,3.0Hz),124.2,122.8,119.2,118.4,118.3(d,Jc-f=17.0Hz),117.1(d,Jc-f=17.6Hz),112.0,109.9,95.0,49.3。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL017)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.67(s,1H),8.48(s,1H),7.95(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),7.59(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),7.27(m,2H),7.15(s,1H),6.98(br.s,2H),5.65(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.8,162.9(dd,Jc-f=247.0,12.8Hz),145.6,141.4,136.4,134.8,128.0,124.2,122.9,119.3,118.4,111.9,111.0(d,Jc-f=26.1Hz),110.8,103.8(t,Jc-f=26.5Hz),95.5,49.5。
(E)-3-(1-苄基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL018)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.61(s,1H),8.60(s,1H),7.85(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.33(m,6H),7.17(m,2H),5.42(s,2H),4.37(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.8,145.7,136.2,135.1,134.0,129.0,128.5,128.2,126.8,124.0,122.6,118.5,118.1,111.0,110.3,94.3,61.8,51.4,14.2。
(E)-3-(1-苄基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL019)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ13.34(br.s,1H),8.65(s,1H),8.48(s,1H),7.93(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),7.60(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.25(m,7H),5.62(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.8,145.7,136.8,136.5,134.7,129.1,128.2,127.6,124.0,122.7,120.0,119.2,118.5,112.1,109.7,94.7,50.4。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-(3,4-二氟苄基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL036)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.69(s,1H),8.47(s,1H),7.84(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),7.63(dd,J=8.9,4.3Hz,1H),7.41(m,2H),7.14(m,2H),5.61(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.9,159.4(d,Jc-f=237.3Hz),149.8(dd,Jc-f=247.1,12.7Hz),149.5(dd,Jc-f=246.6,12.3Hz),146.0,136.1,134.5,133.1,129.1,125.0,118.5,118.4,117.4,113.6,112.5(d,Jc-f=26.2Hz),110.1,105.2(d,Jc-f=25.1Hz),95.5,49.7。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-(3,5-二氟苄基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL037)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.71(s,1H),8.48(s,1H),7.85(dd,J=9.6,2.0Hz,1H),7.62(dd,J=8.9,4.3Hz,1H),7.16(m,2H),7.00(app.d,J=6.2Hz,2H),5.65(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.9,163.0(d,Jc-f=247.7Hz),159.3(d,Jc-f=237.6Hz),145.9,141.4,136.3,133.2,129.1,118.5,113.6,112.6(d,Jc-f=26.3Hz),111.3,110.2,105.3(d,Jc-f=24.9Hz),104.0(t,Jc-f=25.2Hz),95.9,49.8。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-5-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL038)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.80(s,1H),8.49(s,1H),8.06(s,1H),8.04(s,2H),7.86(dd,J=9.6,2.1Hz,1H),7.69(dd,J=8.9,4.3Hz,1H),7.17(dt,J=9.0,2.2Hz,1H),5.83(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.8,159.3(d,Jc-f=237.5Hz),145.9,140.3,136.2,133.1,131.1(q,Jc-f=33.1Hz),129.1,123.6(q,Jc-f=272.2Hz),118.4,113.5,112.7,112.5,110.4,105.5,105.3,96.1,49.6。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-(3,4-二氟苄基)-6-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL039)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.64(s,1H),8.46(s,1H),7.99(dd,J=8.7,5.1Hz,1H),7.58(dd,J=9.8,1.8Hz,1H),7.43(m,2H),7.12(m,2H),5.57(s,2H).
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.8,160.3(d,Jc-f=239.3Hz),149.8(dd,Jc-f=239.3,25.2Hz),149.6(dd,Jc-f=246.3,25.2Hz),145.8,136.8,135.3,134.5,125.1,125.0,124.6,121.1,118.5,117.5,111.3(d,Jc-f=23.9Hz),110.2,98.7(d,Jc-f=26.5Hz),96.2,49.4。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(1-(3,5-二氟苄基)-6-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸(JXL040)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.65(s,1H),8.46(s,1H),8.00(dd,J=8.6,5.2Hz,1H),7.57(d,J=9.7Hz,1H),7.15(m,2H),7.03(s,1H),7.02(s,1H),5.62(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.8,163.0(d,Jc-f=239.4Hz),162.9(d,Jc-f=248.6Hz),160.4(d,Jc-f=239.4Hz),145.5,141.3,136.8,135.2,124.6,121.1,118.4,111.3,111.1,110.3,104.0(t,Jc-f=25.2Hz),98.7(d,Jc-f=26.5Hz),96.9,49.6。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-6-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL041)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.74(s,1H),8.48(s,1H),8.06(app.s,3H),8.01(dd,J=8.7,5.1Hz,1H),7.66(dd,J=9.8,2.0Hz,1H),7.13(dt,J=9.3,2.1Hz,1H),5.78(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.7,159.9(d,Jc-f=264.6Hz),145.8,140.2,136.8,135.3,131.1(q,Jc-f=33.3Hz),129.1,124.5,123.6(q,Jc-f=273.7Hz),122.5,121.2,118.4,111.4(d,Jc-f=25.2Hz),110.4,98.6(d,Jc-f=27.2Hz),96.7,49.4。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-4-氯-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL050)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.20(s,1H),8.90(s,1H),8.06(m,3H),7.72(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.32(m,2H),5.86(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.7,146.7,140.0,138.0,135.6,131.1(q,Jc-f=33.1Hz),129.1,125.6,125.1,124.7,124.5,123.7,123.6(q,Jc-f=273.7Hz),122.5,111.6,109.9,96.7,49.6。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-4-溴-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL051)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.37(s,1H),8.91(s,1H),8.07(app.s,3H),7.77(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.51(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.23(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.85(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.7,146.3,140.0,138.0,135.8,131.0(q,Jc-f=33.1Hz),129.1,127.9,125.4,124.9,123.7(q,Jc-f=273.2Hz),122.5,118.2,113.6,122.1,110.2,96.6,49.5。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-4-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL052)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.80(s,1H),8.58(s,1H),8.05(app.s,3H),7.54(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=12.9Hz,1H),7.09(dd,J=11.1,8.2Hz,1H),5.85(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.5,155.7(d,Jc-f=239.4Hz),146.5,140.1,138.8,134.5,131.1(q,Jc-f=33.0Hz),129.0,125.1(d,Jc-f=7.6Hz),124.7,123.6(q,Jc-f=273.5Hz),122.5,118.1,116.1(d,Jc-f=18.5Hz),108.8,108.5,97.2,49.7。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-7-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL053)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.73(br.s,1H),8.48(br.s,1H),8.06(br.s,1H),7.89(br.s,2H),7.78(br.s,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.22(br.s,1H),7.10(br.s,1H),5.89(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.6,159.7(d,Jc-f=245.7Hz),145.6,141.0,136.2,132.1,130.0(q,Jc-f=33.0Hz),128.4,123.9,123.8,123.6(q,Jc-f=273.3Hz),122.4(d,Jc-f=18.9Hz),118.1,115.8,110.6,110.2(d,Jc-f=18.9Hz),97.3,52.0。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-5-氯-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL054)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.78(s,1H),8.51(s,1H),8.12(s,1H),8.06(s,1H),8.03(s,2H),7.70(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.33(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),5.83(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.7,145.7,140.2,135.9,135.1,131.1(q,Jc-f=33.0Hz),129.3,129.0,127.9,124.4,123.6(q,Jc-f=274.0Hz),122.5,119.5,118.4,113.6,109.9,96.9,49.5。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-4-氰基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL055)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.03(s,1H),9.00(s,1H),8.09(m,4H),7.80(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.47(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),5.90(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.4,144.4,139.9,136.7,131.1(q,Jc-f=33.0Hz),129.7,129.2,126.6,124.3,123.6(q,Jc-f=273.7Hz),122.7,118.6,117.9,117.8,109.3,101.7,98.1,49.5。
(E)-1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-3-(2-羧基-2-氰基乙烯基)-1H-吲哚-4-羧酸(JXL056)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.26(br.s,1H),8.88(br.s,1H),8.05(app.s,3H),7.94(br.s,1H),7.76(br.s,1H),7.37(br.s,1H),5.85(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ169.3,165.0,150.6,140.2,137.7,136.0,131.1(q,Jc-f=33.0Hz),129.0,125.9,125.2,124.7,123.6(q,Jc-f=273.7Hz),123.5,122.5,118.3,116.1,110.1,96.4,49.3。
(E)-3-(4-(苄氧基)-1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL057)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.15(s,1H),8.72(s,1H),8.04(s,1H),7.99(s,2H),7.54(br.s,3H),7.37(br.s,2H),7.28(m,2H),6.95(s,1H),5.81(s,2H),5.28(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.0,153.7,148.6,140.5,137.9,133.4,131.2(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),128.9,128.8,128.1,127.5,125.4,124.7,123.6(q,Jc-f=273.7Hz),122.3,118.5,117.0,110.5,105.6,105.2,95.5,70.0,49.5。
(E)-3-(6-(苄氧基)-1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL058)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.63(s,1H),8.43(s,1H),8.05(s,1H),8.03(s,2H),7.86(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.32(m,6H),6.97(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.77(s,2H),5.09(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.0,156.7,146.1,140.5,137.5,137.3,134.3,131.0(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),128.9,128.8,128.3,128.2,126.9,123.6(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),122.4,121.9,118.5,113.3,110.5,96.8,95.6,70.2,49.2。
(E)-3-(7-(苄氧基)-1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL059)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.61(br.s,1H),8.45(br.s,1H),7.97(br.s,1H),7.60(br.s,2H),7.51(br.s,1H),7.25(br.s,2H),7.16(br.s,2H),6.91(br.s,1H),5.94(s,2H),5.13(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.8,146.6,145.7,142.3,136.6,135.4,130.7(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),130.5,128.8,128.4,128.0,127.5,125.7,124.1,123.6(q,Jc-f=273.7Hz),121.8,118.3,111.8,110.3,107.1,96.2,70.3,52.4。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-4-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL060)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.99(s,1H),8.71(s,1H),8.05(s,1H),8.00(s,2H),7.24(app.s,2H),6.82(d,J=6.0Hz,1H),5.81(s,2H),3.92(s,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.0,154.8,148.6,140.5,137.8,133.3,131.0(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),128.9,125.4,123.6(q,Jc-f=273.7Hz),122.5,118.5,116.8,110.5,105.0,104.3,95.3,56.2,49.5。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-5-溴-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL061)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.75(s,1H),8.49(s,1H),8.25(s,1H),8.06(s,1H),8.02(m,3H),7.64(app.s,1H),7.44(app.s,1H),5.82(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.7,145.3,140.3,135.5,135.3,131.1(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),129.8,128.9,127.0,124.7,123.6(q,Jc-f=274.0Hz),122.5,122.3,118.5,113.9,109.9,97.7,49.5。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-6-溴-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL062)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.72(s,1H),8.47(s,1H),8.06(s,2H),8.03(s,1H),7.94(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.39(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.81(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.7,145.6,140.2,137.4,135.3,131.1(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),129.1,127.0,125.9,123.6(q,Jc-f=274.0Hz),122.5,121.5,118.2,117.2,114.8,110.3,96.9,49.3。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-6-氯-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL063)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.75(s,1H),8.47(s,1H),8.05(m,3H),8.00(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.89(s,1H),7.28(d,J=6.5Hz,1H),5.81(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.7,145.6,140.2,137.0,135.4,131.1(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),129.2,129.0,126.7,123.6(q,Jc-f=274.0Hz),123.3,122.5,121.2,118.2,111.9,110.3,97.0,49.3。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-7-氯-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL064)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.69(s,1H),8.50(s,1H),8.03(s,1H),7.97(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.73(s,2H),7.32(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.25(m,1H),6.14(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.5,145.1,142.1,136.9,131.5,131.2(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),127.6,126.1,124.1,123.6(q,Jc-f=274.0Hz),122.5,122.0,118.8,118.0,116.9,110.3,97.9,51.8。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-4-溴-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL065)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.67(s,1H),8.71(s,1H),7.86(s,1H),7.56(s,2H),7.52(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.17(m,2H),5.55(s,2H),4.37(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ163.4,146.9,137.6,137.4,134.3,132.7(q,Jc-f=33.9Hz),128.2,126.7,125.6,125.1,122.8(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),122.7,118.0,114.9,111.8,109.9,96.3,62.2,50.6,14.3。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-4-氟-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL066)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.86(s,1H),8.61(s,1H),7.86(s,1H),7.56(s,2H),7.23(m,1H),7.01(m,2H),5.54(s,2H),4.37(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.39(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ163.1,157.4(d,J=243.9Hz),147.4,138.2(d,J=10.1Hz),137.8,133.2,132.7(q,Jc-f=33.9Hz),126.7,125.3,122.8(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),122.7,117.9,116.9(d,Jc-f=17.6Hz),110.0,109.0(d,Jc-f=19.5Hz),106.6,97.1,62.2,50.7,14.3。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸叔丁酯(JXL068)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.57(s,1H),8.54(s,1H),7.86(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.84(s,1H),7.56(s,2H),7.33(m,2H),7.22(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.55(s,2H),1.59(s,9H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ162.4,144.7,138.2,135.9,133.0,132.7(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),128.6,126.7,124.5,123.0,122.9(q,Jc-f=277.2Hz),122.6,119.0,118.2,111.1,110.4,97.7,82.9,50.4,28.1。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL069)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.85(s,1H),8.47(m,3H),8.09(s,2H),8.04(s,1H),7.35(dd,J=7.1,4.6Hz,1H),5.84(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ185.9,164.6,147.8,146.1,145.5,141.0,135.2,131.0(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),129.4,126.9,123.6(q,Jc-f=274.0Hz),122.3,120.1,119.1,118.2,97.1,47.8。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡咯并[3,2-b]吡啶-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL072)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.94(s,1H),8.68(s,1H),8.54(s,1H),8.11(m,4H),7.35(s,1H),5.87(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.5,145.9,144.2,140.1,135.9,131.1(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),129.6,129.2,124.7,123.6(q,Jc-f=274.0Hz),122.5,120.0,119.5,117.9,110.1,97.2,49.8。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL073)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.14(s,1H),8.96(s,1H),8.55(s,1H),8.40(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),8.19(s,2H),8.11(app.s,2H),5.95(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.5,145.5,140.7,139.9,138.1,134.5,133.6,131.1(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),129.4,127.2,123.6(q,Jc-f=274.0Hz),122.7,118.0,114.6,109.7,97.9,49.8。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-4-氯-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL076)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.00(s,1H),8.98(s,1H),8.36(s,1H),8.12(s,2H),8.04(br.s,1H),7.47(br.s,1H),5.85(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.4,148.7,145.8,145.7,140.2,136.1,135.3,131.0(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),129.5,123.6(q,Jc-f=274.0Hz),122.4,120.4,117.7,116.8,108.2,98.1,48.2。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-4-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL077)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.17(s,1H),9.02(s,1H),8.27(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),8.12(s,2H),8.05(s,1H),7.63(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),5.85(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.4,148.2,145.5,145.3,140.2,135.4,131.0(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),129.6,124.9,123.7,123.6(q,Jc-f=274.0Hz),122.4,118.4,117.7,108.6,97.9,48.2。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸甲酯(JXL078)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.62(s,1H),8.61(s,1H),7.89(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.84(s,1H),7.57(s,2H),7.35(m,2H),7.24(m,1H),5.55(s,2H),3.92(s,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ164.5,145.8,138.1,136.0,133.5,132.7(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),128.6,126.8,124.7,123.9,123.6(q,Jc-f=274.0Hz),123.2,119.1,118.0,111.2,110.5,95.4,53.0,50.5。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-(吗啉-4-羰基)丙烯腈(JXL081)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.48(s,1H),8.34(s,1H),7.84(s,2H),7.56(app.s,2H),7.32(m,2H),7.22(m,1H),5.54(s,2H),3.77(br.s,8H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ164.0,145.2,138.4,135.8,132.7(q,Jc-f=34.0Hz),131.8,128.4,126.8,125.0,124.5,123.1(q,Jc-f=273.3Hz),122.8,121.8,119.0,118.6,111.4,110.3,98.1,66.7,50.3,50.0。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL082)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.64(s,1H),8.51(s,1H),8.48(dd,J=4.6,1.2Hz,1H),8.21(dd,J=7.9,1.2Hz,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.77(s,2H),7.34(dd,J=7.9,4.6Hz,1H),5.69(s,2H),4.38(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.3,147.6,145.7,145.0,138.5,132.7,132.3(q,Jc-f=33.6Hz),127.9,127.7,123.1(q,Jc-f=273.3Hz),122.5,120.3,119.0,117.6,109.4,97.0,62.3,48.3,14.3。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-4-氯-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL087)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.22(s,1H),8.77(s,1H),8.32(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.77(s,2H),7.31(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),5.67(s,2H),4.37(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.39(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.0,148.5,146.2,145.4,138.1,137.4,133.1,132.4(q,Jc-f=33.7Hz),128.0,122.9(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),122.6,121.8,117.6,117.2,109.7,97.8,62.4,48.6,14.3。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-4-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL088)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.40(s,1H),8.78(s,1H),8.22(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.77(s,2H),7.49(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),5.67(s,2H),4.37(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.39(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.1,148.1,145.7,145.1,138.1,137.4,133.4,132.4(q,Jc-f=33.7Hz),123.7,122.9(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),122.6,119.7,117.6,110.0,101.4,97.4,62.4,48.6,14.3。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-5-氯-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL089)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.60(s,1H),8.50(s,1H),7.85(s,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.55(s,2H),7.28(dd,J=8.7,1.7Hz,1H),7.14(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),5.54(s,2H),4.38(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.2,144.8,137.7,134.3,134.1,132.8(q,Jc-f=33.7Hz),129.7,129.3,126.7,125.1,122.8(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),122.7,118.9,117.7,111.6,110.6,96.9,62.3,50.6,14.3。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-4-氰基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL090)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.29(s,1H),8.78(s,1H),7.87(s,1H),7.68(dd,J=7.4,0.8Hz,1H),7.56(s,2H),7.49(dd,J=8.4,0.8Hz,1H),7.38(dd,J=8.4,7.4Hz,1H),5.62(s,2H),4.38(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ162.6,144.3,137.3,136.2,135.1,132.9(q,Jc-f=33.7Hz),129.4,127.3,126.7,124.1,123.0,122.8(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),117.9,117.5,115.4,110.7,103.5,98.6,62.4,50.6,14.3。
(E)-1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-3-(2-氰基-3-乙氧基-3-氧代丙-1-烯-1-基)-1H-吲哚-4-羧酸甲酯(JXL091)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.36(s,1H),8.71(s,1H),7.93(dd,1H,J=7.4,1.1Hz,1H),7.85(s,1H),7.55(s,2H),7.40(dd,J=8.3,1.1Hz,1H),7.34(dd,J=8.3,7.4Hz,1H),5.58(s,2H),4.37(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),4.04(s,3H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ167.8,163.5,150.1,137.8,137.2,134.9,132.8(q,Jc-f=33.7Hz),126.7,125.8,125.1,123.6,122.8(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),122.7,121.7,118.0,114.6,111.3,96.4,62.1,52.6,50.5,14.3。
JXL024合成的实验细节
向1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-甲醛(0.4mmol,90mg)的AcOH(3mL)溶液中加入噻唑烷-2,4-二酮(1当量,0.4mmol,46.8mg)和NaOAc(3当量,98mg)。在回流下搅拌反应混合物24小时。冷却至21℃后,将反应混合物真空过滤并用AcOH(3mL×3)和水(5mL×3)洗涤。真空干燥后,产生所需产物。产率:34%,44mg。
(Z)-5-((1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)亚甲基)噻唑烷-2,4-二酮(JXL024)
1H NMR(500MHz DMSO-d6)δ7.98(m,2H),7.79(s,1H),7.66(app.d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.62(app.t,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.54(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.49(t,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.30(m,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ172.5,169.5,138.4,136.2,130.5,129.9,128.3,128.2,125.0,124.6,122.4,121.5,121.4,119.6,113.0,111.5。
以下化合物通过类似于JXL024所述的路线合成:JXL067、JXL070、JXL072、JXL074、JXL075。
(Z)-2-亚氨基-5-((1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)亚甲基)噻唑烷-4-酮(JXL023)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ11.94(br.s,1H),9.33(br.s,1H),8.97(s,1H),7.64(m,10H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ180.9,174.8,172.5,138.6,136.2,130.5,129.3,128.1,126.3,124.8,124.5,122.2,120.3,119.7,113.5,111.5。
(Z)-5-((1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)亚甲基)-2-亚氨基噻唑烷-4-酮(JXL067)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.21(s,1H),9.01(s,1H),8.03(s,1H),7.94(br.s,3H),7.86(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.81(s,1H),7.58(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.24(m,1H),7.19(m,1H),5.76(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ180.0,174.9,141.4,136.5,131.0(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),130.4,128.5,127.9,125.1,123.8,123.6(q,Jc-f=274.0Hz),122.1,121.7,120.8,119.3,111.8,111.3,48.9。
(Z)-5-((4-氟-1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)亚甲基)噻唑烷-2,4-二酮(JXL070)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.45(br.s,1H),8.11(s,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.65(m,4H),7.52(s,1H),7.32(m,2H),7.12(m,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ168.0,167.7,156.9(d,Jc-f=245.7Hz),138.7(d,Jc-f=10.1Hz),137.9,130.8,130.5,128.8,125.5,125.4,124.3,120.0,116.2(d,Jc-f=18.9Hz),110.7,108.5,108.1(d,Jc-f=18.9Hz)。
(Z)-5-((6-氟-1-苯基-1H-吲哚-3-基)亚甲基)噻唑烷-2,4-二酮(JXL071)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.42(s,1H),8.06(app.s,2H),7.85(s,1H),7.67(m,2H),7.62(m,2H),7.50(m,1H),7.31(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),7.16(t,J=8.5Hz,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ168.0,167.7,160.6(d,Jc-f=245.7Hz),138.0,136.3(d,Jc-f=12.6Hz),131.0,130.6,128.5,125.0,124.8,123.5,121.3(d,Jc-f=10.0Hz),120.0,112.6,111.1(d,Jc-f=18.9Hz),98.2(d,Jc-f=18.9Hz)。
(Z)-5-亚苄基噻唑烷-2,4-酮(JXL074)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.60(br.s,1H),7.77(s,1H),7.58(app.d,J=7.3Hz,2H),7.51(app.t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.46(m,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ168.4,167.8,133.5,132.3,130.9,130.5,129.8,124.0。
(Z)-5-((1H-吲哚-3-基)亚甲基)噻唑烷-2,4-二酮(JXL075)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ12.28(s,1H),12.11(s,1H),8.03(s,1H),7.87(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.72(s,1H),7.48(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.23(m,1H),7.18(m,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ168.2,167.8,136.7,129.1,127.3,125.0,123.5,121.5,118.8,116.7,112.9,110.9。
JXL022合成的实验细节
向4-吡啶甲醛(1mmol,107mg)的乙醇(1mL)溶液中加入2-氰基乙酸乙酯(1.3当量,1.3mmol,140μL)和L-脯氨酸(40mol%,0.4mmol,58mg)。反应在21℃下搅拌12h,黄色固体逐渐沉淀。反应完成后,向反应瓶中加入冰冷的水(2mL)。通过布氏漏斗过滤分离固体并用水(2mL×3)洗涤并干燥,得到所需产物,(E)-2-氰基-3-(吡啶-4-基)丙烯酸乙酯,其未进一步纯化即用于下一步。
向(E)-2-氰基-3-(吡啶-4-基)丙烯酸酯(0.21mmol,42.4mg)的THF(2mL)溶液中加入0.5N LiOH溶液(3当量,0.4mmol,0.8mL)。将反应混合物在21℃下搅拌1h。TLC显示反应完成后,蒸发THF。逐滴加入浓HCl使反应混合物酸化至pH低于1,同时有黄色固体沉淀。向反应混合物中加入冰冷的水(5mL),通过布氏漏斗过滤分离固体并用水(5mL×3)洗涤。真空干燥后,固体用2mL混合溶剂(己烷/EtOAc=5:1)洗涤5至10次并通过TLC监测直至非极性杂质消失。最后,通过NMR检查产物的纯度。产率:64%,23.4mg。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(吡啶-4-基)丙烯酸乙酯(JXL022)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.81(d,J=5.2Hz,2H),8.18(s,1H),7.74(d,J=5.2Hz,2H),4.41(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.41(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ161.2,152.0,151.0,137.9,123.2,114.2,108.2,63.2,14.0。
以下化合物通过类似于JXL022所述的路线合成:JXL030、JXL031、JXL032、JXL033、JXL034、JXL042、JXL43、JXL044、JXL045、JXL046、JXL047、JXL048、JXL049。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(2-氟苯基)丙烯酸(JXL030)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.49(s,1H),8.31(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.63(m,1H),7.36(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.29(m,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ162.9,161.5(d,Jc-f=256.2Hz),145.4(d,Jc-f=7.8Hz),135.0(d,Jc-f=9.2Hz),128.7,124.7,119.8(d,Jc-f=10.9Hz),115.8(d,Jc-f=21.9Hz),114.9,105.9。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(4-氟苯基)丙烯酸(JXL032)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.30(s,1H),8.10(m,2H),7.29(m,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.2(d,Jc-f=255.2Hz),163.5,153.1,133.3(d,Jc-f=9.3Hz),128.3,116.0(d,Jc-f=22.4Hz),115.3,103.2。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(3-(三氟甲基)苯基)丙烯酸(JXL033)
1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ8.24(s,1H),8.17(m,2H),7.80(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.70(app.t,J=7.8Hz,1H)。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(4-(三氟甲基)苯基)丙烯酸(JXL034)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.39(s,1H),8.17(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.84(d,J=7.7Hz,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ162.8,152.6,135.4,133.1(q,Jc-f=32.9Hz),131.0,125.7,123.7(q,Jc-f=272.2Hz),114.8,106.7。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(3-氟-4-甲基苯基)丙烯酸(JXL042)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.28(s,1H),7.78(m,2H),7.49(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),2.30(s,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ163.6,160.9(d,Jc-f=244.6Hz),153.5,133.0,131.6(d,Jc-f=7.5Hz),130.8(d,Jc-f=17.6Hz),127.2,117.9(d,Jc-f=23.9Hz),116.4,104.5,15.0。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(3,4-二氟苯基)丙烯酸(JXL043)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.32(s,1H),8.09(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.94(br.s,1H),7.67(d,J=8.8Hz,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ163.3,152.3,152.2(dd,Jc-f=255.4,12.6Hz),149.9(dd,Jc-f=248.2,12.6Hz),129.8,128.8,120.1(d,Jc-f=17.6Hz),119.1(d,Jc-f=17.6Hz),116.3,105.8。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(2,4-二氟苯基)丙烯酸(JXL044)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ14.2(br.s,1H),8.27(s,1H),8.24(m,1H),7.52(m,1H),7.35(dt,J=8.6,2.2Hz,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ165.5(dd,Jc-f=255.8,12.6Hz),163.1,161.9(dd,Jc-f=270.5,12.6Hz),145.1,131.1,117.0,115.9,113.5(d,Jc-f=22.7Hz),106.8,105.6(t,Jc-f=26.5Hz)。
(E)-3-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL045)
1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ8.59(s,2H),8.48(s,1H),8.19(s,1H)。
(E)-3-(2-氯-3-(三氟甲基)苯基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL046)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.50(s,1H),8.23(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.75(app.t,J=7.9Hz,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ162.6,150.5,134.4,133.5,132.1,131.2,128.9,128.3(q,Jc-f=30.2Hz),123.1(q,Jc-f=274.1Hz)115.1,111.1。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(4-氟-3-(三氟甲基)苯基)丙烯酸(JXL047)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.46(dd,J=7.1,1.8Hz,1H),8.44(s,1H),8.40(m,1H),7.75(m,1H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ163.3,161.1(d,Jc-f=262.1Hz),152.2,137.6(d,Jc-f=10.1Hz),130.5,129.3,122.6(q,Jc-f=272.8Hz),118.9(d,Jc-f=21.2Hz),118.2(qd,Jc-f=32.9,12.6Hz),116.2,106.3。
(E)-2-氰基-3-苯基丙烯酸(JXL048)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.33(s,1H),8.02(m,2H),7.59(m,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ163.7,154.9,133.6,132.0,131.1,129.8,116.5,104.3。
(E)-2-氰基-3-(4-羟基苯基)丙烯酸(JXL049)
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.16(s,1H),7.95(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.92(d,J=8.8Hz,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO-d6)δ164.2,163.0,153.7,133.6,122.8,117.2,116.3,99.2。
JXL079合成的实验细节
将装有Mg粉(10mmol,240mg)和搅拌棒的烧瓶密封并抽真空并重新填充氩气三次。将无水乙醚(32mL)和双(三氟甲基)苄基溴(8mmol,1.46mL)加入反应烧瓶中。将反应混合物搅拌回流30min,然后将磨碎的干冰粉(5g)加入反应烧瓶中。1h后,TLC显示反应完成。滤出多余的Mg粉并且真空蒸发溶剂。向残余物中加入1N HCl(20mL),过滤沉淀并干燥以得到所需羧酸。
将装有搅拌棒的烧瓶密封、抽真空并重新填充氩气三次。将无水二氯甲烷(20mL)和DIBAL(在己烷中的1M,6mmol,6mL)加入烧瓶中。在-78℃下,将溶解在无水二氯甲烷(10mL)中的粗制羧酸(2mmol,544mg)加入反应烧瓶中。2h后,TLC显示反应完成,然后通过加入饱和氯化铵(10mL)将其淬灭。所得混合物用二氯甲烷(20mL×3)萃取,合并有机相并在旋转上蒸发。残余物通过快速柱色谱法(己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1)纯化以得到所需产物2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)乙-1-醇(产率:90%,464mg)。
在0℃下,向2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)乙-1-醇(0.2mmol,51.6mg)的二氯甲烷(2mL)溶液中加入三乙胺(0.22mmol,31μL)和甲磺酰氯(MsCl,0.2mmol,17μL)。在搅拌1h后,TLC显示反应完成。通过在开口烧瓶上方的流动空气来除去溶剂。残余物通过快速柱色谱法(己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1)纯化以得到所需产物甲磺酸3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯乙酯(产率:82%,55.1mg)。
将装有NaH(60%,0.22mmol,8.8mg)和搅拌棒的烧瓶密封、抽真空并重新填充氩气三次。将无水THF(3mL)和(E)-2-氰基-3-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸叔丁酯(0.2mmol,53.6mg)的THF(2mL)溶液加入反应烧瓶中。将反应混合物搅拌30min,然后加入在2mL THF中的甲磺酸3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯乙酯(0.164mmol,55.1mg)。将反应搅拌24h并用饱和NH4Cl溶液淬灭。所得混合物用二氯甲烷(4mL×3)萃取,合并有机相并在旋转上蒸发。残余物通过快速柱色谱法(己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1)纯化以得到所需产物(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯乙基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基-丙烯酸叔丁酯(产率:68%,69mg)。
向(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯乙基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸甲基叔丁酯(0.1mmol,50.8mg)的二氯甲烷(2mL)溶液中加入三氟乙酸(3当量,0.3mmol,34μL)。将反应混合物在21℃下搅拌30min并且有黄色固体沉淀。在TLC显示反应完成后,通过在开口烧瓶上方的流动空气来蒸发反应溶剂。所述固体用2mL混合溶剂(己烷/EtOAc=5:1)洗涤5至10次并通过TLC监测直至所有非极性杂质消失。最后,通过NMR检查产物的纯度。产率:87%,39mg。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯乙基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL079)
1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ8.51(s,1H),8.14(s,1H),7.83(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.74(s,1H),7.52(m,3H),7.31(m,2H),4.64(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.35(t,J=6.3Hz,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CD3OD)δ165.3,145.3,141.1,136.1,133.6,131.3(q,Jc-f=32.8Hz),129.3,128.3,123.7,123.3(q,Jc-f=272.5Hz),122.3,120.3,118.1,117.6,110.6,109.6,94.1,47.8,35.0。
JXL080合成的实验细节
在0℃下,向(E)-2-氰基-3-(1H-吲哚-3-基)丙烯酸乙酯(0.5mmol,112mg)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液中加入2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)乙酸(0.55mmol,150mg)、DMAP(催化剂量,6mg)和DCC(0.5mmol,103mg)。使混合物达到21℃并搅拌过夜。过滤白色沉淀,并且真空浓缩所得溶液。通过快速柱色谱法(己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1)纯化所述固体以得到所需产物。(产率:78%,192.6mg)。
(E)-3-(1-(2-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)乙酰基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL080)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.90(s,1H),8.52(s,1H),8.49(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.88(s,1H),7.86(s,2H),7.78(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.47(m,2H),4.50(s,2H),4.41(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.43(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ168.0,162.2,144.2,135.6,134.4,132.3(q,Jc-f=33.6Hz),130.1,129.8,128.8,127.8,127.3,125.5,123.1(q,Jc-f=273.3Hz),118.3,117.1,117.0,115.9,101.8,62.8,41.9,14.3。
JXL083合成的实验细节
向1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-甲醛(10mmol,3.71g)的丙酮(60mL)溶液中加入2-甲基-2-丁烯(9mL)、在6mL水中的NaH2PO4(3当量,4.4g)和NaClO2(6.6mmol,6g)。将反应混合物在21℃下搅拌24h。TLC显示反应完成后,在旋转上蒸发反应溶剂。将粗料溶解在乙酸乙酯(30mL)和水(30mL)中,并用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取。合并有机相,用硫酸钠干燥并在旋转蒸发仪上蒸发。所述固体通过快速柱色谱法(己烷:乙酸乙酯=2:1)纯化以得到所需产物1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-羧酸(产率:89%,3.44g)。
将装有来自前一步骤的羧酸(5mmol,1935mg)的带有搅拌棒的100mL圆底烧瓶密封、抽真空并重新填充氩气三次。向烧瓶中逐滴加入50mL二氯甲烷和草酰氯(25mmol,2.1mL)。将反应混合物在21℃下搅拌1.5h。真空蒸发反应溶剂并且所得化合物用于下一步。
将装有搅拌棒的100mL圆底烧瓶密封、抽真空并重新填充氩气三次。将二异丙胺(5.5mmol,765μL)和THF(10mL)加入烧瓶中,并将其冷却至-78℃。将nBuLi(在己烷中的2.5M,5mmol,2mL)缓慢加入烧瓶中。混合物搅拌30min后,将2-氰基乙酸乙酯(5mmol,590μL)的THF(10mL)溶液缓慢加入烧瓶中。混合物搅拌1h后,将酰基氯(来自前一步骤的5mmol)的THF(5mL)溶液缓慢加入到反应混合物中。1h后,通过加入1M HCl水溶液(10mL)淬灭反应,并用乙酸乙酯(10mL×3)萃取。合并有机相,用硫酸钠干燥并通过旋转蒸发仪蒸发。所述固体通过快速柱色谱法(己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1)纯化以得到所需产物(Z)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯乙基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基-3-羟基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL083)(产率:80%,1.93g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ14.61(s,1H),8.67(s,1H),8.31(dd,J=7.0 1.3Hz,1H),7.84(s,1H),7.57(s,2H),7.33(m,2H),7.21(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),5.53(s,2H),4.40(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.41(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ179.1,172.2,138.1,136.0,135.7,132.7(q,Jc-f=33.6Hz),126.9,124.5,123.7,123.6,122.6,122.9(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),121.8,118.3,110.1,109.6,73.1,62.3,50.4,14.3。
JXL084合成的实验细节
向JXL083(0.5mmol,240mg)的二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液中加入吡啶(0.5mmol,40μL)和乙酰基氯(1.0mmol,84μL)。将反应混合物搅拌1h并且TLC指示反应完成。通过在开口烧瓶上方的流动空气来蒸发反应溶剂。残余物通过快速柱色谱法(己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1)纯化以得到所需产物(Z)-3-乙酰氧基-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL084)(产率:86%,225mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.56(s,1H),7.90(m,1H),7.85(s,1H),7.61(s,2H),7.32(m,2H),7.24(m,1H),5.51(s,2H),4.29(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.48(s,3H),1.36(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ166.9,161.4,137.7,136.2,135.5,132.8(q,Jc-f=33.9Hz),127.0,126.7,124.6,123.6,122.8(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),122.7,121.8,117.7,110.7,109.8,89.3,61.8,50.5,29.7,21.3,14.2。
JXL085合成的实验细节
向JXL083(0.5mmol,240mg)的二氯甲烷(10mL)溶液中加入三乙胺(1mmol,139.5μL)和磷酰氯(0.55mmol,520μL)。将反应混合物回流搅拌1h并且TLC指示反应完成。通过在开口烧瓶上方的流动空气来蒸发反应溶剂。残余物通过快速柱色谱法(己烷:乙酸乙酯=10:1)纯化以得到所需产物(Z)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-3-氯-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯(JXL085)(产率:84%,210mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.91(s,1H),7.85(s,1H),7.77(m,1H),7.65(s,2H),7.63(s,1H),7.30(m,2H),5.48(s,2H),4.18(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.18(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ161.0,155.6,138.1,136.2,135.4,133.4,132.7(q,Jc-f=33.7Hz),127.1,126.6,124.5,124.3,122.8(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),121.5,115.8,122.1,110.4,102.5,62.4,50.0,13.9。
JXL086合成的实验细节
(E)-(2-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-氰基乙烯基)膦酸二乙酯(JXL086)
向1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-甲醛(1mmol,371mg)的乙醇(3mL)溶液中加入氰甲基磷酸二乙酯(1.3当量,1.3mmol,204μL)和L-脯氨酸(40mol%,0.4mmol,58mg)。将反应在50℃下搅拌24h。如TLC指示反应完成后,通过在开口烧瓶上方的流动空气来蒸发反应溶剂。所述固体通过快速柱色谱法(己烷:乙酸乙酯=2:1)纯化以得到所需产物JXL086(产率:90%,477mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.55(s,1H),8.33(d,J=19.7Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.58(s,2H),7.31(m,2H),7.22(m,1H),5.54(s,2H),4.21(m,4H),1.39(t,J=7.0Hz,6H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ149.8,138.3,135.8,132.7(q,Jc-f=33.7Hz),132.6,128.2,126.8,124.5,123.0,122.9(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),122.5,119.0,117.8(d,Jc-p=11.3Hz),112.2(d,Jc-p=18.9Hz),110.3,91.6(d,Jc-p=207.9Hz),63.2,50.4,16.3。
通过与JXL086相似的路线合成JXL095。
(E)-(2-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-1-氰基乙烯基)膦酸二乙酯(JXL095)
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.58(s,1H),8.46(dd,J=4.7,1.4Hz,1H),8.24(d,J=19.5Hz 1H),8.20(dd,J=8.0,1.4Hz,1H),7.82(s,1H),7.77(s,2H),7.32(dd,J=8.0,4.7Hz,1H),5.67(s,2H),4.22(m,4H),1.40(t,J=7.1Hz,6H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ149.2(d,Jc-p=8.2Hz),147.4,145.6,138.6,132.4(q,Jc-f=33.7Hz),132.0,127.9,127.8,123.0(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),122.4,119.9,118.9,117.4(d,Jc-p=11.3Hz),110.5(d,Jc-p=19.5Hz),92.8(d,Jc-p=205.1Hz),63.4,48.3,16.3。
JXL096合成的实验细节
(E)-(2-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-1-氰基乙烯基)膦酸(JXL096)
将JXL086(30mg,0.057mmol)的二氯甲烷(2mL)溶液冷却至0℃,并且在氩气下逐滴加入溴代三甲基硅烷(40μL,0.3mmol)。使混合物升温至21℃并搅拌12h。真空蒸发溶剂,然后将所得残余物溶解在甲醇(2mL)中。将混合物在21℃下搅拌2h。在真空下蒸发所有挥发物得到磷酸JXL096(产率:92%,25mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ8.58(s,1H),8.25(d,J=19.6Hz,1H),7.90(s,1H),7.87(m,1H),7.76(s,2H),7.45(m,1H),7.31(m,2H),5.75(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CD3OD)δ146.7(Jc-p=7.2Hz),140.2,136.1,132.1,131.9(q,Jc-f=33.7Hz),128.0,127.2,123.8,122.3,123.2(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),121.4,118.2,117.4(d,Jc-p=11.3Hz),111.5(Jc-p=18.4Hz),110.5,94.6(d,Jc-p=201.2Hz),49.1。
JXL092合成的实验细节
向1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-3-甲酰基-1H-吲哚-4-羧酸甲酯(1mmol,429mg)的乙醇(3mL)溶液中加入2-氰基乙酸叔丁酯(1.3当量,1.3mmol,183μL)和L-脯氨酸(40mol%,0.4mmol,58mg)。反应在21℃下搅拌12h并且黄色固体逐渐沉淀。反应完成后,向反应中加入冰冷的水(2mL)。通过布氏漏斗过滤分离固体并用水(2mL×3)洗涤并干燥以提供所需产物。产率:95%,524mg。
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-4-(甲氧羰基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸(JXL092)
向(E)-1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-3-(3-(叔丁氧基)-2-氰基-3-氧代丙-1-烯-1-基)-1H-吲哚-4-羧酸甲酯(0.5mmol,276mg)的二氯甲烷(2mL)溶液中加入三氟乙酸(3当量,1.5mmol,0.2mL)。将反应混合物在21℃下搅拌30min并且有黄色固体沉淀。在TLC显示反应完成后,通过在开口烧瓶上方的流动空气来蒸发反应溶剂。所述固体用2mL混合溶剂(己烷/EtOAc=5:1)洗涤5至10次并通过TLC监测直至所有非极性杂质消失。最后,通过NMR检查产物的纯度。产率:90%,223mg。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.09(s,1H),8.58(s,1H),7.75(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.68(s,1H),7.47(s,2H),7.34(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.20(app.t,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.51(s,2H),3.87(s,3H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ167.8,165.1,149.5,138.2,137.2,134.8,132.3(q,Jc-f=33.7Hz),126.8,126.2,125.5,124.8,123.3,122.8(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),122.3 118.2,114.7,110.9,97.2,52.4,50.2。
JXL094合成的实验细节
(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酰胺(JXL094)
将(E)-3-(1-(3,5-双(三氟甲基)苄基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氰基丙烯酸JXL001(0.1mmol,43.8mg)和亚硫酰氯(0.5ml)的混合物回流1h。真空浓缩后,将所得酰氯溶于1ml苯并且加入30%在水中的氨(1ml)。将反应混合物在21℃下搅拌24h。TLC指示反应完成后,真空蒸发反应溶剂。所述固体通过快速柱色谱法(己烷:乙酸乙酯=2:1)纯化以得到所需产物JXL094(产率:85%,37mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.70(s,1H),8.47(s,1H),7.92(d,J=7.1Hz,1H),7.85(s,1H),7.58(s,2H),7.34(m,2H),7.23(m,1H),5.55(s,2H)。
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ163.0,144.8,138.1,136.0,132.7(q,Jc-f=33.7Hz),132.5,128.6,126.8,126.1,124.6,123.1,122.9(q,Jc-f=273.4Hz),122.6,119.3,111.3,110.3,96.1,50.4。
本发明的另外的示例性化合物可以通过与上述那些类似的方法来制备。
实施例2:用示例性化合物处理上皮细胞
为了确定这些化合物是否能够促进细胞乳酸产生,我们用这些化合物处理培养的上皮细胞,并使用Nova Biomedical BioProfile Basic Analyzer测量培养基中的乳酸水平。简而言之,培养的上皮细胞用DMSO、UK-5099(也称为JXL001)或本文公开的某些示例性化合物处理24-30小时,并且测量培养基乳酸水平并将其归一化为细胞数量和实验持续时间以获得细胞乳酸产生率(nmol乳酸,百万细胞,小时)。
经处理的细胞的乳酸产生率如图8、9和12所示。正如基于本公开所预期,由于它们是UK-5099类似物,大多数经测定的新型化合物增加了乳酸产量。此外,用UK-5099类似物处理后的总细胞计数如图13所示。大多数化合物都被细胞耐受。进行单独的测定以计算一些化合物的EC50,如图10所示。
实施例3:示例性化合物的体内测试
为了确定化合物对毛发周期的功效,将小鼠在出生后第50天剃毛,并每隔一天用混悬在洗剂中的本文公开的化合物局部处理持续2周,并拍照。如图11所示,在体外测定中显示出促进乳酸产生能力的所有类似物也能够在2周的过程中刺激毛发生长。
以引用的方式并入
本文提到的所有公布和专利都特此通过引用整体并入,就如同每个单独的公布和专利被具体且单独地指出通过引用并入一样。在发生冲突的情况下,将以本申请(包括本文的任何定义)为准。
等效方案
虽然已经讨论了本发明的具体实施方案,但是以上说明书是说明性的,并非限制性的。在阅读本说明书和下面的权利要求书之后,本发明的许多变化方案对于本领域技术人员而言将变得明显。本发明的完整范围应该通过参考权利要求书连同其等效物的完整范围,以及本说明书连同此类变化方案来确定。
Claims (32)
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的化合物,其中R10是H。
5.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的化合物,其中R10是烷基(例如乙基)。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的化合物,其中Y是酯或羧基。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的化合物,其中R2是CN。
8.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的化合物,其中R2是羧基。
9.如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的化合物,其中R1是H。
10.如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的化合物,其中R1是芳烷基(例如,苄基或苯乙基)。
11.如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的化合物,其中R1是芳烷基(例如,苄基或苯乙基)并且被一个或多个R5(优选在苯环上)取代。
12.如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的化合物,其中R1是芳烷基酰基(例如苯乙酰基)并且被一个或多个R5(优选在苯环上)取代。
13.如权利要求9-12中任一项所述的化合物,其中R1被一个或两个R5取代,并且其中每个R5独立地选自氟烷基或氟。
14.如权利要求9-13中任一项所述的化合物,其中R1被两个R5取代,并且其中每个R5是三氟甲基。
15.如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的化合物,其中R4选自碘、氟、烯基(例如乙烯基)、CN、叠氮基、炔基(例如乙炔基)、氟烷基(例如三氟甲基)、羧基和酯(例如甲基酯或乙基酯)。
16.如权利要求1-15中任一项所述的化合物,其中R4不是氯或溴。
19.一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含如前述权利要求中任一项所述的化合物和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
20.如权利要求19所述的药物组合物,其中所述药物组合物被配制用于局部施用。
21.一种增强细胞中乳酸产生的方法,所述方法包括使所述细胞与MPO抑制剂,诸如MPC抑制剂接触。
22.一种增强细胞中乳酸产生的方法,所述方法包括使所述细胞与权利要求1-20中任一项所述的化合物或组合物接触。
23.如权利要求20或21所述的方法,其中所述细胞是毛囊干细胞。
24.一种促进毛发生长的方法,所述方法包括向患者施用权利要求1-20中任一项所述的化合物或组合物。
25.一种治疗影响毛发生长的病症或病患的方法,所述方法包括向患者施用权利要求1-20中任一项所述的化合物或组合物。
26.如权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述病症或病患是秃头或脱发。
27.一种促进毛发生长的方法,所述方法包括向患者施用(例如,局部地)MPC抑制剂,其中所述MPC抑制剂是权利要求1-20中任一项所述的化合物或组合物。
28.一种治疗影响毛发生长的病症或病患的方法,所述方法包括向患者施用(例如,局部地)MPC抑制剂,其中所述MPC抑制剂是权利要求1-20中任一项所述的化合物或组合物。
29.如权利要求28所述的方法,其中所述病症或病患是秃头或脱发。
30.一种促进毛发生长的方法,所述方法包括向患者施用(例如,局部地)MPO抑制剂,其中所述MPO抑制剂是权利要求1-20中任一项所述的化合物或组合物。
31.一种治疗影响毛发生长的病症或病患的方法,所述方法包括向患者施用(例如,局部地)MPO抑制剂,其中所述MPO抑制剂是权利要求1-20中任一项所述的化合物或组合物。
32.如权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述病症或病患是秃头或脱发。
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US20240327400A1 (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2024-10-03 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Compositions and methods for modulating hair growth |
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