CN113621597B - 一种促进乳源假单胞菌分泌胞外蛋白酶的方法 - Google Patents
一种促进乳源假单胞菌分泌胞外蛋白酶的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种促进乳源假单胞菌分泌胞外蛋白酶的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:步骤一、将乳源添加剂加入到培养基中进行均质处理,然后灭菌;步骤二、将具有分泌蛋白酶AprX的乳源嗜冷假单胞菌按照0.5~1.5%(v/v)的接种量接种到培养基中活化2~4次,将活化好的乳源嗜冷假单胞菌接种到添加乳源添加剂的培养基中进行培养。该方法通过添加0.5~5%(w/v)的乳源添加剂能够使得假单胞菌分泌的蛋白酶活力提高3~5倍。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于乳品加工领域,涉及一种促进乳源假单胞菌分泌胞外蛋白酶的方法。
背景技术
低温储运的发展极大程度降低了微生物污染对于原料乳品质的破坏,低温能够有效地抑制常规室温菌如乳酸菌的生长进而阻止其过量生长对乳品质的影响。然而,嗜冷菌作为一类能在低温条件下生长繁殖的细菌则成为污染原料乳品质的主要因素。假单胞菌因其来源广泛、低温条件下生长能力强且能够分泌耐热的酶而成为原料乳中优势的嗜冷菌,其中荧光假单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌在原料乳中最为常见。
尽管原料乳常规的加热灭菌方式能够有效的灭活嗜冷菌,但其分泌的酶往往因具有耐热性而残留部分活力。残留的酶活能够在乳制品的保藏期内对乳成分进行缓慢分解,造成乳制品出现凝胶、沉淀、脂肪上浮等不利影响。由假单胞菌分泌的金属蛋白酶AprX是目前研究最为广泛的嗜冷菌蛋白酶,AprX具有很强的耐热性且对酪蛋白具有很强的水解能力。
探究嗜冷菌分泌蛋白酶对乳蛋白的水解作用具有重要意义,因此提高嗜冷菌分泌蛋白酶能力对后续得到蛋白酶纯品具有重要作用。常规嗜冷菌蛋白酶的分离纯化使用的均为合成培养基如TSB、LB培养基等。众多研究表明乳培养基能够促进嗜冷菌分泌蛋白酶活力,同时合成培养基与乳成分不同也会影响菌体在不同培养基中的蛋白酶分泌,不能够用合成培养基中的蛋白酶来代表其在乳中分泌的蛋白酶。因此,考虑到乳成分对嗜冷菌蛋白酶的分泌具有促进作用,探究不同乳成分对嗜冷菌分泌蛋白酶活力的影响,找到对嗜冷菌分泌蛋白酶活力具有促进作用的成分并确定最优比例对嗜冷菌蛋白酶的研究具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种促进乳源假单胞菌分泌胞外蛋白酶的方法,该方法通过添加0.5~5%(w/v)的乳源添加剂能够使得假单胞菌分泌的蛋白酶活力提高3~5倍。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种促进乳源假单胞菌分泌胞外蛋白酶的方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、将乳源添加剂加入到培养基中进行均质处理,然后灭菌,控制均质压力为10~20MPa,均质时间为15~25min,灭菌温度为121℃,时间为10~25min,培养基为TSB培养基(胰蛋白胨17g/L、大豆蛋白胨3g/L、氯化钠5g/L、磷酸氢二钾2.5g/L、葡萄糖2.5g/L);
步骤二、将具有分泌蛋白酶AprX的乳源嗜冷假单胞菌按照0.5~1.5%(v/v)的接种量接种到培养基中活化2~4次,将活化好的乳源嗜冷假单胞菌接种到添加乳源添加剂的培养基中进行培养,控制培养温度为25~35℃,培养时间为60~70h,搅拌速度为150~200rpm。
本发明中,使用的菌株为从原料乳中分离的具有分泌蛋白酶AprX能力的乳源嗜冷假单胞菌,例如:乳源荧光假单胞菌、铜绿假单胞菌和恶臭假单胞菌等。
本发明中,乳源添加剂为牛乳酪蛋白(α-酪蛋白含量在20~40%)、牛乳清蛋白(纯度为75~90%)、乳糖或天然黄油(含盐量为0~20mg/100g)中的一种或多种混合物,其最适的添加量为0.5~5%(w/v),当乳源添加剂添加为最适添加量时,嗜冷假单胞菌株分泌的胞外蛋白酶活力最强,可以达到4.5~6.0U/mL,是未添加乳源添加剂的3~5倍。
相比于现有技术,本发明具有如下优点:
1、添加乳源添加剂能够使得嗜冷假单胞菌分泌的胞外蛋白酶的活力提高3~5倍,达到12%(w/v)脱脂乳作为培养基时的水平。
2、通过酶谱实验发现,促进嗜冷假单胞菌分泌的蛋白酶的分子量约为47kDa,是假单胞菌分泌的具有代表性的耐热金属蛋白酶AprX,对酪蛋白具有很强的水解作用,优先水解酪蛋白中的β-酪蛋白或κ-酪蛋白。
3、乳源添加剂与脱脂乳相比能够显著降低嗜冷假单胞菌发酵液中的蛋白质含量,有利于菌株分泌的胞外蛋白酶的分离纯化。
4、乳源添加剂能够使得嗜冷菌分泌蛋白酶更加接近于其在乳中的分泌情况,可应用于嗜冷菌蛋白酶及其对乳制品的危害和控制办法的研究。
5、乳源添加剂能够促进嗜冷假单胞菌分泌胞外蛋白酶活力原理在于其能够促进蛋白酶基因aprX的表达,差异倍数达到15~20倍。
附图说明
图1为本发明荧光假单胞菌在TSB和脱脂乳中产胞外蛋白酶能力图。
图2为本发明不同乳源添加剂比例对铜绿假单胞菌分泌胞外蛋白酶活力影响图。
图3为本发明荧光假单胞菌分泌胞外蛋白酶对乳蛋白水解图。
图4为本发明荧光假单胞菌在TSB中的酶谱。
图5为本发明乳源添加剂添加后荧光假单胞菌的酶谱。
图6为本发明乳源添加剂对恶臭假单胞菌蛋白酶基因aprX表达情况的影响图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明,但并不局限于此,凡是对本发明技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围中。
实施例1
乳培养基和TSB培养基中荧光假单胞菌的生长能力和蛋白酶活力:
将具有分泌蛋白酶AprX的荧光假单胞菌(保藏编号为CGMCC No.14540)按照1%(v/v)的接种量接种到TSB中活化2次,将活化好的荧光假单胞菌按照1%(v/v)的接种量分别接种到TSB培养基(胰蛋白胨17g/L、大豆蛋白胨3g/L、氯化钠5g/L、磷酸氢二钾2.5g/L、葡萄糖2.5g/L)和脱脂乳中并放于4℃条件下保存5天,期间每隔1天测定细菌数量和蛋白酶活力。由图1a的数据表明,荧光假单胞菌在TSB培养基和脱脂乳培养基中具有相似的生长曲线,说明脱脂乳不能促进荧光假单胞菌的生长。如图1b,荧光假单胞菌在脱脂乳培养基中分泌的蛋白酶活力在第6天时达到最大的2.0U/mL,要显著大于其在TSB中的0.6U/mL,结果表明乳成分能够促进荧光假单胞菌分泌蛋白酶活力。
实施例2
乳源添加剂对铜绿假单胞菌胞外蛋白酶分泌的影响:
将乳源添加剂(牛乳清蛋白(纯度为80%):天然黄油(含盐量为5mg/100g)=1:2(w/w))按照2%(w/v)的比例加入到TSB培养基中,10MPa均质20min后121℃灭菌15min。接种1%(v/v)活化好的铜绿假单胞菌(从黑河地区原料乳中分离得到,分离方法和菌种鉴定结果公开于2017年哈尔滨工业大学博士论文《原料乳中嗜冷菌多样性研究及LAMP快速检测方法的构建》)于30℃、160rpm条件下培养60h后测定蛋白酶活力。如图2所示,添加乳源添加剂的菌株的胞外蛋白酶活力达到6U/mL,是未添加乳源添加剂的5倍。
实施例3
乳源添加剂对恶臭假单胞菌蛋白酶基因aprX表达的影响:
将1%(w/v)的乳源添加剂(牛乳清蛋白(纯度为85%):乳糖:天然黄油(含盐量为1mg/100g)=1:2:1(w/w))添加到TSB培养基中后15MPa均质20min,121℃灭菌20min。将活化好的恶臭假单胞菌(从黑河地区原料乳中分离得到,分离方法和菌种鉴定结果公开于2017年哈尔滨工业大学博士论文《原料乳中嗜冷菌多样性研究及LAMP快速检测方法的构建》)按照1%(v/v)的接种量接种后于35℃、100rpm条件下培养70h,测定aprX基因的表达情况。如图6所示,1%的乳源添加剂能够促进aprX基因的表达,表达倍数达到15倍。
Claims (2)
1.一种促进乳源假单胞菌分泌胞外蛋白酶的方法,其特征在于所述方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一、将乳源添加剂加入到培养基中进行均质处理,然后灭菌,所述均质压力为10~20 MPa,均质时间为15~25 min;所述灭菌温度为121℃,时间为10~25 min;所述乳源添加剂为牛乳清蛋白,添加量为0.5~5%w/v;所述牛乳清蛋白的纯度为75~90%;
步骤二、将具有分泌蛋白酶AprX的乳源嗜冷假单胞菌按照0.5~1.5%v/v的接种量接种到培养基中活化2~4次,将活化好的乳源嗜冷假单胞菌接种到添加乳源添加剂的培养基中进行培养,所述培养温度为25~35℃,培养时间为60~70 h,搅拌速度为150~200 rpm;所述乳源嗜冷假单胞菌为从原料乳中分离的具有分泌蛋白酶AprX的嗜冷假单胞菌,所述嗜冷假单胞菌为荧光假单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌或铜绿假单胞菌。
2.根据权利要求1所述的促进乳源假单胞菌分泌胞外蛋白酶的方法,其特征在于所述培养基为TSB培养基。
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