CN113617341B - 一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113617341B
CN113617341B CN202110967596.2A CN202110967596A CN113617341B CN 113617341 B CN113617341 B CN 113617341B CN 202110967596 A CN202110967596 A CN 202110967596A CN 113617341 B CN113617341 B CN 113617341B
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刘涛
谢祖姬
王宁
陈梦伟
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂的制备方法,包括往偕胺肟化聚丙烯晴溶液加入一定量的聚多巴胺粉末搅拌至溶解,后加入氢氧化钠调节反应溶液pH至碱性,在避光条件下进行迈克尔加成反应获得PAO/PDA前驱体溶液;再加入三氯化铁溶液及碱性溶液调节pH至中性进行交联反应获得凝胶溶液,最后置于模具加热成型、干燥及水洗获得双交联水凝胶吸附剂,偕胺肟化聚丙烯晴和聚多巴胺的质量比为0.2‑0.6:1,本发明方法利用聚多巴胺与偕胺肟化聚丙烯晴进行迈克尔加成反应及其与Fe3+的交联反应制备出双交联三维网络结构水凝胶,工艺简单,条件温和,且所制备吸附剂机械强度高、亲水性好、具有以光热转化性能促进其海水提铀能力提升优点。

Description

一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂及其制备 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及新型材料制备领域,特别是利用经济、绿色等理念制备一种简单、易于成型且同时兼具光热及强力学性能的海水提铀用双交联水凝胶。
背景技术
铀作为一种重要的核燃料资源,它的来源目前已成为核工业发展的核心问题之一。陆地上的铀矿石开采已不能满足现有核工业的发展,相关数据显示海洋中的铀含量约为45亿吨,比陆地高1000倍,所以海水提铀新材料是有必要且迫在眉睫攻克的技术壁垒。由于海水中铀浓度的含量极低,约为3.3ppb,此外海水中存在其它的竞争离子、微生物等干扰因素,增加了海水提铀难度。
目前越来越多的吸附剂应用到海水提铀方向,如有机框架材料(MOF)和多孔碳材料等,但此类材料存在吸附率低和难于回收等问题,与现有的偕胺肟基材料相比还存在不足。而偕胺肟基材料对铀酰离子虽表现出的高效性和特异性使其成为此领域研究热点,但大多数酰胺肟基提铀材料(如纤维和膜材料等)存在使用生产设备昂贵、使用有毒交联剂及亲水性差方面的问题,导致其无法商业化应用。也有研究将偕胺肟基聚丙烯与其他力学性能优异的聚合物共聚获得新型提铀材料,但随着偕胺肟基含量降低,其单位提铀能力下降。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂,解决了现有技术存在提铀效果不佳和力学性能差等问题。
本发明采用一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:往偕胺肟化聚丙烯晴溶液加入一定量的聚多巴胺粉末搅拌至溶解,后加入氢氧化钠调节反应溶液pH至碱性,在避光条件下进行迈克尔加成反应获得PAO/PDA前驱体溶液;再加入三氯化铁溶液及碱性溶液调节pH至中性进行交联反应获得凝胶溶液,最后置于模具加热成型、干燥及水洗获得双交联水凝胶吸附剂,所述偕胺肟化聚丙烯晴和聚多巴胺的质量比为0.2-0.6:1。
优选地,偕胺肟化聚丙烯晴和聚多巴胺的质量比为0.4:1。
优选地,偕胺肟化聚丙烯晴溶液体积为8mL,浓度为25mg/mL;三所述氯化铁溶液加入体积为60μL,浓度为54mg/mL。
优选地,迈克尔加成反应溶液pH为8.5,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为12h。
优选地,交联反应为搅拌20min后倒入模具,在50℃下加热24h。
优选地,偕胺肟化聚丙烯晴通过以下方法制备而得:称取12g盐酸羟胺加入到装有100mL DMF的圆底烧瓶中,搅拌至完全溶解,加入7g氢氧化钠;在45℃油浴中搅拌6h至溶液呈乳白色,加入10g聚丙烯晴PAN,PAN完全溶解后升温到80℃继续反应18h;最后以11000rpm的转速离心20min收集上清液;再滴加入去离子水中沉淀,经水洗后在60℃下真空干燥、研磨得到PAO粉末。
优选地,聚多巴胺通过以下方法制备而得:称取0.08g多巴胺溶于560μL水中,再依次在溶液中加入56mL乙醇和1.4mL浓度为20mg mL-1的氢氧化钠水溶液,在避光条件下搅拌24h后在1000rpm转速下离心5min,洗涤并干燥获得PDA颗粒产物,
采用本发明提供的一种以光热促进海水提铀双交联水凝胶吸附剂的制备方法,利用一定配比(PDA:PAO=0.2-0.6:1)的PDA与PAO之间的迈克尔加成反应先合成PAO/PDA水凝胶溶液,再利用Fe3+与羟基配位形成双交联三维网络结构水凝胶,合成工艺简单,条件温和、无毒害,可回收及便于大量生产。
进一步地,本材料具有均匀孔径(孔径约为10μm)、高机械强度(0.38MPa)、高亲水性、同时兼具光热促进海水铀酰离子吸附(518.7mg/g)。
附图说明
图1为一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂的实物照片。
图2为一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂的红外吸收光谱图。
图3为一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂的扫描电镜形貌图。
图4为一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂的拉伸应力-应变曲线。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实施例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例一:一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)偕胺肟化聚丙烯晴(PAO)的制备
称取12g盐酸羟胺加入到装有100mL DMF的圆底烧瓶中,搅拌至完全溶解,加入7g氢氧化钠并在45℃油浴中搅拌6h至溶液呈乳白色,加入10g聚丙烯晴PAN,PAN完全溶解后升温到80℃继续反应18h;最后以11000rpm转速离心20min后收集上清液;再滴加入去离子水中沉淀,经水洗后在60℃下真空干燥、研磨得到偕胺肟化聚丙烯晴粉末;
(2)聚多巴胺(PDA)的制备
在室温下,称取0.08g多巴胺(DA)溶于560μL水中,再依次在溶液中加入56mL乙醇和1.4mL氢氧化钠水溶液(浓度为20mg mL-1),在暗场下搅拌24小时后,在1000rpm转速下离心5min,洗涤并干燥获得PDA颗粒产物;
(3)Fe@PAO/PDA水凝胶的制备
将200mg PAO溶解在8mL DMSO中并在室温下搅拌6h,得到均匀透明PAO前驱体溶液;之后将0.08g PDA颗粒加入到上述溶液中混合,在50℃下搅拌澄清后加入1M NaOH溶液调节pH至8.5,在避光条件下的50℃油浴中继续反应12h,反应完毕后将60μL(200mM,54mg/mL)三氯化铁(FeCl3)加入溶液中,并加入1M NaOH溶液调节溶液的pH值为中性,之后再搅拌20min获得棕褐色混合凝胶;最后取7.5mL棕褐色混合凝胶倒入聚四氟乙烯模具上,最后在50℃下加热24h干燥样品得到成型凝胶;最后将凝胶材料在室温下浸入1L水中交换溶剂48h,每隔4h用置换一次水,最终得到黑色水凝胶,产品图片如图1所示。
(1)对实施例一制备的黑色水凝胶进行红外光谱表征,结果如图2所示,相对于PAN,PAO有C=N,-N-O-红外吸收峰且无明显C≡N吸收峰,证明PAN已成功肟化;而在Fe@PAO/PDA水凝胶上找到PAO的特征吸收峰,同时在531cm-1出现-Fe-O-红外吸收峰,说明铁离子与PAO/PDA上的羟基成功配位,形成网络凝胶结构。
(2)对实施例一制备的黑色水凝胶进行扫描电镜测试,结果如图3所示,从扫描电镜图可以得出,PAO/PDA@Fe水凝胶孔分布均匀,孔径约为10μm。
(3)对实施例一制备的黑色水凝胶进行力学性能测试,结果如图4所示,相比于纯PAO/PDA水凝胶,Fe@PAO/PDA水凝胶的拉伸强度从0.21MPa提升至0.38MPa,说明本实施例的水凝胶材料力学优异。
(4)对实施例一制备的水凝胶材料进行光/暗场的铀吸附性能测试:分别称取5mgFe@PAO/PDA水凝胶材料放入0.01M的氢氧化钠溶液中碱处理30min,然后各自放入1L,8ppm的铀加标模拟海水中进行光场(光强为100mW/cm2的模拟太阳光下照射,光照0.5h后水温为31℃)和暗场(无光照,调整水温为31℃)条件下的铀吸附测试;由结果可知Fe@PAO/PDA水凝胶材料在光场条件下的吸附量为518.7mg/g,暗场下的吸附量为415.7mg/g,说明本实施例的水凝胶具有高效光热转化性能,可明显改善其铀吸附性能。
实施例二:不同质量的PDA和聚丙烯偕胺肟前驱体溶液制备的水凝胶材料与Fe@PAO/PDA水凝胶性能测试
实施例一和实施例二的区别在于所投入的PDA:PAO质量比例不同,分别称取不同重量的聚多巴胺(PDA:PAO=0-1:1)和聚丙烯偕胺肟制备的水凝胶材料性能参见表1,由表1可见,没有PDA时,PAO在相同条件下无法形成水凝胶,而是白色的PAO多孔膜,而PDA:PAO=0.2-0.6:1时获得黑色的多孔凝胶材料;另外由表2提铀结果发现铀吸附量随着PDA的含量的增加而增加,但当PDA含量增加时,暗场和光场条件下的吸附量均随PDA含量的增加先上升后下降;说明由PDA:PAO=0.2-0.6:1时制备的凝胶材料对铀吸附有光热协同作用,显著改善其亲水性,从而促进其铀吸附能力。
表1实施例二不同质量比例的Fe@PAO/PDA水凝胶材料的形貌特征
PDA质量(g) PAO质量(g) 形貌特征
0 0.2 白色,多孔膜
0.02 0.2 灰褐色,多孔膜
0.04 0.2 黑色,水凝胶
0.06 0.2 黑色,水凝胶
0.08 0.2 黑色,水凝胶
0.10 0.2 黑色,水凝胶
0.12 0.2 黑色,水凝胶
0.2 0.2 黑色,水凝胶
表2实施例二不同质量比例的PDA水凝胶材料的提铀吸附率
Figure BDA0003224489000000051
综上所述,本发明提供的一种光热促进海水提铀双交联水凝胶吸附剂的制备方法,利用PDA与PAO之间的迈克尔加成反应先合成PAO/PDA水凝胶溶液,再利用Fe3+与羟基的交联形成具有高机械强度、高亲水性、同时兼具光热促进海水提铀的双交联三维网络结构水凝胶。该水凝胶材料合成工艺简单,条件温和、无毒害,可回收及便于大量生产,同时材料的光热性能促进了该材料对铀酰离子吸附。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明保护的范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:往偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈 溶液加入一定量的聚多巴胺粉末搅拌至溶解,后加入氢氧化钠调节反应溶液pH至碱性,在避光条件下进行迈克尔加成反应获得PAO/PDA前驱体溶液;再加入三氯化铁溶液及碱性溶液调节pH至中性进行交联反应获得凝胶溶液,最后置于模具加热成型、干燥及水洗获得双交联水凝胶吸附剂,所述偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈 和聚多巴胺的质量比为0.2-0.6:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈 和聚多巴胺的质量比为0.4:1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈 溶液体积为8mL,浓度为25mg/mL;所述三 氯化铁溶液加入体积为60μL,浓度为54mg/mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述迈克尔加成反应溶液pH为8.5,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为12h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述交联反应为搅拌20min后倒入模具,在50℃下加热24h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈 通过以下方法制备而得:称取12g盐酸羟胺加入到装有100mL DMF的圆底烧瓶中,搅拌至完全溶解,加入7g氢氧化钠;在45℃油浴中搅拌6h至溶液呈乳白色,加入10g聚丙烯腈 PAN,PAN完全溶解后升温到80℃继续反应18h;最后以11000rpm的转速离心20min收集上清液;再滴加入去离子水中沉淀,经水洗后在60℃下真空干燥、研磨得到PAO粉末。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚多巴胺通过以下方法制备而得:称取0.08g多巴胺溶于560μL水中,再依次在溶液中加入56mL乙醇和1.4mL浓度为20mg mL-1的氢氧化钠水溶液,在避光条件下搅拌24h后在1000rpm转速下离心5min,洗涤并干燥获得PDA颗粒产物。
8.一种以光热促进海水提铀的双交联水凝胶吸附剂,根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法制备而得。
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