CN113615458A - Green prevention and control method for diseases and pests in agriculture and forestry - Google Patents
Green prevention and control method for diseases and pests in agriculture and forestry Download PDFInfo
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- CN113615458A CN113615458A CN202110965879.3A CN202110965879A CN113615458A CN 113615458 A CN113615458 A CN 113615458A CN 202110965879 A CN202110965879 A CN 202110965879A CN 113615458 A CN113615458 A CN 113615458A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Mycology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a green prevention and control method for diseases and pests in agriculture and forestry, which analyzes the conditions of the diseases and pests according to a monitoring device and takes prevention and control measures for prevention and control; the prevention and control measures comprise physical prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control; the physical prevention and control comprises the steps that an insect killing lamp is installed in a planting area, an insect killing plate is hung in the planting area, the insect killing plate is a color plate, and two surfaces of the insect killing plate are provided with adhesive layers; a transparent insecticidal cover is sleeved outside the plant which is damaged by diseases and insects; the chemical prevention and control is to spray modified insecticide on a planting area to kill diseases and insects; the biological control is to install a trap bottle in the planting area. The application adopts a green prevention and control method combining physics, chemistry and biology, so that the using amount of pesticides is greatly reduced, the pollution to the environment is effectively reduced, the adopted transparent insecticidal cover can be a plant safety protection screen, the use of pesticides is avoided, the environment is well protected, the energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the green prevention and control of diseases and pests in agriculture and forestry are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture and forestry, in particular to a green prevention and control method for diseases and pests in agriculture and forestry.
Background
Agriculture and forestry are the combined name of agriculture and forestry, and can also be called as plant cultivation industry. In China, agriculture and forestry are widely distributed, and the energy-saving energy-.
However, during the growth of agriculture and forestry, the cultivated plants are often damaged by diseases and pests, thereby affecting the healthy growth of the plants. In order to prevent the plant from being damaged by diseases and insects, people usually spray chemical pesticides on the plant, although the chemical pesticides can quickly achieve the effect of preventing and controlling the diseases and the insects, the chemical pesticides can permeate into soil and water sources after being applied, certain pollution is caused to the environment, and particularly along with the increase of application time and the increase of application amount, the chemical pesticides in the soil and the water sources are gradually increased, so that great pollution is caused to the environment.
Therefore, the problem which needs to be solved at present is to reduce the pollution to the environment and to ensure that the prevention and the treatment of the diseases and the pests in agriculture and forestry are more environment-friendly.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, there is a need for a green method for controlling agricultural and forestry diseases and pests.
An agricultural and forestry disease and insect green prevention and control method comprises the following steps:
managing before cultivation: weeding, deep ploughing, turning over and raking up and exposing the soil in the planting area for 2-5 days, and then spraying a disinfectant into the planting area to remove pathogenic microorganisms in the soil;
applying farmyard manure to the soil in the planting area to adjust the nutrient balance of the soil;
adding microbial flora to the soil of the planting area to regulate and control the micro-ecological balance of the soil;
providing seedlings, and putting the seedlings into a disinfectant for disinfection operation to remove plant diseases and insect pests;
managing after cultivation: installing a monitoring device in the planting area, monitoring pests in the planting area in real time, analyzing the conditions of the pests according to the monitoring device, and performing prevention and control by adopting prevention and control measures;
the prevention and control measures comprise physical prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control.
In one embodiment, the physical control comprises installing insecticidal lights within the growing area to trap phototactic pests.
In one embodiment, the physical control comprises hanging an insecticidal panel within the growing area, the insecticidal panel having adhesive layers on both sides.
In one embodiment, the physical control further comprises the step of covering a transparent insecticidal cover outside the plant harmed by the diseases and the insects to block the plants harmed by the diseases and the insects.
In one embodiment, the chemical control comprises spraying the growing area with a modified insecticide to kill pests.
In one embodiment, the biological control comprises installing a trap bottle in the planting area, adding a disease insect female sex hormone into the trap bottle, and inducing killing of male disease insects by using the female sex hormone.
In one embodiment, the modified pesticide comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-35 parts of tea seed cake, 5-10 parts of derris elliptica, 15-25 parts of shaddock peel, 15-20 parts of hot pepper, 20-25 parts of stemona, 10-20 parts of cinnamomum camphora, 10-25 parts of castor bean, 5-10 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 10-25 parts of drumstick tree, 70-80 parts of organic solvent and 70-80 parts of water.
In one embodiment, the method of preparing the modified insecticide comprises the steps of:
providing 20-35 parts of oil-tea camellia seed cake, 5-10 parts of derris elliptica, 15-25 parts of shaddock peel, 15-20 parts of hot pepper, 20-25 parts of stemona, 10-20 parts of cinnamomum camphora, 10-25 parts of castor bean, 5-10 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 10-25 parts of drumstick tree, 70-80 parts of organic solvent and 70-80 parts of water;
adding the shaddock peel, the pepper, the tea seed cake, the derris, the stemona, the cinnamomum camphora tree, the castor bean, the radix sophorae flavescentis, the drumstick tree and part of the water into a grinder, and carrying out primary grinding operation to obtain a first mixed solution;
adding the balance of the water into the first mixed solution, and performing secondary crushing operation to obtain a second mixed solution;
carrying out primary water bath heating treatment on the second mixed solution, and then carrying out filtering operation to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue;
adding the organic solvent into the first filter residue, carrying out secondary water bath heating treatment, and then carrying out filtering operation to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue;
and mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate to obtain the modified pesticide.
In one embodiment, the preparation method of the farmyard manure comprises the following steps:
and (3) performing second crushing operation on fallen leaves, fallen fruits and dried stalks to obtain crushed materials, adding the crushed materials into a fermentation tank, adding animal wastes, water and a microbial agent, and performing fermentation reaction to obtain the farmyard manure.
In one embodiment, the disinfecting solution is at least one of a peroxyacetic acid solution, a plant ash solution, and lime water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following advantages:
the green prevention and control method for the agricultural and forestry diseases and pests is convenient for killing pathogenic microorganisms in soil by deep ploughing, turning over, insolating and sterilizing the soil in a planting area, then farmyard manure and microbial flora are added into the soil, thereby being capable of adjusting the nutrient content and the microecology of the soil, providing sufficient nutrient content for the growth of plants, ensuring the healthy growth of the plants, thereby improving the disease resistance of the plant, sterilizing the seedlings, effectively killing the plant diseases and insect pests on the seedlings, avoiding bringing the pathogenic pests into the soil, reduces the harm of the diseases and the pests to the seedlings, ensures the healthy growth of the plants, captures the tracks of the diseases and the pests by installing and monitoring in the planting area, then, according to the condition of monitoring and analyzing diseases and pests, a comprehensive prevention and control method of physical prevention and control, biological prevention and control and chemical prevention and control is adopted to strengthen the protection of plants in the planting area, thereby improving the prevention and control effect of the diseases and pests of agriculture and forestry. In addition, physical control and biological control are adopted, so that the use of pesticides is avoided, the use amount of the pesticides is reduced, the pollution to the environment is effectively reduced, and the environment is well protected.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for green prevention and control of agricultural and forestry diseases and pests according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a direction structure of a transparent insecticidal cover according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a portion of the enlarged structure of A in FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a transparent insecticidal cover according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the attached figure, 10, a transparent insecticidal cover; 100. a cover body; 110. a first air vent; 120. folding the ring; 121. folding the sub-ring; 122. a folding deformation portion; 130. covering the top of the cover; 200. a drug film layer; 210. a second air hole; 300. sleeving a piece; 310. an elastic ring; 320. fixing the rod; 330. a protective sleeve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in one embodiment, a green prevention and control method for agricultural and forestry diseases and pests includes the following steps:
s110, management before cultivation: weeding, deep ploughing, turning over and raking up and exposing the soil in the planting area for 2-5 days, and then spraying a disinfectant into the planting area to remove pathogenic microorganisms in the soil.
It can be understood that, through detaching the weeds on planting district surface, then turn over soil 15cm ~ 20cm, thereby can turn over the surface of soil with the internal pest of soil, and break up soil, rake and tie up and insolate 2 ~ 5 days, not only can kill the pest on soil surface, and can evaporate the moisture in the soil, be favorable to guaranteeing the follow-up concentration of spraying the antiseptic solution, thereby the bactericidal effect of antiseptic solution has been ensured, spray the antiseptic solution to the surface of soil, make the antiseptic solution can permeate in the soil, thereby kill the pathogenic microorganism in the soil, the environment of plant soil has been ensured.
And S120, applying farmyard manure to the soil of the planting area to adjust the nutrition balance of the soil.
The method can be understood that planting holes are dug in soil of a planting area, then a layer of farmyard manure is uniformly spread on the surface of the planting holes, the thickness of the farmyard manure is 5 cm-6 cm, and a layer of soil is laid on the surface of the farmyard manure, so that nutrient components in the farmyard manure can permeate into the soil, the nutrient balance of the soil is changed, the nutrient components of the plant soil are ensured, and the disease resistance of plants is improved.
S130, adding microbial flora to the soil of the planting area to regulate and control the micro-ecological balance of the soil.
It can be understood that, in this embodiment, the microbial flora includes bacillus subtilis, azotobacter chroococcum and distiller's yeast, through adding profitable microbial flora to soil for each microorganism of soil is in dynamic balance, azotobacter chroococcum and distiller's yeast can promote the absorption of plant to nutrient composition in the soil, and active material such as subtilin, polymyxin, nystatin and gramicidin that bacillus subtilis produced can restrain the growth of pathogenic bacteria, thereby has reduced the harm of pathogenic bacteria to the plant, has ensured the healthy growth of plant.
S140, providing seedlings, and putting the seedlings into a disinfectant for disinfection operation to remove plant diseases and insect pests. It can be understood that the seedling is placed into the disinfectant for soaking operation, and the plant diseases and insect pests of the seedling can be effectively removed, so that the plant diseases and insect pests are prevented from being brought into the soil, the harm of the plant diseases and insect pests to the seedling is reduced, the environment of the soil is further ensured, and the healthy growth of plants is guaranteed.
S150, management after cultivation: and installing a monitoring device in the planting area, monitoring pests in the planting area in real time, analyzing the conditions of the pests according to the monitoring device, and performing prevention and control by adopting prevention and control measures, wherein the prevention and control measures comprise physical prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control.
It can be understood that the monitoring device is erected in the planting area and can rotate 360 degrees, so that the trace of the diseases and the pests can be captured, the diseases and the pests can be conveniently analyzed by a user, the protection of the plants in the planting area is enhanced by adopting a comprehensive prevention and control method of physical prevention and control, biological prevention and control and chemical prevention and control, and the prevention and control effect of the diseases and the pests in agriculture and forestry is improved. In addition, physical control and biological control are adopted, so that the use of pesticides is avoided, the use amount of the pesticides is reduced, the pollution to the environment is effectively reduced, and the environment is well protected.
To reduce the amount of pesticides used, in one embodiment, the physical control comprises installing an insect lamp in the planting area to trap phototaxis pests. Specifically, establish the insecticidal lighting fixture in planting the district for the insecticidal lamp is at normal during operation, and the bright light that sends can attract the sick and pest to come, and the sick and pest touches insecticidal lamp winding coil in surface, and the sick and pest can be hit and kill to the coil of circular telegram, thereby exterminates the sick and pest, has avoided the use of pesticide, plays fine protection to the environment, more does benefit to the green prevention and control of agriculture and forestry sick and pest.
In order to catch the pests and reduce the amount of pesticide used, in one embodiment, the physical control comprises hanging a pest killing board in the planting area, wherein the pest killing board is provided with adhesive layers on two sides. Specifically, through being provided with the suspension rope in planting the district, then hang the insecticidal board on the rope, the colour of insecticidal board sets up to bright-colored colour, if red, yellow etc. have bright-colored colour, can lure the sick worm to come, and paste the viscose layer respectively through the two sides at the insecticidal board, when making the sick worm touch the viscose layer, the viscose layer can be lived the sick worm, thereby catch the sick worm, reduce the use amount of pesticide, play better protection to the environment. Further, the viscose layer passes through double-sided adhesive and pastes on the insecticidal board, and the user of being convenient for dismantles and installs the viscose layer, has improved the usability of insecticidal board, and when the viscose layer was stained with the plant diseases and insect pests, the user can directly tear the viscose layer from the insecticidal board and concentrate together to be favorable to the user to concentrate on handling the sick worm.
In order to prevent the plants in the polluted area from spreading diseases and insects, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the physical control further comprises a transparent insecticidal cover 10 which is sleeved outside the plants damaged by the diseases and the insects and blocks the plants damaged by the diseases and the insects. It can be understood that, in this embodiment, the transparent insecticidal cover 10 includes a cover body 100, a drug film layer 200 and a cover member 300, the cover body 100 is provided with a cover opening and a cavity, the cover opening is communicated with the cavity, the side wall of the cavity is provided with the drug film layer 200, the side wall of the cavity is provided with at least one first air hole 110, the drug film layer 200 is provided with at least one second air hole 210, each of the first air hole 110 and the second air hole 210 are connected with each otherTong (Chinese character of 'tong')Each of the second ventilation holes 210 is communicated with the cavity, and the sleeving member 300 is disposed on the sidewall of the sleeving opening. Specifically, each second ventilation hole is arranged on the medicine film layer 200The holes 210 can be communicated with the first air holes 110 on the side wall of the cavity, so that the air outside the cover body 100 can enter the cavity, and it can be understood that the air outside the cover body 100 can enter the second air holes 210 from the first air holes 110 and then enter the cover body 100 from the second air holes 210, so that the air exchange between the inside and the outside of the cover body 100 is realized, and the aperture of the second air holes 210 is 0.1-0.15 μm, so that the passing of the diseases and pests from the second air holes 210 can be effectively blocked, the spreading of the diseases and pests inside and outside the cover body 100 is effectively blocked, and the diseases and pests are further effectively prevented from being spread by the plants in the disease and pest pollution area.
Further, the cover body 100 is made of colloidal silica with certain hardness, and the transparent insecticidal cover 10 is covered on the plant, so that a safety barrier screen can be provided for the plant, the structural strength and the structural stability of the transparent insecticidal cover 10 are ensured, and when the cover 300 is covered on the plant, the cover 300 can be tightly attached to the plant, so that the plant damaged by the diseases and the pests is in a relatively closed cover body, and the invasion of the diseases and the pests outside the cover body 100 can be effectively blocked. It should be further noted that the transparent insect-killing cover 10 has good light transmittance, so that light can be irradiated on the plants through the transparent insect-killing cover 10 to ensure the normal growth of the plants, and meanwhile, the pests in the cover body 100 tend to be light and air, so that the diseases and insects in the cover body 100 can be gathered near the respective second airing holes 210, since the apertures of the air holes are small, the disease and insect pests cannot go out of the second air hole 210 and only move around the second air hole 210, the pests can move on the pesticide film layer 200 and touch the pesticide film layer 200, so that the insecticidal components on the pesticide film layer 200 can kill the pests, thereby killing the diseases and the pests, further isolating the propagation path of the diseases and the pests and preventing the propagation range of the diseases and the pests, the plants in the disease and pest polluted area are well isolated, so that the safety of the plants in the disease and pest uncontaminated area is protected.
Further, because behind most diseases and insects harm the plant, the plant can appear the leaf wither, wither and wait heavier disease to reduced each item function of plant, resisted external ability promptly and reduced, establish on the plant of diseases and insects harm through overlapping transparent insecticidal cover 10 cover, make transparent insecticidal cover 10 can block the rainwater and to the washing away of plant, and prevent wind, moisturize and keep warm, ensured the growing environment of plant, avoided external environment to hurt injured plant once more, thereby helped injured plant's recovery.
Furthermore, the transparent insecticidal cover 10 has different size specifications, and the user can directly observe the recovered condition of the plant in the cover body 100, then change the transparent insecticidal cover 10 of looks adaptation according to the recovered condition of plant, has improved the suitability of transparent insecticidal cover 10 to ensure the normal growth of plant, and after the injured plant recovered normally, can resist when external adverse circumstances promptly, the user can take away transparent insecticidal cover 10, thereby help the growth of plant.
In order to ensure the gas exchange capability of the transparent insecticidal cover 10, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the aperture of each first ventilation hole 110 gradually increases from the end close to the drug film layer 200 to the end far from the drug film layer 200. Specifically, the aperture of each first air vent 110 is gradually increased from one end close to the medicinal film layer 200 to one end far away from the medicinal film layer 200, so that each first air vent 110 can form a shape which is wide outside and narrow inside in the thickness direction of the cover body 100, the flow of the aperture of the cover body 100 and the outside air can be enhanced by the wide outside aperture, the blocking effect of the transparent insecticidal cover 10 on plant diseases and insect pests can be ensured by the narrow inside aperture, that is, the aperture of the first air vent not only can ensure the gas exchange capacity of the transparent insecticidal cover 10, but also can effectively ensure the growth of plants.
In this embodiment, the aperture of the side of each first vent 110 close to the drug film layer 200 is equal to the aperture of one second vent 210. It can be understood that the aperture of the first ventilation hole 110 near one side of the drug film layer 200 is set to be equal to the aperture of the second ventilation hole 210, so that the transparent insecticidal cover 10 can effectively block the passage of pests and diseases, and the blocking effect of the transparent insecticidal cover 10 on the pests and diseases is ensured.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the sleeve 300 includes an elastic ring 310 and two fixing rods 320, the elastic ring 310 is connected to a side wall of the sleeve opening, and the two fixing rods 320 are oppositely disposed at an interval on an outer side wall of an end of the cover body 100 close to the sleeve opening and connected to the cover body 100. It can be understood, elastic ring 310 can adopt the soft silica gel of elasticity to make, when transparent insecticidal cover 10 covers and locates the plant, elastic ring 310 is connected with the plant stem closely laminating, the separation effect of transparent insecticidal cover 10 to the plant diseases and insect pests in the external environment has been guaranteed better, wherein, the external environment includes soil environment and atmospheric environment, the use of pesticide has been reduced effectively, and the growth of plant has been guaranteed effectively, and then the green prevention and control of agriculture and forestry plant diseases and insect pests has been realized betterly, two dead levers 320 are inserted and are located on soil, not only can provide certain support for transparent insecticidal cover 10, and make transparent insecticidal cover 10 and soil can keep certain distance, the disease and insect pests in the soil are difficult to climb to transparent insecticidal cover 10 from two dead levers 320, thereby can effectively separate the disease and insect harm in the soil, the prevention and cure effect to agriculture and forestry disease and insect pests has been improved.
To facilitate the installation of the transparent insect-killing cover 10 by the user, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a sharp portion is provided at an end of each of the fixing rods 320 away from the cover body 100. It will be appreciated that the sharp portions provide a good insertion of the securing rod 320 into the soil, thereby providing a stable support for the transparent insecticidal cover 10 and facilitating the installation of the transparent insecticidal cover 10 by the user.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the device further comprises at least one protecting sleeve 330, and each protecting sleeve 330 is disposed on one of the sharp portions. It can be understood that the protection sleeves 330 are respectively sleeved on the sharp portions of the fixing rod 320 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, so that the sharp ends of the fixing rod 320 are prevented from being exposed, and the phenomenon that the fixing rod 320 easily scrapes hands during the transportation process is reduced.
For the convenience of transportation and carrying by the user, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the cover 100 includes a cover top 130 and a folding ring 120, and the folding ring 120 is connected with the edge of the cover top 130 to enclose the cavity. It can be understood, the size of plant differs in the agriculture and forestry, when the plant of plant highly great, then need prepare highly great transparent insecticidal cover 10, and highly great transparent insecticidal cover 10's difficult transportation and transport, and then increased the implementation degree of difficulty of the green prevention and control of agriculture and forestry sick worm, the cost of the green prevention and control of agriculture and forestry sick worm has been increased, the cover body 100 includes cover top 130 and folded loop 120, folded loop 120 has realized the collapsible of transparent insecticidal cover 10, the transportation convenience of transparent insecticidal cover 10 has been improved, the implementation degree of difficulty of the green prevention and control of agriculture and forestry sick worm has been reduced effectively and the cost of the green prevention and control of agriculture and forestry sick worm has been reduced.
For the convenience of transportation and carrying by a user, in one embodiment, the folding ring 120 includes a plurality of sequentially connected folding sub-rings 121, a folding deformation portion 122 is disposed between each two adjacent folding sub-rings 121, and each folding deformation portion 122 is connected to two adjacent folding sub-rings 121. Specifically, the folding ring 120 can be folded by itself through a plurality of sequentially connected folding sub-rings 121, so as to further increase the folding effect of the transparent insecticidal cover 10, further reduce the volume of the transparent insecticidal cover 10, and facilitate transportation, in order to better accommodate the transparent insecticidal cover 10, the folding deformation portions 122 and the folding sub-rings 121 are made of silica gel with certain hardness, the silica gel with certain hardness can be formed by adding additives with different proportions to silicone rubber and mixing, so that each folding sub-ring 121 on the folding ring 120 can be folded by itself through one folding deformation portion, so that every two adjacent folding sub-rings 121 can be sequentially stacked together, thereby reducing the volume of the transparent insecticidal cover 10, facilitating transportation and carrying by a user, and each folding sub-ring 121 on the folding ring 120 can be unfolded along one folding deformation portion, so that the folding ring 120 can provide a safety barrier for plants when being unfolded, thereby effectively blocking the invasion of external plant diseases and insect pests.
To achieve control of agricultural and forestry pests, in one embodiment, the chemical control includes spraying the growing area with a modified insecticide to kill the pests. The modified insecticide is prepared by decocting pure natural plants according to corresponding parts by mass, is low in price, can effectively kill diseases and pests of agriculture and forestry by spraying the modified insecticide in a planting area, does not damage plants and soil, reduces pollution to the environment, has no side effect on human bodies, and is more beneficial to green and environment protection.
In order to reduce the reproduction of diseases and insects, in one embodiment, the biological control comprises installing a trap bottle in the planting area, adding a disease and insect female sex hormone into the trap bottle, and inducing and killing male diseases and insects by using the female sex hormone. It can be understood that, the user can judge the time that the sick and insect is in the mating phase according to the growth characteristic of sick and insect, then will trap the bottle frame at the time of sick and insect at the mating and set up in planting the district, and place female sex hormone in traping the bottle, utilize female sex hormone to attract male sick and insect to get into and trap the bottle, thereby trap and kill the male sick and insect, make female sick and insect can not carry out the mating reproduction with male sick and insect, reduce the reproductive capacity of sick and insect effectively, the harm of sick and insect to the agriculture and forestry has been reduced, the use of pesticide has been avoided, play fine protection to the environment, the sick and insect green prevention and control that does benefit to the agriculture and forestry.
In one embodiment, the modified pesticide comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-35 parts of tea seed cake, 5-10 parts of derris elliptica, 15-25 parts of shaddock peel, 15-20 parts of hot pepper, 20-25 parts of stemona, 10-20 parts of cinnamomum camphora, 10-25 parts of castor bean, 5-10 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 10-25 parts of drumstick tree, 70-80 parts of organic solvent and 70-80 parts of water. It can be understood that the modified insecticide is prepared from pure natural plants, so that the materials can be conveniently taken and decocted by a user, the insecticidal effect is good, the damage to plants and soil is avoided, the pollution to the environment is reduced, and the green prevention and control of agricultural and forestry diseases and pests are facilitated.
In this embodiment, yu teng, hot pepper, stemona, cinnamomum camphora, castor bean, flavescent sophora root and kava all contain insecticidal composition, and the raw and other materials of this application all adopt pure natural plant, obtain modified insecticide after through the water bath heating process with each raw and other materials of above-mentioned prescription, not only can kill the sick worm effectively, do not have the harm to plant and soil, reduce the pollution to the environment, and do not have the side effect to the human body, do benefit to green. Furthermore, the natural aromatic mixture extracted from the shaddock peel mainly comprises D-limonene, linalool, citral, citronella oil and the like, can dissolve wax layers on the body surfaces of pests and phospholipid layers of germs, has strong permeability and expansion effects, can effectively kill pests with shells or harder skins, and improves the insecticidal effect of the modified insecticide. In addition, the linalool in the shaddock peel and the linalool oil in the cinnamomum camphora tree can effectively repel beneficial insects such as bees, and the beneficial insects such as the bees are well protected, so that the ecological balance of the nature is ensured, and the environment-friendly effect is better achieved.
In one embodiment, the method of preparing the modified insecticide comprises the steps of: providing 20-35 parts of oil-tea camellia seed cake, 5-10 parts of derris elliptica, 15-25 parts of shaddock peel, 15-20 parts of hot pepper, 20-25 parts of stemona, 10-20 parts of cinnamomum camphora, 10-25 parts of castor bean, 5-10 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 10-25 parts of drumstick tree, 70-80 parts of organic solvent and 70-80 parts of water; adding the shaddock peel, the hot pepper, the tea seed cake, the derris, the stemona, the cinnamomum camphora tree, the castor bean, the radix sophorae flavescentis, the drumstick tree and part of the water into a grinder to carry out primary grinding operation, so as to obtain a first mixed solution; adding the balance of the water into the first mixed solution to perform secondary crushing operation to obtain a second mixed solution; carrying out primary water bath heating treatment on the second mixed solution, and then carrying out filtering operation to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue; adding the organic solvent into the first filter residue, carrying out secondary water bath heating treatment, and then carrying out filtering operation to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue; and mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate to obtain the modified pesticide.
The raw materials are weighed according to the formula, the shaddock peel, the pepper, the oil cake, the derris, the stemona, the cinnamomum camphora, the castor bean, the radix sophorae flavescentis, the kadsura japonica and part of water are sequentially added into a grinder to be ground for one time, the added part of water can moisten the surfaces of the raw materials, the phenomena of powder flying and wall sticking in the grinding process are avoided, the loss of the raw materials is avoided, the insecticidal effect of the modified insecticide is ensured, then the rest of water is added to be ground for the second time to obtain a second mixed solution, the rest of water is added to reduce the heat generated in the grinding process, the phenomenon that the rotenone in the rotenone is decomposed by heat is avoided, the stability of the rotenone in the rotenone is ensured, and the insecticidal effect of the modified insecticide is ensured.
In one embodiment, the one-time crushing operation is carried out under the conditions that the rotating speed of the crusher is 300r/min to 350r/min, and the crushing time is 5min to 10 min. It can be understood that the crushing time is 5min to 10min at 300r/min to 350r/min, the loss of the insecticidal components of the modified insecticide can be effectively avoided, and the insecticidal effect of the modified insecticide is ensured. The conditions of the secondary crushing operation are that the rotating speed of the crusher is 400 r/min-550 r/min, and the crushing time is 10 min-25 min, so that water can be fully mixed with all raw materials, and the subsequent water bath heating is facilitated to extract insecticidal components.
It can be understood that the conditions of the primary water bath heating treatment are 55-60 ℃ for 2-3 h, so that the water-soluble substances of the modified insecticide can be well dissolved in water, and meanwhile, the loss of the rotenone component in the rotenone can be effectively avoided by adopting a low-temperature water bath method, thereby ensuring the insecticidal effect of the modified insecticide.
Adding an organic solvent into the first filter residue to carry out secondary water bath heating treatment, wherein the added organic solvent can be an alcohol solvent, and controlling the conditions of the secondary water bath heating treatment: the temperature is 55-60 ℃, the time is 1-2 h, the water-insoluble substances in the filter residue can be effectively extracted, and meanwhile, the effective insecticidal components in the modified insecticide can be ensured by adopting a low-temperature water bath method, so that the insect pest killing effect of the modified insecticide is ensured.
Furthermore, the user can also broadcast the second filter residue on the soil of the plant root, so that the second filter residue can provide nutrition for the plant root, particularly, the plant protein content of the tea cake is high, the plant can be well absorbed and utilized, the growth of the plant can be promoted, and the filter residue covering the plant root can also play a good role in warming and moisturizing the plant root, thereby ensuring the growth environment of the plant root. In addition, the first filtrate and the second filtrate are mixed, so that the uniformity of the modified pesticide is improved.
In one embodiment, the preparation method of the farmyard manure comprises the following steps: crushing fallen leaves, fallen fruits and dried stalks to obtain crushed materials, adding the crushed materials into a fermentation tank, and adding animal wastes, water and a microbial agent to perform a fermentation reaction to obtain the farmyard manure. It can be understood that 1-4 parts of fallen leaves, 4-16 parts of fallen fruits and 10-30 parts of dried stalks are provided, then the fallen leaves, the fallen fruits and the dried stalks are put into a crusher to be crushed, the contact area of crushed materials and a microbial agent is increased, the fermentation speed of the farmyard manure is accelerated, then 25-60 parts of animal wastes, 60-70 parts of water and 8-11 parts of the microbial agent are added, the proportion of N, P, K fertilizers of the fallen leaves, the fallen fruits and the dried stalks in the farmyard manure can be effectively adjusted by adding the animal wastes, and therefore the proportion of N, P, K is 1: 4: 2, the proportion of N, P, K in the farmyard manure is in dynamic balance, and the growth of plants can be promoted, so that the healthy growth of the plants is guaranteed. Furthermore, the method for centralized treatment of the waste is adopted in the application, so that a large amount of bad smell can be reduced, the phenomenon that harmful bacteria grow in the waste to harm plants is avoided, the growth of the plants is ensured, and the green environmental protection is facilitated.
In one embodiment, the microbial agent is bacillus subtilis, distiller's yeast and lactobacillus acidophilus, and specifically, the bacillus subtilis, the distiller's yeast and the lactobacillus acidophilus are mixed according to a mass ratio of 1: 2-3: 3-5, then add it and add fermentation vat stirring back lid well and ferment, utilize microbial inoculum to ferment the waste and turn into the farmyard manure to improve the utilization ratio of waste, be favorable to green.
In one embodiment, the addition amount of the farmyard manure is 5kg/cm2～10kg/cm2. It can be understood that when the amount of farmyard manure added is less than 5kg/cm2Too low, the nutrient content in the soil is low, the healthy growth of the plants cannot be ensured, and when the addition amount of the farmyard manure is more than 10kg/cm2The nutrient content in the soil is high, the waste of farmyard manure is easily caused, and the adding amount of the farmyard manure is controlled to be 5kg/cm2～10kg/cm2In time, the healthy growth of the plants is met, and the waste of farmyard manure is avoided.
In one embodiment, the disinfecting solution is at least one of a peroxyacetic acid solution, a plant ash solution, and lime water. It can be understood that, peracetic acid solution is an acid solution, strong oxidizing property has, make peracetic acid spray on soil, can kill the sick and pest effectively, guarantee the healthy growth of seedling, peracetic acid has stronger volatility simultaneously, can disinfect simultaneously to planting the air and the soil in the district, prevent effectively that the sick and pest from getting into planting the district, the growth of plant has been ensured, and after the peracetic acid disinfection, become gaseous effusion, can not stop in soil, reduce the pollution to the environment, be favorable to green. The main component of the plant ash solution is potassium carbonate (K)2CO3) The main component of the lime water is calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2) The aqueous solutions of the above are alkaline solutions, which not only can disinfect the soil and effectively prevent diseases and pests from entering the soil, but also K in the aqueous solutions of the above+And Ca2+Trace elements, which provide nutrition to the plant and thus promote the growth of the plant.
It should be further noted that, the user may select different disinfection solutions to disinfect according to the growing environment specifically adapted to the seedling, for example, if the seedling needs to grow under an acidic condition, the peroxyacetic acid solution may be selected to disinfect, and if the seedling needs to grow under an alkaline condition, the plant ash solution, the calcium hydroxide, or a mixture of the plant ash solution and the calcium hydroxide may be selected to disinfect, so that the healthy growth of the seedling may be further ensured, and the disease resistance of the seedling may be improved.
In one embodiment, in the step of monitoring pests in the planting area in real time, a pest sticking adhesive tape is wound on the branches and the stems of the plants for sticking the pests so as to analyze the pests and take corresponding prevention and control measures for prevention and control. It can be understood that through twine the mythimna separata sticky tape on the branch of plant, utilize the stickness of sticky tape to glue the sick and insect to carry out experimental analysis with the sick and insect that glues, thereby judge holistic sick and insect population state, make corresponding effectual prevention and control measure, for example, whether the sick and insect is in the mating phase from the sick and insect analysis that catches, the user of being convenient for judges the time of installing trap bottle.
Some specific examples are listed below, and if mentioned%, all are expressed in weight percent. It should be noted that the following examples are not intended to be exhaustive of all possible cases, and that the materials used in the following examples are commercially available without specific recitation.
Example 1
Managing before cultivation: weeding, deep ploughing, turning over and raking up and exposing the soil in a planting area for 2 days, and then spraying a peroxyacetic acid solution into the planting area to remove pathogenic microorganisms in the soil; applying farmyard manure of 5kg/cm to the soil of the planting area2To adjust the nutrient balance of the soil; adding bacillus subtilis, azotobacter chroococcum and distiller yeast to the soil in the planting area to regulate and control the micro-ecological balance of the soil; providing cedar seedlings, and putting the cedar seedlings into a peroxyacetic acid solution for disinfection operation to remove plant diseases and insect pests;
managing after cultivation: installing a monitoring device in the planting area, monitoring pests in the planting area in real time, winding pest sticking adhesive tapes on branches of plants for sticking diseases and pests to analyze the diseases and pests, analyzing the conditions of the diseases and pests according to the monitoring device, and taking prevention and control measures to perform prevention and control; the prevention and control measures comprise physical prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control; the physical control comprises installing an insect killing lamp in the planting area to trap and kill phototaxis diseases and insects; the physical prevention and control comprises the steps that an insecticidal plate is hung in the planting area, and two surfaces of the insecticidal plate are provided with adhesive layers; the physical prevention and control also comprises the step of coating a transparent insecticidal cover outside the plant damaged by the diseases and the insects to block the plants damaged by the diseases and the insects; the chemical control comprises the steps of spraying a modified insecticide on the planting area to kill diseases and insects; the biological control comprises the steps of installing a trap bottle in the planting area, adding insect-resistant female sex hormone into the trap bottle, and utilizing the female sex hormone to induce and kill male insects.
The preparation method of the modified pesticide comprises the following steps:
providing 20 parts of tea seed cake, 5 parts of derris elliptica, 15 parts of shaddock peel, 15 parts of pepper, 20 parts of stemona, 10 parts of cinnamomum camphora, 10 parts of castor bean, 5 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 10 parts of kadsura root, 70 parts of organic solvent and 70 parts of water; adding the shaddock peel, the hot pepper, the tea seed cake, the derris, the stemona, the cinnamomum camphora tree, the castor bean, the radix sophorae flavescentis, the drumstick tree and part of water into a grinder, and grinding for 5min at the rotating speed of 300r/min for one time to obtain a first mixed solution; adding the rest of water into the first mixed solution, and performing secondary crushing operation under the conditions that the rotating speed is 400r/min and the crushing time is 10min to obtain a second mixed solution; carrying out primary water bath heating treatment on the second mixed solution, wherein the conditions of the primary water bath heating treatment are 55 ℃ and the time is 2 hours, and then carrying out filtering operation to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue; adding the organic solvent into the first filter residue to perform secondary water bath heating treatment under the condition that the temperature of secondary water powder heating treatment is 55 ℃ for 1 hour, and then performing filtering operation to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue; and mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate to obtain the modified pesticide.
The preparation method of the farmyard manure comprises the following steps:
crushing 1 part of fallen leaves, 4 parts of fallen fruits and 10 parts of dried stalks to obtain crushed materials, adding the crushed materials into a fermentation tank, and adding 25 parts of animal wastes, 60 parts of water and 8 parts of microbial agents to perform fermentation reaction to obtain the farmyard manure.
Example 2
Managing before cultivation: weeding, deep ploughing and turning over soil in a planting area, raking and exposing for 3 days, and then spraying a peroxyacetic acid solution into the planting area to remove pathogenic microorganisms in the soil; applying farmyard manure of 7kg/cm to the soil of the planting area2To adjust the nutrient balance of the soil; adding bacillus subtilis, azotobacter chroococcum and distiller yeast to the soil in the planting area to regulate and control the micro-ecological balance of the soil; providing camellia seedlings, and putting the camellia seedlings into a peroxyacetic acid solution for disinfection operation to remove plant diseases and insect pests;
managing after cultivation: installing a monitoring device in the planting area, monitoring pests in the planting area in real time, winding pest sticking adhesive tapes on branches of plants for sticking diseases and pests to analyze the diseases and pests, analyzing the conditions of the diseases and pests according to the monitoring device, and taking prevention and control measures to perform prevention and control; the prevention and control measures comprise physical prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control; the physical control comprises installing an insect killing lamp in the planting area to trap and kill phototaxis diseases and insects; the physical prevention and control comprises the steps that an insecticidal plate is hung in the planting area, and two surfaces of the insecticidal plate are provided with adhesive layers; the physical prevention and control also comprises the step of coating a transparent insecticidal cover outside the plant damaged by the diseases and the insects to block the plants damaged by the diseases and the insects; the chemical control comprises the steps of spraying a modified insecticide on the planting area to kill diseases and insects; the biological control comprises the steps of installing a trap bottle in the planting area, adding insect-resistant female sex hormone into the trap bottle, and utilizing the female sex hormone to induce and kill male insects.
The preparation method of the modified pesticide comprises the following steps:
providing 25 parts of oil-tea camellia seed cake, 7 parts of derris elliptica, 20 parts of shaddock peel, 18 parts of pepper, 22 parts of stemona, 15 parts of cinnamomum camphora, 15 parts of castor bean, 7 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 16 parts of kadsura longipedunculata, 75 parts of organic solvent and 75 parts of water; adding the shaddock peel, the hot pepper, the tea seed cake, the derris, the stemona, the cinnamomum camphora tree, the castor bean, the radix sophorae flavescentis, the drumstick tree and part of water into a grinder, and grinding for 8min at a rotating speed of 330r/min for one time to obtain a first mixed solution; adding the rest of water into the first mixed solution, and performing secondary crushing operation under the conditions that the rotating speed is 450r/min and the crushing time is 15min to obtain a second mixed solution; carrying out primary water bath heating treatment on the second mixed solution, wherein the conditions of the primary water bath heating treatment are 58 ℃ and the time is 2.5h, and then carrying out filtering operation to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue; adding the organic solvent into the first filter residue to perform secondary water bath heating treatment under the condition of 58 ℃ for 1.5h, and then performing filtering operation to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue; and mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate to obtain the modified pesticide.
The preparation method of the farmyard manure comprises the following steps:
crushing 3 parts of fallen leaves, 10 parts of fallen fruits and 15 parts of dried stalks to obtain crushed materials, adding the crushed materials into a fermentation tank, and adding 45 parts of animal wastes, 65 parts of water and 9 parts of microbial agents to perform fermentation reaction to obtain the farmyard manure.
Example 3
Managing before cultivation: weeding, deep ploughing, turning over and raking up and exposing the soil in the planting area for 5 days, and then spraying lime water solution into the planting area to remove pathogenic microorganisms in the soil; applying farmyard manure 10kg/cm to the soil of the planting area2To adjust the nutrient balance of the soil; adding bacillus subtilis, azotobacter chroococcum and distiller yeast to the soil in the planting area to regulate and control the micro-ecological balance of the soil; providing oleaster seedlings, and putting the oleaster seedlings into a plant ash solution for disinfection operation to remove plant diseases and insect pests;
managing after cultivation: installing a monitoring device in the planting area, monitoring pests in the planting area in real time, winding pest sticking adhesive tapes on branches of plants for sticking diseases and pests to analyze the diseases and pests, analyzing the conditions of the diseases and pests according to the monitoring device, and taking prevention and control measures to perform prevention and control; the prevention and control measures comprise physical prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control; the physical control comprises installing an insect killing lamp in the planting area to trap and kill phototaxis diseases and insects; the physical prevention and control comprises the steps that an insecticidal plate is hung in the planting area, and two surfaces of the insecticidal plate are provided with adhesive layers; the physical prevention and control also comprises the step of coating a transparent insecticidal cover outside the plant damaged by the diseases and the insects to block the plants damaged by the diseases and the insects; the chemical control comprises the steps of spraying a modified insecticide on the planting area to kill diseases and insects; the biological control comprises the steps of installing a trap bottle in the planting area, adding insect-resistant female sex hormone into the trap bottle, and utilizing the female sex hormone to induce and kill male insects.
The preparation method of the modified pesticide comprises the following steps:
providing 35 parts of tea seed cake, 10 parts of derris elliptica, 25 parts of shaddock peel, 20 parts of pepper, 25 parts of stemona, 20 parts of cinnamomum camphora, 25 parts of castor bean, 10 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 25 parts of kadsura root, 80 parts of organic solvent and 80 parts of water; adding the shaddock peel, the hot pepper, the tea seed cake, the derris, the stemona, the cinnamomum camphora tree, the castor bean, the radix sophorae flavescentis, the kadsura japonicas and part of water into a grinder, and grinding for 10min at the rotating speed of 350r/min for one time to obtain a first mixed solution; adding the rest of water into the first mixed solution, and performing secondary crushing operation under the conditions that the rotating speed is 550r/min and the crushing time is 25min to obtain a second mixed solution; carrying out primary water bath heating treatment on the second mixed solution, wherein the conditions of the primary water bath heating treatment are 60 ℃ and the time is 3 hours, and then carrying out filtering operation to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue; adding the organic solvent into the first filter residue to perform secondary water bath heating treatment under the condition of 60 ℃ for 2 hours, and then performing filtering operation to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue; and mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate to obtain the modified pesticide.
The preparation method of the farmyard manure comprises the following steps:
crushing 4 parts of fallen leaves, 16 parts of fallen fruits and 30 parts of dried stalks to obtain crushed materials, adding the crushed materials into a fermentation tank, and adding 60 parts of animal wastes, 70 parts of water and 11 parts of microbial agents to perform fermentation reaction to obtain the farmyard manure.
Example 4
Managing before cultivation: weeding, deep ploughing and turning over soil in a planting area, raking and exposing for 4 days, and then spraying a mixed solution of lime water and plant ash into the planting area to remove pathogenic microorganisms in the soil; applying farmyard manure of 8kg/cm to the soil of the planting area2To adjust the nutrient balance of the soil; adding bacillus subtilis, azotobacter chroococcum and distiller's yeast to the soil in the planting area to regulate and control the microorganism of the soilCarrying out state balance; providing pomegranate seedlings, and putting the pomegranate seedlings into plant ash solution for disinfection operation to remove plant diseases and insect pests;
managing after cultivation: installing a monitoring device in the planting area, monitoring pests in the planting area in real time, winding pest sticking adhesive tapes on branches of plants for sticking diseases and pests to analyze the diseases and pests, analyzing the conditions of the diseases and pests according to the monitoring device, and taking prevention and control measures to perform prevention and control; the prevention and control measures comprise physical prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control; the physical control comprises installing an insect killing lamp in the planting area to trap and kill phototaxis diseases and insects; the physical prevention and control comprises the steps that an insecticidal plate is hung in the planting area, and two surfaces of the insecticidal plate are provided with adhesive layers; the physical prevention and control also comprises the step of coating a transparent insecticidal cover outside the plant damaged by the diseases and the insects to block the plants damaged by the diseases and the insects; the chemical control comprises the steps of spraying a modified insecticide on the planting area to kill diseases and insects; the biological control comprises the steps of installing a trap bottle in the planting area, adding insect-resistant female sex hormone into the trap bottle, and utilizing the female sex hormone to induce and kill male insects.
The preparation method of the modified pesticide comprises the following steps:
providing 28 parts of tea seed cake, 8 parts of derris elliptica, 22 parts of shaddock peel, 19 parts of pepper, 23 parts of stemona, 17 parts of cinnamomum camphora, 18 parts of castor bean, 8 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 20 parts of drumstick tree, 78 parts of organic solvent and 75 parts of water; adding the shaddock peel, the hot pepper, the tea seed cake, the derris, the stemona, the cinnamomum camphora tree, the castor bean, the radix sophorae flavescentis, the kadsura japonicas and part of water into a grinder, and grinding for 9min at the rotating speed of 340r/min for one time to obtain a first mixed solution; adding the rest of water into the first mixed solution, and performing secondary crushing operation under the conditions that the rotating speed is 470r/min and the crushing time is 20min to obtain a second mixed solution; carrying out primary water bath heating treatment on the second mixed solution, wherein the conditions of the primary water bath heating treatment are 59 ℃ and the time is 2.8h, and then carrying out filtering operation to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue; adding the organic solvent into the first filter residue to perform secondary water bath heating treatment under the condition of 59 ℃ for 1.7h, and then performing filtering operation to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue; and mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate to obtain the modified pesticide.
The preparation method of the farmyard manure comprises the following steps:
crushing 3.5 parts of fallen leaves, 13 parts of fallen fruits and 20 parts of dried stalks to obtain crushed materials, adding the crushed materials into a fermentation tank, and adding 55 parts of animal wastes, 68 parts of water and 10 parts of microbial agents for fermentation reaction to obtain the farmyard manure.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 4 is that the comparative example 1 covers a common bag on the plant which is damaged by the diseases and the pests, and the dosage and the preparation method of other reagents are the same as the example 4.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 1 differs from example 4 in that the formulation of the modified insecticide of comparative example 2 lacks the shaddock peel component and the other reagents are used in the same amounts and prepared in the same manner as in example 4.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 1 is different from example 4 in the preparation method of the modified insecticide in comparative example 3, and the modified insecticide in comparative example 3 is prepared by the following method: adding the shaddock peel, the hot pepper, the tea seed cake, the derris, the stemona, the cinnamomum camphora, the castor bean, the radix sophorae flavescentis, the kadsura japonicas and the water into a grinder, grinding for 29min at the rotating speed of 350r/min to obtain a first mixed solution, then carrying out water bath heating treatment on the first mixed solution at the water bath heating treatment condition of 59 ℃ for 4.5h, and then carrying out filtering operation to obtain the modified insecticide, wherein the dosage of other reagents and the preparation method are the same as those in example 4.
Comparative example 4
The difference between comparative example 1 and example 4 is that the temperature of the second water bath treatment of the modified insecticide in comparative example 4 is 62 ℃, and the amounts of other reagents and the preparation method are the same as those in example 4.
Comparative example 5
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 4 is that the disinfectant in the comparative example 5 adopts peroxyacetic acid solution, and the other reagent dosage and preparation method are the same as the example 4.
Field test
And carrying out field tests on the planting areas by using the green prevention and control methods of the above examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-5.
Test method 1:
and randomly sampling 3 points in the planting area to test the pest control effect, counting the survival population of the pests after 72 hours, and calculating the pest control efficiency. The formula for calculating the control efficiency is as follows:
control effect (%) - (number of worms before application-number of worms after application)/number of worms before application × 100 test results:
test method 2: sampling 5 points randomly in the planting area, and 10 plants are fixed at each point, and sampling and investigating 50 plants in total. The plant growth condition is recorded by a grading method, and the grading standard is as follows:
level 0: the plant is tall and big, the whole plant has no disease spots, and the leaves are verdure;
level 1: the area of the disease spots accounts for less than 5 percent of the area of the whole leaves, the stalks have no disease spots, the leaves have a small amount of disease spots, and the leaves are emerald;
and 3, level: the area of the disease spots accounts for 5-20% of the area of the whole leaves, a small amount of disease spots appear on the stems, more disease spots appear on the leaves, and the leaves are dark yellow;
and 5, stage: the disease spot area accounts for 20-40% of the whole leaf area, the number of disease spots of stems is large, the number of disease spots of leaves is large, and the leaves are withered;
and 7, stage: the disease spot area accounts for 40-80% of the whole leaf area, the whole stem has disease spots, the number of the disease spots on the leaves is large, and the plants are withered.
The test results are shown in table 1:
table 1 planting area test results
As can be seen from table 1, the experimental groups of the embodiments 1 to 4 adopting the prevention and control method combining physical prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control are all superior to the control group, the prevention and control effects all reach over 90%, the growth condition of the plants is good, the whole plants have no disease spots, and the leaves are emerald green, wherein the embodiment 4 has better performance in all aspects, not only can effectively prevent invasion of diseases and pests and ensure the normal growth of the plants in the transparent insecticidal cover, but also has no phenomenon of phytotoxicity by adopting the modified insecticide, which shows that the modified insecticide of the present application plays a better role in prevention and control of the diseases and pests on the growth of the plants, is safe, and is friendly to beneficial diseases and pests and the environment.
It can be seen from the comparison between the embodiment 4 and the comparative example 1 that the transparent insecticidal cover used in the embodiment 4 can not only kill the diseases and pests in the cover body, thereby cutting off the propagation path of the diseases and pests, reducing the infection rate of the diseases and pests among the plants, but also can better protect the plants suffering from the diseases and pests from the outside, ensuring the growth environment of the plants suffering from the diseases, being beneficial to the recovery of the plants suffering from the diseases, ensuring the healthy growth of the plants suffering from the diseases and pests in the cover body, and further improving the control effect of the diseases and pests in agriculture and forestry.
As can be seen from comparison of comparative examples 2-4 and example 4, the pesticide of comparative example 2 lacks shaddock peel, the control effect of the modified pesticide is poor, more scabs of the stem are generated, the number of scabs of the leaf is increased, and the leaf is withered, the control effect of the pesticide obtained by adopting one-time crushing operation and one-time water bath heating treatment in comparative example 3 is poor, a small number of scabs of the stem are generated, more scabs are generated on the leaf, and the leaf is dark yellow, and the control effect of the modified pesticide is poor when the temperature of the secondary water bath heating treatment in the component for preparing the modified pesticide in comparative example 4 is higher than 60 ℃, a small number of scabs of the stem are generated, more scabs are generated on the leaf, and the leaf is dark yellow. Therefore, the modified insecticide prepared according to the formula has a good control effect and good plant growth, namely, the plant is tall and big, the whole plant has no disease spots, and the leaves are emerald green, so that the modified insecticide is nontoxic and harmless to the plant and is more beneficial to green control of agricultural and forestry diseases and pests.
It can be seen from comparison between comparative example 5 and example 4 that the growth condition of the plant in example 4 is better than that of comparative example 5, and mainly the user selects a proper disinfectant to disinfect according to the growth requirement of the seedling, so that the disease and insect can be effectively prevented and controlled, the pH value of the soil in the planting area can be adjusted, and a proper growth environment is provided for the seedling, thereby promoting the healthy growth of the plant and improving the disease resistance of the plant.
In conclusion, the invention adopts a prevention and control method combining physical prevention and control, chemical prevention and biological prevention and control, strengthens the protection of plants, has good insecticidal prevention and control effect, can reduce the using amount of pesticides by adopting the physical prevention and control and the biological prevention and control, thereby effectively reducing the pollution to the environment, playing a good role in protecting the environment, being more beneficial to the green prevention and control of agricultural and forestry diseases and pests, simultaneously, the modified pesticide has low price, reduces the cost of the green prevention and control of the agricultural and forestry diseases and pests, ensures the insecticidal effect, is nontoxic and harmless to the plants and soil, is friendly to beneficial insects, and simultaneously, a transparent insecticidal cover is sleeved on the plants which are damaged by the diseases and pests, not only provides a safety barrier for the plants which are damaged by the diseases and pests, but also blocks the propagation path of the diseases and pests, prevents the plants in a pollution area from further propagating the diseases and pests, ensures the growth environment in a planting area, improves the green prevention and control of the agricultural and forestry diseases and pests, is more beneficial to green and environmental protection.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A green prevention and control method for agricultural and forestry diseases and pests,
managing before cultivation: weeding, deep ploughing, turning over and raking up and exposing the soil in the planting area for 2-5 days, and then spraying a disinfectant into the planting area to remove pathogenic microorganisms in the soil;
applying farmyard manure to the soil in the planting area to adjust the nutrient balance of the soil;
adding microbial flora to the soil of the planting area to regulate and control the micro-ecological balance of the soil;
providing seedlings, and putting the seedlings into a disinfectant for disinfection operation to remove plant diseases and insect pests;
managing after cultivation: installing a monitoring device in the planting area, monitoring pests in the planting area in real time, analyzing the conditions of the pests according to the monitoring device, and performing prevention and control by adopting prevention and control measures; the prevention and control measures comprise physical prevention and control, chemical prevention and control and biological prevention and control.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the physical control comprises installing an insect-killing lamp in the planting area to trap phototaxis pests.
3. The method for green prevention and control of agricultural and forestry diseases and pests as claimed in claim 1, wherein the physical control comprises hanging an insect-killing board in a planting area, and the insect-killing board is provided with adhesive layers on both sides.
4. The green prevention and control method for the diseases and the pests in the agriculture and forestry as claimed in claim 1, wherein the physical prevention and control further comprises the step of covering a transparent insecticidal cover outside the plants damaged by the diseases and the pests to block the plants damaged by the diseases and the pests.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the chemical control comprises spraying the planting area with a modified insecticide to kill the pests.
6. The method for green prevention and control of agricultural and forestry diseases and pests as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biological control comprises installing a trap bottle in the planting area, adding a disease and pest female sex hormone into the trap bottle, and inducing and killing male disease and pest by using the female sex hormone.
7. The green prevention and control method for the agricultural and forestry diseases and pests as claimed in claim 5, wherein the modified insecticide comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-35 parts of tea seed cake, 5-10 parts of derris elliptica, 15-25 parts of shaddock peel, 15-20 parts of hot pepper, 20-25 parts of stemona, 10-20 parts of cinnamomum camphora, 10-25 parts of castor bean, 5-10 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 10-25 parts of drumstick tree, 70-80 parts of organic solvent and 70-80 parts of water.
8. The green prevention and control method for the agricultural and forestry diseases and pests as claimed in claim 7, wherein the preparation method of the modified pesticide comprises the following steps:
providing 20-35 parts of oil-tea camellia seed cake, 5-10 parts of derris elliptica, 15-25 parts of shaddock peel, 15-20 parts of hot pepper, 20-25 parts of stemona, 10-20 parts of cinnamomum camphora, 10-25 parts of castor bean, 5-10 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 10-25 parts of drumstick tree, 70-80 parts of organic solvent and 70-80 parts of water;
adding the shaddock peel, the pepper, the tea seed cake, the derris, the stemona, the cinnamomum camphora tree, the castor bean, the radix sophorae flavescentis, the drumstick tree and part of the water into a grinder, and carrying out primary grinding operation to obtain a first mixed solution;
adding the balance of the water into the first mixed solution, and performing secondary crushing operation to obtain a second mixed solution;
carrying out primary water bath heating treatment on the second mixed solution, and then carrying out filtering operation to obtain a first filtrate and a first filter residue;
adding the organic solvent into the first filter residue, carrying out secondary water bath heating treatment, and then carrying out filtering operation to obtain a second filtrate and a second filter residue;
and mixing the first filtrate and the second filtrate to obtain the modified pesticide.
9. The green prevention and control method for the agricultural and forestry diseases and pests as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method for the farmyard manure comprises the following steps:
crushing fallen leaves, fallen fruits and dried stalks to obtain crushed materials, adding the crushed materials into a fermentation tank, adding animal wastes, water and a microbial agent, and performing a fermentation reaction to obtain the farmyard manure.
10. The method for green prevention and control of agricultural and forestry diseases and pests according to claim 1, wherein the disinfectant is at least one of a peroxyacetic acid solution, a plant ash solution and lime water.
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