CN113604765B - 一种钢带热浸镀方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及金属材料的表面处理技术,具体涉及一种钢带热浸方法,以缓解现有技术中存在的镀层与基体金属的附着性能的问题。首先对钢带进行表面清洁,随后将钢带升温、油浴淬火,降温至室温,细化钢带表面晶粒尺寸,再次经过表面清洁后进行渗氮处理,在含氮气氛中进行,使得在经过淬火后的钢带表面晶界处析出氮化物,进一步细化钢带表面组织,为后续热浸镀提供较高表面能的表面,此外细化后的表面结构为后续镀层的制备过程提供更多的形核点位,有利于热浸镀镀层的附着性提高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及金属材料的表面处理技术,具体地说涉及钢带热浸镀方法。
背景技术
金属腐蚀是指金属材料在周围介质的作用受到损坏。普通的钢铁材料在大多数的环境下(如大气,海水和工厂等)都极易发生腐蚀。每年因腐蚀而发生损坏的钢铁材料占全球总产量的五分之一左右。腐蚀不仅造成严重的经济损失,甚至会危及人民的生命和财产安全。防护钢铁腐蚀的方法种类众多,例如合金钢保护法,表面处理保护法和电化学保护法等。其中表面处理保护法包括热浸镀、电镀、热喷涂、喷漆等方法。热浸镀是指把经过预处理的基体(如钢铁材料)浸在熔融状态的另一种低熔点金属液中,保持一定时间,使镀液金属渗入金属基体,并在其表面形成一层具有保护作用的金属膜的方法。近年来,Zn-Al-Mg 合金镀层因其优异的性能得到了广泛的关注,并且被广泛应用于建筑业、家用电器和汽车等领域。
热浸镀后,可在金属表面形成耐腐蚀性良好的保护薄膜,能够显著延长使用寿命。传统的腐蚀包括化学腐蚀和电化学腐蚀两种,形成的氧化物层能够避免基体与环境的直接接触,产生保护作用。若由于某种原因使镀锌层发生了破坏,使铁表面露出较小部分表面并与电解质溶液接触时,锌将作为微电池的阳极,对铁起到保护作用。但是如果使铁表面暴露得过大,以致于电解液无法覆盖被损伤的表面时,锌的保护作用就会消失,钢铁就好像没有受到任何保护一样,很快地遭到腐蚀。因此再提高镀层耐腐蚀性的基础上还要考虑镀层与基体金属的附着性能。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种钢带热浸方法,以缓解现有技术中存在的镀层与基体金属的附着性能的问题。
为了缓解上述技术问题,本发明提供的技术方案在于:
首先对钢带进行表面清洁,随后将钢带升温至850-950℃,油浴淬火,降温至室温,细化钢带表面晶粒尺寸,再次经过表面清洁后进行渗氮处理,在含氮气氛中进行,渗氮温度500-550℃,含氮气氛通入速率维持在0.2-0.3L/min,保温2h,使得在经过淬火后的钢带表面晶界处析出氮化物,进一步细化钢带表面组织,为后续热浸镀提供较高表面能的表面,此外细化后的表面结构为后续镀层的制备过程提供更多的形核点位,有利于热浸镀镀层的附着性提高。
采用氮气作为渗氮氮源,不采用含氢氮源,避免H元素的引入导致基体出现氢脆,降低使用性能。渗氮温度及时间等参数的选择能够避免氮源深入钢带表面的深度过深,主要使渗氮发生在钢带表面,不追求对表面内部的渗透,由于渗氮导致表面硬度提高过高反而会影响基体与涂层的结合性能,硬度不匹配会导致在使用过程中开裂的趋势增加,裂纹的出现会导致腐蚀现象的直接产生。
具体的表面清洁方法为采用5%氢氧化钠溶液超声处理5-10min。
随后对处理后的钢带进行热浸镀镀锌处理。镀锌液化学成分为:13-20%wt Al、5-7%wt Mg、1-2%wt Si、3-5%wt Zr、0.1-0.2%wt La、余量为Zn。镀覆温度为480-520℃,镀覆时间为1-3min。得到的镀层相组成包括富 Al 相、富 Zn 相、Mg2Si 相、富 Si 相、MgZn2相、Mg2Zn11相。
Al 元素对热浸镀合金耐腐蚀性的影响:Al 元素的加入可以明显改善热浸镀 Zn的耐腐蚀性,在腐蚀过程中,Al 会在镀层表面形成一层致密的氧化铝钝化层,该层具有较好的保护作用。
Mg 元素的加入可以提高镀层耐腐蚀性能,改善合金组织形貌,促进合金组织中MgZn2,添加使得镀层的腐蚀产物更为致密,耐蚀性更好。Mg 元素的含量过高,锌液的粘度就会明显增加,使得镀层变脆,也会造成锌液浸润性下降。
加入适当含量的Zr 元素,可以成为热浸镀合金镀层的形核中心,从而起到细化镀层合金组织的作用。当 Zr 以极细的沉淀物形式存在于热浸镀合金液中,Zr 元素的加入还可以打碎合金组织中呈连续分布的粗大 MgZn2相,使其变为弥散分布的均匀 MgZn2相,同时也会使各种初生相和共晶组织变得更加细小和致密,从而显著改善 Zn-Al-Mg 合金镀层的微观组织和力学性能,因此可以提高热浸镀产品的硬度,表面质量及耐腐蚀性能等性能。
在镀液中添加一定量的Si,生成Mg2Si相,出现的 Mg2Si 相比 MgZn2相对提高镀层的抗腐蚀能力效果更好。
向镀液中添加稀土元素La能降低镀液粘度,改善镀液的流动性,更加有利于镀液成分的均匀,使得得到的镀层耐腐蚀性更加均一,避免由于成分偏析导致局部腐蚀性降低的现象。
本申请通过合金元素及含量的调整提高钢带的耐腐蚀性能,在热浸镀前通过淬火结合渗氮工艺细化表面结构,并为后续镀层的制备过程提供更多的形核点位,有利于热浸镀镀层的附着性提高。
具体实施方式
实施例1
对钢带进行表面清洁,采用5%氢氧化钠溶液超声处理8min,随后将钢带升温至随后升温至900℃,油浴淬火,降温至室温,再次经过表面清洁后进行渗氮处理,渗氮温度520℃,渗氮气氛为N2,氮气通入速率维持在0.3L/min,保温2h。
镀锌液化学成分为:15%wt Al、6%wt Mg、2%wt Si、4%wt Zr、0.1%wt La、余量为Zn。镀覆温度为480℃,镀覆时间为2min。
制备完成后钢带进行耐腐蚀性和附着性测试。耐腐蚀性测试中将镀覆后钢带装入盐雾试验机中,并根据国际标准(ASTM B117-11)测量产生锈蚀现象的面积。此时,利用5%的盐水(温度为35℃、pH为6.8),每小时喷雾2ml/80cm2的盐水,利用图像分析仪(imageanalyzer)分析所产生的锈蚀的面积,当锈蚀的面积为5%以下时,评价为“○”,当锈蚀的面积超过5%时,评价为“×”
附着性测试依据国标GB/T39130-2020中的测试方法,采用胶带目测法判断附着力级别,1级代表胶带上显示无粉化或极少量粉化现象,2级表示胶带上有许多细小的线状粉化现象产生,3级表示胶带上显示在窄小的区域有许多线状或片状的粉化现象发生,4级表示在胶带上显示在整个区域有许多大的线状或片状粉化现象发生,5级表示胶带上显示镀层基本完全剥落。
实施例2-11
采用实施例1中的镀层制备工艺,调整预处理淬火及渗碳工艺,然后通过附着性测试判断预处理工艺对于热浸镀层与基体结合性的影响,实施例具体处理参数参见表1 。
实施例6中预处理过程中未进行淬火处理,仅进行渗氮处理,得到的镀层在附着性测试中胶带上显示在窄小的区域有许多线状或片状的粉化现象发生。实施例7预处理过程中仅进行淬火处理,省略后续的渗氮操作,得到的镀层在附着性测试中胶带上显示在窄小的区域有许多线状或片状的粉化现象发生。实施例8-11对渗氮参数进行了调整,导致附着性出现了不同程度的劣化。
表1
实施例12-24
采用实施例1中的预处理方法,对镀锌液成分进行调整,随后对耐腐蚀性进行测试,得出各个实施例中出现锈蚀现象的时间。各个实施例镀液成分参见表2,具体的耐腐蚀性测试结果参见表3。实施例1、12-15在盐雾试验900h后表面未出现明显锈蚀现象。而实施例16-24则在盐雾试验750h或900h后出现了部分锈蚀。
表2
表3
Claims (2)
1.一种钢带热浸镀方法,其特征在于,首先对钢带进行表面清洁,随后将钢带升温至850-950℃,油浴淬火,降温至室温,再次经过表面清洁后进行渗氮处理,在含氮气氛中进行,渗氮温度500-550℃,含氮气氛通入速率维持在0.2-0.3L/min,保温2h;所述的含氮气氛为N2;随后对处理后的钢带进行热浸镀镀锌处理;镀锌液化学成分为:13-20%wt Al、5-7%wtMg、1-2%wt Si、3-5%wt Zr、0.1-0.2%wt La、余量为Zn;镀覆温度为480-520℃,镀覆时间为1-3min;在热浸镀前通过淬火结合渗氮工艺细化表面结构,并为后续镀层的制备过程提供更多的形核点位,有利于热浸镀镀层的附着性提高。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,具体的表面清洁方法为采用5%氢氧化钠溶液超声处理5-10min。
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CN105586470A (zh) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-05-18 | 无锡华冶钢铁有限公司 | 一种以合金钢Crl2MolVI为材料的模具制造工艺 |
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