CN113597973A - High-yield and high-quality cultivation method for tricholoma matsutake - Google Patents
High-yield and high-quality cultivation method for tricholoma matsutake Download PDFInfo
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- CN113597973A CN113597973A CN202111042742.7A CN202111042742A CN113597973A CN 113597973 A CN113597973 A CN 113597973A CN 202111042742 A CN202111042742 A CN 202111042742A CN 113597973 A CN113597973 A CN 113597973A
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- 241000121220 Tricholoma matsutake Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000002686 mushroom body Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008670 Pinus densiflora Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000000405 Pinus densiflora Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 240000005020 Acaciella glauca Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000018782 Dacrydium cupressinum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000013697 Pinus resinosa Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 13
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000958510 Stropharia rugosoannulata Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield and high-quality cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a substrate; (2) land selection and preparation: selecting coniferous forests with smooth ventilation, uniform illumination and 40-60% of shading rate, sowing for half a month before, removing weeds on the ground, making furrows, and pouring 1% of tea seed cake water; (3) sowing: firstly, paving a first layer of matrix on a furrow, then uniformly placing strains on the matrix, paving a second layer of matrix, continuously and uniformly paving a second layer of strains on the matrix, paving a third layer of matrix on the second layer of strains, then covering soil, and covering a layer of straw after the soil covering is finished; (4) and (3) fruiting management: controlling the temperature at 20-25 ℃ after fruiting and the air humidity at 85-90%; (5) harvesting: harvesting when the mushroom grows to 5-8 cm. The red pine mushroom cultivated by the method has short growth period, high yield and good quality, and the tea seed cake water is splashed on the surface of the ridge, so that not only are germs and viruses in the field effectively killed, but also the use of pesticides is reduced, and a good environment is provided for the growth of the red pine mushroom.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a high-yield and high-quality cultivation method for tricholoma matsutake.
Background
The red pine mushroom is named as Stropharia rugosoannulata, crinkled cap fungus, cap fungus with wine red and kidney-tonifying mushroom. The mushroom has the characteristics of large flower size, tender meat, crisp and smooth cover, faint scent, delicious taste and the like, and is one of ten varieties in the international mushroom trading market. The tricholoma matsutake is rich in nutrition, aromatic in flavor, fragrant in flavor of lip and tooth, comparable with wild tricholoma matsutake, more than seven layers of mouthfeel similarity, elegant in edible fungi, comparable with wild tricholoma matsutake in nutritional ingredients and enjoying the reputation of meat in vegetable. However, the requirement of the tricholoma matsutake on the growth environment is very strict, the tricholoma matsutake can only grow in forests without any pollution, and the germination rate of the tricholoma matsutake is low when the tricholoma matsutake is artificially cultivated, the growth vigor after transplanting is not good, and the yield and the quality of the tricholoma matsutake are seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a high-yield and high-quality cultivation method for tricholoma matsutake.
A high-yield and high-quality cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a matrix: plant materials are selected for stacking and fermentation to prepare a substrate, and the substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55% of sawdust, 15-25% of wheat straw, 10-20% of corn stalk and 10-20% of corncob, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. crushing: crushing and uniformly mixing the wood chips, the wheat straws, the corn stalks and the corncobs;
B. fermentation: adding sterile water into the mixed raw materials, stirring until the water content is 75-85%, stacking, covering and fermenting for 18-21 days by using a plastic film, turning the stacks once every 3-5t, and spraying sterile water during turning to ensure that the water content is 70-75%;
C. heat dissipation: after fermentation is completed, dispersing the accumulated matrix for heat dissipation;
(2) land selection and preparation: selecting a coniferous forest with smooth ventilation, uniform illumination and 40-60% of shading rate, sowing for half a month before, removing weeds on the ground, making furrows with 45-50cm of furrow width and 65-75cm of row width, pouring 1% of tea seed cake water, wherein the tea seed cake water is prepared by mixing tea seed cakes and water according to the weight ratio of 1: decocting at a ratio of 50-80 for 15-60min, cooling, and filtering;
(3) sowing: firstly, paving a first layer of matrix on a furrow, ensuring that the water content of the matrix is 50-60% and the height of the matrix is 8-12cm, then uniformly placing strains on the matrix, paving a second layer of matrix, continuously and uniformly paving a second layer of strains on the matrix, paving a third layer of matrix on the second layer of strains, then covering soil, and covering a layer of straws after finishing covering the soil, wherein the diameter of soil particles adopted during covering the soil is 0.2-1.5cm, the thickness of the soil covering is 3-5cm, and the water content of the soil is 30-50%;
(4) and (3) fruiting management: controlling the temperature at 20-25 deg.C after fruiting, spraying cold water on the surface of the furrow to cool when the temperature is high, covering a film on the furrow when the temperature is low, and watering once every two days with air humidity of 85-90% by using atomized water;
(5) harvesting: harvesting when the mushroom body grows to 5-8cm and the lower end of the mushroom cap is not separated from the mushroom stem, watering after the first mushroom is harvested, and harvesting the second mushroom after 15-20 t.
Compared with the prior art, the high-yield and high-quality cultivation method of the tricholoma matsutake has the beneficial effects that: the red pine mushroom cultivated by the method has short growth period, high yield and good quality, and the tea seed cake water is splashed on the surface of the ridge, so that not only are germs and viruses in the field effectively killed, but also the use of pesticides is reduced, and a good environment is provided for the growth of the red pine mushroom.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure.
It is to be noted that the term "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Example 1
A high-yield and high-quality cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a matrix: plant materials are selected for stacking and fermentation to prepare a substrate, and the substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45% of sawdust, 15% of wheat straw, 20% of corn stalk and 20% of corncob, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. crushing: crushing and uniformly mixing the wood chips, the wheat straws, the corn stalks and the corncobs;
B. fermentation: adding sterile water into the mixed raw materials, stirring until the water content is 75-85%, stacking, covering and fermenting for 18 days by using a plastic film, turning the stacks once every 3t, and spraying sterile water during turning to ensure that the water content is 70-75%;
C. heat dissipation: after fermentation is completed, dispersing the accumulated matrix for heat dissipation;
(2) land selection and preparation: selecting a coniferous forest with smooth ventilation, uniform illumination and 40-60% of shading rate, sowing for half a month before, removing weeds on the ground, making furrows with 45-50cm of furrow width and 65-75cm of row width, pouring 1% of tea seed cake water, wherein the tea seed cake water is prepared by mixing tea seed cakes and water according to the weight ratio of 1: decocting at a ratio of 50 for 15min, cooling, and filtering;
(3) sowing: firstly, paving a first layer of matrix on a furrow, ensuring that the water content of the matrix is 50-60% and the height of the matrix is 8-12cm, then uniformly placing strains on the matrix, paving a second layer of matrix, continuously and uniformly paving a second layer of strains on the matrix, paving a third layer of matrix on the second layer of strains, then covering soil, and covering a layer of straws after finishing covering the soil, wherein the diameter of soil particles adopted during covering the soil is 0.2-1.5cm, the thickness of the soil covering is 3-5cm, and the water content of the soil is 30-50%;
(4) and (3) fruiting management: controlling the temperature at 20-25 deg.C after fruiting, spraying cold water on the surface of the furrow to cool when the temperature is high, covering a film on the furrow when the temperature is low, and watering once every two days with air humidity of 85-90% by using atomized water;
(5) harvesting: harvesting when the mushroom body grows to 5-8cm and the lower end of the mushroom cap is not separated from the mushroom stem, watering after the first mushroom is harvested, and harvesting the second mushroom after 15-20 t.
Example 2
A high-yield and high-quality cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a matrix: plant materials are selected for stacking and fermentation to prepare a substrate, and the substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55% of sawdust, 20% of wheat straw, 15% of corn stalk and 10% of corncob, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. crushing: crushing and uniformly mixing the wood chips, the wheat straws, the corn stalks and the corncobs;
B. fermentation: adding sterile water into the mixed raw materials, stirring until the water content is 75-85%, stacking, covering and fermenting for 21 days by using a plastic film, turning the stacks once every 5t, and spraying sterile water during turning to ensure that the water content is 70-75%;
C. heat dissipation: after fermentation is completed, dispersing the accumulated matrix for heat dissipation;
(2) land selection and preparation: selecting a coniferous forest with smooth ventilation, uniform illumination and 40-60% of shading rate, sowing for half a month before, removing weeds on the ground, making furrows with 45-50cm of furrow width and 65-75cm of row width, pouring 1% of tea seed cake water, wherein the tea seed cake water is prepared by mixing tea seed cakes and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 80 for 60min, cooling and filtering;
(3) sowing: firstly, paving a first layer of matrix on a furrow, ensuring that the water content of the matrix is 50-60% and the height of the matrix is 8-12cm, then uniformly placing strains on the matrix, paving a second layer of matrix, continuously and uniformly paving a second layer of strains on the matrix, paving a third layer of matrix on the second layer of strains, then covering soil, and covering a layer of straws after finishing covering the soil, wherein the diameter of soil particles adopted during covering the soil is 0.2-1.5cm, the thickness of the soil covering is 3-5cm, and the water content of the soil is 30-50%;
(4) and (3) fruiting management: controlling the temperature at 20-25 deg.C after fruiting, spraying cold water on the surface of the furrow to cool when the temperature is high, covering a film on the furrow when the temperature is low, and watering once every two days with air humidity of 85-90% by using atomized water;
(5) harvesting: harvesting when the mushroom body grows to 5-8cm and the lower end of the mushroom cap is not separated from the mushroom stem, watering after the first mushroom is harvested, and harvesting the second mushroom after 15-20 t.
Example 3
A high-yield and high-quality cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a matrix: plant materials are selected for stacking and fermentation to prepare a substrate, and the substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50% of wood chips, 20% of wheat straws, 15% of corn stalks and 15% of corncobs, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. crushing: crushing and uniformly mixing the wood chips, the wheat straws, the corn stalks and the corncobs;
B. fermentation: adding sterile water into the mixed raw materials, stirring until the water content is 75-85%, stacking, covering and fermenting for 20 days by using a plastic film, turning the stacks once every 4t, and spraying sterile water during turning to ensure that the water content is 70-75%;
C. heat dissipation: after fermentation is completed, dispersing the accumulated matrix for heat dissipation;
(2) land selection and preparation: selecting a coniferous forest with smooth ventilation, uniform illumination and 40-60% of shading rate, sowing for half a month before, removing weeds on the ground, making furrows with 45-50cm of furrow width and 65-75cm of row width, pouring 1% of tea seed cake water, wherein the tea seed cake water is prepared by mixing tea seed cakes and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 65 for 30min, cooling and filtering;
(3) sowing: firstly, paving a first layer of matrix on a furrow, ensuring that the water content of the matrix is 50-60% and the height of the matrix is 8-12cm, then uniformly placing strains on the matrix, paving a second layer of matrix, continuously and uniformly paving a second layer of strains on the matrix, paving a third layer of matrix on the second layer of strains, then covering soil, and covering a layer of straws after finishing covering the soil, wherein the diameter of soil particles adopted during covering the soil is 0.2-1.5cm, the thickness of the soil covering is 3-5cm, and the water content of the soil is 30-50%;
(4) and (3) fruiting management: controlling the temperature at 20-25 deg.C after fruiting, spraying cold water on the surface of the furrow to cool when the temperature is high, covering a film on the furrow when the temperature is low, and watering once every two days with air humidity of 85-90% by using atomized water;
(5) harvesting: harvesting when the mushroom body grows to 5-8cm and the lower end of the mushroom cap is not separated from the mushroom stem, watering after the first mushroom is harvested, and harvesting the second mushroom after 15-20 t.
This example is the best one, with the shortest fruiting time and the highest yield.
The scope of the present invention is not limited to the technical solutions disclosed in the embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A high-yield and high-quality cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a matrix: selecting plant materials to carry out stacking and fermentation to prepare a substrate;
(2) land selection and preparation: selecting coniferous forests with smooth ventilation, uniform illumination and 40-60% of shading rate, sowing for half a month before, removing weeds on the ground, making furrows with the furrow width of 45-50cm and the row width of 65-75cm, and pouring 1% of tea seed cake water;
(3) sowing: firstly, paving a first layer of matrix on the furrow, wherein the height of the matrix is 8-12cm, then uniformly placing strains on the matrix, paving a second layer of matrix, continuously and uniformly paving a second layer of strains on the matrix, paving a third layer of matrix on the second layer of strains, covering soil, and then covering a layer of straw after the soil covering is finished;
(4) and (3) fruiting management: controlling the temperature at 20-25 deg.C after fruiting, air humidity at 85-90%, and watering once every two days;
(5) harvesting: harvesting when the mushroom body grows to 5-8cm and the lower end of the mushroom cap is not separated from the mushroom stem, watering after the first mushroom is harvested, and harvesting the second mushroom after 15-20 t.
2. The method for cultivating tricholoma matsutake in high yield and high quality as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55% of wood chips, 15-25% of wheat straws, 10-20% of corn stalks and 10-20% of corncobs.
3. The method for cultivating tricholoma matsutake in high yield and high quality as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the substrate comprises the following steps:
A. crushing: crushing and uniformly mixing the wood chips, the wheat straws, the corn stalks and the corncobs;
B. fermentation: adding sterile water into the mixed raw materials, stirring until the water content is 75-85%, stacking, covering and fermenting for 18-21 days by using a plastic film, turning the stacks once every 3-5t, and spraying sterile water during turning to ensure that the water content is 70-75%;
C. heat dissipation: after fermentation is completed, the accumulated matrix is scattered and radiated.
4. The method for cultivating tricholoma matsutake in high yield and high quality as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the tea seed cake water is prepared by mixing tea seed cake and water in a ratio of 1: decocting at a ratio of 50-80 for 15-60min, cooling, and filtering.
5. The method for cultivating Pinus densiflora Linn with high yield and high quality as claimed in claim 4, wherein the covering soil used for sowing has a particle diameter of 0.2-1.5cm, a thickness of 3-5cm, and a water content of 30-50%.
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| CN202111042742.7A CN113597973A (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | High-yield and high-quality cultivation method for tricholoma matsutake |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115735678A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-03-07 | 湖南邓述东一亩田农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for improving soil by cultivating edible fungi with straws |
| CN115777445A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-03-14 | 湖南邓述东一亩田农业科技发展有限公司 | Simple method for cultivating edible fungi by using pure straws |
| CN117502099A (en) * | 2023-12-20 | 2024-02-06 | 云南农业大学 | Green ecological tricholoma matsutake planting method under rubber forest |
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| CN103314785A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-09-25 | 达州市农业科学研究所 | Method of cultivating stropharia mushrooms by using ramie stalks |
| CN104938196A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-09-30 | 贵州黄平靓鸥桑综合开发有限公司 | Large stropharia rugosannulata same-field continuous planting method |
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| CN110192493A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-09-03 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of northern area Artificial Larix hayashishita stropharia rugoso-annulata plantation method and its application |
| CN113099946A (en) * | 2021-03-06 | 2021-07-13 | 福贡九源农业发展有限责任公司 | Cultivation method of tricholoma matsutake |
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2021
- 2021-09-07 CN CN202111042742.7A patent/CN113597973A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103314785A (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2013-09-25 | 达州市农业科学研究所 | Method of cultivating stropharia mushrooms by using ramie stalks |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115735678A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-03-07 | 湖南邓述东一亩田农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for improving soil by cultivating edible fungi with straws |
| CN115777445A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-03-14 | 湖南邓述东一亩田农业科技发展有限公司 | Simple method for cultivating edible fungi by using pure straws |
| CN117502099A (en) * | 2023-12-20 | 2024-02-06 | 云南农业大学 | Green ecological tricholoma matsutake planting method under rubber forest |
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Application publication date: 20211105 |