CN113582147B - 一种超细球形硝酸肼镍的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- LNAWIXGXVIGLOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine nickel(2+) dinitrate Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].NN.[Ni+2].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] LNAWIXGXVIGLOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NBFQLHGCEMEQFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N.[Ni] Chemical compound N.[Ni] NBFQLHGCEMEQFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims 5
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
- C01B21/082—Compounds containing nitrogen and non-metals and optionally metals
- C01B21/16—Hydrazine; Salts thereof
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- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超细球形硝酸肼镍的方法,属于化学合成材料技术领域,该方法将氨水引入到硝酸肼镍的合成中,通过在一定温度反应初始的底液中加入氨水后,将配置好的硝酸镍溶液和水合肼溶液在规定的时间内按照一定的速度进行双管滴加进料,在一定的反应温度下进行充分的反应,加料完毕后继续保温反应,最后进行冷却抽滤烘干即可得到超细球形硝酸肼镍。本发明提出的制备方法不仅能够得到超细的硝酸肼镍,其直径为5μm左右,同时制备出的硝酸肼镍由传统方法的聚晶状态转变为单晶颗粒的球形状态。本发明的制备工艺简单易于控制,得到的产品性能同传统工艺得到的聚晶硝酸肼镍在一定方面得到很大的改善。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种超细球形硝酸肼镍的制备方法,属于化学合成技术材料领域。
背景技术
硝酸肼镍是一种配合物起爆药,其具有良好的相容性、真空安定性,撞击感度要优于叠氮化铅和斯蒂芬酸铅,火焰感度相当于斯蒂芬酸铅,并且制备工艺简单,母液能够循环利用,废水污染少,已经在军事和民用上得到了广泛的应用。不仅可以进行雷管装药和用作点火头药剂,而且也是一种良好的镍催化剂。
相比较于叠氮化铅起爆药,硝酸肼镍一是存在着摩擦感度较高的问题,这些问题可能跟晶体呈聚晶状态有很大关系,因为聚晶状态下的普通硝酸肼镍还是类球形的硝酸肼镍,晶体颗粒表面粗糙不光滑,晶体表面缺陷比较多,这会导致晶体受到摩擦等刺激时,更容易积累热量,此外硝酸肼镍相极限药量比较大,威力较小,作为雷管装药时,所需的药量较大。
针对硝酸肼镍存在的问题,一是可以通过球形化的方法,通过对硝酸肼镍进行球形化,形成表面光滑的球形颗粒,可以降低摩擦感度,但目前报道的关于硝酸肼镍球形化的文献来看,通过引入超声波来结晶得到的晶体颗粒虽然晶体比较均一,但球形化程度不高,晶体表面依旧比较粗糙。除此之外了,还可以通过细化的方式对存在的问题进行改善,实验已经证明,超细的火工药剂具有燃烧速率提高、输出性能高、感度发生变化、爆轰机理转变、爆轰波传播更快等特点,在爆炸逻辑网络、推进剂以及激光起爆等领域都有重要应用,目前为止,还没有对硝酸肼镍进行过这方面的研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种超细的球形硝酸肼镍制备方法。
本发明实现的技术解决方案为:
一种超细球形硝酸肼镍制备工艺,
具体步骤为:将配置好的一定浓度底液加入化合器中升温到反应要求的温度时,在搅拌状态下加入硝酸镍和水合肼溶液,然后经过保温、冷却、出料、洗涤、脱水、干燥,最后可得球状的超细硝酸肼镍。
进一步的,一定浓度的底液为3.2%~6.2%的氨水溶液,底液升温速率要快,减少氨水的挥发。
进一步的,将底液温度升至40℃~50℃时,将硝酸镍溶液和水合肼溶液采用双管滴加的方式进行进料,硝酸镍先进料1min~2min后,两种溶液同时进料。
进一步的,整个反应过程的温度应该控制40℃~50℃且硝酸镍溶液和水合肼溶液的进料时间应该控制在30min~35min,且硝酸镍溶液先进料完毕为宜。
进一步的,硝酸镍溶液的配置方法为将硝酸镍的固体溶入到溶剂中,配置成浓度为4%~7%(质量)的水溶液。
进一步的,水合肼溶液的配置方法为将水合肼的液体溶入到去离子水中,配置成浓度为3%~6%(质量)的水溶液。
进一步的,加料完毕后,继续保温反应时间为20min左右。
本发明的制备方法同现有的硝酸肼镍合成方法相比,具有显著优点如下:
1、本发明中利用了氨水作为络合剂的特点,通过先与硝酸镍形成镍氨络合物,使得析晶的整个过程速度减缓,从而得到了单晶状态球形超细硝酸肼镍,直径为5μm;2、制备的超细球形硝酸肼镍摩擦感度和静电感度得到了很大的改善,工艺简单易于控制。
附图说明
图1是本发明的超细球形硝酸肼镍的制备方法流程示意图。
图2是现有硝酸肼镍制备方法得到的聚晶状态的硝酸肼镍晶体。
图3是本发明所制备的超细球形硝酸肼镍晶体图。
具体实施方式
下面通过结合附图1和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
(1)量取4ml的25%-28%含量的氨水加入到100ml去离子水中,搅拌均匀后注入化合器中。
(2)称取4g的六水合硝酸镍溶于60ml的去离子水中配成6.25%硝酸镍溶液;量取浓度为85%的水合肼4ml溶于60ml去离子水中配成5.2%水合肼溶液。
(3)采用两台蠕动泵分别标定好硝酸镍溶液和水合肼溶液的进料速度。硝酸镍:2ml/min,水合肼:1.8ml/min。
(4)打开水浴加热装置和搅拌器,将底液快速升温至40℃后开始进料,硝酸镍先进料1min后两者同时进料。
(5)水浴加热使得整个反应过程温度控制在40℃-50℃,加料完毕后继续保温反应20min,然后冷却、抽滤水洗、烘干,即可得到超细球形硝酸肼镍。
实施例2
(1)量取4ml的25%-28%含量的氨水加入到100ml去离子水中,搅拌均匀后注入化合器中。
(2)称取4g的六水合硝酸镍溶于100ml的去离子水中配成3.85%硝酸镍溶液;量取浓度为80%的水合肼6ml溶100ml去离子水中配成4.4%水合肼溶液。
(3)采用两台蠕动泵分别标定好硝酸镍溶液和水合肼溶液的进料速度。硝酸镍:3.3ml/min,水合肼:3.3ml/min。
(4)打开水浴加热装置和搅拌器,将底液快速升温至40℃后开始进料,硝酸镍先进料2min后两者同时进料。
(5)水浴加热使得整个反应过程温度控制在40℃-50℃,加料完毕后继续保温反应20min,然后冷却、抽滤水洗、烘干,即可得到超细球形硝酸肼镍。
测试
本发明的制备方法不仅能够得到直径为5μm左右的超细硝酸肼镍,而且晶体形貌呈球形状。此外所得到的晶体由常规方法得到的聚晶态转变为单晶态,很好的改善了药剂摩擦感度较高问题,增大了比表面积,改善燃烧快速性,可用于含能材料燃速调节、点火药以及冷焰烟火装药等。
测试结果如下:
(1)碳膜桥点火头测试:选取9.5Ω-10.5Ω的碳膜桥共40发,分别拿超细的球形硝酸肼镍和普通的聚晶硝酸肼镍各蘸20发点火头,在9V-68μF的点火条件进行点火,超细球形硝酸肼镍做点火头药剂时全发火,常规硝酸肼镍做为点火头药剂时,只有一半处于发火。
(2)激光感度测试:分别选取超细球形硝酸肼镍和常规硝酸肼镍作为激光点火药剂,在1.06um波长的激光下,常规硝酸肼镍在同等条件下30发样品中将近一半不能发火,且发火的样品要经过多次激光点火才能点燃;超细球形硝酸肼镍基本都可以通过一次激光点火进行发火。
Claims (4)
1.一种超细球形硝酸肼镍的制备方法,其特征在于,将硝酸镍溶液和水合肼溶液分别滴入含有氨水且保持一定温度的底液中,然后经过保温、冷却、出料、洗涤、脱水、干燥;在合成的过程中,底液加入了氨水,通过氨水先与硝酸镍反应生成镍氨络合物,然后在强碱水合肼的作用下,将镍离子解离出来并与水合肼反应得到单晶颗粒的超细球形硝酸肼镍;
所述底液为重量百分比为3.2%~6.2%的氨水溶液;所述底液温度为40℃~50℃;
所述硝酸镍溶液和水合肼溶液采取硝酸镍先进料1min~2min,然后同时进料的方式滴入。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硝酸肼镍制备方法,其特征在于,所述硝酸镍溶液和水合肼溶液的加料时间为30min~35min,而且硝酸镍溶液先进料完毕。
3.根据权利要求1所述的硝酸肼镍制备方法,其特征在于,硝酸镍溶液的质量浓度为4%~7%,水合肼溶液的质量浓度为3%~6%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的硝酸肼镍制备方法,其特征在于,加料完毕后,继续保持反应20 min,保证反应的充分进行。
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Michael Cartwrigt et al..Investigation of Preparation, Solubility and StabilityProperties of Nickel Hydrazine Nitrate (NiHN).《Propellants,Explosives,Pyrotechnics》.2018,第43卷(第12期),1270-1276. * |
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