CN113575622B - Preparation and application methods of banana peel-derived mite repellent - Google Patents
Preparation and application methods of banana peel-derived mite repellent Download PDFInfo
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- CN113575622B CN113575622B CN202110995657.6A CN202110995657A CN113575622B CN 113575622 B CN113575622 B CN 113575622B CN 202110995657 A CN202110995657 A CN 202110995657A CN 113575622 B CN113575622 B CN 113575622B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and an application method of a banana peel-derived mite repellent, which are characterized in that banana peel is extracted from banana peel by an ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction method, and 1 part by weight of banana peel, 1.5 parts by weight of organic silicon, 0.3 part by weight of glycerol and 30 parts by weight of sterile water are fully and uniformly mixed to prepare the adult mite repellent. The banana peel extract is innovatively used for expelling mites, so that the product is environment-friendly and non-toxic. Provides a new way for recycling banana peel and provides a novel insect-expelling preparation for green agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of development of plant active ingredients and agricultural application, and particularly relates to a preparation method and an application method of a banana peel-derived mite repellent.
Background
The banana is one of four fruits in the world, has high nutritive value and high yield, is the fruit with the largest trade quantity in the world, and is also the fruit with the largest consumption quantity in the world. The annual output of Chinese bananas is about 950 ten thousand tons, and the planting history is long. Some banana main producing countries usually establish deep processing enterprises in producing areas to produce banana foods, so that loss caused by storage and transportation loss after picking is reduced, but the byproduct banana peel is discarded as waste, resources are wasted, the environment is polluted, and sustainable development is not facilitated.
The banana peel accounts for about 35% of the whole fruit, contains a large amount of nutrients such as protein, flavonoids, phenols, organic acids, pectin, dietary fibers, trace elements and the like, and has the effects of bacteriostasis, skin aging resistance, chapping, pruritus, desquamation and the like. However, the effect of the banana peel extract on repelling insects, particularly mites, is not reported. Therefore, the banana peel waste is developed into a biological preparation capable of being applied to expelling mites, so that the environment pollution is reduced, the resource recycling is realized, and an environment-friendly deinsectization way is provided for green agriculture and organic agriculture production.
The invention discloses a method for extracting banana peel essence from banana peel (patent application number: 201711233084.3), which does not relate to the application and effect of the extracted banana peel essence.
The invention patent "a method for using banana peel extract as protein textile material antibacterial dye" (patent application No. 201510486999.X) discloses a method for preparing banana peel pigment powder by using banana peel and using the banana peel pigment powder as protein textile material antibacterial dye, and the efficacy of the method is limited to bacteriostasis and antibiosis and does not relate to the effect of resisting insects and removing mites.
The invention discloses a mouthwash prepared by using banana peel and a preparation method thereof (patent application number: 201710530201.6), and discloses a method for preparing the mouthwash by using banana peel extract and other substances, wherein the banana peel extract has the effects of sterilizing, diminishing inflammation and resisting allergy, and does not relate to the effects of resisting insects and mites.
The invention discloses a preparation method of a skin-care type disinfection and sterilization hand sanitizer (patent application number: 201611167647.9), and discloses a method for preparing a hand sanitizer by fermenting banana peels and lemon peels to prepare ferment, wherein the banana peels have the effects of bacteriostasis and inflammation diminishing, and the effects of resisting insects and removing mites are not involved.
The invention discloses a botanical fungicide and a preparation method thereof (patent application number: 201310555257.9), discloses a fungicide containing banana peel extract components and a preparation method thereof, and the application range of the fungicide is sterilization and antibiosis and does not relate to the efficacy of resisting insects and removing mites.
The banana pithelin extracted from the banana peel has the beneficial effects of expelling insects and killing mites, is an application innovation of the banana peel extract, and provides a new pest control way for agricultural production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a preparation and application method of a banana peel-derived mite insect repellent, and is characterized in that banana peel belongs to food processing waste, the obtaining cost is low, the extraction process is simple, the obtained preparation has biological activity and good mite repellence, the problem of comprehensive utilization of banana processing waste resources is effectively solved, and a new biocontrol insect repellent way is developed.
The specific technical scheme comprises the following steps:
1) grinding and crushing the dried banana peel, and filtering;
2) weighing 1-2 kg of banana peel powder, adding 4-8 kg of absolute ethyl alcohol, supplementing sterile water to the total weight of 10kg, and fully and uniformly mixing;
3) carrying out ultrasonic extraction on the mixture, wherein the frequency is 15-20 kHz, the power is 300-450W, the extraction temperature is 55-85 ℃, and the extraction time is 20-60 min;
4) after suction filtration, obtaining a first filtrate and first filter residue;
5) adding the ethanol solution into the first filter residue again, and performing ultrasonic extraction once to obtain a second filtrate;
6) mixing the first and second filtrates, and concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain banana peel substance;
7) taking 1 part of banana peel, 0.3 part of glycerin, 1.5 parts of organic silicon and 30 parts of water, fully and uniformly mixing, and subpackaging the solution to obtain the finished product of the insect repellent.
The water content of the dried banana peel in the step 1) is within the range of 1-5%, and the number of sieved sieve meshes is 10-20.
Further, in the step 6), the concentration is carried out under reduced pressure, the temperature is controlled to be 50-75 ℃, the concentration amount is 30-50L/h, and the concentration time is 5-15 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the extraction method combining the alcohol extraction method and the ultrasonic extraction is adopted, and the extraction is repeated for two times, so that the extraction efficiency is improved, and the yield is increased;
2) the vacuum concentration furthest reserves the active ingredients of the extract and ensures the effectiveness of expelling insects;
3) the banana peel extract is innovatively applied to mite control, and belongs to the development of new application of banana peel and new way for mite control;
4) the plant source preparation has no pollution and residue to the environment, and has strong specificity and good effect on expelling mites.
The effective components of the banana peel substance extracted in the invention comprise flavonoids, phenols and organic acid substances, and the water-soluble mite repellent is prepared by taking the banana peel substance as a main effective component and adding organic silicon, glycerol and sterile water to mix.
The invention has the function of inhibiting microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and the like, and has good expelling effect on mites such as red spider mites, pink mites, rust mites, gall mites and the like after being diluted to a certain concentration.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples, which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a preparation method and an application method of a banana peel-derived mite repellent, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the dried banana peel, and sieving the crushed banana peel with a 20-mesh sieve;
2) weighing 1.2kg of banana peel powder into a clean container, adding 6kg of absolute ethyl alcohol, supplementing 2.8kg of sterile water, and uniformly stirring;
3) placing the mixture in an ultrasonic device with power of 320W, extracting at 60 deg.C for 40min at 20kHz frequency, and vacuum filtering;
4) adding the same amount of absolute ethyl alcohol and sterile water into the filter residue again, and repeating the operation of the step 3);
5) mixing the two filtrates, placing in a 50L/h reduced pressure evaporator, and evaporating at 65 deg.C for 8min to obtain banana skin substance;
6) and (3) fully and uniformly mixing 1 part of banana skin element, 0.3 part of glycerin, 1.5 parts of organic silicon and 30 parts of sterile water, and subpackaging to obtain the mite repellent.
Example 2
The invention provides a preparation method and an application method of a banana peel-derived mite repellent, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the dried banana peel, and sieving the crushed banana peel with a 16-mesh sieve;
2) weighing 1.35kg of banana peel powder into a clean container, adding 6kg of absolute ethyl alcohol, supplementing 2.65kg of sterile water, and uniformly stirring;
3) placing the mixture in an ultrasonic device with power of 320W, extracting at 55 deg.C for 50min at 20kHz frequency, and vacuum filtering;
4) adding the same amount of absolute ethyl alcohol and sterile water into the filter residue again, and repeating the operation of the step 3);
5) mixing the two filtrates, placing in a 50L/h reduced pressure evaporator, and evaporating at 65 deg.C for 12min to obtain banana skin substance;
6) and (3) fully and uniformly mixing 1 part of banana skin element, 0.3 part of glycerin, 1.5 parts of organic silicon and 30 parts of sterile water, and subpackaging to obtain the mite repellent.
Test 1
In 6-month middle ten days of 2021, the mite repellent spraying test was performed on the dyed fruit trees in the apple experimental field in the Lai mountain area of the Shandong tobacco terrace. Two adjacent insect-infected fruit trees in 5 directions in east, west, south and north of a test field are selected to carry out a spraying test, one of the two adjacent fruit trees in the 5 directions is selected to be a group in the example 1, and the other one in the 5 directions is selected to be a control group. Example 1 the group was sprayed with 2000-fold diluted mite repellent prepared in reference example 1, and the control group was sprayed with the same amount of sterile water at a rate of 250 kg/acre. And observing and counting before spraying and 5 th day after spraying respectively, observing and counting the number of live mites on 10 different layers of leaves of each plant in a way of holding a magnifier by hands, and calculating the pesticide effect.
The calculation formula of the drug effect is as follows: the oral cavity decline rate is 100% × (number of living insects before drug-number of living insects after drug)/number of living insects before drug, and the statistical data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 apple mite pest leaf spray test data
Analysis and statistics data show that after the product of the example 1 is sprayed on the group of the example 1, the reduction rate of the population of the apple leaves suffering from mite insect damage reaches 75.92%, and the control group does not play a role in preventing and controlling mites after being sprayed with sterile water, which indicates that the mite insect damage on the leaf surfaces of fruit trees can be effectively prevented and controlled by the application of the apple leaf mite insect control agent.
Test 2
In late 6 months in 2021, selecting a grape plantation in the Yantai Paolai area of Shandong, performing a mite control spraying test, and spraying and grouping: 6 adjacent grape plants in 5 directions in east, west, south and north of each test area are selected, 3 grape plants are randomly selected in each direction and are organized into an example 2 group, and the rest 3 grape plants are organized into a control group (sterile water) to carry out spraying tests. Wherein each plant selects 3 fruiting shoots, and each fruiting shoot selects 3 leaves for counting. The mite repellent is diluted 3000 times and applied, and the dosage is 300 kg/mu. Before and after spraying for 5 days, the total number of live mites is counted by adopting a hand-held magnifying glass observation method, and the prevention and treatment effect is represented by the insect population decline rate. The data statistics are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 grape mite insect leaf spraying test data
Analysis and statistics data show that after the product of the example 2 is sprayed on the example 2, the population reduction rate of the grape leaves suffering from mite insect damage reaches 75.3%, and the control group does not play a role in effectively preventing and controlling mites after being sprayed with sterile water, which indicates that the mite insect damage prevention and control agent can effectively prevent and control mite insect damage on fruit tree leaf surfaces.
The previous description of the disclosed examples is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these examples will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The mite repellent derived from banana peel is characterized by comprising the following process steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pulverizing dried banana peel, and sieving;
step two: weighing 1-2 kg of banana peel powder, adding 4-8 kg of absolute ethyl alcohol, supplementing sterile water to the total weight of 10kg, and fully and uniformly mixing;
step three: carrying out ultrasonic extraction on the mixed solution, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 15-20 kHz, the power is 300-450W, the extraction temperature is 55-85 ℃, and the extraction time is 20-60 min;
step four: after filtering, adding the ethanol solution into the filter residue again, and carrying out ultrasonic extraction once;
step five: mixing filtrates, and vacuum concentrating to obtain banana peel substance;
step six: and (3) fully and uniformly mixing 1 part of banana skin substance, 1.5 parts of organic silicon, 0.3 part of glycerol and 30 parts of sterile water, and subpackaging to obtain the mite repellent product.
2. The mite repellent derived from banana peel according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the moisture content of the dried banana peel is within 1-5%, and the sieve mesh of the dried banana peel is 10-20 meshes.
3. The mite repellent derived from banana peel according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, 1.11-1.43 kg of banana peel powder and 6-8 kg of ethanol are added in the solution.
4. The mite repellent derived from banana peel according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of ultrasonic extraction in the third step is 20kHz, the power is 350-450W, the extraction temperature is 65-85 ℃, and the extraction time is 30-60 min.
5. The banana peel-derived mite repellent according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the vacuum concentration temperature is 50-75 ℃, the concentration amount is 30-50L/h, and the concentration time is 30-120 min.
6. Use of a banana peel-derived mite repellent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 for controlling red spider mites, pink mites, rust mites, gall mites.
7. The use according to claim 6 for the control of spider mites, pink mites, rust mites, gall mites on apple, grape, citrus, pear, peach, lychee, hawthorn, peanut, cotton, cucumber, tomato crops.
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