CN113567320B - Method and device for measuring internal drainage capacity of permeable pavement structure based on section flow - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring internal drainage capacity of permeable pavement structure based on section flow Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a method and a device for measuring drainage capacity in a pavement structure based on section flow, wherein the method comprises the following steps of determining a test position and cleaning the surface of the test position; determining a composite drainage grade of the test position; simulating rainfall by adopting a spray boom and recording data; calculating the drainage flow rate of the inner section of the structure according to the recorded data; correcting the drainage flow rate of the inner section of the structure to the flow rate of a specific gradient according to the drainage flow rate of the inner section of the structure and the composite drainage gradient; the method can calculate the water permeability in the road surface structure, the test result is not influenced by surface gap communication, the water drainage capacity of the water permeable road surface is tested by adopting a mode of simulating rainfall in the vertical water drainage slope direction, the test result directly reflects the rainfall drainage capacity of the water permeable road surface structural layer, and the method can also be used as the basis for estimating the relation between the rainfall and the ponding thickness of the water permeable road surface and locating and checking the unfavorable position of ponding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road engineering, in particular to a method and a device for measuring drainage capacity in a pavement structure based on section flow.
Background
The technology of permeable pavement (also called drainage pavement) is introduced into China in the beginning of the century, and is firstly applied on a large scale in Shanghai and Hangzhou. In recent years, along with popularization of national sponge city construction concepts, the permeable pavement is greatly accelerated in expressways and urban expressways. Because of the special macroporous structure, the permeable pavement has strong internal drainage capacity, and under the working condition of rainfall, the phenomenon of water accumulation on the pavement is greatly reduced, the traffic safety and the road traffic capacity are obviously improved, and the permeable pavement has wide application prospect in the rainy areas in the south.
On the other hand, the structural design of the permeable pavement is not related to the design index related to the rainfall condition and the internal drainage capacity of the permeable pavement. At present, the calculation of the drainage capacity in the structure of the permeable pavement is based on a water seepage theoretical calculation formula for soil, which is established by French engineer Hunting Li Darcy: q=k·i·a, where q is the flow rate through the cross section per unit time in cm 3/s; k is the water seepage coefficient, and the unit is cm/s; i is the head gradient; a is the cross-sectional area in cm 2. In this formula, it is first necessary to determine the water penetration system K. In the prior art, two methods for measuring the water seepage coefficient K are adopted, one is a constant water head test (generally used for a strong water seepage material, the water seepage coefficient is more than 10 < -2 > cm/s), and the other is a variable water head test (generally used for a weak water seepage test, the water seepage coefficient is less than 10 < -3 > cm/s).
In the structural design of the permeable pavement in China, the water permeability coefficient index in the material design index adopts a T0730 test method in the traffic department industry standard JTG E20 (highway engineering asphalt and asphalt mixture test procedure), which is a variable water head water permeability method, and the method has better distinction degree on the water permeability of different materials in the range. However, in practical application, the maximum measuring range of the method is found to be 1000mL/15s, and the water seepage coefficient of the permeable pavement is not less than 800mL/15s specified in the standard CJJ/T190-2012 (permeable asphalt pavement technical specification) of the living building.
In the middle ring-Pudong airport elevated road engineering in the Shanghai, engineering units modify the water seepage test equipment of T0730, and the upper container measuring cup and the sewer pipe are thickened greatly. Practice proves that the water seepage coefficient range after the method is transformed can reach 3000mL/15s, and the possible condition of the water permeable pavement is basically covered.
However, the modified T0730 is still an empirical method, and the association of the actual drainage capacity of the road surface is not established, and cannot be used as a basis for the design of the drainage capacity in the structure.
The industry recommended standard of the department of transportation of the 2020 edition, namely the design and construction technical Specification of drainage asphalt pavement, simultaneously provides an electronic variable water head water seepage instrument test method for field test and a constant water head water seepage coefficient instrument for testing the water seepage coefficient of a test piece in a laboratory. The constant head method is suitable for testing the drainage pavement or can not be used for testing the pavement water seepage coefficient on site. The working condition of the constant water head is quite different from the actual mode of rainfall infiltration, the rainfall can only form a very small water head, and the infiltrated water is discharged along the direction perpendicular to the infiltration direction.
In summary, in the prior art, the test on the drainage capacity of the road surface is mainly to compare the water permeability of different materials, but the actual drainage capacity of the road surface cannot be tested, and based on the existing measurement method, the maximum rainfall which the road surface can bear under the condition of no water accumulation cannot be calculated, so that when the water permeable road surface is designed, the design index associated with the rainfall condition cannot be effectively set, and whether the road surface can meet the design requirement of the corresponding rainfall condition cannot be verified.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for measuring the drainage capacity in a pavement structure based on the principle of section flow.
Furthermore, the invention also provides a device for measuring the drainage capacity in the pavement structure based on the principle of the section flow.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method for measuring the drainage capacity in the pavement structure based on the section flow comprises the following steps,
Determining a test position and cleaning the surface of the test position;
determining a composite drainage grade of the test position;
simulating rainfall by adopting a spray boom and recording data;
calculating the drainage flow rate of the inner section of the structure according to the recorded data;
and correcting the drainage flow velocity of the inner section of the structure to the flow velocity of the specific gradient according to the drainage flow velocity of the inner section of the structure and the composite drainage gradient.
Further, the method comprises the steps of simulating rainfall by using a spray boom and recording data, namely, forming uniform water flow at the top of a test position in a direction perpendicular to the gradient direction of the test position, adjusting the water flow to enable the pavement drainage condition to be maintained in a critical state that the surface overflows just at the beginning but the overflow area is not enlarged, recording the initial flow rate and the initial accumulated flow rate, and recording the duration time, the termination real-time flow rate and the termination accumulated flow rate after a certain time is maintained.
Further, the flow rate of the drainage of the section in the structure is calculated according to the recorded data, specifically, the flow rate of the drainage of the section in the structure is calculated according to the initial flow rate, the initial accumulated flow, the duration, the end real-time flow rate and the end accumulated flow.
Further, the determining the composite drainage gradient of the test position is specifically that the test position is an outdoor drainage road surface, the drainage transverse gradient i t and the longitudinal gradient i l of the drainage road surface are measured, the magnitude of the composite drainage gradient i c is calculated by adopting a formula (1), and the included angle theta between the drainage direction and the driving direction is calculated according to a formula (2):
Further, the test position is an indoor test model, and the drainage transverse gradient of the indoor test model is set by adopting the following method, wherein the specific method is as follows:
preparing a test plate type test piece;
Preparing a gradient-adjustable bracket;
And placing the test plate type test piece on the bracket, and adjusting the gradient of the test plate type test piece to a target gradient, wherein the target gradient is the composite drainage gradient of the test model.
Further, according to the initial flow rate, the initial accumulated flow, the duration, the final real-time flow rate and the final accumulated flow, the drainage flow rate of the section in the structure is calculated according to the following specific calculation formula,
Wherein V d is the drainage flow of the inner section of the structure, the unit is L/(min.m), L r is the length of the simulated rainfall spray rod, t is the duration, the unit is min, Q 0 is the initial accumulated flow, and Q t is the final accumulated flow.
Further, according to the drainage flow rate of the inner section of the structure and the composite drainage gradient, the drainage flow rate of the inner section of the structure is corrected to the flow rate of the gradient of the specific gradient i 0, the concrete calculation formula is as follows,
Where V m is the flow rate corrected to a specific grade i 0, V d is the structural internal section drainage flow, i c is the composite drainage grade, and i 0 is the specific grade.
Further, the method comprises verifying the recorded data before calculating the drainage flow rate of the section in the structure according to the initial flow rate, the initial accumulated flow, the duration, the termination real-time flow rate and the termination accumulated flow rate, and calculatingWhether or not the value of (2) is atAnd if so, the test is successful, the drainage flow rate of the section in the structure is calculated according to the initial flow rate, the initial accumulated flow, the duration, the termination real-time flow rate and the termination accumulated flow, and if not, the test is repeated.
The application further provides a device for measuring the drainage capacity in the pavement structure based on the section flow, which is used for the method and comprises a water pump, a flowmeter and a T-shaped spray rod; the T-shaped spray rod comprises a left spray rod, a right spray rod and a handheld water pipe which are connected into a T shape; drain holes are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the left spray boom and the right spray boom so as to form stable linear flow at the top of a drain road surface; the water pump water outlet is connected with a handheld water pipe of the T-shaped spray boom, and the flowmeter is arranged between the water pump water outlet and the handheld water pipe.
Further, a flow regulating valve is arranged on the handheld water pipe.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. Like elements or portions are generally identified by like reference numerals throughout the several figures. In the drawings, elements or portions thereof are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a T-shaped spray boom according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water outlet hole of a T-shaped spray rod structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a fixed and extended spray boom according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a water outlet hole of a fixed and extended boom structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
The T-shaped spray rod 1, a left spray rod 11, a right spray rod 12, a handheld water pipe 13, a flow regulating valve 14, a tee joint 15, a drain hole 16 and an intermediate structure 17.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and thus are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
It is noted that unless otherwise indicated, technical or scientific terms used herein should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Example 1
The application relates to a method for measuring drainage capacity in a pavement structure based on a section flow principle, which is based on the following basic assumption:
(1) The rainfall is evenly distributed and falls on the road surface to flow along the direction of the comprehensive gradient.
(2) The sum of the surface flow and the section flow is equal to the rainfall multiplied by the catchment area.
(3) There is no water flow on the surface of the road before the water inside the drainage road is not saturated. When the water quantity penetrating into the pavement reaches the maximum drainage capacity, the section flow when water is saturated and just begins to overflow to the surface is the section drainage capacity of the drainage pavement structure.
(4) The section drainage capacity is determined by the comprehensive gradient and the internal gap structure of the drainage pavement, and is not influenced by rainfall.
Based on the basic assumption, the method for measuring the drainage capacity in the pavement structure based on the section flow principle provided by the application comprises the following steps of:
S1, determining a test position and cleaning the surface of the test position.
The test position can be an outdoor permeable pavement or an indoor test model which is used for simulating a permeable pavement with gradient.
The method can be used for indoor test and outdoor test; the method can be used for evaluating the drainage capacity of the permeable pavement and evaluating the unfavorable and unsmooth drainage conditions. For evaluating the drainage capacity of the permeable pavement, the position with a reasonable drainage slope can be selected. If the aim is to evaluate bad drainage and bad drainage, the method can be used for measuring the normal position and the bad position at the same time.
The test location should satisfy the following conditions:
(1) The test location should have a reasonable drain slope, the drain slope being greater than or equal to one thousandth.
(2) The center point of the test location should be at the track band location of the lane.
(3) If the test is to evaluate the bad and unsmooth drainage, the normal drainage position and the bad drainage position should be selected to be measured at the same time, i.e. the test position comprises the normal drainage position and the bad drainage position.
(4) When in outdoor test, the test should be carried out on sunny days, the road surface at the test position should be dried, and the test cannot be carried out in the freezing period.
After the test position is determined, the surface of the test position is cleaned, blown or washed before the test, so that the surface is clean and is not blocked by dirt.
S2, determining the composite drainage gradient of the test position.
If the test position is an outdoor drainage pavement, measuring and calculating the drainage gradient of the test position; and if the test position is an indoor test model, setting the drainage gradient of the test position.
When outdoor test (on-site test) is performed, the test position is an outdoor drainage road surface, and the drainage gradient of the drainage road surface needs to be measured and calculated, and the measuring and calculating method is specifically as follows:
The drainage gradient is measured by adopting an engineering gradient ruler or an electronic level ruler (measuring precision +/-1 DEG), the drainage transverse gradient i t and the drainage longitudinal gradient i l are measured along two directions parallel and perpendicular to the marked line, the magnitude of the composite drainage gradient i c is calculated by adopting a formula (1), and the included angle theta between the drainage direction and the driving direction is calculated according to a formula (2).
Wherein i t is a drainage horizontal gradient, i l is a drainage longitudinal gradient, and i l is a composite drainage gradient; θ is the included angle between the drainage direction and the driving direction.
When an indoor test is carried out, the test position is an indoor test model, and the drainage transverse gradient of the indoor test model is required to be set, and the specific method is as follows:
S21, preparing a test plate type test piece. Before the indoor test, a rutting plate test piece can be used for molding, the molding method can refer to a T0703 wheel milling method asphalt mixture test piece manufacturing method in the test procedure of asphalt and asphalt mixtures for highway engineering (JTG E20-2011) to manufacture a 300mm multiplied by 300mm test piece, and the thickness is the same as the design thickness of the permeable asphalt pavement. The difference from the standard manufacturing method is that the waterproof bonding layer is prepared at the bottom by adopting design requirements before forming the mixture.
S22, preparing a gradient-adjustable bracket. Specifically, a bracket capable of steplessly adjusting the gradient of an inclined plane is prepared, the bracket can support 30kg of a plate-type test piece, the bracket is composed of two planes, the two planes are linked together through a rotatable hinge, the other side of the hinge is provided with a lifting mechanism capable of adjusting the opening and closing angle of the two planes, the bracket can adjust the inclined plane within 0-2%, the gradient is tested in the direction perpendicular to the hinge during adjustment, and the lifting mechanism can be locked after the target gradient is reached.
S23, placing the test plate type test piece on the bracket, and adjusting the gradient of the test plate type test piece to the target gradient. After the test plate type test piece is manufactured, the baffle plate on one side is removed, the test plate type test piece is mounted on the gradient support together with the die, and one side of the removed baffle plate is abutted against the hinge. And a gradient ruler is arranged on the inclined plane in the direction perpendicular to the hinge, and the lifting mechanism is adjusted until the target gradient is reached. The side of the test panel type test piece from which the baffle is removed is positioned at a lower position, and water will ooze out of the side during testing.
S3, simulating rainfall by using a spray rod and recording data.
Setting a raining-simulating spray boom at the top of the test position, so that the raining-simulating spray boom forms uniform water flow at the top of the test position in a direction perpendicular to the gradient direction of the test position, gradually adjusting the water flow until part of the water overflows the surface of the pavement and flows along the water drainage slope direction, and slightly reducing the water flow to maintain the water drainage condition of the pavement in a critical state that the surface overflows just but the overflow area is not enlarged, namely, a state that the water inside the water drainage pavement is just saturated; after a period of time of continuous stabilization, the initial flow velocity v 0 and the initial accumulated flow Q 0 of the flow meter are recorded, and after a period of time t, the end real-time flow velocity v t and the end accumulated flow Q t are recorded.
When the water flow is gradually increased and part of the water overflows the surface of the pavement to flow, the direction of the water flow on the surface of the pavement is also required to be observed, if the direction of the water flow is inconsistent with the direction of the composite drainage slope calculated in the step S2, the test is paused, and the composite comprehensive drainage slope is returned to the step S2; and if the water flow direction is basically consistent with the composite drainage gradient direction calculated in the step S2, gradually reducing the flow and recording.
S4, verifying the data recorded in the step S3.
Before the calculation of the drainage rate of the inner section of the structure is carried out, the method further comprises the step of verifying the recorded data, specifically: calculation ofWhether or not the value of (2) is atAnd if the water drainage rate is within the range, the test is successful, the step S5 is executed, the drainage rate of the section in the structure is calculated, and if the water drainage rate is not within the range, the test is repeated.
S5, calculating the drainage flow velocity of the inner section of the structure according to the data recorded in the step S3.
And (3) calculating the drainage flow rate of the inner section of the structure according to the following formula (3).
Wherein V d is the drainage flow of the inner section of the structure, the unit is L/(min.m), L r is the length of the simulated rainfall spray rod, the unit is m, t is the duration, and the unit is min.
S6, correcting the drainage flow velocity of the inner section of the structure to the flow velocity of the i 0 gradient according to the drainage flow velocity of the inner section of the structure and the composite drainage gradient.
According to Darcy's theorem, the flow is proportional to the gradient, and the water flow of the inner end surface of the structure is discharged according to the following formula (4)
The flow rate corrected to the gradient of the specific gradient i 0 is calculated as follows,
Where V m is the flow rate corrected to a specific grade i 0, V d is the structural internal section drainage flow, i c is the composite drainage grade, and i 0 is the specific grade.
The method fully considers the influence of materials and road gradient on drainage capacity, can calculate the water permeability in the road structure, can conveniently calculate the maximum rainfall which can be born by the actual water permeable road under the condition of no water accumulation based on the water permeability in the road structure, and can calculate the water permeability of different materials under experimental conditions, thereby providing design indexes related to rainfall conditions for the design of the water permeable road and guiding the design of the water permeable road better. The section drainage capacity after gradient correction eliminates gradient influence, and the section drainage capacity after gradient correction can still be used for comparing the water permeability between different materials like the water permeability coefficient.
Example 2
In this embodiment, there is also provided a rainfall simulation apparatus (fig. 1 and 2) for the method in embodiment 1, the rainfall simulation apparatus including a water pump, a flow meter and a T-shaped spray bar 1; the T-shaped spray rod 1 comprises a left spray rod 11, a right spray rod 12 and a hand-held water inlet pipe 13 which are connected into a T shape, wherein the left spray rod 11, the right spray rod 12 and the hand-held water inlet pipe 13 can be connected through a tee joint 15; drain holes 16 are formed at equal intervals along the length direction of the left spray boom 11 and the right spray boom 12 so as to form stable linear flow at the top of the drainage road surface; the water outlet of the water pump is connected with the hand-held water inlet pipe 13 of the T-shaped spray boom 1, and the flowmeter is arranged between the water outlet of the water pump and the hand-held water inlet pipe.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the precipitation simulating device may further include an intermediate structure 17, where the intermediate structure 17 has a triangular structure, and three pipes of the intermediate structure 17 are internally communicated with each other, and one of the pipes is a spray boom. External connectors are respectively arranged at three corners of the intermediate structure 17, the left spray rod 11, the right spray rod 12 and the hand-held water inlet pipe 13 are respectively connected with the external connectors at three corners of the intermediate structure 17, and drain holes 16 corresponding to the left spray rod 11 and the right spray rod 12 are arranged on one side of the intermediate structure 17, which is connected with the left spray rod 11 and the right spray rod 12. By providing the triangular intermediate structure 17, the T-shaped spray rod connection of the application is more stable.
The water pump adopts a steady flow pump with charging power or an engine power unit, is a self-priming water pump, has a constant water pressure control mode and can adjust the flow in a stepless speed change way. The suction head of the water pump is not less than 1m, the lift is not less than 10m, the maximum flow is not less than 4L/min, and the maximum pressure is not less than 5kg.
And drain holes are drilled at equal distances under the left spray rod and the right spray rod of the installed T-shaped spray rod. The spacing and the pore diameter of the drainage holes should be such as to ensure a uniform linear flow at a flow rate of 0.1-4L/(min. Linear meter).
Also mounted on the hand-held water tube is a flow regulating valve 14 which can regulate flow from 0 to the maximum flow of the water pump. The lengths of the left spray rod and the right spray rod are equal, the drain holes are arranged in a row along the length direction of the corresponding left spray rod and right spray rod, the drain holes are uniformly arranged, the size of each drain hole is 3mm, and the gap between every two adjacent drain holes is about 4mm.
The water pump can adopt a pumping unit driven by a variable frequency motor and capable of steplessly adjusting the flow rate, and comprises a miniature precision gear pump (such as mzr-11508X1 of the company HUI Nuo HNPM, germany, the flow range is 0.19-1152mL/min. The precision gear pump of Shanghai Johnsen fluid equipment Limited, the flow control panel, the pump heads of MRA5/13, 7/13, 10/13 and the like) and a miniature peristaltic pump (such as the AIP WIFI intelligent peristaltic pump KK15 pump head of the company Shanghai of Kachuan fluid technology). Regardless of the configuration employed, the flow test range should cover the 0.1-4L/min range, allowing this range to be covered by way of replacement of the pump head. If peristaltic pumps are used, pump heads with as many rotors as possible are used to reduce the pulses.
The water pump can also adopt a small-flow booster pump or a constant-pressure pump (such as a vine original 12V charging type automatic sprayer), the flow controllable range covers 0.4L-4L/min, and the flow is regulated by a valve.
The flowmeter may be a micro flowmeter. Including turbine blade wheel flow meters (e.g., OMEGA FTB300 series flow meters; HLNU series, hua Liu instruments, suzhou), clamp-on sensing micro flow meters (Kirschner FD-X series). The flow meter should be able to test the real-time flow and integrate to calculate the cumulative flow between any time periods.
The flowmeter needs to display the flow and the accumulated flow in real time, the measurement accuracy is 0.1L/min, and the minimum measurable value is below 0.5L/min. The water inlet of the flowmeter is connected with the water outlet of the water pump through a hose, and the water outlet of the flowmeter is connected with the handheld water pipe of the T-shaped spray rod through a hose.
When the device is used, the middle position of the spray rod is placed on the wheel trace belt in the water draining direction, the middle position of the spray rod is fixed, the direction of the hand-held water pipe is adjusted to be parallel to the direction (i c) of the composite water draining gradient, and the spray rod is placed on the ground.
The flowmeter, the water pump and the handheld water pipe of the spray boom are well connected, the water pump suction pipe is placed under the water level of the water barrel, the flow control knob is opened to a half-open position, and the pressure stabilizing water pump is started.
The simplified version can also be provided with no flowmeter, and the water storage container is weighed and recorded.
After the spray boom starts to flow out stably and uniformly, observing the water flow direction, and if the water flow direction is inconsistent with the calculated composite drainage gradient direction, returning to the second step of rechecking the drainage gradient. If the directions are basically consistent, the flow control knob is adjusted, the drainage condition is observed to be a critical state of maintaining water flow infiltration and surface water overflow, at the moment, an initial water pump flow velocity v 0 (unit L/min) and an initial accumulated flow Q 0 (unit L) are recorded, a certain steady flow is continued for a period of time unit min, and after 3min, a termination real-time flow velocity v t and a termination accumulated flow Q t are recorded.
Validating the recorded data ifAt the position ofAnd if the flow rate is within the range, the test is successful, and the flow rate of drainage of the section in the structure after standardized correction is calculated according to the following formula (3).
Wherein V d is the drainage flow of the inner section of the structure, the unit is L/min.m, L r is the length of the simulated rainfall spray rod, t is the duration, the unit is min, and i c is the composite drainage gradient.
The simplified version can also be provided with no flowmeter, the water storage container is weighed, the change of the weight of the container for a period of time is recorded, and the drainage flow rate of the inner section of the structure is obtained by dividing the time.
Through the steps, the water permeability in the pavement structure can be calculated, compared with the water seepage test adopted in the prior art, the test result is not influenced by surface gap communication, the drainage capacity of the water permeable pavement is tested in a manner of simulating rainfall in the vertical drainage slope direction, the test result directly reflects the rainfall discharging capacity of the water permeable pavement structure layer, and the test result can also be used as a basis for estimating the relation between the rainfall and the accumulated water thickness of the water permeable pavement and for locating and checking the accumulated water unfavorable positions. The test method is simple and quick, simple to install and operate, and little affected by human factors.
Experimental examples and comparative examples
Indoor test object preparation
And selecting a plurality of open-graded mixture types for indoor mixture design. The PAC-13 and PAC-20 are obtained from the technical Specification of permeable asphalt pavement (CJJT-2012) of the industry standard of the Ministry of construction, and the OGFC-10 and AM-13 are obtained from the technical Specification of Highway asphalt pavement (JTG F40-2004) of the industry standard of the Ministry of transportation, as follows:
Drainage mixture and noise reduction safety mixture technical requirements
The test room respectively prepares 4 kinds (5 pieces) of mixture plate test pieces (PAC-13, PAC-20 and OGFC-10), the molding method refers to a T0703 wheel milling method asphalt mixture test piece preparation method in the test procedure of highway engineering asphalt and asphalt mixtures (JTG E20-2011), and the plane size of the test piece is 300mm multiplied by 300mm. The thickness of the test piece of PAC-13, AM-13 and OGFC-10 is 40mm, and the thickness of the test piece of PAC-20 is 60mm.
Outdoor test object preparation
Exemplary projects of PAC-13 and OGFC-10 were laid down in a second high speed physical project at a dolomite airport, respectively.
Experimental example 1 (indoor)
High precision (micro flow gear pump system), turbine micro flow meter, and 0.5m/1m/1.5m spray rod mechanism to test PAC-13 and AM-13 indoor test blocks.
Experimental example 2 (indoor)
High precision (micro flow gear pump system), turbine micro flow meter, 1m spray rod, test PAC-20 and OGFC-10 indoor test block.
Experimental example 3 (indoor)
High precision (peristaltic pump 3 rotor system and 6 rotor system), integrated flowmeter, 1m spray rod, and testing PAC-20, PAC-13, OGFC-10 and AM-13 indoor test blocks.
Experimental example 4 (indoor)
The system is low in cost and convenient (with a regulating valve and a pressure stabilizing pump), a water tank is metered by a weight reduction method, a 1m spray rod is arranged, and PAC-13, OGFC-10 and AM-13 indoor test blocks are tested.
The field section drainage capacity test of the method is respectively implemented in the second high-speed field PAC-13 section and the OGFC-10 section of the demonstration engineering dolomite airport.
Experimental example 5 (outdoor)
High precision (micro flow gear pump system), turbine micro flow meter, 1m spray rod (unit length hole section total area is) testing site PAC-13 and OGFC-10
Experimental example 6 (outdoor)
High precision (peristaltic pump 3 rotor system and 6 rotor system), integrated flowmeter, and 1m spray rod (unit length hole section total area is) configured test site PAC-13 and OGFC-10
Experimental example 7 (outdoor)
Low-cost convenient system configuration (with regulating valve pressure stabilizing pump), water tank weight reduction method metering, 1m spray rod (with unit length hole section total area of) test sites PAC-13 and OGFC-10
Comparative example 1 (indoor)
The standard water permeability coefficient tester tests PAC-20, PAC-13, OGFC-10 and AM-13 indoor test blocks according to the asphalt mixture water permeability coefficient test method (T0730) of Highway engineering asphalt and asphalt mixture test procedure (JTG E20).
Comparative example 2 (indoor)
The increased-size water seepage tester tests PAC-20, PAC-13, OGFC-10 and AM-13 indoor test blocks according to the asphalt mixture water seepage coefficient test method (T0730) of Highway engineering asphalt and asphalt mixture test procedure (JTG E20).
Comparative example 3 (outdoor)
The increased-size water seepage tester tests the sites PAC-13 and OGFC-10 according to the asphalt pavement water seepage coefficient test method (T0971) of the on-site test procedure of highway subgrade and road surface (JTG 3450).
As can be seen from the above experimental examples and comparative examples:
1. when the length of the spray rod is too short (0.5 meter), the end benefit of the head has a large influence on the test precision, and when the length of the spray rod is more than 1 meter, the end effect can be effectively controlled.
2. The test method does reflect the internal drainage capacity of the structure of different pavements. From the aspects of the richness and drainage capacity of the internal gaps, PAC-20> PAC-13> OGFC-10> AM-13, and the test results of the method reflect the four significant differences. The water seepage coefficient meter with the standard cannot show the remarkably increased water drainage capacity of the porous structure due to the limited measuring range, and even the water seepage coefficient meter with the increased volume cannot control water flow in the structure, so that the fluctuation of test data is large, the correlation with the actual water drainage capacity is poor, and the abnormal proportion of the data is high.
3. Compared with a simplified constant pressure pump and a container weight reduction method without a flowmeter, the testing system with the high-precision micro-flow control pump and the high-precision micro-flowmeter has the advantages that the process data flow is more stable, and the variability of test results is small. However, the cost of the flow metering method by simplifying the weight reduction method is greatly reduced, the regularity of the test result is still better, and the requirement of daily application can be met.
In the present application, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be an electrical connection; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the description of the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, systems, and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
In the description of the present specification, a description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "particular examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, system, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, systems, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims and description.
Claims (5)
1. The method for measuring the drainage capacity in the pavement structure based on the section flow is characterized by comprising the following steps of,
Determining a test position and cleaning the surface of the test position;
determining a composite drainage grade of the test position;
simulating rainfall by adopting a spray boom and recording data;
calculating the drainage flow rate of the inner section of the structure according to the recorded data;
correcting the drainage flow rate of the inner section of the structure to the flow rate of a specific gradient according to the drainage flow rate of the inner section of the structure and the composite drainage gradient by the following formula;
Wherein V m is the flow rate corrected to a specific gradient i 0, V d is the drainage flow of the inner section of the structure, i c is the composite drainage gradient, and i 0 is the specific gradient;
Forming uniform water flow at the top of the test position in the direction perpendicular to the gradient of the test position, adjusting the water flow to maintain the road surface drainage condition in a critical state that the surface overflows just before but the overflow area is not enlarged, recording the initial flow rate and the initial accumulated flow rate, and recording the duration time, the end real-time flow rate and the end accumulated flow rate after maintaining for a certain time;
The determination of the composite drain gradient for the test location is, in particular,
The test position is an outdoor drainage pavement, the drainage transverse gradient i t and the longitudinal gradient i l of the drainage pavement are measured, and the size of the composite drainage gradient i c is calculated by adopting the formula (1):
calculating the drainage flow velocity of the section in the structure according to the initial accumulated flow, the duration, the length of the simulated rainfall spray rod and the final accumulated flow, wherein the specific calculation formula is as follows,
Wherein V d is the drainage flow of the inner section of the structure, L r is the length of the simulated rainfall spray rod, t is the duration, Q 0 is the initial accumulated flow, and Q t is the final accumulated flow.
2. The method for measuring the drainage capacity in the pavement structure based on the section flow according to claim 1, wherein the test position is an indoor test model, and the drainage cross slope of the indoor test model is set by adopting the following method:
preparing a test plate type test piece;
Preparing a gradient-adjustable bracket;
And placing the test plate type test piece on the bracket, and adjusting the gradient of the test plate type test piece to a target gradient, wherein the target gradient is the composite drainage gradient of the test model.
3. The method for measuring drainage capacity in a pavement structure based on section flow as set forth in claim 1, further comprising verifying the recorded data prior to calculating the drainage flow rate of the section in the structure, and calculatingWhether or not the value of (2) is atIf the flow rate is within the range, the test is successful, the drainage flow rate of the section in the structure is calculated, and if the flow rate is not within the range, the test is repeated;
Where v 0 is the initial flow rate, v t is the final real-time flow rate, Q 0 is the initial cumulative flow, Q t is the final cumulative flow, and t is the duration.
4. A method of measuring drainage capacity in a pavement structure based on section flow as claimed in claim 1,2 or 3 wherein the spray bar is a T-shaped spray bar comprising a left spray bar, a right spray bar and a hand-held water pipe connected in a T-shape; drain holes are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the left spray boom and the right spray boom so as to form stable linear flow at the top of a drain road surface; the handheld water pipe of the T-shaped spray boom is connected with the water outlet of the water pump, and a flowmeter is connected between the water outlet of the water pump and the handheld water pipe.
5. The method for measuring drainage capacity in a pavement structure based on section flow according to claim 4, wherein the handheld water pipe is provided with a flow regulating valve.
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| CN201517204U (en) * | 2009-10-19 | 2010-06-30 | 长安大学 | Dedicated cleaning nozzle for porous bituminous pavement |
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| CN106840997B (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2019-08-20 | 河海大学 | The estimation device and method of big gap bituminous pavement horizontal infiltration flow |
| CN106769798B (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2023-10-10 | 山东中科正拓新材料技术有限公司 | Water storage brick, permeable pavement performance detector and detection method |
| CN208657549U (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2019-03-29 | 付文哲 | A kind of tea place spray irrigation system |
| CN110231267A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-09-13 | 广州珠江黄埔大桥建设有限公司 | A kind of device and method of indoor test drainage type asphalt drainage performance |
| CN110763607A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-02-07 | 云南省交通规划设计研究院有限公司 | Asphalt mixture water seepage performance tester and water seepage coefficient calculation method |
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| CN211905019U (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-11-10 | 广州华晖交通技术有限公司 | Road surface drainage function test device for highway design |
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