CN107389532B - Method for testing pore distribution characteristics of porous engineering material - Google Patents
Method for testing pore distribution characteristics of porous engineering material Download PDFInfo
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- CN107389532B CN107389532B CN201710790640.0A CN201710790640A CN107389532B CN 107389532 B CN107389532 B CN 107389532B CN 201710790640 A CN201710790640 A CN 201710790640A CN 107389532 B CN107389532 B CN 107389532B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
Abstract
The invention provides a test device and a method for testing pore distribution characteristics of a porous engineering material, wherein the test device comprises a fixing frame, a water tank, a test piece barrel, a water inlet pipe, a tension sensor, a pressure sensor and a data acquisition system; the water inlet pipe can stably and uniformly inject tap water into the water tank, and is provided with a valve; the water tank is horizontally arranged on the tabletop, and a water outlet is arranged below the side wall; the fixing frame is arranged above the water tank, the tension sensor is vertically fixed below the fixing frame, the test piece barrel is used for accommodating a test piece for testing, the test piece barrel is arranged above the bottom surface of the water tank by being hung on the tension sensor, the pressure sensor is fixed below the side wall of the water tank, and the tension sensor is connected with the pressure sensor and the data acquisition system. Through the floating weight of the test piece under different soaking heights, the volume of the water drained by the soaking part can be effectively calculated, so that the volume of the communicated pores is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for testing pore distribution characteristics of a porous engineering material, and belongs to the technical field of engineering material monitoring.
Technical Field
In recent years, due to the continuous development of material science and technology, many researches indicate that porous materials have more excellent properties due to their porous structures, so various porous engineering materials are emerging in engineering applications. For example, porous pavement materials are increasingly used in pavement: the porous water permeable bricks are used for paving and sidewalk, natural water falling can rapidly permeate the ground surface, and water accumulation on the road surface is prevented; the porous cement concrete is used for being paved on light pavements such as parking lots, parks, gymnasiums and the like, and has the advantages of relieving environmental high temperature and absorbing environmental noise; the open graded wearing layer (OGFC) is used on municipal roads and highways, and can reduce the noise of tires/pavement, increase the scratch resistance of the pavement, reduce the water mist of the running water and the like, thereby increasing the safety and the comfort of the running water, and the matrix materials of polyurethane broken stone mixture and water-retaining type pavement and the like are widely applied to pavement due to the functional characteristics of porous materials. In addition, porous ceramic materials, porous polymer materials, and porous metal materials are also widely used in engineering practice due to their respective performance superiorities.
The pore distribution characteristics of the porous engineering materials are the most important factors influencing the performance of the porous engineering materials, and the porous engineering materials are tested and known by a reasonable test method to be the premise and basis for correctly and effectively applying the porous engineering materials. In the current method for testing the pore characteristics of porous engineering materials, particularly porous pavement materials, a vacuum soaking method is generally adopted to test the overall average porosity of a test piece so as to represent the pore characteristics of the test piece, the porous pavement materials are uneven in pore distribution due to factors such as material composition, a forming process, a paving process and the like, the pavement performances of the porous pavement materials are greatly influenced, the pavement performances of the porous pavement materials are evaluated by single average porosity, the pavement performances of the porous pavement materials are not comprehensive and scientific, and the three-dimensional image reconstruction is carried out on the test piece by less industrial CT scanning. Therefore, the development of a test device which is simple and easy to operate and accurate in test and the provision of scientific parameters for evaluating the pore distribution characteristics of the porous material to characterize the pore distribution characteristics of the test piece can be used for evaluating the road performance of the porous pavement material, and can also be used for optimizing the design of the mixing ratio, improving the forming and construction process and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the pore distribution characteristics of a porous engineering material by adopting digital detection equipment, and the device and the method thereof can complete the detection of the pore distribution characteristics of the porous material comprehensively, scientifically and efficiently and can overcome the defects in the prior art.
2. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for testing the pore distribution characteristics of the porous engineering material comprises a test device and a test method, wherein the test method comprises the following steps of:
s1, a test piece is not placed in the water tank, water is injected into the water tank, the change of the floating weight of the test piece barrel along with the height of the water level is tested, the linear coefficient of the buoyancy of the test piece barrel relative to the change of the height of the water level is obtained, and errors are eliminated for the change of the floating weight of the test piece in the test; then discharging water in the water tank, and air-drying the test piece barrel;
s2, placing the test piece into a test piece barrel to obtain the dry weight of the test piece, keeping the test piece vertically placed in the middle of the test piece barrel, slowly injecting water into a water tank until the water level is over the top surface of the test piece, and obtaining the floating weight of the test piece under different soaking heights by implementing the data acquired by the monitoring tension sensor and the water pressure sensor;
s3, obtaining a distribution law of the communicated porosity of the test piece along the height direction through deduction and data processing, and evaluating the uniformity of the pore distribution of the test piece on the deviation rate obtained through calculation;
the test device comprises a fixing frame placed on the water tank, a test piece barrel is connected to the fixing frame through a tension sensor, the test piece barrel is located in the water tank, a water inlet pipe with a valve is arranged on the water tank, a water inlet and a water outlet are formed in the bottom of the water tank, and a pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the water tank and connected with a data acquisition system.
The deduction and data processing are as follows: the data acquisition system acquires a change curve of the immersion floating weight of the test piece relative to time and a change curve of the water level height relative to time, and a change inflection point of the tensile force is a time starting point when the water level reaches the bottom surface of the test piece, so that a change curve corresponding to the tensile force relative to the water level height is obtained; the pulling force F is seen through the change curve corresponding to the water level T Gradually decrease, i.e. the float weight F of the test piece F Gradually increase and float weight F F Has a relationship with the size and porosity of the porous body; the change DeltaF of the pulling force is within a small range of the change of the water level height of Deltah T The calculation formula is as follows:
ΔF T ＝ΔF F ＝ρgΔV＝aΔh+ρgS(1-α)Δh
wherein alpha is the porosity of the section delta h, S is the sectional area of the test piece, a is the linear change coefficient of the buoyancy of the test piece barrel relative to the water level height, ρ represents the density of the test piece, and g represents the gravity;
the porosity at this stage is thus deduced to be calculated as follows:
the average porosity M (alpha) of the porosity distribution is adopted to represent the overall porosity of the test piece, the standard deviation SD (alpha) is adopted to reflect the deviation of the porosity distribution of the test piece, and the relative standard deviation RSD (alpha) (namely deviation rate) is adopted to reflect the non-uniformity degree of the porosity distribution of the test piece; the calculation formulas of the three indexes are as follows:
wherein alpha is i Is the thin layer porosity between the i-th to i+1-th measuring points along the height direction.
The method for testing the pore distribution characteristics of the porous engineering material is characterized in that the water tank is a tank body made of organic glass.
The method for testing the pore distribution characteristics of the porous engineering material is characterized in that the test piece barrel is a water-permeable metal net.
The method for testing the pore distribution characteristics of the porous engineering material comprises the steps that the length and the width of a water tank are 400-500mm, the height is 500-600mm, and the wall thickness is 4-6mm; a cylinder with the bottom surface diameter of 180-200mm and the height of 250-300mm of the test piece barrel; the distance between the fixing frame and the bracket is 600-700mm; the water outlet is 7mm away from the bottom surface of the water tank, and the pressure sensor is 6mm away from the bottom surface of the water tank.
In comparison with the prior art technique of the prior art,
the invention firstly designs a test device for testing the pore distribution characteristics of engineering materials, which comprises a water tank, a fixing frame, a test piece barrel, a water inlet pipe, a tension sensor, a water pressure sensor and a data acquisition system, wherein the data acquisition system is used for continuously acquiring the floating weights of test pieces in water at different water level heights, so that the communication porosities of the test pieces at different heights are calculated, the overall average porosities of the test pieces and the distribution rule of the porosities along the height direction of the test pieces are further obtained, and the parameter of deviation rate is provided to represent the uniformity of the pore distribution of the test pieces.
At the same time, the invention has the following beneficial effects
1. According to the test device for testing the pore distribution characteristics of the porous engineering material, the volume of the drainage water of the immersed part can be effectively calculated through the floating weight of the test piece under different immersion heights, so that the volume of the communicated pores is obtained.
2. According to the test device for testing the pore distribution characteristics of the porous engineering material, the tension sensor is utilized to test the floating weight change of the test piece, the pressure sensor is utilized to test the water level change, and the data acquisition system is arranged to continuously acquire the data of the sensor, so that the distribution rule of the porosity along the height direction is finally obtained through push-down and data processing, and compared with a traditional vacuum water immersion method, the comprehensive and accurate test result is greatly improved.
3. The method for representing the porous engineering material pore distribution, provided by the technical scheme, takes the percentage of the standard deviation of the pore distribution relative to the average pore rate as the deviation rate of the pore distribution, can effectively reflect the uniformity of the pore distribution of a test piece, has a relatively large reference for the performance evaluation of the porous material, and has a certain guiding significance for the design optimization and the process improvement of the material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test device for testing pore distribution characteristics of a porous engineering material;
the floating weight change rule of the test piece in FIG. 2 under different soaking heights;
the porosity of the test piece of fig. 3 is distributed along the height direction.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made more complete and clear with reference to the figures of the invention, wherein the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the test device for testing the pore distribution characteristics of the porous engineering material comprises a fixing frame 1 arranged on a water tank 2, wherein a test piece barrel 3 is connected to the fixing frame 1 through a tension sensor 5, the test piece barrel 3 is positioned in the water tank 2, a water inlet pipe 6 with a valve and a water outlet 7 with a valve are arranged on the water tank 2, a pressure sensor 8 is arranged at the bottom of the water tank 2, and the tension sensor 5 is connected with the pressure sensor 8 and a data acquisition system 9; the water tank 2 is a tank body made of organic glass; the test piece barrel 3 is a water-permeable metal net; the water tank 2 has a length and a width of 400-500mm, a height of 500-600mm and a wall thickness of 4-6mm; a cylinder with the bottom surface diameter of 180-200mm and the height of 250-300mm of the test piece barrel 3; the distance between the brackets of the fixing frame 1 is 600-700mm; the water outlet 7 is 7mm away from the bottom surface of the water tank, and the pressure sensor 8 is 6mm away from the bottom surface of the water tank.
The test method of the technical scheme comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of test samples
Typically, the test piece 4 is a cylinder, or a prism may be used, and may be prepared in a laboratory or be cored in situ. The diameter of the test piece is generally larger than 90mm and smaller than the diameter of the test piece barrel, so that the test error is prevented from being increased due to overlarge relative diameter of the aperture, the height is generally larger than 100mm, and the problem that more accurate function curves cannot be obtained due to too little data is avoided. The test piece material is generally hard material, the pore diameter is not too small (the common road material meets the conditions), and the capillary phenomenon is avoided to influence the test result. In this example, the test piece 4 in this example was a porous cement concrete of 103.6mm×200mm prepared in a laboratory, and the concrete procedure was as follows: adding the freshly mixed concrete material into a PVC pipe with the outer diameter of 110mm and the wall thickness of 3.2mm, tamping the freshly mixed concrete material into three layers, and placing the molded test piece 4 into a curing room for curing for 24 hours for demoulding. The test pieces were then air dried for 24 hours and tested.
2. Collecting data
Before the test, a test piece is not put in, a valve of a water inlet pipe is opened, water is injected into an empty water tank 2, the change of the floating weight of the test piece barrel 3 along with the height of the water level is tested, the linear coefficient a of the buoyancy of the test piece barrel 3 relative to the change of the height of the water level is obtained, and the error is eliminated for the change of the floating weight of the test piece 4 in the test. The water in the water tank 2 is then drained, and the test piece barrel is taken out and air-dried before being reinstalled. Then, the test piece is placed in the test piece 4 barrel, the test piece is kept vertically placed in the middle of the test piece barrel 3, water is slowly injected into the water tank 2 until the water level is over the top surface of the test piece, the immersion floating weight and the water level change of the test piece are respectively tested through the tension sensor 5 and the pressure sensor 8, and the data acquisition system 9 continuously acquires the change process of the immersion floating weight along with the water level height in the whole process. In the data acquisition process, two sensors are required to be arranged to start acquisition at the same time and have the same frequency, so that the water injection speed is ensured to be as slow as possible, the data acquisition density is improved, and the accuracy of a test result is improved.
3. Data processing
The data acquisition system acquires a change curve of the immersion floating weight of the test piece relative to time and a change curve of the water level height relative to time, and the change inflection point of the tensile force is the time starting point of the water level reaching the bottom surface of the test piece, so that a change curve corresponding to the tensile force relative to the water level height is obtained (as shown in figure 2).
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the tension F T Gradually decrease due to the floating weight F of the test piece F Gradually increase and float weight F F There is a relationship between the size and porosity. The change DeltaF of the pulling force is within a small range of the change of the water level height of Deltah T The method can be calculated according to the following formula:
ΔF T ＝ΔF F ＝ρgΔV＝aΔh+ρgS(1-α)Δh
wherein alpha is the porosity of the section delta h, S is the sectional area of the test piece, a is the linear change coefficient of the buoyancy of the test piece barrel relative to the water level height, ρ represents the density of the test piece, and g represents the gravity;
it can thus be deduced that the porosity at this segment can be calculated as follows:
thus, the void distribution rule of the test piece in the height direction as shown in fig. 3 was obtained.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the porosity of the test piece gradually decreases with decreasing height, which is related to the molding process of the test piece and the subsidence of the cement paste. To characterize the porosity distribution of the test piece, the average porosity M (α) of the porosity distribution is used to characterize the overall porosity of the test piece, the standard deviation SD (α) is used to reflect the deviation of the porosity distribution of the test piece, and the relative standard deviation RSD (α) (i.e., the deviation rate) is used to reflect the degree of non-uniformity of the porosity distribution of the test piece. The three indexes can be calculated according to the following formula:
wherein alpha is i Is the thin layer porosity between the i-th to i+1-th measuring points along the height direction.
The average porosity M (α) =17.5% of the test piece in this embodiment, the standard deviation of the porosity distribution is SD (α) =2.1%, and the porosity distribution "deviation ratio" RSD (α) =12.1% are calculated, so that the three data can more comprehensively and objectively evaluate the pore distribution characteristics of the porous engineering material.
The foregoing description is only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions and the drawings of the present invention are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, which are all included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for testing the pore distribution characteristics of a porous engineered material, characterized by: the test device comprises a fixing frame (1) arranged on a water tank (2), wherein a test piece barrel (3) is connected to the fixing frame (1) through a tension sensor (5), the test piece barrel (3) is positioned in the water tank (2), a water inlet pipe (6) with a valve and a water inlet and outlet (7) are arranged on the water tank (2), a pressure sensor (8) is arranged at the bottom of the water tank (2), and the tension sensor (5) is connected with the pressure sensor (8) and a data acquisition system (9);
the test method comprises the following steps:
s1, a test piece is not placed in the water tank, water is injected into the water tank, the change of the floating weight of the test piece barrel along with the height of the water level is tested, the linear coefficient of the buoyancy of the test piece barrel relative to the change of the height of the water level is obtained, and errors are eliminated for the change of the floating weight of the test piece in the test; then discharging water in the water tank, and air-drying the test piece barrel;
s2, placing the test piece into a test piece barrel to obtain the dry weight of the test piece, keeping the test piece vertically placed in the middle of the test piece barrel, slowly injecting water into a water tank until the water level is over the top surface of the test piece, and obtaining the floating weight of the test piece under different soaking heights by implementing the data acquired by the monitoring tension sensor and the water pressure sensor;
s3, obtaining a distribution law of the communicated porosity of the test piece along the height direction through deduction and data processing, and evaluating the uniformity of the pore distribution of the test piece on the deviation rate obtained through calculation;
the deduction and data processing are as follows: from data acquisitionThe collection system acquires a change curve of the immersion floating weight of the test piece relative to time and a change curve of the water level height relative to time, and a change inflection point of the tensile force is a time starting point when the water level reaches the bottom surface of the test piece, so that a change curve corresponding to the tensile force relative to the water level height is obtained; the pulling force F is seen through the change curve corresponding to the water level T Gradually decrease, i.e. the float weight F of the test piece F Gradually increase and float weight F F Has a relationship with the size and porosity of the porous body; the change DeltaF of the pulling force is within a small range of the change of the water level height of Deltah T The calculation formula is as follows:
ΔF T ＝ΔF F ＝ρgΔV＝aΔh+ρgS(1-α)Δh
wherein alpha is the porosity of the section delta h, S is the sectional area of the test piece, a is the linear change coefficient of the buoyancy of the test piece barrel relative to the water level height, ρ represents the density of the test piece, and g represents the gravity;
the porosity at this stage is thus deduced to be calculated as follows:
the average porosity M (alpha) of the porosity distribution is adopted to represent the overall porosity of the test piece, the standard deviation SD (alpha) is adopted to reflect the deviation of the porosity distribution of the test piece, and the relative standard deviation RSD (alpha), namely the deviation rate, is adopted to reflect the non-uniformity degree of the porosity distribution of the test piece; the calculation formulas of the three indexes are as follows:
wherein alpha is i Is the thin layer porosity between the i-th to i+1-th measuring points along the height direction.
2. The method for testing the pore distribution characteristics of a porous engineering material according to claim 1, wherein: the water tank (2) is a tank body made of organic glass.
3. The method for testing the pore distribution characteristics of a porous engineering material according to claim 1, wherein: the test piece barrel (3) is a water-permeable metal net.
4. The method for testing the pore distribution characteristics of a porous engineering material according to claim 1, wherein: the water tank (2) is 400-500mm long and wide, 500-600mm high and 4-6mm thick; a cylinder with the bottom surface diameter of 180-200mm and the height of 250-300mm of the test piece barrel (3); the distance between the brackets of the fixing frame (1) is 600-700mm; the water outlet (7) is 7mm away from the bottom surface of the water tank, and the pressure sensor (8) is 6mm away from the bottom surface of the water tank.
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| CN109900616B (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2021-10-01 | 江苏安全技术职业学院 | Quantitative characterization method for foam slurry material cell uniformity |
| CN110174340B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-04-02 | 武汉理工大学 | Method and device for testing layered porosity of solid porous material |
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