CN103439237B - Blocking test device and method for water-permeable concrete pile in piping soil foundation - Google Patents
Blocking test device and method for water-permeable concrete pile in piping soil foundation Download PDFInfo
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- CN103439237B CN103439237B CN201310391412.8A CN201310391412A CN103439237B CN 103439237 B CN103439237 B CN 103439237B CN 201310391412 A CN201310391412 A CN 201310391412A CN 103439237 B CN103439237 B CN 103439237B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blocking test device for a water-permeable concrete pile in a piping soil foundation. The blocking test device comprises an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve, wherein the inner sleeve is arranged on a section of the inner wall of the outer sleeve; a water-permeable concrete test piece is arranged in the inner sleeve; a piping soil test piece is arranged above the inner sleeve and the water-permeable concrete test piece; an overflow gap is formed in the outer sleeve above the piping soil test piece; a drainage pipe is arranged on the outer sleeve below the water-permeable concrete test piece; the tail end of the drainage pipe is perpendicular to a horizontal panel; an electromagnetic flowmeter is arranged at the tail end of the drainage pipe; pressure gauge preformed holes are formed above and below the water-permeable concrete test piece; iron gauzes are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the water-permeable concrete test piece. The invention also provides a blocking test method for the water-permeable concrete pile in the piping soil foundation. A full process of blocking the water-permeable concrete pile is simulated by testing a permeation coefficient of the water-permeable concrete test piece and the change of resistivity of a waterlogged test piece, so that the foundation is laid for the research on a blocking mechanism of the water-permeable concrete pile in piping soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to permeable concrete stake clogging testing device and method in a kind of piping soil base, belong to field of civil engineering.
Background technology
Piping refers under the effect of wandering water, and the fine grained be filled in soil body skeleton space is taken away by infiltration and forms the geological phenomenon of seepage flow channel, and it mainly occurs in cohesiveless soil soil layer.Permeable concrete stake in insertion piping soil is when Piping phenomenon occurs, fine grained in the soil body probably blocks permeable concrete stake, permeable concrete stake was lost efficacy, and the blocking mechanism therefore studying permeable concrete stake in piping soil is necessary.But lack permeable concrete stake blocking test analogue means and method in piping soil at present.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides water permeability coagulation stake clogging testing device and method in piping soil base, by the change of test permeable concrete test specimen infiltration coefficient and full water test specimen resistivity, permeable concrete stake blocking overall process is simulated, for the blocking mechanism of permeable concrete stake in research piping soil lays the foundation.
The technical purpose that the present invention relates to has: to set up in piping soil permeable concrete stake blocking test analogue means and determine simulation experiment method and step.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme.
Water permeability coagulation stake clogging testing device in a kind of piping soil base, comprise outer sleeve and inner sleeve, one section of inwall of described outer sleeve is provided with inner sleeve, pervious concrete test specimen is provided with in described inner sleeve, the top of described inner sleeve and pervious concrete test specimen is provided with piping soil test specimen, outer sleeve above described piping soil test specimen is provided with gap, and the outer sleeve below pervious concrete test specimen is provided with drainpipe, the end of described drainpipe and horizontal plane; Described drainage pipe end is provided with electromagnetic flowmeter and carrys out measuring flow; Be equipped with tensimeter preformed hole on above and below described pervious concrete test specimen, for connecting plus-pressure table, measure the upper and lower pressure at both sides of test specimen poor, the two ends up and down of described permeable concrete test specimen are respectively provided with an entanglement.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described outer sleeve is divided into upper bush and lower sleeve, and upper bush and the lower sleeve below it removably connect, and drainpipe is arranged on lower sleeve.
The intersection of described lower sleeve and upper bush is provided with projection, and inner sleeve is positioned in this projection.
The end of described drainpipe is also connected with adjustable for height plastic tube, and plastic tube is for measuring the stopping state of piping soil to permeable concrete under different drain height.
Described drainpipe is provided with valve.
Also rubber sleeve is provided with between described pervious concrete test specimen and inner sleeve.
Also rubber sleeve is provided with between described piping soil test specimen and outer sleeve.
Described pervious concrete test specimen, piping soil test specimen are cylindrical.
Principle of the present invention is: piping refers under the effect of wandering water, the fine grained be filled in soil body skeleton space is taken away by infiltration and forms the geological phenomenon of seepage flow channel, when Piping phenomenon occurs, the space of the permeable concrete stake in piping soil base can be blocked by piping soil particle.In order to simulate whole blocking process, invent experimental provision as shown in Figure 1.During experiment, in sleeve, piping soil test specimen is placed in upside, and permeable concrete test specimen is placed in downside.The head difference controlling wandering water by gap and freeing port is to simulate the Piping phenomenon of piping soil in different seepage flow situation.Piping soil particle can be jammed under the drive of wandering water be placed on piping soil test specimen below permeable concrete test specimen in, by the infiltration coefficient of observation permeable concrete test specimen and the change of resistivity, the stopping state of permeable concrete test specimen can be determined.
1, the mensuration of permeable concrete test specimen porosity:
Employing amount volumetric method measures permeable concrete test specimen porosity, measures diameter and the height of test specimen, calculate porosity according to formula (1) with vernier caliper:
In formula: n
e---test specimen porosity, %;
M
1---the quality that test specimen records after soaking 24 hours in water, g;
M
2---after test specimen takes out from water 60 DEG C of baking ovens in dry the quality after 24 hours, g;
The test specimen volume that v---volumetric method is measured, cm
3;
ρ
w---the density of water, g/cm
3.
2, the determination of permeable concrete test specimen infiltration coefficient:
By reading the flow of the electromagnetic flowmeter on the seepage flow water outlet pipe of online record during experiment, get curve steady time Q value.The test specimen upper surface of online record read according to tensimeter and the pressure of lower surface, determine hydraulic gradient J by formula (2):
In formula: h
1and h
2-permeable concrete test specimen upper and lower surface pressure;
H
w-flow through the loss of flood peak after test specimen;
L-height of specimen.
The osmotic coefficient k of test specimen can be obtained according to formula (3) Darcy's law after obtaining hydraulic gradient.
In formula: A-test specimen cross-sectional area.
3, the determination of resistivity:
To be satisfied the change in resistance process in the through space of water test specimen by observation permeable concrete, can judge the stopping state of permeable concrete test specimen, the through space that resistivity is higher shows test specimen less and then illustrate that the soil particle be jammed in permeable concrete test specimen is more.In order to record change in resistance process, conductive NaCl solution is added during experiment, and respectively add an entanglement at the upper and lower two ends of permeable concrete test specimen, connect power supply and the digital multimeter that useful power and applied power can be measured, in experimentation, to permeable concrete test specimen upper and lower both sides indirect current pressure U, utilize this multimeter can record electric current I by test specimen.Finally utilize formula (4) that test specimen resistance R can be tried to achieve.
R=U/I （4）
Resistivity computing formula (5) can be utilized after trying to achieve resistance R to try to achieve the resistivity λ of test specimen.
λ=RA/l （5）
Because sand constantly blocks permeable concrete test specimen in experimentation, in blocking process, the porosity of test specimen reduces gradually, causes the resistivity recorded constantly to increase.
4, the determination of permeable concrete height of specimen:
Permeable concrete stake adopts the stake of open circles wall, then the height of permeable concrete test specimen is the wall thickness of permeable concrete stake.
5, the determination of piping soil height of specimen:
Permeable concrete stake is inserted in piping soil, if stake is by arranged in squares, it is arranged as shown in Figure 2 (a) shows.According to specification, pile spacing should get 3-5 times of stake footpaths.The equivalent diameter of basement process area that then a pile is shared calculates, as shown in Fig. 2 (b) by formula (6).
d
e＝1.13s （6）
In formula: d
e-single pile Equivalence effects circular diameter;
s-pile spacing.
From above formula, during experiment, the height h of liquefying soil
sdetermine by formula (7).、
In formula: d-stake footpath.
If stake is by triangular arrangement, it is arranged as shown in Fig. 3 (a).The equivalent diameter of basement process area that then a pile is shared calculates by formula (7), as shown in Figure 3 (b).
d
e＝1.05s （7）
In formula: d
e-single pile Equivalence effects circular diameter;
S-pile spacing.
From above formula, during experiment, the height h of liquefying soil
sdetermine by formula (9).、
In formula: d-stake footpath.
Present invention also offers water permeability coagulation stake blocking test method in a kind of piping soil base, comprise the steps:
(1) permeable concrete test specimen and piping soil test specimen is made.
(2) measure the porosity of permeable concrete test specimen: permeable concrete test specimen two ends are cut a part respectively, to vibrate the impact of uneven generation to eliminate test specimen upper and lower surface, and record the height of specimen after cutting.The porosity of permeable concrete test specimen is measured by volumetric method.
(3) infiltration coefficient of permeable concrete test specimen is measured:
1) according to permeable concrete test specimen diameter, permeable concrete test specimen cross-sectional area A is calculated.
2) permeable concrete test specimen is put into NaCl solution and soak certain hour, ensure that the hole of all connections can soak into.
3) permeable concrete test specimen is taken out, dry surface and at side coating butter, then apply with flexible rubber bed course, be arranged on organic glass inner sleeve place.By two sections sleeve Flange joint, flange adds rubber blanket.
4) close outlet valve, open water inlet valve, start slow water filling to outer sleeve, current fill whole outer sleeve from top to bottom, and gap starts overflow; Open outlet valve, make water seepage flow a period of time, until waterflow stabilization and start after bubble emptying test.
5) read the flow of the electromagnetic flowmeter on the drainpipe of online record, get curve steady time Q value.According to the difference determination hydraulic gradient J of the pressure on the upper and lower surface of permeable concrete test specimen of online record.
6) Darcy's law is utilized to ask osmotic coefficient k.
(4) piping soil blocking test
1) after osmotic coefficient investigating, after the piping made soil test specimen sidewall is superscribed flexible rubber bed course, put into outer sleeve, keep flow of inlet water constant;
2) observe the flow of the drainpipe of online record, treat flow Q
1after stable, utilize Darcy's law, ask the osmotic coefficient k of the pervious concrete test specimen after blocking
1.
(5) Experiment of Resistivity Variation in test specimen blocking process
Give pervious concrete test specimen upper and lower surface indirect current pressure U simultaneously, and measure the electric current I by test specimen upper and lower surface by the multimeter of online record, utilize R=U/I, obtain test specimen resistance R, calculate corresponding resistivity λ.
After adding piping soil test specimen, the resistivity of observing test specimen can find due to Piping phenomenon blocking test specimen UNICOM hole and resistivity is increased.
What only change in test parameters below is some, and research relevant parameter is on the impact of the anti-blockage capability of pervious concrete test specimen.These parameters comprise: permeable concrete test specimen porosity, the grating of piping soil and the drain height etc. of drainpipe.
By above-mentioned experiment, permeable concrete test specimen can be obtained by the change of infiltration coefficient in piping soil blocking overall process, change 2 indexs of resistivity.By analyzing the change of these 2 indexs, the laws for plugging of water-based concrete road surface can be made clear of.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is that the blocking mechanism research of permeable concrete stake in piping soil provides a kind of research method and relevant device of science, achieve the simulation of permeable concrete stake blocking overall process in piping soil, by measuring the stopping state of piping soil to permeable concrete under different drain height, the change of infiltration coefficient and resistivity in permeable concrete blocking overall process can be obtained.Experimental facilities structure is simple, and measurement result accurate and effective, for the blocking mechanism making clear of water-based concrete-pile is laid a good foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Water permeability coagulation stake clogging testing device figure in Fig. 1 piping soil base.
Fig. 2 square lays out pile figure.
Fig. 3 triangle lays out pile figure.
Fig. 4 sand sample grading curve figure.
Fig. 5 A, B two group test specimen change in resistance figure.
Wherein, 1, outer sleeve; 2, inner sleeve; 3, pervious concrete test specimen; 4, piping soil test specimen; 5, gap; 6, drainpipe; 7, electromagnetic flowmeter; 8, tensimeter preformed hole; 9, entanglement; 10, plastic tube; 11, valve; 12, rubber sleeve.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, water permeability coagulation stake clogging testing device in a kind of piping soil base, comprise outer sleeve 1 and inner sleeve 2, one section of inwall of described outer sleeve 1 is provided with inner sleeve 2, pervious concrete test specimen 3 is provided with in described inner sleeve 2, the top of described inner sleeve 2 and pervious concrete test specimen 3 is provided with piping soil test specimen 4, outer sleeve 1 above described piping soil test specimen 4 is provided with gap 5, outer sleeve 1 below pervious concrete test specimen 3 is provided with drainpipe 6, the end of described drainpipe 6 and horizontal plane; Described drainpipe 6 end is provided with electromagnetic flowmeter 7 and carrys out measuring flow; Be equipped with tensimeter preformed hole 8 on above and below described pervious concrete test specimen 3, for connecting plus-pressure table, measure pervious concrete test specimen about 3 pressure at both sides poor, the two ends up and down of described permeable concrete test specimen 3 are respectively provided with entanglement 9.
The end of described drainpipe 6 is also connected with adjustable for height plastic tube 10, and plastic tube 10 is for measuring the stopping state of piping soil to permeable concrete under different drain height.
Described drainpipe is provided with valve 11.
Rubber sleeve 12 is also provided with between described pervious concrete test specimen 3 and inner sleeve 2.
The piping soil sample of this test has selected four kinds of sand samples to combine: 5-10mm particle diameter sand, 2-5mm particle diameter sand, 0.5-1mm particle diameter sand, Chinese ISOA normal sand (0.075-2mm).Its parameter is in table 1, and grading curve is shown in Fig. 4.
Table 1 sand sample parameter list
Make A, B two groups of test specimens during test, A group test specimen 5-10mm particle diameter sand, 0.5-1mm particle diameter sand, Chinese ISOA normal sand three kinds of sand make, and the ratio of its consumption is 4:1:1.B group test specimen 2-5mm particle diameter sand, 0.5-1mm particle diameter sand, Chinese ISOA normal sand three kinds of sand make, and its amount ratio is classified as 4:1:1.Two groups of test specimens are identical in quality, and load weighted sand sample is mixed rear making test specimen.
Permeable concrete test specimen adopts Jinan to produce the Portland cement of 42.5 of scenery with hills and waters board, and poly-amino high efficiency water reducing agent is that the rubble of 10-20mm, 5-10mm, 2.5-5mm etc. makes as mixing water as the general clean tap water of coarse aggregate with particle diameter.The match ratio of employing experience-volumetric method determination material, rule of thumb water cement ratio gets 0.3, goal porosity 20%, determines by test the optimum mix that intensity and water permeability all can meet the demands.Produce condition the same, one group of test specimen that void ratio is identical, height of specimen is 100mm, and diameter is 100mm.During experiment, permeable concrete test specimen two ends are cut 5mm respectively, to vibrate the impact of uneven generation, so the final height of test specimen is 90mm to eliminate test specimen upper and lower surface.
Getting pilespacing is 4 times of stake footpaths, lays out pile during experiment by square, and the diameter of piping soil test specimen is 100mm, is highly 1.76 times of permeable concrete test specimen, is 158.4mm.
During experiment, on taking and discharging pipe, the height of the plastic tube of variable height is 50mm.Observe the change of the resistivity of two groups of test specimens after completing experiment, its result as shown in Figure 5.
As shown in Figure 5, the resistivity of A, B two groups of test specimens is all along with the growth of time is risen gradually, illustrate in experimentation, sand grains is constantly had to block with concrete sample, the resistivity of A group test specimen is greater than B group, reason is that A group test specimen Large stone sand content is more, and fine grained easily runs off and is jammed in permeable concrete test specimen.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. water permeability coagulation stake clogging testing device in piping soil base, it is characterized in that, comprise outer sleeve and inner sleeve, one section of inwall of described outer sleeve is provided with inner sleeve, be provided with pervious concrete test specimen in described inner sleeve, the top of described inner sleeve and pervious concrete test specimen is provided with piping soil test specimen, and the outer sleeve above described piping soil test specimen is provided with gap, outer sleeve below pervious concrete test specimen is provided with drainpipe, the end of described drainpipe and horizontal plane; Described drainage pipe end is provided with electromagnetic flowmeter; Be equipped with tensimeter preformed hole on above and below described pervious concrete test specimen, the two ends up and down of described permeable concrete test specimen are respectively provided with entanglement.
2. water permeability coagulation stake clogging testing device in piping soil as claimed in claim 1 base, it is characterized in that, described outer sleeve is divided into upper bush and lower sleeve, and upper bush and the lower sleeve below it removably connect, and drainpipe is arranged on lower sleeve.
3. water permeability coagulation stake clogging testing device in piping soil as claimed in claim 2 base, it is characterized in that, the intersection of described lower sleeve and upper bush is provided with projection, and inner sleeve is positioned in this projection.
4. water permeability coagulation stake clogging testing device in piping soil as claimed in claim 1 base, it is characterized in that, the end of described drainpipe is also connected with adjustable for height plastic tube.
5. water permeability coagulation stake clogging testing device in piping soil as claimed in claim 1 base, is characterized in that, be also provided with rubber sleeve between described pervious concrete test specimen and inner sleeve.
6. water permeability coagulation stake clogging testing device in piping soil as claimed in claim 1 base, is characterized in that, is also provided with rubber sleeve between described piping soil test specimen and outer sleeve.
7. water permeability coagulation stake clogging testing device in piping soil as claimed in claim 1 base, is characterized in that, described pervious concrete test specimen, piping soil test specimen are cylindrical.
8. the test method of water permeability coagulation stake clogging testing device in piping soil as claimed in claim 1 base, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) porosity of permeable concrete test specimen is measured: permeable concrete test specimen two ends are cut a part respectively, and records the height of specimen after cutting, measure the porosity of permeable concrete test specimen by volumetric method;
(2) infiltration coefficient of permeable concrete test specimen is measured:
1) according to permeable concrete test specimen diameter, permeable concrete test specimen cross-sectional area A is calculated;
2) permeable concrete test specimen is put into NaCl solution and soak certain hour, ensure that the hole of all connections can soak into;
3) permeable concrete test specimen is taken out, dry surface and at side coating butter, then apply with flexible rubber bed course, be arranged on inner sleeve place;
4) start slow water filling to outer sleeve, current fill whole outer sleeve from top to bottom, and gap starts overflow; Make water seepage flow a period of time, until waterflow stabilization and start after bubble emptying test;
5) read the flow of the electromagnetic flowmeter on the drainpipe of online record, get curve steady time Q value; According to the difference determination hydraulic gradient J of the pressure on the upper and lower surface of permeable concrete test specimen of online record;
6) Darcy's law is utilized to ask osmotic coefficient k.
9. the test method of water permeability coagulation stake clogging testing device in piping soil as claimed in claim 1 base, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) porosity of permeable concrete test specimen is measured: permeable concrete test specimen two ends are cut a part respectively, and records the height of specimen after cutting, measure the porosity of permeable concrete test specimen by volumetric method;
(2) infiltration coefficient of permeable concrete test specimen is measured:
1) according to permeable concrete test specimen diameter, permeable concrete test specimen cross-sectional area A is calculated;
2) permeable concrete test specimen is put into NaCl solution and soak certain hour, ensure that the hole of all connections can soak into;
3) permeable concrete test specimen is taken out, dry surface and at side coating butter, then apply with flexible rubber bed course, be arranged on inner sleeve place;
4) after osmotic coefficient investigating, after the piping made soil test specimen sidewall is superscribed flexible rubber bed course, outer sleeve is put into;
5) start slow water filling to outer sleeve, current fill whole outer sleeve from top to bottom, and gap starts overflow; Make water seepage flow a period of time, until waterflow stabilization and start after bubble emptying test;
6) observe the flow of the drainpipe of online record, after flow Q1 is stable, utilizes Darcy's law, ask the osmotic coefficient k 1 of the pervious concrete test specimen after blocking.
10. the test method of water permeability coagulation stake clogging testing device in piping soil as claimed in claim 1 base, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) porosity of permeable concrete test specimen is measured: permeable concrete test specimen two ends are cut a part respectively, and records the height of specimen after cutting, measure the porosity of permeable concrete test specimen by volumetric method;
(2) infiltration coefficient of permeable concrete test specimen is measured:
1) according to permeable concrete test specimen diameter, permeable concrete test specimen cross-sectional area A is calculated;
2) permeable concrete test specimen is put into NaCl solution and soak certain hour, ensure that the hole of all connections can soak into;
3) permeable concrete test specimen is taken out, dry surface and at side coating butter, then apply with flexible rubber bed course, be arranged on inner sleeve place;
4) after osmotic coefficient investigating, after the piping made soil test specimen sidewall is superscribed flexible rubber bed course, outer sleeve is put into;
5) start slow water filling to outer sleeve, current fill whole outer sleeve from top to bottom, and gap starts overflow; Make water seepage flow a period of time, until waterflow stabilization and start after bubble emptying test;
6) give pervious concrete test specimen upper and lower surface indirect current pressure U simultaneously, and measure the electric current I by test specimen upper and lower surface by the multimeter of online record, utilize R=U/I, obtain test specimen resistance R, calculate corresponding resistivity λ.
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| CN201310391412.8A CN103439237B (en) | 2013-08-30 | 2013-08-30 | Blocking test device and method for water-permeable concrete pile in piping soil foundation |
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| CN103439237B true CN103439237B (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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| CN109164033B (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2020-12-22 | 浙江水利水电学院 | Method for acquiring hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil based on resistivity method |
| CN110487699B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2022-03-22 | 淮阴工学院 | Testing device and testing method for permeability coefficient of pervious concrete |
| CN111077054B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2022-05-27 | 北京林业大学 | Soil water permeability pore measuring device and using method thereof |
| CN115855769A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-03-28 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Testing device for simulating concrete blocking mechanism and using method thereof |
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| CN202433284U (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2012-09-12 | 新疆水利水电科学研究院 | Osmotic coefficient testing device for concrete |
| CN203414389U (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2014-01-29 | 山东大学 | Test device for permeable coagulation pile plugging in piping soil foundation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU706749A1 (en) * | 1978-06-19 | 1979-12-30 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательский Институт Гидротехники И Мелиорации Им. А.Н.Костякова | Apparatus for determining water permeability of concrete specimens |
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