CN106294973B - A kind of mixing proportion design method of celluar concrete - Google Patents
A kind of mixing proportion design method of celluar concrete Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of celluar concrete mix-design, carry out aggregate grading design using step filling test, to obtain with the celluar concrete for stablizing skeleton structure.Using mixing proportion design method of the present invention, it can obtain that interconnected pore rate is controllable, the porous concrete material of technology (road use, mechanics) superior performance, it is easy to operate, it is suitable for being widely popularized.Effective control to celluar concrete interconnected pore rate can be achieved in the present invention, improves the pavement performance of celluar concrete, easy to operate, is suitble to wide popularization and application.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to civil engineering applied technical fields, are related to a kind of celluar concrete mixing proportion design method.
[background technique]
China has a vast territory, and weather multiplicity, north of china in winter accumulated snow, freezing phenomena are common；Southern summer is rainy, surface gathered water
It happens occasionally with urban waterlogging, this climatic characteristic makes China all easily cause ponding (or accumulated snow melt water) in China
By seeping under surface layer hole to pavement structure.It will be to entire road knot if cannot be discharged in time into the water in pavement structure
Structure generates serious harm.Water in pavement structure is soaked each structure sheaf and subgrade soils, causes under sub-surface and subgrade strength
Drop；Intrapore Free water is remained under the repeated action of traffic load, will form high pore water pressure and high speed pore water
Stream, causes the purt mud phenomenon of sub-surface, road surface is made to lose lower support；Winter water-ice freezes expansion and easily road is caused unevenly to freeze
It is swollen；The long-term souring of water flow easily leads to pitch and falls off, and road pavement durability generates negative influence.
Currently, China's pavement structure mainly uses the form of " bituminous pavement+semi-rigid type base ", this combination is being matched
It is in composition and division in a proportion design process to defer to thick grading principle, it is intended that prevent water flow by reducing road crust and internal hole more
Into, but actual conditions are really not so, do so not only cannot complete water shutoff, also to come into water inside road surface from
Smooth discharge causes Moisture Damage, seriously affects durability, the stability of pavement structure.Simultaneously as being made in semi-rigid material
Inorganic binder, such as the dosage of cement, lime, flyash are lower, and intensity is far not achieved using cement concrete as generation
The standard of the rigid material of table, therefore in use by the insufficient basic crack caused of the strength of materials and stability or tired
Labor phenomenon just happens occasionally.These cracks continue to develop under the action of temperature and load, finally expand to surface layer, form reflection
Crack.In addition, semi-rigid material has stronger temperature sensitivity, easily there is temperature contracting, drying shrinkage phenomenon.
Celluar concrete forms skeleton structure with the mutual embedded squeezing of coarse aggregate, and the cement slurry of certain consistency is wrapped in the table that gathers materials
Face will gather materials and be bonded to an entirety, form a kind of surface in the structure type more than honeycomb, internal interconnected pore, drainage
Energy is prominent, frost resistance is good, can adapt to the southern and northern different climatic environment in China, effectively solves asking for China road surface Moisture Damage
Topic.Meanwhile there is positive effect to the construction in " sponge city ".
China is later to the research time started of celluar concrete, not yet proposes unified mixing proportion design method at present,
Although there is scholar to propose that the mixing proportion design method of celluar concrete, the properties after concrete formation obtained in paper
Less than guarantee, therefore, it is necessary to which the mixing proportion design method to celluar concrete carries out system research.
[summary of the invention]
It is an object of the invention to solve above-mentioned the problems of the prior art, a kind of celluar concrete mix-design is provided
Method, this method can be realized to effective control of celluar concrete interconnected pore rate, improve the pavement performance of celluar concrete,
It is easy to operate, it is suitble to wide popularization and application.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention is achieved by the following scheme:
A kind of mixing proportion design method of celluar concrete, comprising the following steps:
1) inspection of raw and process materials
According to " highway engineering cement and cement concrete testing regulations " (JTG E30-2005) and " highway engineering is gathered materials examination
Test regulation " requirement of (JTG E42-2005) tests to the performance of raw materials；Wherein, raw material include cement sum aggregate
Material；
2) gradation design
Using tap density as the evaluation index for the stacking states that gather materials, step filling test is carried out, determines best mix of gathering materials
Composition and division in a proportion example；
3) test material preparation method determines
According to the design feature of celluar concrete, suitable test material preparation method is determined, including mix and stir and forming method；
5) goal porosity determines
It is practical according to accumulation test result and engineering, determine interconnected pore rate, and according to interconnected pore rate and target hole
The correlativity of rate determines goal porosity；
5) according to the calculating process of unit bodies area method and the size of objective air void, determine that each group is become a useful person in unit volume
The dosage of material；
6) influence of the controlling test parameter to specimen molding effect is comprehensively considered, determine according to actual needs under each factor
Number of levels designs orthogonal test, determines the optimal combination of three；Wherein controlling test parameter include the ratio of mud, the mixing time and
Time of vibration；
7) workability of celluar concrete is examined
The workability inspection of celluar concrete is divided into two parts: construction workability and hole state；Construction workability is examined
Consider the complexity of construction work of porous concrete, hole state considers the performance of celluar concrete technical performance；
8) celluar concrete technical performance is verified
Each size test specimen is prepared according to the regulation of JTG E30-2005, health carries out technical trial to age is provided,
Determine that can prepared celluar concrete meet actual needs, and the pass of Fitting Analysis interconnected pore rate and every technical performance
System, provides foundation for celluar concrete mix-proportion adjustment.
A further improvement of the present invention lies in that:
Specific step is as follows for step filling test in the step 2):
2-1) each shelves gather materials, and it is spare to sieve step by step；
2-2) using partial size it is maximum gather materials gather materials as first grade, what partial size took second place gather materials gathers materials as second gear, partial size
Gathering materials third is gathered materials as third gear, and so on；
2-3) first order is filled；Second gear gathered materials and is gradually filled into first grade by a certain percentage and gathers materials, according to JTG
The regulation of E42-2005 measures tap density, tap density-filling proportion relation curve is drawn, with tap density maximum point institute
Corresponding filling proportion is as best filling proportion；
2-4) second level is filled；Second gear, which is gathered materials, to be mixed first grade with best filling proportion and gathers materials, and the two collectively constitutes
Mixing is gathered materials, and third gear is gathered materials by a certain percentage, and gradually incorporation mixing is gathered materials, and is measured according to the regulation of JTG E42-2005
Tap density, draw tap density-filling proportion relation curve, using filling proportion corresponding to tap density maximum point as
Best filling proportion；
Step filling test 2-5) and so on is carried out, until determining the best filling proportion that last step gathers materials；
After the completion of 2-6) filling, every density index and voidage that measurement mixing is gathered materials.
The specific calculating process of unit bodies area method is as follows in the step 5):
Aggregate quality m in every cubic metre of celluar concretegAre as follows:
mg=0.98 ρ
The volume V of cement slurry in every cubic metre of celluar concretec+wAre as follows:
Vc+w=P'-P
That is:
mc/ρc+mw/ρw=P'-P
In formula: 0.98 is aggregate quality reduction coefficient；ρ is tap density of gathering materials；P ' is mixing aggregate void rate；P is mesh
Mark porosity；mcFor the quality of cement, ρcFor the density of cement, mwFor the quality of water, ρwFor the density of water, can pass through between the two
Ratio of mud w/c replacement.
The specific design procedure of orthogonal test is as follows in the step 6):
6-1) test influence factor, horizontal determination
Using the ratio of mud, mixing time and time of vibration as influence factor, suitable number of levels is chosen under each factor, if
Count orthogonal test；
6-2) orthogonal test table designs
According to the factor and horizontal number determined in step 6-1), selected suitable orthogonal test table；
6-3) orthogonal test solution formulation
Each factor level is corresponded into orthogonal test table, the formulation of orthogonal test scheme is completed；
6-4) determine analysis of experiments index
Molding porous concrete specimens determine orthogonal test analysis index according to actual needs；
6-5) orthogonal test analysis
To test result carry out analytic demonstration, determine each factors on test result influence power size and optimal combination and
The dosage of each component in unit volume celluar concrete.
Specific step is as follows for the measurement of interconnected pore rate in the step 8):
The length and width and height of test specimen 8-1) are measured, and calculates volume V；
8-2) test specimen of forming is soaked for 24 hours completely, to ensure that test specimen reaches water-saturated state；
8-3) test specimen for water of having satisfied is put into measuring device, weight m in the water for reading test specimen after balance degree is stablized1；
8-4) test specimen is taken out, 60 DEG C of drying in oven are put into after being swum with towel surface, drying time is for 24 hours；
After the completion of 8-5) drying, test specimen is taken out from baking oven, in the air for weighing test specimen after its temperature drops to room temperature
Weight m2；
8-6) every 3 test specimens are one group, according to formulaInterconnected pore rate is calculated, with arithmetic
Average value is test result, wherein neFor interconnected pore rate, ρwFor the density of water.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The present invention carries out aggregate grading design using step filling test, stablizes the porous of skeleton structure to obtain having
Concrete.Using mixing proportion design method of the present invention, it can obtain that interconnected pore rate is controllable, technology (road use, mechanics)
The porous concrete material of superior performance, it is easy to operate, it is suitable for being widely popularized.
[Detailed description of the invention]
Fig. 1 is stage filling result figure of gathering materials；Wherein, (a) be the first order filling as a result, (b) be the second level fill as a result,
(c) result is filled for the third level；
Fig. 2 is 150mm × 150m × 150mm test specimen interconnected pore rate-goal porosity relational graph；Wherein, (a) is
150mm × 150mm × 150mm test specimen interconnected pore rate-goal porosity relational graph (7d), (b) for 150mm × 150mm ×
150mm test specimen interconnected pore rate-goal porosity relational graph (28d)；
Fig. 3 is 100mm × 100m × 400mm test specimen interconnected pore rate-goal porosity relational graph；Wherein, (a) is anti-
Curved drawing test specimen interconnected pore rate-goal porosity relational graph (7d) (b) draws test specimen interconnected pore-goal porosity for bending resistance
Relational graph (28d) (c) is freeze proof test specimen interconnected pore rate-goal porosity relational graph (28d)；
Fig. 4 is 150mm × 150m × 300mm test specimen interconnected pore rate-goal porosity relational graph；
Fig. 5 is 150mm × 150m × 550mm test specimen interconnected pore rate-goal porosity relational graph；
Fig. 6 is celluar concrete drainage performance-interconnected pore rate relational graph；
Fig. 7 is celluar concrete anti-freezing property-interconnected pore rate relational graph；
Fig. 8 is celluar concrete compression strength-interconnected pore rate relational graph；Wherein, (a) is compression strength-intercommunicating pore
Gap rate relational graph (7d) (b) is compression strength-interconnected pore rate relational graph (28d)；
Fig. 9 is celluar concrete bending tensile strength-interconnected pore rate relational graph；Wherein, (a) is bending tensile strength-company
Logical porosity relational graph (7d) (b) is bending tensile strength-interconnected pore rate relational graph (28d)；
Figure 10 is celluar concrete pressure-proof elasticity modulus-interconnected pore rate relational graph.
[specific embodiment]
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, with hada figure to Hailaer Class I highway celluar concrete mix-design process
For the present invention will be further described in detail:
1) inspection of raw and process materials.According to JTG E42-2005 and JTG E30-2005 to every skill of coarse aggregate used and cement
Art performance is tested, and inspection result is as shown in table 1, table 2 and table 3.
1 coarse aggregate service check result summary sheet of table
2 chemistry of cement composition analysis result summary sheet of table
3 cement physical index inspection result summary sheet of table
Testing result, which shows to gather materials, is able to satisfy national requirements with the properties of cement, can be used for testing.
2) gradation design.
First order filling.It is to gather materials as first grade gathering materials for 19~26.5mm using nominal maximum particle diameter, 16~19mm's
Gathering materials and gathers materials as second gear, second gear, which gathered materials, to be gradually filled into first grade by different proportion and gathers materials, after mixing, point
The tap density for mixing and gathering materials under each mixture proportion is not measured, takes the corresponding filling proportion of the maximum as best filling proportion.
Specific operation process is as follows: taking the 14kg that gathers materials of 19~26.5mm, 16~19mm's gathers materials with 5% stride from 15%~35%
It gradually fills wherein, tap density is measured after uniform mixing, as a result as shown in Fig. 1 (a).
Second level filling.By the collection for the 16~19mm for being 25% with volume that gathers materials that nominal maximum particle diameter is 19~26.5mm
Material mixing is gathered materials as third gear the gathering materials of 13.2~16mm and is gradually filled into during mixing gathers materials by different proportion, uniform mixing
Afterwards, the tap density gathered materials under each mixture proportion is measured respectively, equally takes the corresponding filling proportion of the maximum as best filling
Ratio.Specific operation process is as follows: taking 19~26.5mm and volume is the total 15kg that gathers materials of 25% 16~19mm, 13.2~
Gathering materials for 16mm is gradually filled wherein with 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% ratio respectively, and jolt ramming is measured after uniform mixing
Density, as a result as shown in Fig. 1 (b).
Third level filling.The third level is filled with last time and fills, and operating procedure is identical as preceding two-stage filling.Concrete operations
Method are as follows: by nominal maximum particle diameter is 19~26.5mm, volume is 25% 16~19mm and volume are 20% 13.2~
The total 21kg composition mixing of gathering materials of 16mm is gathered materials, and gathering materials for 9.5~13.2mm is gathered materials as fourth speed with 5% stride, from
10%~30% is successively filled, shown in test result such as Fig. 1 (c).
To sum up, available each shelves gather materials the characteristic index that ratio and mixing shared in mixing is gathered materials are gathered materials, such as table
4, shown in table 5.
4 celluar concrete gradation table of table
1) test material preparation method determines.Porous concrete specimens preparation point mixes and stirs, forms and three steps of health.
(1) mixing method
The common mixing method of concrete can be divided into a feeding method and secondary batching method two major classes, and secondary batching method again may be used
It is divided into premixing cement bonded sand slurry processes and cement wraps up in two kinds of sand feeding method.
Feeding method, i.e., by cement, gather materials, the raw material such as sand, outer-penetrating agent pour into blender together, after mixing evenly
Add water, add and continue to mix and stir after the completion of water, this method operating process is simple, use scope is wide and JTG E30-2005 in push away
The mixing method recommended.
Premixing cement bonded sand slurry processes, i.e., first stir evenly cement, sand, water, adds to gather materials after formation cement mortar and mix and stir
At uniform concrete.This method can be improved concrete strength 15% or so compared with a feeding method.
Cement wraps up in sand feeding method, i.e., first pours into part water and sand in blender, has been mixing uniformly to form certain aqueous
The damp sand of rate (generally 15%~20%)；It is then added and gathers materials, and will gather materials and damp sand uniform mixing；Cement, stirring is added
Cement will form the cement slurry shell of one layer of low water-cement ratio on sandstone surface after uniformly；It is eventually adding outer-penetrating agent and remaining water and stirs
It mixes uniformly.This method can be improved concrete strength 20%~30% compared with a feeding method, but operating process is relatively complicated.Due to
There is no sand in the composition material of celluar concrete, therefore this method is not suitable for celluar concrete.
The obvious simplicity of the operating process of feeding method has research data to show with regard to celluar concrete in other methods
For material, the concrete made of a feeding method mixes and stirs has better hole state.In view of the above two o'clock, this examination
It tests and middle selects a feeding method as mixing method.It should be noted that considering the particularity of porous concrete structure, mix and stir
Time should be determined by test.
(2) forming method
Celluar concrete is a kind of material between cement open gradation stabilization gravel and normal concrete, therefore can be
Suitable method is selected to form in the common forming method of stabilized with inorganic binder material and normal concrete.It can be used for porous mixed
The method of solidifying soil specimen molding is as shown in table 6.
Table 6 often uses forming method table
In above method, easily there is a situation where aggregate crushers in forming process for vibratory drilling method and static pressure method, to porous coagulation
The formation of soil skeleton structure is unfavorable, therefore not applicable；The internal vibration stick method of forming requires testing crew can be skillfully using insertion
Otherwise over vibration or leakage easily occur for formula vibrating spear；In operation, Ying Jinliang avoids vibrating spear from contacting with die trial, so as not to it is right
Die trial causes to damage and influence subsequent use.So the case where internal vibration stick method has been more suitable for professional's operation；People
Work molding is affected by human factors greatly, therefore the performance of institute's shaping test piece has discreteness.For celluar concrete, due to material
Containing a large amount of coarse aggregates in composition, the discreteness of itself is larger, therefore should select the lesser forming method of interference from human factor, and
Test specimen quantity needed for this test is more, and old friend's work method of forming is equally not applicable.
Standard vibration machine, especially suspended type vibration platform are the common instruments of laboratory, it can be generated, and waveform is regular, shakes
The uniform sine wave of width.With the help of fixture, die trial directional vertical vibration synchronous with shake table can be realized.Standard vibration
Platform generally uses switch control, easy to operate, and noise is small, can effectively reduce the influence of human factor, therefore this test uses
The method shaping test piece.It should be noted that not being distinctly claimed in JTG E30-2005 for time of vibration, consider simultaneously
The special design feature of celluar concrete, time of vibration need to be determined by pre-trial.
4) goal porosity determines.According to the fill characteristic that mixing is gathered materials, the goal porosity of celluar concrete is determined
It is 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%.
5) mix calculation.The purpose of celluar concrete mix-design is according to Known designs parameter, by calculating, in fact
Now to effective control of test specimen after molding (connection) porosity.Known parameters have: mixing aggregate void rate P ', tap density ρ
(1.746g/cm3), goal porosity P, aggregate quality reduction coefficient (0.98), cement density ρc(3.15g/cm3) etc., using list
Position volumetric method calculates the match ratio of celluar concrete.Calculation formula is as follows:
Aggregate quality in every cubic metre of celluar concrete are as follows:
mg=0.98 ρ
The volume of cement slurry in every cubic metre of celluar concrete are as follows:
Vc+w=P'-P
That is:
mc/ρc+mw/ρw=P'-P
As can be seen that unit volume is porous mixed under the premise of mixing aggregate void rate V is determined from the above calculating process
Grout volume is the value of one with goal porosity P negative correlation in solidifying soil, after objective air void determines, unit volume coagulation
The volume of cement slurry used in soil also determines therewith.Therefore, the ratio shared by cement and water are respectively in cement slurry, i.e. water need to only be determined
The various quality for calculating separately each constituent in unit volume celluar concrete can be gone up after gray scale w/c.
6) comprehensively consider influence of the controlling test parameter (ratio of mud, mixing time, time of vibration) to specimen molding effect,
Number of levels under each factor determine according to actual needs designs orthogonal test, determines the optimal combination of three.
(1) influence factor, horizontal determination are tested.The ratio of mud, mixing time and time of vibration is selected to influence as three
Factor, each factor choose four levels, design orthogonal test.Orthogonal test factor level is as shown in table 7.
7 orthogonal test factor level table of table
(2) orthogonal test table designs.According to selected factor and level, the orthogonal test table of test is determined,
As shown in table 8.
8 orthogonal test table of table
(3) orthogonal test solution formulation.Each factor level is corresponded into orthogonal test table, orthogonal test side is completed
The formulation of case, as shown in table 9.
9 orthogonal test scheme table of table
(4) analysis of experiments index is determined.In order to accurately obtain the test for being suitable for each goal porosity celluar concrete
Control parameter selects maximum (goal porosity 15%) celluar concrete of cement consumption as subjects, calculates cooperation
Than, test, and using 7d compression strength as analysis of experiments index, concrete outcome is shown in Table 10.
10 orthogonal experiments analytical table of table
(5) range analysis.Range analysis is that the basic skills of each factor optimal combination is determined in orthogonal test, it can be true
The influence of fixed each factors on test result is horizontal, and obtains Optimum combinational scheme.Analysis the results are shown in Table 11.
11 range analysis of orthogonal experiment table of table
In table: Ij~IVj- jth arranges the sum of numerical value of test index corresponding to each level；
KjThe number that-jth column same level occurs is equal to test number (TN) n (n=16)/jth column number of levels；
Ⅰj/kj~IVj/kj- jth arranges the average value of test index corresponding to each level；
Dj- jth arranges the difference of the maxima and minima in average value corresponding to each level.
It is found by range analysis, each factors on test indicators influences horizontal are as follows: factor A (ratio of mud) is maximum, factor B
(mixing time) takes second place, and factor C (time of vibration) is minimum.Preferred plan group is combined into A3B3C3, i.e. the ratio of mud, mixing time, vibration
Institute's molding test specimen best performance when time is respectively 0.26,40s, 30s.
According to orthogonal experiments, the quality of each constituent in unit volume celluar concrete can be calculated to obtain, is specifically set
It is as shown in table 12 to count result.
12 celluar concrete mix-design result summary sheet (every cubic metre) of table
7) celluar concrete workability is examined.
The Evaluation on Workability of celluar concrete should be divided into two aspects:
(1) interstitial vacancy state.Intact hole is the premise that celluar concrete is made the most of the advantage, by calculate and controlling test,
It is required that molding test specimen is in honeycomb, i.e. hole should be distributed in entire test specimen, and there can be no slurries to be deposited on the blocking of test specimen bottom
The phenomenon that hole.If slurry illustrates undesirable mix-design result or vibration, mixing time discomfort in test specimen bottom deposit
Preferably, it should be adjusted, until reaching requirement；
(2) construction workability.Mixed concrete layering is fitted into regulation container and is successively consolidated, then falls container
It sets on glass or steel plate, it is desirable that glass (steel) plate is wet but does not drip.Celluar concrete workability Condition evaluation such as 13 institute of table
Show.Newly mixing celluar concrete reaches the requirement that grade C is just able to satisfy construction workability.
Table 13 newly mixes celluar concrete workability grading table
The Evaluation on Workability of celluar concrete, which is divided into, mixes and stirs rear and latter two stage of molding, it is necessary to while meeting two above
Condition just can determine that its workability reaches requirement.It is verified, according to the celluar concrete energy of the determining match ratio institute mixing of test
The phenomenon that enough reaching the requirement of grade C, and depositing blocking test specimen hole without cement slurry after forming.
8) relationship analysis of interconnected pore rate and goal porosity.Having a size of 150mm × 150mm × 150mm test specimen
For, according to the regulation shaping test piece of JTG E30-2005 and health is to age is provided, measures according to method described in step 8)
Interconnected pore rate, test result are as shown in table 14.
14 150mm of table × 150mm × 150mm test specimen interconnected pore rate test result
Interconnected pore rate and goal porosity having a size of 150mm × 150mm × 150mm test specimen can be drawn according to table 14
Relational graph, as shown in Figure 2.Fit correlation between the two is as follows.
7d age: ne1=0.956P+1.809 (R2=0.991)
28d age: ne2=0.991P+2.341 (R2=0.991)
Similarly, other sizes, the interconnected pore rate of age porous concrete specimens can be measured respectively, as shown in Table 15.
15 interconnected pore rate test result of table
Note: having a size of 100mm × 100mm × 400mm in table 15, the test specimen that age is 28d is respectively used to bending resistance and draws by force
Degree and antifreezing test, therefore there are two rate test results in interconnected pore corresponding to each goal porosity.
Each size, the interconnected pore rate and goal porosity relational graph of each age test specimen can be drawn according to table 15, as Fig. 3,
Shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5.Fit correlation between the two is as shown in table 16.
16 interconnected pore rate of table and goal porosity fit correlation table
By the above Fitting Analysis it is found that meeting between the interconnected pore rate and goal porosity of celluar concrete linear logical
Formula, wherein the value range of k value is that the value range of 0.9~1.1, b value is 0.5~2.5.
Y=kx+b
In formula: y-dependent variable, i.e. interconnected pore rate (%)；
X-independent variable, i.e. goal porosity (%)；
K-Monomial coefficient；
B-constant term.
In conclusion meeting the linear pass of good relationship between the interconnected pore rate and goal porosity of celluar concrete
System, it is unrelated with age, sample dimensions, and k value and b are worth value range relatively more fixed, it can be according to this as a result, in match ratio
Interconnected pore rate is predicted by goal porosity in design.
9) celluar concrete technology (road use, mechanics) performance verification.
(1) pavement performance
1. drainage performance.Using self-control Load materials drainage performance tester, different road surface transverse slopes are simulated, are tested porous
The transverse drainage performance of concrete.
2. anti-freezing property.According to the regulation of JTG E30-2005, existed using the fast full water test specimen of method test celluar concrete that freezes
Anti-freezing property under the unfavorable conditions such as immersion, fast freeze-thaw.Pavement performance test result is as shown in table 17.
17 celluar concrete pavement performance test result of table
Pavement performance and interconnected pore rate relational graph can be drawn according to table 17, as shown in Figure 6, Figure 7.Fitting between the two is closed
System is as follows.
The relationship of drainage performance and interconnected pore rate: road surface transverse slope 2%:
K2%=2 × 10-5ne 3.7649(R2=0.8393)
Road surface transverse slope 3%:
K3%=2 × 10-5ne 3.6741(R2=0.8632)
Road surface transverse slope 4%:
K4%=3 × 10-5ne 3.6296(R2=0.8619)
The relationship of anti-freezing property and interconnected pore rate:
Y=-3.312ne+117.7(R2=0.981)
By analyze above it is found that drain, the pavement performance of the freeze proof celluar concrete for representative communicate therewith hole
There are good functional relations between rate, unrelated with sample dimensions and age, can be pre- by interconnected pore rate in Practical Project
Survey the pavement performance of celluar concrete.
(2) mechanical property
According to the regulation of JTG E30-2005, the mechanical property of celluar concrete is measured, including compression strength, bending resistance are drawn by force
Degree and pressure-proof elasticity modulus, test result is as shown in table 18, table 19 and table 20.
18 celluar concrete compressive strength test result of table
19 celluar concrete bending tensile strength test result of table
20 celluar concrete pressure-proof elasticity modulus test result of table
Mechanical property and interconnected pore rate relational graph can be drawn according to above tables, as shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10.The two
Between fit correlation it is as follows.
Compression strength: fCp, 7=-0.423ne+14.81(R2=0.952)
fCp, 28=-0.573ne+21.30(R2=0.962)
Bending tensile strength: fF, 7=-0.062ne+2.11(R2=0.995)
ff,28=-0.08ne+2.818(R2=0.965)
Pressure-proof elasticity modulus: Ec=-497.29ne+23989(R2=0.9394)
The above content is merely illustrative of the invention's technical idea, and this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention, all to press
According to technical idea proposed by the present invention, any changes made on the basis of the technical scheme each falls within claims of the present invention
Protection scope within.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of mixing proportion design method of celluar concrete, which comprises the following steps:
1) inspection of raw and process materials
According to the requirement of " highway engineering cement and cement concrete testing regulations " and " highway engineering gather materials testing regulations " to institute
It is tested with the performance of raw material；Wherein, raw material include cement and gather materials；
2) gradation design
Using tap density as the evaluation index for the stacking states that gather materials, step filling test is carried out, determines the optimum mixture ratio that gathers materials
Example；Specific step is as follows for step filling test:
2-1) each shelves gather materials, and it is spare to sieve step by step；
2-2) using partial size it is maximum gather materials gather materials as first grade, what partial size took second place gather materials gathers materials as second gear, and partial size is again
Gather materials and gather materials as third gear, and so on；
2-3) first order is filled；Second gear gathered materials and is gradually filled into first grade by a certain percentage and gathers materials, according to JTG E42-
2005 regulation measures tap density, tap density-filling proportion relation curve is drawn, corresponding to tap density maximum point
Filling proportion as best filling proportion；
2-4) second level is filled；Second gear, which is gathered materials, to be mixed first grade with best filling proportion and gathers materials, and the two collectively constitutes mixing
Gather materials, third gear is gathered materials by a certain percentage, and gradually incorporation mixing is gathered materials, and measures jolt ramming according to the regulation of JTG E42-2005
Density draws tap density-filling proportion relation curve, using filling proportion corresponding to tap density maximum point as most preferably
Filling proportion；
Step filling test 2-5) and so on is carried out, until determining the best filling proportion that last step gathers materials；
After the completion of 2-6) filling, every density index and voidage that measurement mixing is gathered materials；
3) test material preparation method determines
According to the design feature of celluar concrete, test material preparation method is determined, including mix and stir and forming method；
Mixing method use a feeding method, by cement, gather materials, sand, outer-penetrating agent and other raw material pour into blender together,
After mixing evenly plus water, add and continue to mix and stir after the completion of water；
Forming method uses the molding method of standard vibration machine, it is contemplated that the special design feature of celluar concrete, time of vibration
It is determined by pre-trial；
4) goal porosity determines
It is practical according to accumulation test result and engineering, determine interconnected pore rate, and according to interconnected pore rate and goal porosity
Correlativity determines goal porosity；
5) according to the calculating process of unit bodies area method and the size of objective air void, each composition material in unit volume is determined
Dosage；
6) comprehensively consider influence of the controlling test parameter to specimen molding effect, determine according to actual needs the level under each factor
Number designs orthogonal test, determines the optimal combination of three；Wherein controlling test parameter includes the ratio of mud, mixing time and vibration
Time；The specific design procedure of orthogonal test is as follows:
6-1) test influence factor, horizontal determination
Using the ratio of mud, mixing time and time of vibration as influence factor, the number of levels under each factor determine according to actual needs,
Design orthogonal test；
6-2) orthogonal test table designs
According to the factor and horizontal number determined in step 6-1), selected suitable orthogonal test table；
6-3) orthogonal test solution formulation
Each factor level is corresponded into orthogonal test table, the formulation of orthogonal test scheme is completed；
6-4) determine analysis of experiments index
Molding porous concrete specimens determine orthogonal test analysis index according to actual needs；
6-5) orthogonal test analysis
Analytic demonstration is carried out to test result, determine the size of each factors on test result influence power and optimal combination and obtains list
The dosage of each component in the volume porous concrete of position；
7) workability of celluar concrete is examined
The workability inspection of celluar concrete is divided into two parts: construction workability and hole state；Construction workability considers more
The complexity of hole concrete construction, hole state consider the performance of celluar concrete technical performance；
8) celluar concrete technical performance is verified
Each size test specimen is prepared according to the regulation of JTG E30-2005, health carries out technical trial to age is provided, determines
Can prepared celluar concrete meet actual needs, and the relationship of Fitting Analysis interconnected pore rate and every technical performance,
Foundation is provided for celluar concrete mix-proportion adjustment.
2. the mixing proportion design method of celluar concrete according to claim 1, which is characterized in that single in the step 5)
The specific calculating process of position volumetric method is as follows:
Aggregate quality m in every cubic metre of celluar concretegAre as follows:
mg=0.98 ρ
The volume V of cement slurry in every cubic metre of celluar concretec+wAre as follows:
Vc+w=P'-P
That is:
mc/ρc+mw/ρw=P'-P
In formula: 0.98 is aggregate quality reduction coefficient；ρ is tap density of gathering materials；P ' is mixing aggregate void rate；P is target hole
Gap rate；mcFor the quality of cement, ρcFor the density of cement, mwFor the quality of water, ρwFor the density of water, pass through the ratio of mud between the two
W/c replacement.
3. the mixing proportion design method of celluar concrete according to claim 1, which is characterized in that connect in the step 8)
Specific step is as follows for logical porosity measurement:
The length and width and height of test specimen 8-1) are measured, and calculates volume V；
8-2) test specimen of forming is soaked for 24 hours completely, to ensure that test specimen reaches water-saturated state；
8-3) test specimen for water of having satisfied is put into measuring device, weight m in the water for reading test specimen after balance degree is stablized1；
8-4) test specimen is taken out, 60 DEG C of drying in oven are put into after being swum with towel surface, drying time is for 24 hours；
After the completion of 8-5) drying, test specimen is taken out from baking oven, weight m in the air for weighing test specimen after its temperature drops to room temperature2；
8-6) every 3 test specimens are one group, according to formulaInterconnected pore rate is calculated, with arithmetic average
Value is test result, wherein neFor interconnected pore rate, ρwFor the density of water.
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