CN110174340B - Method and device for testing layered porosity of solid porous material - Google Patents
Method and device for testing layered porosity of solid porous material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110174340B CN110174340B CN201910467863.2A CN201910467863A CN110174340B CN 110174340 B CN110174340 B CN 110174340B CN 201910467863 A CN201910467863 A CN 201910467863A CN 110174340 B CN110174340 B CN 110174340B
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
- G01N15/0893—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry by measuring weight or volume of sorbed fluid, e.g. B.E.T. method
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Abstract
Method and device for testing layered porosity of solid porous materialThe method comprises the following steps: pretreating a sample; calculating the volume of each layer of the sample, wherein the volume of the nth layer is vn(ii) a Detecting the mass of the sample when the pore of each layer of the sample is filled with water, wherein the mass of the sample when the pore of the nth layer is filled with water is mnMass of the sample when not filled with water is mn‑1Density of water is rhoWater (W)(ii) a Calculating the porosity rho of the nth layer of the sample according to a formulan：
The method can measure the whole porosity of the solid porous material sample and the layered distribution of the internal porosity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material technical detection, in particular to a method and a device for testing the layered porosity of a solid porous material.
Background
The method for measuring the porosity at home and abroad can be divided into two types according to the principle: volumetric and gravimetric. The measurement of the volume method uses a Corelok vacuum densitometer in the United states, and the method has the advantages of more accurate measurement structure, higher cost and more complex operation; the gravimetric method is based on the buoyancy principle, and can calculate the porosity of a test piece through the change of a numerical value on an electronic balance, and the method is simple and is generally used for rapidly measuring the porosity of a sample in a laboratory. Both methods can only measure the bulk porosity of a sample of solid porous material, but cannot give specific data on its internal porosity hierarchical distribution.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method and a device for testing the layered porosity of a solid porous material, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for testing the layered porosity of a solid porous material is characterized by comprising the following steps: pretreating a sample; calculating the volume of each layer of the sample, wherein the volume of the nth layerIs v isn(ii) a Detecting the mass of the sample when the pore of each layer of the sample is filled with water, wherein the mass of the sample when the pore of the nth layer is filled with water is mnMass of the sample when not filled with water is mn-1(ii) a Calculating the porosity rho of the nth layer of the sample according to a formulanWherein the density of water is rhoWater (W)：
Further, the pretreatment of the sample comprises sample drying and sample shaping.
Further, the sample is shaped into a column with a constant cross section.
Further, the shaped sample is one of a cuboid, a cube or a cylinder.
Further, the layer height and the sectional area of each layer of the sample were measured, and the volume of the n-th layer was vnSectional area x layer height.
An apparatus for testing the porosity of the solid porous material layers comprises a testing platform, a weight measuring device and a control device; the test platform comprises a bottom platform, two lifting frames vertically arranged at two sides of the bottom platform and a lifting platform capable of moving up and down on the two lifting frames, and the control device is connected with the lifting platform and can accurately control the displacement and the displacement speed of the lifting platform; the weight measuring device comprises an electronic scale, an upper hanging basket, a lower hanging basket and a water container provided with a drain pipe, wherein the water container is placed on the bottom platform, the electronic scale is placed on the lifting platform, the upper hanging basket is placed on the electronic scale, and the lower hanging basket is connected with the upper hanging basket in a balanced mode through a hanging piece.
Furthermore, the control device comprises two lead screw nut pairs respectively arranged on the two lifting frames and a motor connected with a lead screw of one of the lead screw nut pairs, lead screws of the two lead screw nut pairs are connected through a synchronous belt, and the lifting platform is arranged on nuts of the two lead screw nut pairs.
Further, the control device also comprises a controller electrically connected with the motor, and the controller is used for controlling the displacement and the displacement speed of the lifting platform.
Further, the moving speed of the lifting platform is 1-12 mm/min.
Has the advantages that:
the method can measure the whole porosity of the solid porous material sample and the internal porosity distribution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a method of testing the layered porosity of a solid state porous material according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic overall view of an apparatus for testing the porosity of a solid porous material layer according to the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a sample 1, a bottom platform 2, a lifting frame 3, a lifting platform 4, an electronic scale 5, an upper hanging basket 6, a lower hanging basket 7, a water container 8, a water discharging pipe 9, a lifting hook 10, a hanging wire 11, a screw-nut pair 12, a motor 13 and a synchronous belt 14.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a method for testing the porosity of a solid porous material layer; in the figure, the testing method comprises the following steps 101-104:
in step 101, a sample 1 is pretreated, wherein the pretreatment of the sample 1 includes sample drying and sample shaping.
According to the humidity of the sample 1, the sample 1 is dried, and the measurement error caused when the sample 1 is immersed in water is prevented. In order to conveniently calculate the volume, the sample 1 is required to be molded into a cylinder with equal cross section, such as a cuboid, a cube or a cylinder, which can be used for directly measuring and calculating the volume. In this example, a rectangular parallelepiped sample 1 having a length L, a width W and a height H was cut out by a precision instrument.
In step 102, the sample height of the nth layer is calculated as h and the volume of the nth layer sample 1 is calculated as vn＝L×W×h。
In step 103, detecting the quality of the sample after the pore of each layer of the sample 1 is filled with water; specifically, the original mass of the test sample is m0And then setting the displacement and the displacement speed of the lifting platform, accurately controlling the 1 st layer of the sample to move downwards at a constant speed to be immersed in water, so that the water can fill the pores on the 1 st layer of the sample, and measuring the mass of the sample at the moment to be m1(ii) a Moving the 2 nd layer, the 3 rd layer and the n th layer of the sample downwards at constant speed to be immersed in water, and correspondingly measuring the mass of the sample when the pore is filled with water to be m2、m3……mn。
In step 104, the porosity ρ of the nth layer of sample 1 is calculated according to the formulan：
Wherein: rhon-sample nth layer delamination porosity,%;
mn-the mass of the sample, g, measured after immersion of the nth layer in water;
mn-1-the mass of the sample, g, measured before the nth layer is immersed in water;
ρwater (W)Density of water, g/cm3；
vnGeometric volume of layer n sample, cm3。
FIG. 2 shows an apparatus for testing the porosity of a solid porous material layer; in the figure, the test apparatus comprises a test platform, a weight measuring device and a control device; the test platform comprises a bottom platform 2, two lifting frames 3 vertically arranged at two sides of the bottom platform 2, and a lifting platform 4 capable of moving up and down on the two lifting frames 3; the control device is connected with the lifting platform 4 and can accurately control the displacement and the displacement speed of the lifting platform 4 moving up and down; the weight measuring device comprises an electronic scale 5, an upper hanging basket 6, a lower hanging basket 7 and a water container 8 with a drain pipe 9, wherein the water container 8 is placed on the bottom platform 2, the electronic scale 5 is placed on the lifting platform 4, the upper hanging basket 6 is placed on the electronic scale 5, and the lower hanging basket 7 is connected with the upper hanging basket 6 in a balanced manner through a hanging piece, so that the upper surface of the lower hanging basket 7 is horizontal and is flush with the lower edge of the drain pipe 9. In this embodiment, the suspension member includes a hook 10 and a suspension wire 11; the lifting hooks 10 are arranged at the positions corresponding to the two sides of the upper hanging basket 6 and the lower hanging basket 7, and the lifting hooks 10 on the same side are connected through the lifting wires 11. It will be appreciated, however, that different weighing apparatus may be used to weigh the sample or a similar facility to that used to house the sample may be used.
In fig. 2, the control device comprises two lead screw nut pairs 12 respectively arranged on the two lifting frames 3, a motor 13 connected with a lead screw of one of the lead screw nut pairs 12 and a controller electrically connected with the motor 13, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the lead screw nut pair 12 are fixed through a shaft hole fixedly arranged on the lifting frame 3; the lower end of a screw rod of the right screw rod nut pair 12 is connected with a shaft of a motor 13, screw rods of the two screw rod nut pairs 12 are connected through a synchronous belt 14, and the lifting platform 4 is fixedly arranged on nuts of the two screw rod nut pairs 12; the controller is used for controlling the displacement amount and the displacement speed of the lifting platform 4. When the motor 13 rotates, the motor 13 drives the screw rod on the right side to rotate, and under the action of the synchronous belt 14, the screw rod on the left side synchronously rotates, so that the screw caps of the screw rod nut pairs 12 on the two sides synchronously move, and the lifting platform 4 can move up and down on the lifting frame 3.
In one embodiment, the front side of the bottom platform 2 is provided with a speed regulating knob for controlling the displacement speed of the lifting platform 4 and a distance regulating knob for controlling the displacement; the displacement speed of the lifting platform 4 is set within the range of 1-12 mm/min. The input set values of the speed regulation knob and the distance regulation knob are adjusted, the input signals are transmitted to the controller, and the controller controls the rotating speed and the running time of the motor 13, so that the displacement and the displacement speed of the lifting platform 4 are accurately controlled through the speed and the distance of the nut displacement of the screw-nut pair 12.
In another embodiment, the control device further comprises a wireless remote controller capable of communicating with the controller, and the wireless remote controller is provided with a speed adjusting knob for controlling the displacement speed of the lifting platform 4 and a distance adjusting knob for controlling the displacement, so as to accurately control the displacement and the displacement speed of the lifting platform 4.
In addition, the test platform can also be a universal testing machine for a laboratory, wherein the electronic scale 5 is placed on a lifting beam of the universal testing machine, and the water container 8 is placed on a base of the universal testing machine.
In actual test, different solid porous materials have different speeds of filling the pores with water, and the pores can be fully filled with water by adjusting the descending speed of the lifting platform 4; the descending speed of the lifting platform 4 is adjusted according to the stability of the actual measurement data, the measurement can be carried out according to three conditions of V, V/2 and 2V of the descending speed of the lifting platform 4, and the descending speed of the lifting platform 4 is determined through multiple iterations, wherein the initial value of V is 6 mm/min.
Taking a cuboid sample 1 as an example, the steps of utilizing the testing device to test the layered porosity of the solid porous material are as follows:
(1) a solid porous material is made into a cuboid sample 1, and the volume of each layer of the sample to be detected is calculated as vn；
(2) Placing an electronic scale 5 on the lifting platform 4, and adjusting a screw knob of the electronic scale 5 to ensure that the electronic scale is in a horizontal state;
(3) placing the water container 8 on the bottom platform 2, slowly adding water into the water container 8 until a small amount of water overflows from the drain pipe 9, and standing to keep the water surface stable;
(4) placing an upper hanging basket 6 on an electronic scale 5, resetting the numerical value of the electronic scale 5 at the moment, and connecting the upper hanging basket 6 with a lower hanging basket 7 through a lifting hook 10 and a suspension wire 11 to ensure that the lower hanging basket 7 is in a horizontal state; placing the sample 1 on a lower hanging basket 7, adjusting the position of a lifting platform 4 to ensure that the bottom of the sample 1 is just contacted with the water surface, and reading the electronic scale 5 to be m0；
(5) The set values of the speed regulating knob and the distance regulating knob are adjusted, the descending speed of the lifting platform 4 is set to be V, the descending distance is set to be h, the layer 1 of the sample 1 can be completely immersed in water, and the overflowed water is discharged through the water discharge pipe 9When the reading of the electronic scale 5 is stable, the reading of the electronic scale 5 is m1；
(6) Repeating the step (5), respectively immersing the layer 2, the layer 3 to the layer n of the sample 1 into water, and respectively measuring the mass m of the sample when the pore is filled with the correspondingly detected water2、m3……mn。
(7) The porosity ρ of the n-th layer of sample 1 was calculated according to the formulan：
Claims (6)
1. A method for testing the layered porosity of a solid porous material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pretreating a sample, wherein the pretreatment comprises sample drying and sample shaping, and the shape of the sample shaping is a constant-section cylinder;
calculating the volume of each layer of the sample, wherein the volume of the nth layer is
；
Detecting the quality of the sample when the pore of each layer of the sample is filled with water, wherein the quality of the sample when the pore of the nth layer is filled with water is
The mass of the sample when not filled with water was
；
Calculating the porosity of the nth layer of the sample according to a formula
Wherein the density of the water is
：
The instrument for detecting the quality of the sample when the pores of each layer of the sample are filled with water comprises a test platform, a weight measuring device and a control device; the test platform comprises a bottom platform, two lifting frames vertically arranged at two sides of the bottom platform and a lifting platform capable of moving up and down on the two lifting frames, and the control device is connected with the lifting platform and can accurately control the displacement and the displacement speed of the lifting platform; the weight measuring device comprises an electronic scale, an upper hanging basket, a lower hanging basket and a water container provided with a drain pipe, wherein the water container is placed on the bottom platform, the electronic scale is placed on the lifting platform, the upper hanging basket is placed on the electronic scale, and the lower hanging basket is connected with the upper hanging basket in a balanced mode through a hanging piece.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the shaped sample is in the shape of a cuboid or cylinder.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the layer height and cross-sectional area of each layer of the sample are measured, and the volume of the nth layer is
。
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control device comprises two lead screw nut pairs respectively arranged on the two lifting frames and a motor connected with a lead screw of one of the lead screw nut pairs, the lead screws of the two lead screw nut pairs are connected through a synchronous belt, and the lifting platform is arranged on the nuts of the two lead screw nut pairs.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the control device further comprises a controller electrically connected to the motor for controlling the amount and speed of displacement of the lift platform.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the displacement speed of the lifting platform is 1-12 mm/min.
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| CN205826474U (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-12-21 | 张目清 | Cup type weight-method steam transmittance test device |
| CN107389532A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-11-24 | 贵州省交通规划勘察设计研究院股份有限公司 | A kind of experimental rig and method for being used to test porous engineering material space distribution characteristics |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN205826474U (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-12-21 | 张目清 | Cup type weight-method steam transmittance test device |
| CN107389532A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-11-24 | 贵州省交通规划勘察设计研究院股份有限公司 | A kind of experimental rig and method for being used to test porous engineering material space distribution characteristics |
| CN107643243A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-30 | 三峡大学 | The measure device and method of pervious concrete porosity distribution |
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