CN113557119A - 用于在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件与金属组件之间制造接合连接的方法 - Google Patents

用于在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件与金属组件之间制造接合连接的方法 Download PDF

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CN113557119A
CN113557119A CN202080020152.1A CN202080020152A CN113557119A CN 113557119 A CN113557119 A CN 113557119A CN 202080020152 A CN202080020152 A CN 202080020152A CN 113557119 A CN113557119 A CN 113557119A
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component
plastic
metal component
plastic component
microstructure
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M·拉肯布林克
J·D·文策尔
T·威斯
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Hella GmbH and Co KGaA
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/22—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns
    • B29C66/227—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns being in the form of repetitive interlocking undercuts, e.g. in the form of puzzle cuts
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在车辆的照明装置的在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件(1)与金属组件(2)之间制造接合连接的方法，其中，所述方法至少包括如下步骤：在金属组件(2)的接合面中产生微结构(10)，所述微结构(10)相对于接合面具有侧凹部；借助于热引入使塑料构件(1)的在互补的接合面的靠近表面的区域中的塑料材料软化；以压力(F)将塑料构件(1)与金属组件(2)彼此压紧，使得软化的塑料材料的一部分渗入到微结构(10)的侧凹部中；并且使塑料构件(1)的塑料材料冷却以恢复塑料构件(1)的软化的塑料材料的强度。

Description

用于在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件与金属组件之间制造接 合连接的方法
技术领域
本发明致力于一种用于在车辆的照明装置的在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件与金属组件之间制造接合连接的方法。
背景技术
由DE 10 2014 109 114 A1已知一种在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件与金属组件之间的接合复合体。为了将塑料构件与金属组件连接，示例性地示出在第一侧上的咬合钩和在对置的第二侧上的螺纹元件。该示例阐明在塑料构件与金属组件之间的通常的连接在构造用于车辆的照明装置时是耗费的并且需要多个附加构件，其中，在避免几何的形锁合连接、如咬合钩等和/或在避免螺纹元件的情况下，备选地使用粘接连接或夹紧连接。对保持元件、如弹性件等的使用也是常见的。不利地，由此产生对接合连接的耗费的构型和装配，并且通常需要多个附加构件或附加材料、如螺钉、弹性件或粘合剂等。
在如下情况下产生进一步的缺点：例如在螺纹连接或铆接的情况下产生在复合体受机械负荷时形成的点状的传导力的连接。所述连接部分地承受高载荷，并且材料、即塑料或金属可能在连接区域中经受高的局部应力。由此产生非期望的变形，特别是在公差小的情况下要避免所述变形；这也是就在光学技术上起作用的构件、如发光器件支撑件、反射器、透镜、光导体等的位置和布置而言。
由DE 10 2017 214 518 A1已知一种用于制造接合连接的方法，在所述方法中将浇注成的组件与金属的结构元件连接。在此，所述金属的结构元件必须创成式地制造、例如通过粉末床工艺、通过选择性激光烧结或选择性激光熔融来制造。所述金属的结构元件的表面具有表面结构，所述表面结构具有微型凹部，所述浇注成的组件的浇注材料可以渗入到所述微型凹部中。由此在所述金属的结构元件与所述浇注成的组件之间产生形锁合的、面状地构造的微型连接。不利的是，所提出的连接技术的适用性仅能限制性地转用，因为不是每个金属的结构元件都能以创成式的工艺制造、特别是出于成本原因而不能，并且此外在结构元件与浇注成的组件之间不形成形锁合的情况下，对该方法的进一步延伸的应用也是未知的。在此，各接合组件是形锁合地彼此交融地接合的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于改善用于在车辆的照明装置的在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件与金属组件之间制造接合连接的方法。在此，所述方法应当以简单的方式实现如下接合复合体，所述接合复合体能机械地承受高载荷、尽可能气密和液密并且在塑料构件和/或在金属组件中不引起点状高载荷。此外值得期望的是，利用用于制造接合连接并因此制造接合复合体的所述方法能以简单的方式实现遵守小的公差，而不需要后续的调整工作。
所述目的从根据权利要求1的方法出发并且从根据权利要求11的接合复合体出发连同相应特征部分的特征来实现。本发明的有利的进一步改进方案在各从属权利要求中给出。
根据本发明的用于在车辆的照明装置的在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件与金属组件之间制造接合连接的方法提出如下步骤：在金属组件的接合面中产生微结构，其中，所述微结构相对于接合面具有侧凹部；借助于热引入使塑料构件的在互补的接合面的靠近表面的区域中的塑料材料软化；以压力将塑料构件与金属组件彼此压紧，使得软化的塑料材料的一部分渗入到微结构的侧凹部中；并且使塑料构件的塑料材料冷却以恢复塑料构件的软化的塑料材料的强度。当然，可以在实际的接合过程之前也加热金属组件，使得在建立两个接合对象的接触时在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件不会在金属组件上已经立即又冷却。
如果将根据本发明的用于在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件与金属组件之间制造接合连接的方法应用于在车辆的照明装置中的构造结构，则能够以简单的方式将大体上精密的并且要位置精确地安装的在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件、如透镜、光导体、厚壁光学器件、反射器、发光器件支撑件等施加到金属组件上，并且附加元件如螺钉、夹紧元件或弹性件不是必须的。此外，不需要接合物质、如粘合剂或类似物。
在照明装置中的所述接合连接——例如在前照灯中构建光模块时——具有改善的特性，特别是对实心的光学技术构件、如厚壁光导体的固定可以通过附接的作为保持元件的金属组件改善地构建。在光学上透明的材料、如PMMA或特定的PC塑料类型具有高的脆性，这常常导致在构件的耐载荷固定方面出现严重问题。根据本发明的接合连接的优点在于面状的连接而无需产生点状的接合连接、例如在螺纹连接中的点状的接合连接，从而在精密的光学技术构件中不出现应力峰。
特别有利地，借助于接触加热元件、借助于激光辐射或借助于IR照射塑料构件的互补的接合面来产生所述热引入。互补的接合面形成与在金属组件上的接合面对置的面。也可设想的是，将金属组件加热并使得所述金属组件与塑料构件接触。通过从金属组件到塑料构件中的热传递，可以在接合面中也加热并因此软化塑料构件的靠近表面的区域，从而软化的塑料材料能渗入到在金属组件中的微结构的侧凹部中。此外，热引入也可以通过感应或置于炉中(Ofenlagerung)来进行或通过其他合适的途径进行。
按照根据本发明的方法的另一种有利的设计方案，在将塑料构件与金属组件彼此压紧时利用软化的塑料材料形成渗入到微结构中的材料舌(Materialzunge)，通过所述材料舌与金属组件形成形锁合和/或力锁合。例如，微结构具有在金属组件的表面中的沟痕或刻槽，所述沟痕或所述刻槽相对于所述表面倾斜延伸地渗入到金属组件的主体中。在此，在金属组件中的刻槽或孔的倾斜角可以交替地改变，从而不能沿一个拉出方向使塑料构件又从金属组件松脱。此外存在如下可行方案：微结构自身实施有侧凹部，例如通过在金属组件内部的更大深度处增大的微结构侧向尺寸。这样的微结构可以例如通过激光烧蚀或借助于蚀刻工艺制造。微结构的几何尺寸可以例如为10μm至1000μm。
在金属组件的接合面中的微结构可以具有凹部或隆起部。如果在接合面中的微结构实施为隆起的，则隆起部进入到软化的塑料中并且被所述软化的塑料包围，从而在塑料冷却之后形成形锁合和/或力锁合。
如果在微结构之内形成材料舌，所述材料舌特别是也仍倾斜于表面延伸并且在接合面上分布地沿不同的倾斜方向定向，则在塑料构件与金属组件之间产生形锁合。此外可以形成力锁合、特别是通过在塑料材料冷却时的略微的收缩过程、特别是在材料舌的区域中的收缩过程形成力锁合。由此，塑料构件以一定的方式抓紧在金属组件的表面中。因此，所述连接制造为持久的并且特别是液密且气密的。有利地，可以将这样的接合连接用于光学器件，将所述光学器件施加在保持件或类似物上或又可以将金属组件施加在光学器件本身上、例如在所述光学器件具有较大的尺寸时。特别有利的是用于制造侧凹部和空腔的这样的接合连接，从而可以产生例如盆-盖-构造结构，所述盆-盖-构造结构例如在注射成型工艺中不能产生。
进一步有利地，将具有微结构的接合面选择为与在塑料构件与金属组件之间的接触面一样大或小于所述接触面。如此，可以有针对性地创造具有在塑料构件与金属组件之间的力传递的表面区段，可以将所述表面区段设计为，使得在接合区中仅产生小的机械载荷，从而在构件之间的实际接触面可以明显大于接合面。通过仅局部应用所述连接，可以有针对性地在塑料构件与金属组件之间产生接触区域，所述接触区域设置为，使得在塑料构件与金属组件之间获得理想的力传导。将接合面选择为这样大，使得在力传导时的单位面积负荷明显保持在损伤极限之下。
此外有利的是，在塑料构件与金属组件之间的接触面上形成有一个单独的或多个彼此单独分开地构造的具有微结构的接合面。例如，可以在光学器件与金属的支撑体之间的接触面为矩形的情况下，在矩形形状的四个角中设置有接合面，从而不需要全面地而是仅需要局部地加热塑料构件的表面。
进一步有利地，所述金属组件借助于镁合金、铝合金、锌合金或铁合金形成和/或所述金属组件借助于压铸工艺、挤压工艺、锻造工艺、借助于切削式制造和/或借助于冲压-弯曲工艺制造。
参照在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件，将所述塑料构件有利地构造为，使得所述塑料构件在照明装置的运行中被以至少一个由在照明装置中的光源产生的光束照射或透射，和/或所述在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件构造为反射器、光导体、厚壁光学器件或初级光学器件。
也有利的是，以所述金属组件形成在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件的保持件，和/或所述金属组件具有遮光边缘，利用所述遮光边缘实现遮光作用。
在塑料构件与金属组件之间的具有微结构的接合面有利地选择为，使得借助于在塑料构件与金属组件之间的不同的热膨胀系数实现对作为反射器、作为光导体、作为厚壁光学器件或作为初级光学器件的塑料构件相对于安装环境的位置的热补偿。
塑料构件和金属组件可以具有彼此有偏差的热膨胀系数，并且接合面可以在金属组件与塑料构件之间设置为，使得例如在作为塑料构件的光学构件的位置公差在光学技术上重要的情况下，通过采用不同的热膨胀系数来均衡温度波动。
也有利的是，为了制造接合复合体而利用操作系统将塑料构件和金属组件彼此压紧，其中，在此将所述操作系统驱控为，使得在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件的位置为了均衡公差而在金属组件上或在金属组件处定位在均衡位置中。
在靠近表面的塑料材料仍是软化的期间，可以在一定的界限中将塑料构件相对于金属组件定位。塑料构件的塑料材料又冷却，如此以一定的方式冻结已设定的非常精确的位置，从而塑料构件相对于金属组件设定的位置公差持久地保持。
本发明还致力于由在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件与金属组件构成的接合复合体，其中，所述接合复合体利用前述方法制造。特别是，所述金属组件在此形成在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件的保持件，和/或所述金属组件具有遮光边缘，利用所述遮光边缘能对能穿过所述塑料构件辐射的或能辐射到所述塑料构件上的光产生遮光作用。
通过如下方式获得进一步的优点：在金属构件设置在塑料组件上的情况下，金属构件可以承担热保护、例如以防阳光入射的热保护或承担对光学技术构件和/或光源排热的作用。
附图说明
下面借助于附图结合对本发明的优选实施例的描述更详细地示出进一步的对本发明的改进措施。图中：
图1示出穿过在塑料构件与金属组件之间的接合复合体的示意性的横剖视图；
图2示出设置在金属组件上的在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件的视图；
图3示出设置于在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件上的具有遮光区段的金属组件的视图；并且
图4示出设置在实施为冷却体的金属组件上的实施为反射器的塑料构件。
具体实施方式
图1示出穿过在塑料构件1与金属组件2之间的接合复合体的横剖视图。塑料构件1概括地示出并且因此以不更详细地示出的方式构造为在光学技术上起作用，并且所述塑料构件例如描述为在车辆的照明装置中的、例如在前照灯中的光模块的反射性的或透射性的光学器件。金属组件2可以例如是所述反射性的或透射性的光学器件的保持件、遮光件或其他构造构件(Umbauteil)、例如冷却体。
在金属组件2的用作对于塑料构件1的接触面的表面中引入有微结构10，所述微结构从所述表面开始倾斜地进入到金属组件2的主体中，其中，微结构的倾斜角沿彼此不同的方向指向，示例性可看到地以左侧的微结构10与相反地定向的右侧的微结构10示出。
微结构10例如利用激光烧蚀法或利用蚀刻工艺引入到金属组件2中。参照金属组件2的厚度，微结构10的视图尺寸过大地构造，并且足够的是，微结构10从表面开始以例如小于1000μm、小于500μm或小于200μm的深度进入到材料中。
为了产生接合连接，首先将塑料构件1的互补的、即面对金属组件2的接触区域加热，例如利用接触加热元件、借助于激光辐射或借助于IR照射来加热。将塑料构件1以其于是软化的表面压紧到金属组件2的微结构10上，其中，所施加的压力F以箭头示出。然后，塑料构件1的软化的塑料材料的一部分渗入到微结构10中并形成材料舌11，这些材料舌在塑料构件1冷却之后在一定程度上抓紧在侧凹的微结构10中并因此形成形锁合和必要时附加地形成摩擦锁合。由此在塑料构件1与金属组件2之间产生机械上能受载荷的接合连接，而宏观的形锁合不是必须的。
图2示例性地示出以塑料构件1的形式的透射性的光学器件，可以利用光源12将光入射到所述光学器件中并且所述光可以在对置侧上再次耦出，这通过箭头指示出。塑料构件1施加在金属组件2上，并且在塑料构件1与金属组件2之间的接触区域具有微结构10，经由所述微结构利用前述方法在塑料构件1与金属组件2之间产生连接。
图3示出在塑料构件1与金属组件2之间的接合连接的另一个实施例，其中，塑料构件1是在光学技术上起作用的构件、例如实心构造的光导体。在上侧上施加有金属组件2并且所述金属组件具有带有遮光边缘13的遮光区段14。该示例示出在透射塑料构件1时利用遮光边缘13产生的明暗界限15。引入到金属组件2的接触面中的微结构10用于将金属组件2固定在塑料构件1上，塑料构件1的加热的塑料能渗入到所述微结构中，从而所示出的构造结构不需要粘合剂或类似物，并且金属组件2仍然牢固地设置在塑料构件1上。
图4示出以反射器16的形式的塑料构件1和以冷却体17的形式的金属组件2的应用情况。金属组件2的接触区域又设置有微结构10，从而可以将反射器16的反射器底座18施加在冷却体17的表面上。如果使光源12运行，则可以经由在塑料构件1与金属组件2之间产生的接触实现对所述光源的有利的排热。
本发明在其实施方案方面不限于以上给出的优选的实施例。而可设想大量的变型方案，这些变型方案即使在原则上不同类型的实施方案中也利用示出的解决方案。由权利要求书、说明书或附图得出的所有特征和/或优点、包括结构细节、空间布置和方法步骤无论是单独还是以极广泛的组合形式都可以是对本发明重要的。
附图标记列表
1 在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件
2 金属组件
10 微结构
11 材料舌
12 光源
13 遮光边缘
14 遮光区段
15 明暗界限
16 反射器
17 冷却体
18 反射器底座
F 压力

Claims (12)

1.用于在车辆的照明装置的在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件(1)与金属组件(2)之间制造接合连接的方法，其中，所述方法至少包括如下步骤：
-在金属组件(2)的接合面中产生微结构(10)，所述微结构(10)相对于接合面具有侧凹部；
-借助于热引入使塑料构件(1)的在互补的接合面的靠近表面的区域中的塑料材料软化；
-以压力(F)将塑料构件(1)与金属组件(2)彼此压紧，使得软化的塑料材料的一部分渗入到微结构(10)的侧凹部中；并且
-使塑料构件(1)的塑料材料冷却以恢复塑料构件(1)的软化的塑料材料的强度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，借助于接触加热元件、借助于激光辐射或借助于IR照射来产生所述热引入。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在将所述塑料构件(1)与所述金属组件(2)彼此压紧时利用软化的塑料材料形成渗入到微结构(10)中的材料舌(11)，通过所述材料舌与金属组件(2)形成形锁合和/或力锁合。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，具有微结构(10)的所述接合面与在塑料构件(1)与金属组件(2)之间的接触面一样大或小于所述接触面。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述塑料构件(1)与所述金属组件(2)之间的接触面上形成有一个单独的或多个彼此单独分开地构造的具有微结构(10)的接合面。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述金属组件(2)借助于镁合金、铝合金、锌合金或铁合金形成和/或借助于压铸工艺、挤压工艺、锻造工艺、借助于切削式制造和/或借助于冲压-弯曲工艺制造。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件(1)构造为，使得所述塑料构件在照明装置的运行中被以至少一个由在照明装置中的光源(12)产生的光束照射或透射，和/或所述在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件(1)构造为反射器、光导体、厚壁光学器件或初级光学器件。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，以所述金属组件(2)形成在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件(1)的保持件，和/或所述金属组件(2)具有遮光边缘(13)，利用所述遮光边缘获得遮光作用。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述塑料构件(1)与所述金属组件(2)之间的具有微结构(10)的接合面选择为，使得借助于在塑料构件(1)与金属组件(2)之间的不同的热膨胀系数实现对作为反射器、作为光导体、作为厚壁光学器件或作为初级光学器件的塑料构件(1)的相对于安装环境的位置的热补偿。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，利用操作系统将所述塑料构件(1)和所述金属组件(2)彼此压紧，将所述操作系统驱控为，使得在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件(1)的位置为了均衡公差而在金属组件(2)上或在金属组件处定位在均衡位置中。
11.由在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件(1)与金属组件(2)构成的接合复合体，所述接合复合体利用根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法制造。
12.根据权利要求11所述的接合复合体，其特征在于，所述金属组件(2)形成所述在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件(1)的保持件，和/或所述金属组件(2)具有遮光边缘(13)，利用所述遮光边缘能对能穿过所述塑料构件(1)辐射的或能辐射到所述塑料构件上的光产生遮光作用。
CN202080020152.1A 2019-03-12 2020-02-21 用于在光学技术上起作用的塑料构件与金属组件之间制造接合连接的方法 Pending CN113557119A (zh)

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