CN113545256A - Watermelon planting method adopting growth protective agent - Google Patents
Watermelon planting method adopting growth protective agent Download PDFInfo
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- CN113545256A CN113545256A CN202110754273.5A CN202110754273A CN113545256A CN 113545256 A CN113545256 A CN 113545256A CN 202110754273 A CN202110754273 A CN 202110754273A CN 113545256 A CN113545256 A CN 113545256A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
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Abstract
The invention provides a watermelon planting method adopting a growth protective agent, which comprises the steps of preparing a cold-resistant nutrient solution, preparing the growth protective agent and managing watermelon planting. The growth protective agent prepared by the invention quickly generates a layer of uniform, continuous and compact semipermeable membrane on the surface of the watermelon, and the citric acid beta-sitosterol ester is doped into the semipermeable membrane, so that gaps among beta-sitosterol and lecithin molecules are filled, the membrane has uniform pore size which is between 42 and 58nm on average, macromolecular substances such as bacteria and pesticides can be effectively blocked, nutrient substances such as micromolecular leaf fertilizer and water can be permeated, the harm of the pesticides is reduced, and the growth protective agent is safe, non-toxic, green and environment-friendly. By adopting the planting method provided by the invention, the stability of the cell membrane of the watermelon is enhanced and the influence on the activity of enzyme is small under the low-temperature environment, and the content of malondialdehyde in the cell is obviously reduced after the treatment of the cold-resistant nutrient solution and the growth protective agent, which indicates that the cold resistance of the watermelon is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of watermelon planting, and particularly relates to a watermelon planting method adopting a growth protective agent.
Background
The watermelon is a common fruit in summer, is fresh and sweet, lowers heat and removes summer heat, and along with the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the demand of people on the watermelon not only meets the requirements in summer but also rises in the off-season. However, the watermelon likes warm and dry climate, is not cold-resistant, has the optimum temperature of 24-30 ℃ for growth and development, and has poor cold resistance, which becomes one of the main obstacles for out-of-season planting of the watermelon. Under low temperature environment, the structure, catalytic performance and function of some enzymes in the watermelon are affected, which causes low metabolism, causes less synthesis of nutrient substances and seriously reduces the production benefit of the watermelon. People solve the problem by planting watermelons in a greenhouse, but the method cannot be popularized in a large range, the greenhouse is high in cost and energy and labor are consumed, and even in the greenhouse, the watermelons can be in a low-temperature environment for a long time in continuous low-temperature severe weather. Therefore, how to improve the cold resistance of the watermelons and enable the watermelons to be cultivated in the land in an out-of-season mode becomes one of the most needed problems to be solved in current watermelon planting.
The patent number 'CN 201611208156.4' is named as 'seedling raising method for improving cold resistance of watermelon', which provides a special nutrient solution for cold resistance, namely, the nutrient solution is sprayed during watermelon seedlings to improve the cold resistance of watermelon, but in the actual planting process, when the watermelon is in a flower and fruit period, if the watermelon is in a cold weather, the metabolism of the watermelon organism can be seriously reduced, and then the yield is low and the size is reduced. Therefore, how to comprehensively improve the cold resistance of the watermelons and ensure that the watermelons are not influenced by low-temperature environment in the fruit setting period is a problem to be solved.
The patent number 'CN 201910209150.6' is named as 'a plant protective agent and a use method thereof', and provides a plant protective agent, 100-200 parts by weight of urea and 5-8 parts by weight of composite microbial agent are mixed uniformly, but the plant protective agent only prevents insect pests and cannot improve the cold resistance of plants, at present, few growth protective agents capable of improving the cold resistance of plants in a low-temperature environment are used, and how to improve the cold resistance of plants needs further research.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a watermelon planting method adopting a growth protective agent, which can comprehensively improve the cold resistance of watermelons, provide a layer of protective barrier during the growth period of watermelons, reduce the negative effects caused by pesticides and the external environment and promote the growth of watermelons.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a growth protective agent comprises the following components:
25-30 parts of emulsion, 2-4 parts of cyclopenta dimethyl silicone polymer, 1-2 parts of dimethyl silicone polymer, 3-5 parts of cane sugar, 1-2 parts of 6-furfuryl amino purine, 1-2 parts of honeysuckle extract and 110 parts of distilled water.
A watermelon planting method adopting a growth protective agent comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of cold-resistant nutrient solution
8-13 parts of seaweed extract, 7-10 parts of Chinese iris extract, 3-5 parts of jasmine extract, 3-5 parts of astragalus extract, 1-2 parts of calcium nitrate, 7-6 parts of vitamin E4, 2-4 parts of vitamin C and 180 parts of distilled water at 50-60 ℃, stirring for 20-30min, cooling to room temperature, and then adding 0.4-0.6 part of 40% carbendazim to obtain the cold-resistant nutrient solution.
2. Preparation of growth protective agent
(1) Drying and pulverizing
Cleaning the corn silk, placing the corn silk in a vacuum drying oven for drying for 5-6h, wherein the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, drying, and then crushing to 100-mesh 150 meshes to obtain the corn silk powder.
(2) Saponification
Placing the corn stigma powder and the potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution in a reaction kettle according to the proportion of 1:1-5, saponifying at 70-90 ℃ for 1.5-2h, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30-50min at the ultrasonic frequency of 100-120KHZ and the temperature of 45-55 ℃; extracting with anhydrous ethanol for 3-5 times, distilling at 50-60 deg.C under reduced pressure, and recovering ethanol to obtain extract;
the concentration of the potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution is 3-6 mol/L.
(3) Crystallization of
Adding the extract into 15-20 times of deionized water, and stirring at 60-70 deg.C for 15-20min to dissolve the extract sufficiently to obtain extract solution; adding chloroform into an extraction bottle, extracting for 2-3 times, distilling under reduced pressure at 50-60 deg.C, adding ethyl acetate, cooling to 0-6 deg.C, crystallizing for 3-5 hr to obtain crude product of beta-sitosterol; adding anhydrous methanol, heating at 45-50 deg.C until the solution is in suspension state, cooling to 8-12 deg.C, and treating for 6-8 hr to obtain beta-sitosterol crystal;
the addition amount of the chloroform is 2-4 times of the extract; the addition amount of the ethyl acetate is 1-3 times of the extract;
the addition amount of the methanol is 3-5 times of that of the crude product of the beta-sitosterol.
(4) Esterification
Dissolving beta-sitosterol crystals and citric acid crystals in deionized water according to the ratio of 1:2-3, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2-5min, performing microwave heating for 7-10min, completing esterification, performing reduced pressure concentration at 50-55 ℃, and performing vacuum drying at 60-70 ℃ for 1-1.5h to obtain beta-sitosterol citrate;
the ultrasonic treatment frequency is 100-120KHZ, and the temperature is 40-55 ℃; the microwave heating power is 120-130W, and the temperature is 70-80 ℃.
(5) Preparation of the emulsion
Mixing beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol citrate and lecithin according to the weight ratio of 2-3: adding into a beaker at a ratio of 1:12-15, stirring for 3-5min, adding anhydrous ethanol, and continuing stirring for 15-20 min; the addition amount of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 30-40% of the lecithin;
preheating PBS solution to 50-55 deg.C, adding into beaker while stirring at uniform speed, stirring at 40-50 deg.C for 60-80min to remove ethanol, performing ultrasonic treatment at 6-10 deg.C for 5-8min to reduce molecular particle size, and filtering with 0.2-0.4 μm ultramicro membrane to obtain uniform emulsion;
the concentration of the PBS solution is 0.04-0.08mol/L, the pH is 7.0-7.5, and the addition amount is 100 percent of absolute ethyl alcohol.
(6) Preparation of protective agent
And uniformly stirring 25-30 parts of emulsion, 2-4 parts of cyclopenta dimethyl silicone polymer, 1-2 parts of dimethyl silicone polymer, 3-5 parts of cane sugar, 1-2 parts of 6-furfuryl aminopurine, 1-2 parts of honeysuckle extract and 110 parts of distilled water at room temperature to obtain the growth protective agent.
3. Watermelon planting management
(1) Accelerating germination
Sterilizing watermelon seeds, scalding the seeds with distilled water at 55-65 ℃, soaking the seeds for 6-8h at 25-30 ℃, covering the watermelon seeds with 4-5 layers of wet gauze, and putting the watermelon seeds into a thermostat at 15-18 ℃ for accelerating the seeds, so that a physiological protection mechanism of watermelon germs can be stimulated, the activity of functional enzymes can be activated, and the cold resistance of the watermelon in a germination period can be improved.
(2) Spraying cold-resistant nutrient solution
Sowing the watermelon seeds in a nutrient medium after the watermelon seeds are exposed to the white color, culturing at the temperature of 23-26 ℃, after the watermelon seedlings grow two true leaves, irrigating roots of the seedlings with cold-resistant nutrient solution, irrigating 30-45ml of each seedling, illuminating for 10-12h every day at the temperature of 10-15 ℃, uniformly spraying cold-resistant nutrient solution to the front and back leaf surfaces of the watermelon seedlings after 5-6 days until all the liquid dripped on the leaf surfaces is completely wet, and then spraying the cold-resistant nutrient solution to the watermelon seedlings every 7-9 days, thereby enhancing the cold resistance of the watermelon seedlings.
(3) Spraying growth protective agent
And (4) transplanting the watermelon seedlings to a field after 20 days, wherein the transplanting time is 10 middle ten days.
During the fruit setting period of the watermelon, uniformly spraying a growth protective agent to the surface of the watermelon once every 10-12 days, wherein the condition is that the surface of the watermelon is completely wetted; the growth protective agent can quickly form an even and continuous semipermeable membrane on the surface of the watermelon, and has the advantages of high viscosity, stable membrane structure, rain wash resistance, safety and harmlessness.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention achieves the technical effects that:
1. the cold-resistant nutrient solution is used for carrying out foliage spraying and root irrigation treatment in the watermelon seedling period, the seedling is moderately dwarfed, the stem is thickened, the lateral roots are more, the root system is developed and robust, and the cold resistance of the seedling is increased.
2. The corn stigma is crushed and then saponified, and the phytosterol ester can generate phytosterol and fatty acid salt through saponification reaction, so that the combined phytosterol is decomposed, and the yield of the phytosterol in the solution is improved; further extracting beta-sitosterol crystal by crystallization, and measuring by gas chromatography, the purity of the beta-sitosterol crystal is about 95%.
3. The beta-sitosterol is esterified by citric acid to generate the citric acid beta-sitosterolThe alcohol ester, beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol citrate will react with lecithin, respectively, the beta-sitosterol and P ═ O on lecithin will form hydrogen bonds, the beta-sitosterol citrate will react with P ═ O and (CH) on lecithin3)3N has obvious interaction and the hydrogen bond function is obviously enhanced, so that the generated membrane structure is more stable, is rain-proof and scouring resistant, is not easy to fall off, and has long action time.
4. The growth protective agent prepared by the invention quickly generates a layer of uniform, continuous and compact semipermeable membrane on the surface of the watermelon, and the citric acid beta-sitosterol ester is doped into the semipermeable membrane, so that gaps among beta-sitosterol and lecithin molecules are filled, the membrane has uniform pore size which is between 42 and 58nm on average, macromolecular substances such as bacteria and pesticides can be effectively blocked, nutrient substances such as micromolecular leaf fertilizer and water can be permeated, the harm of the pesticides is reduced, and the growth protective agent is safe, non-toxic, green and environment-friendly.
5. The film generated by the growth protective agent prepared by the invention effectively blocks sand blown by the wind, and prevents the melon peels from being scratched to generate cracks to influence the appearance; the surface tension of the watermelon peel is improved, the cell division and growth of the watermelon peel are improved, the preservation period is prolonged after the watermelon is ripe, and the generation of cracked and rotten melons is reduced.
6. The film generated by the growth protective agent prepared by the invention has excellent light transmission and air permeability, and is added with active ingredients such as 6-furfuryl aminopurine, honeysuckle extract, cane sugar and the like, so that the nutritional status of the watermelon is improved, the disease resistance of the watermelon is enhanced, and the watermelon is more fresh and delicious.
7. By adopting the planting method provided by the invention, the stability of the cell membrane of the watermelon is enhanced and the influence on the activity of enzyme is small under the low-temperature environment, and the content of malondialdehyde in the cell is obviously reduced after the treatment of the cold-resistant nutrient solution and the growth protective agent, which indicates that the cold resistance of the watermelon is greatly improved.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
1. preparation of cold-resistant nutrient solution
10 parts of seaweed extract, 9 parts of Chinese iris extract, 4 parts of jasmine extract, 4 parts of astragalus extract, 2 parts of calcium nitrate, 5 parts of vitamin E, 3 parts of vitamin C and 160 parts of distilled water are stirred for 25min at 55 ℃, cooled to room temperature and then added with 0.5 part of 40% carbendazim to obtain the cold-resistant nutrient solution.
2. Preparation of growth protective agent
(1) Drying and pulverizing
Cleaning stigma Maydis, drying in vacuum drying oven at 70 deg.C for 6 hr, and pulverizing to 130 mesh to obtain stigma Maydis powder.
(2) Saponification
Placing stigma Maydis powder and potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution at a ratio of 1:3 in a reaction kettle, saponifying at 80 deg.C for 2h, and performing ultrasonic treatment at ultrasonic frequency of 110KHZ and temperature of 50 deg.C for 40 min; extracting with anhydrous ethanol for 5 times, distilling at 55 deg.C under reduced pressure, and recovering ethanol to obtain extract;
the concentration of the potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution is 5 mol/L.
(3) Crystallization of
Adding the extract into 18 times of deionized water, and stirring at 65 deg.C for 20min to dissolve the extract sufficiently to obtain extract solution; pouring into an extraction bottle, adding chloroform for extraction for 3 times, carrying out reduced pressure distillation at 55 ℃, adding ethyl acetate, cooling to 2 ℃, and crystallizing for 4 hours to obtain a crude product of the beta-sitosterol; adding anhydrous methanol, heating at 47 deg.C until the solution is in suspension state, cooling to 10 deg.C, and treating for 7 hr to obtain beta-sitosterol crystal;
the addition amount of the chloroform is 3 times of that of the extract; the addition amount of the ethyl acetate is 2 times of that of the extract;
the addition amount of the methanol is 4 times of that of the crude product of the beta-sitosterol.
(4) Esterification
Dissolving beta-sitosterol crystals and citric acid crystals in deionized water according to the ratio of 1:3, performing ultrasonic treatment for 4min, performing microwave heating for 8min, completing esterification, performing reduced pressure concentration at 55 ℃, and performing vacuum drying at 65 ℃ for 1.5h to obtain beta-sitosterol citrate;
the ultrasonic treatment frequency is 110KHZ, and the temperature is 50 ℃; the microwave heating power is 125W, and the temperature is 75 ℃.
(5) Preparation of the emulsion
Mixing beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol citrate and lecithin according to the weight ratio of 3: adding into a beaker according to the proportion of 1:14, stirring for 4min, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, and continuing stirring for 17 min; the addition amount of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 37 percent of that of lecithin;
preheating PBS solution to 55 deg.C, adding into beaker while stirring at uniform speed, stirring at 45 deg.C for 70min to remove ethanol, performing ultrasonic treatment at 8 deg.C for 7min to reduce molecular particle size, and filtering with 0.2 μm ultramicro membrane to obtain uniform emulsion;
the concentration of the PBS solution is 0.06mol/L, the pH is 7.5, and the addition amount is 100 percent of that of absolute ethyl alcohol.
(6) Preparation of protective agent
And uniformly stirring 28 parts of emulsion, 3 parts of cyclopenta dimethyl silicone polymer, 2 parts of dimethyl silicone polymer, 4 parts of cane sugar, 2 parts of 6-furfuryl aminopurine, 1 part of honeysuckle extract and 105 parts of distilled water at room temperature to obtain the growth protective agent.
3. Watermelon planting management
(1) Accelerating germination
Sterilizing 100 watermelon seeds, scalding the seeds with distilled water at 60 ℃, soaking the seeds for 7h at 27 ℃, covering the watermelon seeds with 5 layers of wet gauze, and putting the watermelon seeds into a thermostat at 18 ℃ for accelerating the seeds.
(2) Spraying cold-resistant nutrient solution
After the watermelon seeds are exposed to the white color, sowing the watermelon seeds in a nutrient medium for culturing, wherein the temperature is 24 ℃, after the watermelon seedlings grow two true leaves, root irrigation treatment is carried out on the seedlings by using a cold-resistant nutrient solution, each seedling is irrigated with 40ml, the illumination is carried out for 11h every day, the temperature is 12 ℃, the cold-resistant nutrient solution is uniformly sprayed on the front and back leaf surfaces of the watermelon seedlings after 5 days, the liquid dripped on the leaf surfaces is completely and thoroughly wetted, and then the cold-resistant nutrient solution is sprayed on the watermelon seedlings every 8 days.
(3) Spraying growth protective agent
And (4) transplanting the watermelon seedlings to a field after 20 days, wherein the transplanting time is 10 middle ten days.
And (3) uniformly spraying a growth protective agent to the melon surface every 11 days during the fruit setting period of the watermelon, wherein the standard is that the melon surface is completely wet.
Example 2 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
the difference between the present example and example 1 is that the preparation steps of the cold-resistant nutrient solution are different, and the remaining steps are the same as those of example 1, specifically as follows:
stirring 8 parts of seaweed extract, 10 parts of Chinese iris extract, 3 parts of jasmine extract, 5 parts of astragalus extract, 1 part of calcium nitrate, 4 parts of vitamin E, 4 parts of vitamin C and 150 parts of distilled water at 50 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, and then adding 0.4 part of 40% carbendazim to obtain the cold-resistant nutrient solution.
Example 3 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
the difference between this example and example 1-2 is that the preparation steps of the cold-resistant nutrient solution are different, and the remaining steps are the same as those in example 1-2, specifically as follows:
13 parts of seaweed extract, 7 parts of Chinese iris extract, 5 parts of jasmine extract, 3 parts of astragalus extract, 1 part of calcium nitrate, 6 parts of vitamin E, 2 parts of vitamin C and 180 parts of distilled water are stirred for 20min at 60 ℃, cooled to room temperature and then added with 0.6 part of 40% carbendazim to obtain the cold-resistant nutrient solution.
Example 4 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
the difference between this example and example 1 is that the drying, pulverizing, saponifying, crystallizing and esterifying steps are different, and the rest of the steps are the same as example 1, specifically as follows:
(1) drying and pulverizing
Cleaning stigma Maydis, drying in vacuum drying oven at 80 deg.C for 5 hr, and pulverizing to 150 mesh to obtain stigma Maydis powder.
(2) Saponification
Placing stigma Maydis powder and potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution at a ratio of 1:1 in a reaction kettle, saponifying at 70 deg.C for 2h, and performing ultrasonic treatment at 100KHZ and 45 deg.C for 30 min; extracting with anhydrous ethanol for 3 times, distilling at 60 deg.C under reduced pressure, and recovering ethanol to obtain extract;
the concentration of the potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution is 3 mol/L.
(3) Crystallization of
Adding the extract into 20 times of deionized water, and stirring at 60 deg.C for 20min to dissolve the extract sufficiently to obtain extract solution; pouring into an extraction bottle, adding chloroform for extraction for 2 times, carrying out reduced pressure distillation at 50 ℃, adding ethyl acetate, cooling to 6 ℃, and crystallizing for 3 hours to obtain a crude product of the beta-sitosterol; adding anhydrous methanol, heating at 50 deg.C until the solution is in suspension state, cooling to 8 deg.C, and treating for 6 hr to obtain beta-sitosterol crystal;
the addition amount of the chloroform is 2 times of that of the extract; the addition amount of the ethyl acetate is 3 times of that of the extract;
the addition amount of the methanol is 3 times of that of the crude product of the beta-sitosterol.
(4) Esterification
Dissolving beta-sitosterol crystals and citric acid crystals in deionized water according to the ratio of 1:2, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2min, performing microwave heating for 7min, completing the esterification reaction, performing reduced pressure concentration at 50 ℃, and performing vacuum drying at 60 ℃ for 1.5h to obtain beta-sitosterol citrate;
the ultrasonic treatment frequency is 100KHZ, and the temperature is 55 ℃; the microwave heating power is 120W, and the temperature is 80 ℃.
Example 5 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
the difference between this example and examples 1 and 4 is that the drying, pulverizing, saponifying, crystallizing and esterifying steps are different, and the rest of the steps are the same as those in examples 1 and 4, specifically as follows:
(1) drying and pulverizing
Cleaning stigma Maydis, drying in vacuum drying oven at 60 deg.C for 6 hr, and pulverizing to 100 mesh to obtain stigma Maydis powder.
(2) Saponification
Placing stigma Maydis powder and potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution at a ratio of 1:5 in a reaction kettle, saponifying at 90 deg.C for 1.5h, and performing ultrasonic treatment at ultrasonic frequency of 120KHZ and temperature of 45 deg.C for 50 min; extracting with anhydrous ethanol for 4 times, distilling at 50 deg.C under reduced pressure, and recovering ethanol to obtain extract;
the concentration of the potassium hydroxide-ethanol solution is 6 mol/L.
(3) Crystallization of
Adding the extract into 15 times of deionized water, and stirring at 70 deg.C for 15min to dissolve the extract sufficiently to obtain extract solution; pouring into an extraction bottle, adding chloroform for extraction for 3 times, carrying out reduced pressure distillation at 60 ℃, adding ethyl acetate, cooling to 0 ℃, and crystallizing for 5 hours to obtain a crude product of the beta-sitosterol; adding anhydrous methanol, heating at 45 deg.C until the solution is in suspension state, cooling to 12 deg.C, and treating for 8 hr to obtain beta-sitosterol crystal;
the addition amount of the chloroform is 4 times of that of the extract; the addition amount of the ethyl acetate is 1 time of that of the extract;
the addition amount of the methanol is 5 times of that of the crude product of the beta-sitosterol.
(4) Esterification
Dissolving beta-sitosterol crystals and citric acid crystals in deionized water according to the ratio of 1:3, performing ultrasonic treatment for 5min, performing microwave heating for 10min, completing esterification, performing reduced pressure concentration at 55 ℃, and performing vacuum drying at 70 ℃ for 1h to obtain beta-sitosterol citrate;
the ultrasonic treatment frequency is 120KHZ, and the temperature is 40 ℃; the microwave heating power is 130W, and the temperature is 70 ℃.
Example 6 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
the difference between this example and example 1 is that the preparation steps of the emulsion are different, and the rest of the steps are the same as those of example 1, specifically as follows:
mixing beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol citrate and lecithin according to the weight ratio of 2: adding into a beaker according to the proportion of 1:12, stirring for 3min, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, and continuing stirring for 15 min; the addition amount of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 30 percent of that of lecithin;
preheating PBS solution to 50 deg.C, adding into beaker while stirring at uniform speed, stirring at 40 deg.C for 60min to remove ethanol, performing ultrasonic treatment at 6 deg.C for 8min to reduce molecular particle size, and filtering with 0.4 μm ultramicro membrane to obtain uniform emulsion;
the concentration of the PBS solution is 0.04mol/L, the pH is 7.0, and the addition amount is 100 percent of that of absolute ethyl alcohol.
Example 7 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
the difference between this example and examples 1 and 6 is that the preparation steps of the emulsion are different, and the remaining steps are the same as those of examples 1 and 6, specifically as follows:
mixing beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol citrate and lecithin according to the weight ratio of 3: adding into a beaker according to the proportion of 1:15, stirring for 5min, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, and continuing stirring for 20 min; the addition amount of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 40 percent of that of lecithin;
preheating PBS solution to 52 deg.C, adding into beaker while stirring at uniform speed, stirring at 40 deg.C for 80min to remove ethanol, performing ultrasonic treatment at 10 deg.C for 5min to reduce molecular particle size, and filtering with 0.2 μm ultramicro membrane to obtain uniform emulsion;
the concentration of the PBS solution is 0.08mol/L, the pH is 7.5, and the addition amount is 100 percent of that of absolute ethyl alcohol.
Example 8 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
the difference between this example and example 1 is that the preparation steps of the growth protective agent are different, and the rest steps are the same as those of example 1, specifically as follows:
and uniformly stirring 25 parts of emulsion, 4 parts of cyclopenta dimethyl silicone polymer, 1 part of dimethyl silicone polymer, 3 parts of cane sugar, 2 parts of 6-furfuryl aminopurine, 1 part of honeysuckle extract and 100 parts of distilled water at room temperature to obtain the growth protective agent.
Example 9 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
the difference between this example and examples 1 and 8 is that the preparation steps of the growth protective agent are different, and the remaining steps are the same as those of examples 1 and 8, specifically as follows:
and uniformly stirring 30 parts of emulsion, 2 parts of cyclopenta dimethyl silicone polymer, 2 parts of dimethyl silicone polymer, 5 parts of sucrose, 1 part of 6-furfuryl aminopurine, 2 parts of honeysuckle extract and 110 parts of distilled water at room temperature to obtain the growth protective agent.
Example 10 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
the difference between this example and example 1 is that the germination accelerating step is different, and the rest steps are the same as example 1, specifically as follows:
sterilizing 100 watermelon seeds, scalding seeds with 55 deg.C distilled water, soaking seeds at 25 deg.C for 8 hr, covering watermelon seeds with 4 layers of wet gauze, and placing in 18 deg.C thermostat for accelerating seed sowing.
Example 11 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
the difference between this example and examples 1 and 10 is that the germination accelerating step is different, and the remaining steps are the same as those in examples 1 and 10, specifically as follows:
sterilizing 100 watermelon seeds, scalding the seeds with 65 ℃ distilled water, soaking the seeds for 6h at 30 ℃, covering the watermelon seeds with 5 layers of wet gauze, and putting the watermelon seeds into a thermostat at 15 ℃ for accelerating the seeds.
Example 12 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the steps of spraying the cold-resistant nutrient solution are different, and the remaining steps are the same as those of embodiment 1, specifically as follows:
after the watermelon seeds are exposed to the white color, sowing the watermelon seeds in a nutrient medium for culturing, wherein the temperature is 23 ℃, after the watermelon seedlings grow two true leaves, root irrigation treatment is carried out on the seedlings by using a cold-resistant nutrient solution, each seedling is irrigated with 30ml, the illumination is carried out for 10 hours every day, the temperature is 15 ℃, the cold-resistant nutrient solution is uniformly sprayed on the front and back leaf surfaces of the watermelon seedlings after 5 days, the liquid dripped on the leaf surfaces is completely wet and thoroughly, and then the cold-resistant nutrient solution is sprayed on the watermelon seedlings every 7 days.
Example 13 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
the difference between this example and examples 1 and 12 is that the steps of spraying the cold-resistant nutrient solution are different, and the remaining steps are the same as those of examples 1 and 12, specifically as follows:
after the watermelon seeds are exposed to the white color, sowing the watermelon seeds in a nutrient medium for culturing, wherein the temperature is 26 ℃, after the watermelon seedlings grow two true leaves, root irrigation treatment is carried out on the seedlings by using a cold-resistant nutrient solution, each seedling is irrigated with 45ml, the seedlings are illuminated for 12h every day, the temperature is 10 ℃, the cold-resistant nutrient solution is uniformly sprayed on the front and back leaf surfaces of the watermelon seedlings after 6 days, the liquid dripped on the leaf surfaces is completely wet and thoroughly, and then the cold-resistant nutrient solution is sprayed on the watermelon seedlings every 9 days.
Example 14 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
the difference between this example and example 1 is that the step of spraying the growth protective agent is different, and the rest steps are the same as example 1, specifically as follows:
and (4) transplanting the watermelon seedlings to a field after 20 days, wherein the transplanting time is 10 middle ten days.
And (3) uniformly spraying a growth protective agent to the melon surface every 10 days during the fruit setting period of the watermelon, wherein the standard is that the melon surface is completely wet.
Example 15 a method of growing watermelons using a growth protectant, comprising the steps of:
the difference between this example and examples 1 and 13 is that the step of spraying the growth protective agent is different, and the remaining steps are the same as those of examples 1 and 13, specifically as follows:
and (4) transplanting the watermelon seedlings to a field after 20 days, wherein the transplanting time is 10 middle ten days.
And (3) uniformly spraying a growth protective agent to the melon surface every 12 days during the fruit setting period of the watermelon, wherein the standard is that the melon surface is completely wet.
The growth protective agent prepared in the embodiments 1 to 15 has a membrane pore size of about 42 to 58nm measured after film formation, can effectively block macromolecular substances such as pesticides and germs through micromolecular nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and is safe, harmless, green and environment-friendly; wherein the membrane pore size using the growth protective agent provided in example 1 is the smallest, only 42 nm; the film has long action time, and can be maintained for about 15 days after being sprayed once.
Comparative example 1
Selecting representative examples 1-3, removing the steps of preparing the cold-resistant nutrient solution and spraying the cold-resistant nutrient solution as a comparative example 1, comparing the growth condition of seedlings after 20 days, and measuring the content of malondialdehyde in leaves by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometry as the same as the seedling culture environment of the watermelons in the examples 1-3, wherein the specific table is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the table 1, when the cold-resistant nutrient solution is used for carrying out leaf surface spraying and root irrigation treatment in the watermelon seedling period, seedling plants are moderately dwarfed, stems are thickened, lateral roots are more, root systems are developed and robust, leaves are large and thick, and the content of malonaldehyde is reduced, which all indicate that the cold resistance of the seedlings is obviously improved.
Comparative examples 2 to 4
Representative examples 1, 6 and 7 are selected, wherein the beta-sitosterol citrate is not added in the preparation steps of the emulsion and is used as comparative examples 2 to 4, the growth protective agent is sprayed after the preparation, the membrane aperture is about 240-310nm after the membrane formation, the particle size of pesticide molecules is usually about 150 nm, the membrane generated by the growth protective agent prepared in the comparative example 2 can not effectively block the pesticide molecules, the membrane aperture is enlarged, and the situation that the compactness of the membrane is improved, the membrane aperture is reduced and the selective permeability is achieved due to the addition of the beta-sitosterol citrate is shown.
Comparative examples 5 to 6
Selecting representative example 1, not spraying the growth protective agent, and the rest being the same as example 1 as comparative example 5; the cold-resistant nutrient solution and the growth protective agent are not sprayed, and the rest are consistent with the example 1 and the comparative example 5 and are used as a comparative example 6; the content of malondialdehyde in the watermelon is measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at the middle growth stage of the watermelon fruit planted in the same low-temperature environment and at the temperature of 10-13 ℃, and the weight and sugar content of the watermelon are counted after the watermelon is ripe, which is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, when the cold-resistant nutrient solution and the growth protective agent are sprayed, the malondialdehyde content in the fruits is 3.6 mu mol/g, the single weight is 6.2Kg, and the sugar content is 13 percent under the low-temperature environment; in contrast, the comparative example 5 only sprays the growth protective agent, the content of malonaldehyde in the fruit is increased to 4.9 mu mol/g, the weight of each fruit is 4.6Kg, the sugar content is 12 percent, the sweetness is slightly reduced when the head is reduced; comparative example 6 neither the cold-resistant nutrient solution nor the growth protective agent was sprayed, the malonaldehyde content in the fruits was the highest, 6.1. mu. mol/g, the weight of each fruit was 2.7Kg, the sugar content was 9%, the number of watermelon plants was significantly reduced, and the taste was also poor; the cold-resistant nutrient solution and the growth protective agent both have the function of inhibiting the increase of the content of malonaldehyde, namely the cold resistance of the watermelon is improved, and the single weight and sweetness of the watermelon in a low-temperature environment are obviously improved; when the cold-resistant nutrient solution and the growth protective agent are used simultaneously, the cold-resistant effect is the best.
Except for special description, the percentages are mass percentages, and the ratios are mass ratios; the raw materials are all commercially available.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The growth protective agent is characterized by comprising 25-30 parts of emulsion, 2-4 parts of cyclopenta dimethyl siloxane, 1-2 parts of dimethyl siloxane, 3-5 parts of sucrose, 1-2 parts of 6-furfuryl aminopurine, 1-2 parts of honeysuckle extract and 110 parts of distilled water.
2. The method for planting watermelons using a growth protective agent according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises preparation of a cold-resistant nutrient solution, preparation of a growth protective agent and watermelon planting management.
3. The planting method using the growth protectant as claimed in claim 2, wherein the cold-resistant nutrient solution is prepared by stirring 8-13 parts of seaweed extract, 7-10 parts of Chinese iris extract, 3-5 parts of jasmine extract, 3-5 parts of astragalus extract, 1-2 parts of calcium nitrate, 78-6 parts of vitamin E4, 2-4 parts of vitamin C and 180 parts of distilled water at 50-60 ℃ for 20-30min, cooling to room temperature, and adding 0.4-0.6 part of 40% carbendazim.
4. The planting method adopting the growth protective agent as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preparation of the growth protective agent comprises drying, crushing, saponification, crystallization, esterification, preparation of emulsion and preparation of the protective agent.
5. A growing method using a growth protective agent according to claim 2, wherein said emulsion is prepared by mixing β -sitosterol, β -sitosterol citrate and lecithin in a ratio of 2-3: adding into a beaker at a ratio of 1:12-15, stirring for 3-5min, adding anhydrous ethanol, and continuing stirring for 15-20 min;
the addition amount of the absolute ethyl alcohol is 30-40% of the lecithin.
6. A planting method using a growth protectant according to claim 5, wherein the emulsion is prepared by preheating PBS solution to 50-55 deg.C, adding into a beaker with stirring and constant speed, removing ethanol by stirring at 40-50 deg.C for 60-80min, performing ultrasonic treatment at 6-10 deg.C for 5-8min, and filtering with 0.2-0.4 μm ultramicro membrane to obtain the emulsion.
7. A planting method using growth protective agent according to claim 6, wherein the concentration of PBS is 0.04-0.08mol/L, the pH is 7.0-7.5, and the addition amount is 100% of absolute ethyl alcohol.
8. The planting method adopting the growth protective agent as claimed in claim 2, wherein the watermelon planting management comprises seed acceleration, cold-resistant nutrient solution spraying and growth protective agent spraying.
9. The planting method adopting the growth protective agent as claimed in claim 8, wherein the cold-resistant nutrient solution is sprayed, after the watermelon seedlings grow two true leaves, the seedlings are subjected to root irrigation treatment by using the cold-resistant nutrient solution, each seedling is irrigated with 30-45ml, the cold-resistant nutrient solution is uniformly sprayed on the front and back of the watermelon seedlings after 5-6 days at 10-15 ℃ under daily illumination for 10-12h until all the liquid dripped on the leaf surface is completely wet, and then the cold-resistant nutrient solution is sprayed on the watermelon seedlings every 7-9 days.
10. The planting method adopting the growth protective agent as claimed in claim 8, wherein the growth protective agent is sprayed, and the growth protective agent is uniformly sprayed to the watermelon surface every 10-12 days during the fruit setting period of the watermelon.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114467655A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-05-13 | 优奈尔生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method for anti-cracking watermelons |
| CN115677412A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-02-03 | 西安德农生物科技有限公司 | Fertilizer capable of protecting fruit surfaces of crops and preparation method thereof |
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2021
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114467655A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-05-13 | 优奈尔生物科技有限公司 | Cultivation method for anti-cracking watermelons |
| CN115677412A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-02-03 | 西安德农生物科技有限公司 | Fertilizer capable of protecting fruit surfaces of crops and preparation method thereof |
| CN115677412B (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2024-02-23 | 西安德农生物科技有限公司 | Fertilizer capable of protecting crop fruit surfaces and preparation method thereof |
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