CN113533157A - A variable-opening detachable slit device for visualization experiments - Google Patents
A variable-opening detachable slit device for visualization experiments Download PDFInfo
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于可视化实验的变开度可拆卸裂隙装置，该装置包括可视化控制单元、变开度控制单元、边界控制及数据监测单元、粗糙度模拟单元等；可视化控制单元包括透明的裂隙上盘；变开度控制单元包含边界密封组件、变开度组件和不透明的裂隙下盘；边界控制及数据监测单元包括出入流组件、缓冲腔组件等。本发明装置用于实现裂隙开度大小的精确控制、裂隙边界的有效密封和实验过程中裂隙内部可视物理参量的变化，通过缓冲腔组件实现出入水流重分布，通过数据监测组件监测不同剖面位置的水压力或电阻率变化，通过粗糙度模拟单元模拟不同特征的裂隙粗糙度。该装置制作简单易行、重复性好、强度大、精度高，所得裂隙的平均开度值准确可靠。
The invention discloses a variable-opening detachable crack device for visualization experiments. The device includes a visual control unit, a variable-opening control unit, a boundary control and data monitoring unit, a roughness simulation unit, and the like; the visual control unit includes a transparent The upper wall of the fissure; the variable opening degree control unit includes the boundary sealing component, the variable opening degree component and the opaque lower fissure plate; the boundary control and data monitoring unit includes the inflow and outflow component, the buffer cavity component and so on. The device of the invention is used to realize the precise control of the opening of the fissure, the effective sealing of the fissure boundary and the change of the visible physical parameters inside the fissure during the experiment, realize the redistribution of the incoming and outgoing water flow through the buffer cavity component, and monitor the different profile positions through the data monitoring component. The change of water pressure or resistivity, and the fracture roughness of different characteristics is simulated by the roughness simulation unit. The device is simple and easy to manufacture, has good repeatability, high strength and high precision, and the average opening value of the obtained fractures is accurate and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fractured rock mass tests, and particularly relates to a variable-opening detachable fracture device for a visual experiment.
Background
In recent years, with the start-up construction of major underground projects such as carbon dioxide geological storage, large-scale water conservancy and hydropower engineering, underground water resource development and management, high-level radioactive waste geological disposal and the like, disasters such as seepage damage, pollutant leakage and the like in fractured rock mass become important issues of major concern in engineering and theoretical circles. The single fracture is used as a foundation for researching a discrete fracture network rock mass, and the average fracture opening and the fracture roughness of the single fracture have important influences on seepage and solute transport mechanisms in rock fractures, so that the research on the influences of the single fracture variable opening and the roughness on fluid flow and solute transport processes in the fractured rock mass has important significance on improving safe and stable operation of large underground engineering such as nuclear waste disposal, underground pollutant treatment and the like. For the above major engineering problems, the method generally has the characteristics of large burial depth, complex ground stress conditions, large water pressure and the like, and how to conveniently and accurately change the opening degree and the crack roughness of the crack and how to ensure the sealing performance and the model strength of the model boundary under the action of high stress and high water pressure of the crack model is not deeply researched at present. Moreover, visualization of seepage or pollutant migration processes is difficult to realize by adopting real fracture materials, and the research on rock fracture visualization is rare.
In the disclosed technology, a high-temperature fracture seepage simulation device (application number 201711423221.X) capable of changing the fracture opening degree is used for uniformly placing ceramic support balls in the fractures among rock blocks and the fractures between the fractures; a variable-opening-degree rough crack for a visualization experiment and a manufacturing method thereof (application number 201910238486.5) change the average opening degree of the crack by placing rigid gaskets with different thicknesses between water stop baffles at two sides of an upper disc and a lower disc of the crack; a device capable of quantitatively adjusting rock rough fracture opening degree and a using method thereof (application number 201911396537.3) are characterized in that two clamping devices are used for clamping an upper disc and a lower disc of a fracture sample respectively, and different fracture opening degrees are obtained through adjustment of an electric lifting platform. Although the three methods can change the opening degree of the fracture, inevitable damage caused by insufficient strength of the model cannot ensure that the same distance is increased at each position of the fracture, the adjustment of the opening degree of the fracture is complex, the operation is inconvenient, the real-time monitoring of the change of physical parameters (such as water pressure) in the fracture is difficult to realize, the boundary sealing performance under the action of high water pressure is difficult to ensure, and the like, and the method is difficult to apply in experimental design.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a variable-opening detachable fracture device for a visualization experiment. The device can utilize the high strength of rigid gasket, the elasticity and the self sealss nature characteristics of sealing strip, combines designability and the manufacturability of materials such as aluminum plate or organic glass, realizes accurate control of crack aperture size, the effective sealing at crack boundary, realizes the change of the inside visible physical parameter of crack in the experimentation to and the water pressure or the resistivity change of the inside different section positions of crack in the real-time supervision experimentation, improved the repeatability and the experimental result test accuracy nature of crack model experiment greatly.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a variable-opening detachable fracture device for a visual experiment comprises a visual control unit, a variable-opening control unit, a boundary control and data monitoring unit, a roughness simulation unit, a model base and a fracture space;
the visual control unit comprises a transparent fracture upper disc and a fixed template and is used for observing the change of physical parameters in the fracture in the experimental process;
the variable-opening control unit comprises a boundary sealing assembly, a variable-opening assembly and an opaque crack lower disc;
the boundary control and data monitoring unit comprises an inflow and outflow component, a buffer cavity component and a data monitoring component;
the roughness simulation unit comprises a rigid gasket with a certain shape and thickness;
a closed-loop groove with a certain depth is formed in the lower surface of the fracture upper disc; the closed-loop range of the closed-loop groove is larger than the area enclosed by the buffer cavity assembly and the crack space;
the boundary sealing assembly comprises a sealing strip with a certain diameter and a sealing glue with a certain bonding strength, the sealing glue is bonded at a closed-loop interface after the sealing strip is filled in the closed-loop groove, a closed-loop boundary with a certain elasticity is formed, and the closed-loop range of the closed-loop boundary is the key for realizing crack sealing;
the variable opening assembly comprises a rigid gasket with a certain thickness and is used for adjusting and controlling the opening of the crack;
a straight hole with a certain size is formed in one circle of the periphery of the upper fracture disc, a bolt sink groove with a certain size is formed in one circle of the periphery of the fixed template, a threaded hole with a certain size is formed in one circle of the periphery of the lower fracture disc, an opening with a certain size is formed in one circle of the periphery of the rigid gasket, the threaded holes correspond to the hole positions of the opening, the straight hole and the bolt sink groove one by one, the lower fracture disc, the rigid gasket, the upper fracture disc and the fixed template are connected through bolts, and the fracture space is constructed by utilizing the bolt tightening, the self-sealing characteristic of the sealing strip and the high-strength characteristic of the rigid gasket, so that the sealing of the fracture space can be realized, and the liquid leakage in the seepage or pollutant migration experiment process can be avoided; the opening degree of the crack space can be adjusted by replacing rigid gaskets with different thicknesses, so that variable opening degree control is realized;
the middle of the fixed template is hollowed and combined with the fracture upper disc to realize the visualization of the fracture space.
Further, the material of the upper disc of the crack can be selected from organic glass; the material of the fixed template can be selected from stainless steel, aluminum or organic glass, and is preferably aluminum; the material of the crack lower disc can be selected from stainless steel or aluminum materials, and is preferably aluminum materials.
Further, the cross-sectional shape of the closed-loop groove may be an inverted triangle, a quadrangle, or a semicircle, preferably a semicircle.
Further, the sealing strip can be a material with good elasticity and self-sealing performance, such as a sealing rubber strip and a sealing silica gel strip, and is preferably a sealing silica gel strip; the sealant can be silica gel with better adhesive property, and is preferably mold silicone rubber.
Furthermore, buffer grooves with certain specification and size are arranged at two ends of the lower surface of the upper disc with the crack, and the cross section of each buffer groove is quadrilateral.
Furthermore, buffer grooves with certain specifications and sizes are arranged at two ends of the upper surface of the lower disc of the crack, a plurality of through flow inlet and outlet ports are respectively arranged at two ends of the upper surface of the lower disc of the crack and used for connecting the flow inlet and outlet components, and a plurality of through sensor connecting ports are further arranged on the lower disc of the crack along the length direction and used for connecting the data monitoring components.
Furthermore, the inflow and outflow assembly can be connected with the inflow and outflow port by replacing connecting joints with different sizes, so that the combination with an external inflow and outflow device is realized, and experiments are carried out.
Furthermore, the data monitoring assembly comprises sensors such as a pore water pressure sensor and a high-density resistivity probe, and can be used for monitoring the water pressure or resistivity change of different section positions in the experimental process.
Further, the buffer cavity assembly comprises a buffer cavity and a water flow buffer assembly, and is used for realizing water flow redistribution and enabling water flow to uniformly flow into and out of the fracture model; the buffer cavity consists of a buffer groove of the upper disc of the crack and a buffer groove of the lower disc of the crack, and comprises an inflow buffer cavity and an outflow buffer cavity; the water flow buffering component can be made of porous materials such as sponge.
Further, the shape of the rigid gasket can be circular, quadrilateral or triangular, and the roughness of the crack channel is simulated by arranging different numbers of the rigid gaskets at different positions in the crack.
Furthermore, the model base is connected with the fixed template and the fracture lower plate through bolts, so that the fracture model can be vertically or horizontally placed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can realize the visualization of the experimental process and create conditions for observing the migration process of pollutants.
2. The invention utilizes the high-strength rigid gasket to control the opening size of the crack, and the obtained average opening value of the crack is accurate and reliable.
3. The invention is convenient to disassemble and assemble, and can quickly adjust to obtain a fracture model with any fracture opening.
4. The invention utilizes the characteristics of elasticity and self-sealing property of the sealing strip, and can efficiently realize the sealing property of the crack model boundary.
5. The invention has high integral strength, safety and reliability, and can be combined with the hypergravity centrifugal simulation technology to carry out related experiments in the hypergravity environment.
6. The invention has the advantages of simple and easy manufacture, good repeatability, high strength, high precision, easy installation and low cost.
7. The invention has important significance for researching the fluid seepage and solute migration process in fractured rock mass.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a variable-opening detachable slit device for visualization experiments provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a variable-opening detachable slit device for visualization experiments provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of a variable opening detachable slit apparatus for visualization experiments provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a rear view of a variable opening detachable slit apparatus for visualization experiments provided by embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a variable opening detachable slit apparatus for visualization experiments according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a roughness simulation unit I, a model base II, a fracture space III, a fracture upper disc 1, a closed loop groove 1-1, a straight through hole 1-2, a buffer groove 1-3, a fixed template 2, a bolt sinking groove 2-1, a fracture lower disc 3, a fracture lower disc threaded hole 3-1, an inflow and outflow port 3-2, a sensor connecting port 3-3, a buffer groove 3-4, a sealing strip 4, a rigid gasket 5-1, a rigid gasket opening 5-2, a buffer cavity 6-1 and a water flow buffer assembly 6-2.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the variable-opening detachable fracture device for the visualization experiment provided in this embodiment includes a visualization control unit, a variable-opening control unit, a boundary control and data monitoring unit, a roughness simulation unit I, a model base II, and a fracture space III; the visual control unit comprises a transparent fracture upper disc 1 and a fixed template 2 and is used for observing the change of physical parameters in the fracture in the experimental process; the variable-opening control unit comprises a boundary sealing assembly, a variable-opening assembly and an opaque crack lower disc 3; the boundary control and data monitoring unit comprises an inflow and outflow component, a buffer cavity component and a data monitoring component; the roughness simulation unit I comprises a rigid gasket with a certain shape and thickness.
A closed-loop groove 1-1 with a certain depth is formed in the lower surface of the transparent crack upper disc 1 and used for placing the sealing strip 4; the closed loop extent of the closed loop recess 1-1 is greater than the area enclosed by the buffer chamber assembly and the crevice space III.
The boundary sealing assembly comprises a sealing strip 4 with a certain diameter and a sealing glue with a certain bonding strength, the sealing glue is used for bonding at a closed-loop interface after the sealing strip 4 is filled in the closed-loop groove 1-1, a closed-loop boundary with a certain elasticity can be formed, and the closed-loop range of the closed-loop boundary is the key for realizing crack sealing.
The variable opening assembly comprises a rigid gasket 5-1 with a certain thickness and is used for adjusting and controlling the size of the opening of the crack.
A circle of the periphery of the transparent crack upper disc 1 is provided with a straight through hole 1-2 with a certain size, a circle of the periphery of the fixed template 2 is provided with a bolt sink 2-1 with a certain size, a circle of the periphery of the opaque crack lower disc 3 is provided with a threaded hole 3-1 with a certain size, a circle of the periphery of the rigid gasket 5-1 is provided with an opening 5-2 with a certain size, the threaded hole 3-1 is in one-to-one correspondence with the hole positions of the opening 5-2, the straight through hole 1-2 and the bolt sink 2-1, the crack lower plate 3, the rigid gasket 5-1, the crack upper plate 1 and the fixed template 2 are connected through bolts, and a crack space III is formed by utilizing the tightening of the bolts, the self-sealing property of the sealing strip and the high-strength characteristic of the rigid gasket, the crack space III can be sealed, and liquid leakage in the process of carrying out seepage or pollutant migration experiment is avoided; the opening size of the crack space III can be adjusted by replacing the rigid gaskets 5-1 with different thicknesses, so that variable opening control is realized.
The middle of the fixed template 2 is hollowed and combined with the transparent fracture upper plate 1 to realize the visualization of the fracture space III.
The material of the upper plate 1 in the crack can be selected from organic glass; the material of the fixed template 2 can be selected from stainless steel, aluminum or organic glass, and is preferably aluminum; the material of the crack lower disc 3 can be selected from stainless steel or aluminum materials, and is preferably aluminum materials.
The cross-sectional shape of the closed-loop groove 1-1 may be an inverted triangle, a quadrangle, or a semicircle, preferably a semicircle.
The sealing strip 4 can be a sealing rubber strip, a sealing silica gel strip and other materials with good elasticity and self-sealing performance, and is preferably a sealing silica gel strip; the sealant can be silica gel with better adhesive property, and is preferably mold silicon rubber.
Buffer grooves 1-3 with certain specification and dimension are arranged at two ends of the lower surface of the transparent crack upper disc 1, and the cross section of each buffer groove 1-3 is quadrilateral.
Buffer grooves 3-4 with certain specification and size are arranged at two ends of the upper surface of the opaque crack lower disc 3, 4 through flow in and out ports 3-2 are respectively arranged at two ends and are used for connecting a flow in and out component, and at least 5 through sensor connecting ports 3-3 are also arranged along the length direction of the opaque crack lower disc 5 and are used for connecting a data monitoring component.
The inflow and outflow assembly can be connected with the inflow and outflow port 3-2 by replacing connecting joints with different sizes, so that the combination with an external inflow and outflow device is realized, and an experiment is carried out.
The data monitoring assembly comprises sensors such as a pore water pressure sensor and a high-density resistivity probe, and can be used for monitoring the water pressure or resistivity change of different section positions in the experimental process.
The buffer cavity assembly comprises a buffer cavity 6-1 and a water flow buffer assembly 6-2 and is used for realizing water flow redistribution and enabling water flow to uniformly flow into and out of the fracture model; the buffer cavity 6-1 is formed by buffer grooves 1-3 of the upper disc of the crack and buffer grooves 3-4 of the lower disc of the crack, and the buffer cavity 6-1 comprises an inflow buffer cavity and an outflow buffer cavity; the water flow buffering component 6-2 can be a porous material such as sponge.
The shape of the rigid gasket can be circular, quadrilateral or triangular, and the roughness of a crack channel is simulated by arranging different numbers of rigid gaskets at different positions in the crack.
The model base II is connected with the fixed template 2 and the opaque crack lower plate 3 through bolts, so that the crack model can be vertically or horizontally placed.
The working process of the device of the invention is as follows:
firstly, horizontally placing the upper surface of a fracture lower disc on an operation platform in an upward mode, and placing a rigid gasket with a circular section on the upper surface of the fracture lower disc according to a certain arrangement sequence to simulate the roughness of a fracture channel; secondly, placing a rigid gasket with a certain thickness on the upper surface of the crack lower plate, and simulating the opening size of the crack; then, the lower surface of the fracture upper disc is horizontally placed on an operation platform in an upward mode, sealing strips with certain diameters are filled in an annular groove of the fracture upper disc, high-strength sealing glue is used for bonding connection at a closed-loop interface to form a closed-loop boundary with certain elasticity, and then sponge is filled in a buffer groove of the fracture upper disc; then, the upper fracture plate is turned over, the through holes of the upper fracture plate and the threaded holes of the lower fracture plate are in one-to-one correspondence and are attached, and the protruding parts of the sponge are filled in the buffer grooves of the lower fracture plate to form a complete buffer cavity, so that the water flow weight distribution in the test process is ensured, and the water flow uniformly flows into and out of the fracture model; then, horizontally placing a fixed template on the upper surface of the crack upper disc, sequentially penetrating a bolt sink groove of the fixed template, a through hole of the crack upper disc, a through hole of a rigid gasket and a threaded hole of a crack lower disc by using a screw rod for bolt tightening connection, constructing a crack space and realizing the sealing of the crack space by using the self-sealing characteristic of a sealing strip and the high-strength characteristic of the rigid gasket, thereby avoiding liquid leakage in the process of carrying out seepage or pollutant migration experiments; and finally, connecting the model base with the fixed template and the fracture lower disc through bolts, vertically placing the completely assembled fracture model, simultaneously connecting the water level control system with the inflow and outflow ports positioned on the fracture lower disc respectively through the connecting joints, controlling the water levels at two ends of the fracture model, and connecting the pore water pressure sensor with the sensor connecting port of the fracture lower disc for monitoring the pore pressure change inside the fracture in the test process in real time. After the connection is finished, a water level control system is started to carry out a fracture seepage test, and the seepage process inside the fracture is observed through a transparent fracture upper disc.
One skilled in the art can, using the teachings of the present invention, readily make various changes and modifications to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Any modifications and equivalent variations of the above-described embodiments, which are made in accordance with the technical spirit and substance of the present invention, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (10)
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114518311A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-20 | 河北工业大学 | Visual controllable rough single-crack seepage simulation device and use method thereof |
| CN115372221A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-11-22 | 浙江大学 | 3D printing variable-opening fracture model and method for seepage experiment |
| CN115372222A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-11-22 | 浙江大学 | Device for variable-aperture network fractured rock mass seepage experiment |
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