CN111307689A - Model and method for simulating rough and fluctuant crack surface and crack opening degree of rock mass - Google Patents
Model and method for simulating rough and fluctuant crack surface and crack opening degree of rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN111307689A CN111307689A CN202010282690.XA CN202010282690A CN111307689A CN 111307689 A CN111307689 A CN 111307689A CN 202010282690 A CN202010282690 A CN 202010282690A CN 111307689 A CN111307689 A CN 111307689A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
Abstract
The invention discloses a model and a method for simulating rough and fluctuant crack surfaces and crack opening degrees of rock masses, wherein the model is manufactured by two organic glass plates, rectangular grooves with the same shape and size are carved on the upper surfaces of the organic glass plates at equal intervals, insertion blocks matched with the grooves are manufactured according to the shape and size of the grooves, the insertion blocks can be inserted into the grooves and seal the grooves, no gap exists between the insertion blocks and the grooves after insertion, epoxy resin is coated between the insertion blocks and the grooves for sealing, and the grooves sealed by the insertion blocks and the upper surfaces of the organic glass plates are on the same horizontal plane, so that the upper surfaces of the organic glass plates form smooth flat plates. The model simulates random fluctuation in a rock mass by manufacturing the insert with the bulge, researches various different rough fluctuation forms and fluctuation positions, and only needs to design the bulge on the insert with the bulge into a corresponding shape and insert the bulge into a corresponding groove.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock seepage, in particular to a model for simulating rough and fluctuant crack surfaces and crack opening degrees of actual rock mass and a method for performing a crack seepage experiment by using the model.
Background
Along with the continuous development of human socioeconomic, the range of engineering construction and production is wider and wider, such as the large-scale construction of petroleum engineering, nuclear waste storage, hydraulic engineering, mining and the like, the problem of engineering becomes more complicated and difficult due to the interaction of rock mass and fluid, the development of the engineering is influenced, even the safety of the engineering is ensured, water disaster accidents caused by rock mass seepage frequently occur, more than 90% of coal mine water inrush accidents in China are related to rock stratum water seepage, more than 80% of coal mine gas outburst accidents are directly related to rock mass stress release and gas permeability change caused by coal seam mining, more than 35% -40% of hydropower engineering dam failure is caused by water seepage, and more than 90% of rock mass instability damage is related to underground water seepage. Therefore, the research on the seepage characteristics of the rock mass has very important significance for engineering construction and resource development.
The rock mass is a special porous medium consisting of a rock block structural body and a fracture structural surface. The permeability of the rock mass pores is however very weak and therefore the permeability of the rock mass is mainly dependent on the fracture system of the rock mass. The natural fractures are all developed in a three-dimensional space, the surfaces of the fractures are not smooth and straight but rough and fluctuant up and down, the roughness of the fracture surfaces plays an important role in the seepage characteristics of rock masses, most of the existing researches simplify the seepage between the fracture surfaces into flowing between two smooth parallel plates or simplify the fractures into an ideal curve, so that the accuracy and the adaptability of the research results are influenced to a great extent, and the real rock mass seepage experiment rule cannot be obtained. And the opening degree of the crack surface between the rock bodies is not single, so that a large amount of opening degree changes exist, and the opening degree has important influence on the crack overflowing capacity. Because the existing device can not simulate the real flowing state of fluid seepage in the rough fracture surface of the actual rock mass, it is necessary to design a visual model for observing the flowing rule of the fluid in the fracture surface when the roughness and the opening degree of the fracture surface are different.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a model for simulating rough and fluctuating fracture surfaces and fracture openings of an actual rock mass and a method for performing fracture seepage experiments by using the model. If the method can be matured continuously and popularized, basic theoretical research of rough fracture seepage can be promoted greatly, and theoretical guidance is provided for experiments and practical application.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is a model for simulating rough and fluctuant crack surfaces and crack opening degrees of rock masses, which is made of two organic glass plates, rectangular grooves with the same shape and size are carved on the upper surfaces of the organic glass plates at equal intervals, and the grooves are distributed on the upper surfaces of the organic glass plates at equal intervals. The insertion block matched with the groove is manufactured according to the shape and the size of the groove, the insertion block can be inserted into the groove and seals the groove, no gap exists between the insertion block and the groove after insertion, epoxy resin is coated between the insertion block and the groove for sealing, and the groove sealed by the insertion block and the upper surface of the organic glass plate are on the same horizontal plane, so that the upper surface of the organic glass plate forms a smooth flat plate. In order to simulate the roughness of the surface of a rock mass, a bulge is manufactured on the upper surface of the insert block, the shape of the bulge is determined according to the rock mass fluctuation shape to be simulated at each position, and the insert block with the bulge is inserted into the groove position needing to consider the roughness. The roughness of different crack surfaces was simulated by making raised inserts. In order to simplify the consideration during the fracture seepage experiment, the fracture surface of the rock mass is ideally simplified into a smooth flat plate or an ideal curve type, and the upper surface of the line type can simulate the smooth flat plate or the ideal curve type and the actual roughness of the rock mass.
Furthermore, the slots with certain depth are carved on the two sides of the organic glass plate along the horizontal direction, and the length of the slots in the horizontal direction is equal to that of the organic glass plate.
Furthermore, the same grooves and slots are carved on two organic glass plates with the same shape and size, and a seepage channel between crack surfaces of a rock body is simulated through a gap formed between the two organic glass plates. Two organic glass plates are fixed by manufacturing the insertion plate, the length of the insertion plate is equal to that of the insertion slots, the upper side and the lower side of the insertion plate are respectively provided with a bulge, the shape and the size of each bulge are matched with those of the insertion slots, so that the bulges can be inserted into the insertion slots, and the height of the insertion plate is the distance between the two insertion slots. The insert plates are inserted into the slots at two sides to prevent fluid from flowing out from two sides of the model seepage channel, and the fluid flows into one side of the seepage channel and flows out from the other side during experiments. The opening change between the crack surfaces is simulated by changing the distance between the two organic glass plates, and the insertion plate matched with the distance between the two organic glass plates is manufactured.
A method for simulating rough and fluctuant crack surfaces and crack opening degrees of rock masses is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) engraving grooves and slots with the same size on two organic glass plates with the same size;
step two: scanning a rock mass crack surface to be simulated to obtain a three-dimensional crack surface diagram, removing the interference of impurities in the rock mass by processing the images such as identification, conversion and the like to obtain the rock mass crack surface diagram matched with the rock mass crack surface to be simulated, and determining the fluctuation shape of the rock mass crack surface diagram according to a certain distance;
step three: respectively manufacturing corresponding insertion blocks with bulges on the two organic glass plates according to the fluctuation shapes of all the positions, inserting the insertion blocks with the bulges into the grooves, and inserting the insertion blocks into the positions without roughness to ensure that the fluctuation of all the positions on the two organic glass plates is matched with the fluctuation of the crack surface of the rock body;
step four: determining the opening degree of a crack surface to be considered, adjusting the distance between the two organic glass plates to the opening degree, and inserting the inserting plate with the corresponding height into the slot to form a seepage channel between the two organic glass plates;
step five: carrying out seepage experiment on the models to enable fluid to flow in seepage channels among the models, measuring required physical quantity, and shooting the flow process of the fluid in real time above the models through a high-speed camera;
step six: after the group of opening degrees and the roughness are finished, changing the distance between the two organic glass plates, inserting the upper insertion plate with the matched height, and performing an experiment on the change of the fracture opening degree;
step seven: and after the opening degree change experiment is finished, performing the crack surface roughness experiment, changing the insert block in the position to be considered when the roughness change is considered, without manufacturing a model again, and manufacturing the bulge on the insert block with the bulge into the required shape and size and inserting the bulge into the groove.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the whole model is made of transparent organic glass plates, the seepage condition of the fluid between the fracture surfaces can be visually observed in an experiment, and the flowing condition of the fluid seen in the fracture surfaces can be shot and recorded in real time through a high-definition camera.
(2) The model of the invention can simulate rough undulations in the underground rock mass. When the existing model carries out rough fracture seepage, a rough rock body is often simplified into a smooth flat plate or ideal curves such as a sine type and a sawtooth type, but the roughness of the actual rock body has anisotropy and non-uniformity and is not fluctuation of the ideal curves.
The model can simulate random fluctuation in a rock body by manufacturing the insert block with the protrusion, and research various different rough fluctuation forms and fluctuation positions, only the protrusion on the insert block with the protrusion is required to be designed into a corresponding shape and inserted into the corresponding groove, and the complexity of the actual rough crack surface is considered, so that not only can the crack surface of the rock body be simulated, but also a simplified smooth flat plate and an ideal curve can be simulated. And the processing process is simple and the manufacturing efficiency is high.
(3) In the prior art, only one roughness can be defined by one model, multiple groups of models need to be manufactured when a roughness experiment is carried out, and the processing cost is high. The model can be used for carrying out experiments on multiple groups of roughness, has the advantage of being reusable, can change the roughness only by manufacturing the protrusions on the insert blocks with the protrusions into required shapes and sizes, can be used for repeatedly carrying out multiple groups of rough fracture seepage experiments, and is economical and practical.
(4) The change of the crack opening degree in the underground rock body can be simulated, and the coupling influence of the crack surface roughness and the crack opening degree on the seepage characteristic is considered.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a model for simulating rough and fluctuating fracture surfaces and fracture openings of an actual rock mass.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the organic glass plate, the insert block and the insert plate in the model.
Figure 3 is a top view of the plexiglas plate in the mold.
Fig. 4 is a side view of the plexiglas plate in the mold.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the operation of the seepage experiment using the model.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a water tank in a flow chart of operation of a seepage experiment.
In the figure: 1-model; 2-organic glass plate; 2 a-slot; 2 b-a groove; 3-inserting blocks; 3 a-an insert with a bulge; 4, inserting a board; 5-a flow supply box; 5 a-a gate; 5 b-a water outlet; 5 c-a water overflow; 6-horizontal table; 7-a transparent hose; 8-a water tank; 9-a recycling bin; 10-a high-speed camera; 11-computer.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are the preferred embodiments of the basic embodiments, and the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
example 1
The experimental process is shown in FIG. 5, and the device comprises a model 1; 5-a flow supply box; 6-horizontal table; 7-a transparent hose; 8-a water tank; 9-a recycling bin; 10-a high-speed camera; 11-computer.
Firstly, scanning a rock mass crack surface to be simulated to obtain a three-dimensional crack surface diagram, removing the interference of impurities in the rock mass by processing the images such as identification, conversion and the like to obtain an accurate rock mass crack surface diagram, and determining the fluctuation shape of the rock mass crack surface diagram according to a certain distance.
A model 1 is manufactured, and the model 1 is composed of two organic glass plates 2, an inserting block 3 and an inserting plate 4 as shown in figure 1. The two organic glass plates 2 are respectively carved with a slot 2a and a groove 2b with the same shape and size, the convex shape of the insert block 3a with the bulge is manufactured according to the fluctuation shape of each position of the crack surface of the upper rock body and the lower rock body, the insert block 3a with the bulge is inserted into the corresponding position of the groove 2b on the two organic glass plates 2, and the insert block 3 is inserted into the groove 2b without fluctuation. Determining the opening degree of the crack surface, adjusting the distance between the two pieces of organic glass 2 to the opening degree, inserting the inserting plates 4 into the slots 2a at the two sides to fix the two pieces of organic glass 2 and seal the two sides, so that a seepage channel is formed between the two pieces of organic glass 2.
The manufactured model 1 is placed on a horizontal table 6, one side of the seepage channel of the model 1 is butted with a water outlet 5b of the flow supply box 5, and the water in the flow supply box 5 can completely flow into the model. The upper part of the water tank 5 is connected with the water tank 8 through a transparent hose 7, so that the water level in the water tank 8 is higher than the water level in the water supply tank 5, water in the water tank 8 continuously flows into the water supply tank 5 according to the siphon principle, pressure is provided for fluid seepage through a water head, overflow ports 5c are arranged on two sides of the water supply tank for keeping the water head constant, and when the water level is higher than the overflow ports, the water flows out from two sides.
When the seepage experiment is carried out, the gate 5a of the flow supply box 5 is opened, so that the fluid in the flow supply box flows into the model 1, the flowing state of the fluid in a seepage channel is shot by the high-speed camera 10, the high-speed camera is connected with the computer 11 to carry out data analysis in real time, the fluid flows in from one side of the model, flows out to the recovery box 9 from the other side, and the fluid flow is calculated through the scales on the recovery box. After one set of experiments is finished, the roughness of the crack surface can be changed, and only the shape and/or the size of the bulge on the plug-in block 3a with the bulge on the organic glass plate 2 need to be changed, or the position of the plug-in block 3a with the bulge is changed. After the roughness experiment is finished, the crack opening degree experiment is carried out, only the distance between the two organic glass plates 2 is changed, the inserting plate 4 with the corresponding height is inserted, and the seepage experiment is carried out according to the method.
The above description is only one embodiment of the present invention, and not all or only one embodiment, and any equivalent alterations to the technical solutions of the present invention, which are made by those skilled in the art through reading the present specification, are covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A model for simulating rough and fluctuant crack surfaces and crack opening degrees of rock masses is characterized in that: the model is made of two organic glass plates, rectangular grooves with the same shape and size are engraved on the upper surfaces of the organic glass plates at equal intervals, and the grooves are distributed on the upper surfaces of the organic glass plates at equal intervals; manufacturing an insert block matched with the groove according to the shape and size of the groove, wherein the insert block can be inserted into the groove and seal the groove, no gap exists between the insert block and the groove after insertion, epoxy resin is coated between the insert block and the groove for sealing, and the groove sealed by the insert block and the upper surface of the organic glass plate are on the same horizontal plane, so that the upper surface of the organic glass plate forms a smooth flat plate; in order to simulate the roughness of the surface of a rock mass, a bulge is manufactured on the upper surface of the insert block, the shape of the bulge is determined according to the rock mass fluctuation shape to be simulated at each position, and the insert block with the bulge is inserted into the position of a groove with the roughness to be considered; simulating the roughness of different crack surfaces by manufacturing an insert with a bulge; in order to simplify the consideration when carrying out the fracture seepage experiment, the fracture surface of the rock mass is ideally simplified into a smooth flat plate or an ideal curve.
2. The model for simulating rough and rough rock mass fissure surface and fissure opening degree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the slots with certain depth are carved on the two sides of the organic glass plate along the horizontal direction, and the length of the slots in the horizontal direction is equal to that of the organic glass plate.
3. The model for simulating rough and rough rock mass fissure surface and fissure opening degree according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the same grooves and slots are carved on two organic glass plates with the same shape and size, and a seepage channel between crack surfaces of a rock body is simulated through a gap formed between the two organic glass plates; two organic glass plates are fixed by manufacturing a plug board, the length of the plug board is equal to that of the slots, the upper side and the lower side of the plug board are respectively provided with a bulge, the shape and the size of the bulge are matched with those of the slots, so that the bulge can be inserted into the slots, and the height of the plug board is the distance between the two slots; inserting the inserting plates into the slots at two sides to prevent fluid from flowing out from two sides of the model seepage channel, and enabling the fluid to flow into one side of the seepage channel and flow out from the other side during experiments; the opening change between the crack surfaces is simulated by changing the distance between the two organic glass plates, and the insertion plate matched with the distance between the two organic glass plates is manufactured.
4. A method for simulating rough and fluctuating crack faces and crack opening of a rock mass by using the model of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) engraving grooves and slots with the same size on two organic glass plates with the same size;
step two: scanning a rock mass crack surface to be simulated to obtain a three-dimensional crack surface diagram, identifying and converting the diagram to remove the interference of impurities in the rock mass to obtain the rock mass crack surface diagram matched with the rock mass crack surface to be simulated, and determining the undulation shape according to a certain distance;
step three: respectively manufacturing corresponding insertion blocks with bulges on the two organic glass plates according to the fluctuation shapes of all the positions, inserting the insertion blocks with the bulges into the grooves, and inserting the insertion blocks into the positions without roughness to ensure that the fluctuation of all the positions on the two organic glass plates is matched with the fluctuation of the crack surface of the rock body;
step four: determining the opening degree of a crack surface to be considered, adjusting the distance between the two organic glass plates to the opening degree, and inserting the inserting plate with the corresponding height into the slot to form a seepage channel between the two organic glass plates;
step five: carrying out seepage experiment on the models to enable fluid to flow in seepage channels among the models, measuring required physical quantity, and shooting the flow process of the fluid in real time above the models through a high-speed camera;
step six: after the group of opening degrees and the roughness are finished, changing the distance between the two organic glass plates, inserting the upper insertion plate with the matched height, and performing an experiment on the change of the fracture opening degree;
step seven: and after the opening degree change experiment is finished, performing the crack surface roughness experiment, changing the insert block in the position to be considered when the roughness change is considered, without manufacturing a model again, and manufacturing the bulge on the insert block with the bulge into the required shape and size and inserting the bulge into the groove.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN112595644A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-04-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Model device and method for simulating rough and fluctuant crack surface and crack opening degree of rock mass |
| CN113514367A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-10-19 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Experimental device for simulation rock mass crack slip casting process and pressure monitoring system |
| CN113533157A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-10-22 | 浙江大学 | Variable-opening detachable fracture device for visual experiment |
| CN113758849A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-12-07 | 山东大学 | Fracture simulation structure, fracture flowing water plugging test device and method |
| CN114078356A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-22 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Modularized prefabricated crack grouting experiment device and method |
| CN114675004A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-28 | 中国矿业大学 | Mining three-dimensional crack simulation plate preparation device and water burst and sand burst simulation method |
| CN115372221A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-11-22 | 浙江大学 | 3D printing variable-opening fracture model and method for seepage experiment |
| CN116539813A (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-08-04 | 西南石油大学 | Wall roughness adjustable fissure medium microorganism mineralization shutoff model and device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112595644A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-04-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Model device and method for simulating rough and fluctuant crack surface and crack opening degree of rock mass |
| CN113514367A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-10-19 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Experimental device for simulation rock mass crack slip casting process and pressure monitoring system |
| CN113533157A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-10-22 | 浙江大学 | Variable-opening detachable fracture device for visual experiment |
| CN113758849A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-12-07 | 山东大学 | Fracture simulation structure, fracture flowing water plugging test device and method |
| CN114078356A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-22 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Modularized prefabricated crack grouting experiment device and method |
| CN114078356B (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2024-04-09 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Modularized precast crack grouting experimental device and method |
| CN114675004A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-28 | 中国矿业大学 | Mining three-dimensional crack simulation plate preparation device and water burst and sand burst simulation method |
| CN115372221A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-11-22 | 浙江大学 | 3D printing variable-opening fracture model and method for seepage experiment |
| CN115372221B (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2023-06-16 | 浙江大学 | 3D printing variable opening fracture model and method for seepage experiment |
| CN116539813A (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-08-04 | 西南石油大学 | Wall roughness adjustable fissure medium microorganism mineralization shutoff model and device |
| CN116539813B (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2024-04-09 | 西南石油大学 | Wall roughness adjustable crack medium microorganism mineralization shutoff model device |
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