CN115372221B - 3D printing variable opening fracture model and method for seepage experiment - Google Patents
3D printing variable opening fracture model and method for seepage experiment Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D printing variable opening fracture model and a method for a seepage experiment. The method comprises the steps that a rock mass fracture network-shaped fracture cavity is arranged in a 3D printing variable-opening fracture model, fracture side plates are arranged on two sides of the rock mass fracture network-shaped fracture cavity, a fracture opening control elastic cushion block is arranged between the two side fracture side plates of the fracture cavity along the fracture extending direction, and the two side fracture side plates are in sealed connection along the fracture extending direction through the fracture opening control elastic cushion block; the 3D printing variable opening fracture model is divided into a plurality of spaces through the fracture cavity and fracture side plates at two sides of the fracture cavity, a matrix framework is arranged in each space, and sealing holes for filling materials are formed in the matrix framework. The model and the method are simple and feasible, the model design can meet the personalized requirements, the precision is high, and the manufacturing cost is low; the seepage experiment of the fracture rock mass model with controllable fracture opening can be realized, and the application range is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a fractured rock mass model and a method in the field of deep rock mass seepage experiments, and particularly relates to a 3D printing variable opening fracture model and a method for seepage experiments.
Background
In recent years, with the beginning construction of major underground projects such as underground oil and gas resource exploitation, carbon dioxide geological sequestration, nuclear waste geological disposal and the like, research contents such as multiphase flow motion process characteristics, pollutant migration and the like in fractured rock mass become the problem of important discussion in engineering and theoretical circles. Important indexes such as average opening degree and roughness of cracks are used as the basis for researching discrete crack network rock mass, and the method has important significance for researching single-phase and multiphase seepage and pollutant migration mechanisms in developed rock cracks. However, in the simulation experiment, it is difficult to study the process by using rock samples, and the roughness and the opening degree of the cracks cannot be easily controlled. Therefore, the influence of the opening degree and the roughness of the fracture on the fluid flow and the pollutant migration process in the fractured rock mass is studied, and the method has important significance for the safe and stable operation of large-scale underground engineering such as underground oil and gas resource exploitation, carbon dioxide geological storage, nuclear waste geological disposal and the like. How to simply and conveniently change the opening degree, the crack roughness and the crack shape of the crack model is still a technical problem, and the prior art disclosed at present still has the characteristics of higher cost, complex device and difficult personalized design of the crack shape.
In the prior art, a device capable of quantitatively adjusting the opening degree of a rock rough crack and a use method thereof (application number 201911396537.3) are disclosed, wherein two clamping devices are used for respectively clamping upper and lower discs of a crack sample and are used for adjusting and obtaining different crack opening degrees through an electric lifting platform, but the defects of complex crack opening degree adjustment and inconvenient operation exist; a rock cross-fracture seepage test device (application number 202010352357.1) is characterized in that a matrix framework mold is formed by 3D printing, and concrete is poured to form a model, so that parameters such as fracture cross angle shape and the like can be flexibly set, but fracture opening cannot be changed, and the whole process is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the 3D printing technology cannot accurately control the crack model when the crack model is directly printed with too small opening, the invention aims to provide a 3D printing variable opening crack model and a 3D printing variable opening crack model method for seepage experiments, which are used for realizing crack rock mass seepage experiments with controllable crack opening.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the 3D printing variable opening fracture model comprises a fracture side disc, a fracture opening control elastic cushion block, a fracture cavity and a matrix framework; the method comprises the steps that a rock mass fracture network-shaped fracture cavity is arranged in a 3D printing variable-opening fracture model, fracture side plates are arranged on two sides of the rock mass fracture network-shaped fracture cavity, a fracture opening control elastic cushion block is arranged between the two side fracture side plates of the fracture cavity along the fracture extending direction, and the two side fracture side plates are in sealed connection along the fracture extending direction through the fracture opening control elastic cushion block; the 3D printing variable opening fracture model is divided into a plurality of spaces through the fracture cavity and fracture side plates at two sides of the fracture cavity, a matrix framework is arranged in each space, and sealing holes for filling materials are formed in the matrix framework.
The two ends of the crack cavity extend to two symmetrical side surfaces of the 3D printing variable opening crack model in the direction perpendicular to the crack extension direction, so that ports, extending to the two side surfaces of the 3D printing variable opening crack model, of the two ends of the crack cavity are used as an inflow port and an outflow port respectively, and the crack cavity is used for simulating a crack seepage channel in a rock body.
The surface of the two-side fracture side plates, which is in contact with the fracture cavity, is a smooth surface or a rough surface with protrusions and depressions, the rough surface with the protrusions and depressions is arranged to simulate the roughness of the rock mass fracture, and the shapes of the protrusions and the depressions are determined according to the simulated rock mass roughness requirement.
The fracture cavity in the shape of the rock mass fracture network is identical in cross section along the fracture extending direction, and each cross section is formed by mutually crossing a plurality of strip-shaped fractures and is used for simulating a complex fracture network in the rock mass.
The lengths of the crack cavity and the crack side disc along the crack extending direction are consistent with the lengths of the 3D printing variable opening crack model.
The sealing hole is provided with a plug for sealing, and the plug is connected with the sealing hole through threads to form sealing.
The sealing holes are used for filling particles so that the cavities inside the matrix frame are filled.
The matrix frame is of a hollow structure and comprises a supporting frame, the supporting frame is fixed on the slit side disc, an inner cavity of the supporting frame is a matrix frame cavity, particles are filled in the matrix frame cavity, and the supporting frame is provided with sealing holes.
The 3D printing variable opening fracture model is arranged in a loading device and then in a hypergravity centrifugal machine.
The 3D printing variable opening fracture model is manufactured by 3D printing.
The slit side disc is made of resin, metal and other materials with certain rigidity and water impermeability; the crack opening degree control elastic cushion block is made of rubber, silica gel and other materials with certain elasticity and water impermeability; the matrix framework is made of resin, organic glass and other watertight materials; the crack cavity is pre-filled with a water-soluble supporting material during printing.
The invention also performs opening control: applying side pressure to two sides of the 3D printing variable-opening fracture model along the direction perpendicular to the fracture extension direction, extruding the 3D printing variable-opening fracture model to adjust the fracture cavity, and performing variable control on the opening of the 3D printing variable-opening fracture model by adjusting the numerical value of the side pressure.
According to the invention, the 3D printing process is used for integrally printing the crack models with variable opening degree formed by different materials, so that the model manufacturing accuracy is improved, and the crack shape, distribution and roughness can be set individually; the deformation of the elastic cushion block is controlled by loading and controlling the opening degree of the crack, so that the opening degree of the crack cavity is changed, and the defect that the 3D printing technology can not accurately control the crack model when the opening degree is too small is overcome;
the matrix framework adopts a hollow structure filling mode, so that the model manufacturing cost is greatly saved. The model and the method are simple and feasible, the model design can meet personalized requirements, and the precision is high; the seepage experiment of the fracture rock mass model with controllable fracture opening can be realized, the application range is wide, and the manufacturing cost of the model is greatly reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can realize quantitative change of the fracture opening of the fracture rock mass seepage simulation experiment, and the fracture opening can be flexibly adjusted by applying load to the fracture side disc and utilizing the elasticity and the tightness characteristics of the cushion block to enable the cushion block to be extruded and deformed.
2. The invention utilizes the 3D printing technology to integrally print the crack model, can personally set geometric parameters such as crack shape and distribution, initial opening degree, roughness and the like, can change the shape of the whole model according to the requirements of an experimental device, and has the advantages of high printing precision and wide application range.
3. The invention provides internal support for the crack matrix framework in a filling mode, thereby greatly saving the manufacturing cost of the model, and the method is simple and easy to implement and has strong applicability.
4. The invention has wide selection of materials, can meet the impermeability of the fracture matrix by the fracture side plate, and can ensure the integral sealing effect.
5. The invention has important significance for researching the fluid seepage and pollutant migration processes in fractured rock mass.
The model and the method are simple and feasible, the model design can meet the personalized requirements, the precision is high, and the manufacturing cost is low; the seepage experiment of the fracture rock mass model with controllable fracture opening can be realized, and the application range is wide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the aperture control of a 3D printing variable aperture fracture model for seepage experiments provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a 3D printed variable opening single fracture model for a seepage experiment provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a 3D printed variable opening fracture network model for seepage experiments provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a fracture network perspective view of a 3D printed variable opening fracture network model for seepage experiments provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a 3D printed variable opening fracture network model for seepage experiments provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: the crack side disc 1, the crack opening degree control elastic cushion block 2, the crack cavity 3, the matrix frame 4, the supporting frame 4-1, the matrix frame cavity 4-2 and the sealing hole 5.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the 3D printing variable opening fracture model for the seepage experiment provided in this embodiment includes a fracture side plate 1, a fracture opening control elastic cushion block 2, a fracture cavity 3, and a matrix frame 4.
A rock mass fracture network-shaped fracture cavity 3 is arranged in a space of the 3D printing variable-opening fracture model, fracture side plates 1 are arranged on two sides of the rock mass fracture network-shaped fracture cavity 3, a fracture opening control elastic cushion block 2 is arranged between the fracture side plates 1 on two sides of the fracture cavity 3 along the fracture extending direction, the fracture side plates 1 on two sides are in sealed connection with the fracture opening control elastic cushion block 2 along the fracture extending direction through the fracture opening control elastic cushion block 2, the fracture side plates 1 and the fracture opening control elastic cushion block 2 are fixedly connected through 3D printing, the fracture space between the fracture side plates 1 and the fracture opening control elastic cushion block 2 is formed to be used as the fracture cavity 3, and thus the fracture side plates 1 are supported and separated through the fracture opening control elastic cushion block 2 to form the fracture cavity 3;
the space of the 3D printing fracture model with the variable opening degree is divided into a plurality of spaces through the fracture cavity 3 and the fracture side plates 1 on the two sides of the fracture cavity, each space is provided with a matrix frame 4, the matrix frames 4 and the fracture side plates 1 are fixedly connected in a 3D printing mode during printing, and sealing holes 5 for filling materials are formed in the matrix frames 4.
The principle of the technical scheme of the invention is shown in figures 1 and 2, and the opening change of the crack cavity is controlled by applying load to the crack side disc and controlling the deformation of the elastic cushion block by extruding the opening of the crack.
According to the invention, the crack cavity 3 structure is formed by arranging the crack opening control elastic cushion block 2 and the crack side plate 1, wherein the crack opening control elastic cushion block 2 is used for precisely controlling the opening of the crack cavity 3, the crack opening control elastic cushion block 2 is controlled to deform by applying load to the crack side plate 1 and extruding the crack opening, and the characteristics of elasticity and self-sealing performance of the crack opening control elastic cushion block 2 are utilized to obtain the ideal closed crack cavity and model opening.
The two ends of the crack cavity 3 extend to two symmetrical side surfaces of the 3D printing variable opening crack model along the direction perpendicular to the crack extension direction, so that ports of the two ends of the crack cavity 3 extending to the two side surfaces of the 3D printing variable opening crack model are used as an inflow port and an outflow port, and the inflow port can be communicated with the outflow port through the crack cavity 3.
The 3D printing variable opening fracture model is extruded by applying pressure along the direction perpendicular to the fracture extension direction, the opening of the fracture cavity 3 can be adjusted, and then the variable opening of the 3D printing variable opening fracture model is realized.
The surface of the fracture side disc 1 in contact with the fracture cavity 3 may be designed as a smooth surface or, in order to simulate the roughness of a rock mass fracture, as a rough surface with protrusions and depressions, the shape of which is determined according to the simulated rock mass roughness requirements.
The cross section of the rock mass fracture network-shaped fracture cavity 3 along the fracture extending direction is formed by mutually crossing a plurality of strip-shaped fractures.
The lengths of the fracture cavity 3, the fracture side disc 1 along the fracture extending direction and the length of the space of the 3D printing variable opening fracture model are kept aligned and consistent.
A plug for sealing is arranged at the sealing hole 5, and the plug is connected with the sealing hole 5 through threads to form sealing.
The sealing hole 5 is used for filling particles, and the particles can be easily obtained materials with smaller particle sizes, such as sand, soil and the like, so that the cavity inside the matrix frame 4 is filled, namely, the divided space is filled.
As shown in fig. 5, the matrix frame 4 is a hollow structure and comprises a supporting frame 4-1 with a certain thickness, the supporting frame 4-1 is fixed on the slit side disk 1, the inner cavity of the supporting frame 4-1 is a matrix frame cavity 4-2, the matrix frame cavity 4-2 is filled with particles, and the supporting frame 4-1 is provided with a sealing hole 5. The surface of the supporting frame 4-1 is provided with a sealing hole 5 with a certain size, and the internal support of the model is provided by a filling mode; the matrix frame 4 is internally provided with a cavity, and the matrix frame is filled with sand or grouting from the sealing hole 5 before experiments and then sealed by a sealing bolt so as to ensure the strength of the whole model.
The shape of the matrix frame 4 of each divided space is matched with the appearance of the 3D printing variable opening fracture model, and the 3D printing variable opening fracture model is integrally cuboid.
3D prints the fracture model of variable aperture all adopt 3D to print and make. A3D prints variable aperture crack model for seepage flow experiment adopts 3D printing technique integration to print.
The slit side disc 1 can be in a flat, zigzag, wavy shape and the like, and the personalized design of the roughness and the opening of the slit cavity 3 is realized. The 3D printing variable opening fracture model for the seepage experiment is used for assembling the single fracture structure according to the requirement to form complex fracture structures such as cross fracture, fracture network (figure 3) and the like, and the shape of the complex fracture structures can be designed into cylinders, cubes, cuboids and the like with controllable sizes according to the requirement of an experimental device.
On the one hand, the shape and the size of the fracture side disc 1 can be set in advance through individualization so as to precisely control the roughness and the opening degree of the fracture cavity 3. The specific implementation can be adjusted by adjusting the crack opening degree to control the thickness or elasticity of the elastic cushion block 2.
On the other hand, side pressure is applied to two sides of the 3D printing variable-opening fracture model along the direction perpendicular to the fracture extending direction, the 3D printing variable-opening fracture model is extruded to adjust the fracture cavity 3, and the opening of the 3D printing variable-opening fracture model is controlled variably by adjusting the numerical value of the side pressure.
In specific implementation, the manufacturing process of the 3D printing variable opening fracture model comprises the following steps of:
and 5, integrally polishing, filling particles from the sealing holes 5 of the matrix frame 4 in a sand filling or grouting mode and the like, and forming the 3D printing variable opening fracture model for seepage experiments.
Claims (10)
1. A3D prints variable aperture crack model for seepage flow experiment, its characterized in that: the 3D printing variable opening fracture model comprises a fracture side disc (1), a fracture opening control elastic cushion block (2), a fracture cavity (3) and a matrix frame (4); a rock mass fracture network-shaped fracture cavity (3) is arranged in the 3D printing variable-opening fracture model, fracture side plates (1) are arranged on two sides of the rock mass fracture network-shaped fracture cavity (3), and a fracture opening control elastic cushion block (2) is arranged between the two side fracture side plates (1) at two ends of the fracture cavity (3) along the fracture extending direction, so that the two sides of the fracture side plates (1) are in sealing connection with each other along the fracture extending direction through the fracture opening control elastic cushion block (2); the 3D printing variable opening fracture model is divided into a plurality of spaces through the fracture cavity (3) and fracture side plates (1) on two sides of the fracture cavity, a matrix frame (4) is arranged in each space, and sealing holes (5) for filling materials are formed in the matrix frame (4).
2. The 3D printed variable opening fracture model for seepage experiments of claim 1, wherein: the two ends of the crack cavity (3) extend to two symmetrical side surfaces of the 3D printing variable opening crack model in the direction perpendicular to the crack extension direction, so that ports of the two ends of the crack cavity (3) extend to the two side surfaces of the 3D printing variable opening crack model respectively to serve as an inflow port and an outflow port, and the crack cavity (3) is used for simulating a crack seepage channel in a rock body.
3. The 3D printed variable opening fracture model for seepage experiments of claim 1, wherein: the section of each part of the rock mass fracture network-shaped fracture cavity (3) along the fracture extending direction is formed by mutually crossing a plurality of strip-shaped fractures, and the rock mass fracture network-shaped fracture cavity is used for simulating a complex fracture network in a rock mass.
4. The 3D printed variable opening fracture model for seepage experiments of claim 1, wherein: the lengths of the crack cavity (3) and the crack side disc (1) along the crack extending direction are consistent with the lengths of the 3D printing variable opening crack model.
5. The 3D printed variable opening fracture model for seepage experiments of claim 1, wherein: the sealing hole (5) is provided with a plug for sealing, and the plug is connected with the sealing hole (5) through threads to form sealing.
6. The 3D printed variable opening fracture model for seepage experiments of claim 1, wherein: the sealing holes (5) are used for filling particles, so that the cavities inside the matrix frame (4) are filled.
7. The 3D printed variable opening fracture model for seepage experiments of claim 1, wherein: the matrix framework (4) is of a hollow structure and comprises a supporting framework (4-1), the supporting framework (4-1) is fixed on the fracture side disc (1), an inner cavity of the supporting framework (4-1) is a matrix framework cavity (4-2), the matrix framework cavity (4-2) is filled with particles, and the supporting framework (4-1) is provided with a sealing hole (5).
8. The 3D printed variable opening fracture model for seepage experiments of claim 1, wherein: the 3D printing variable opening fracture model is arranged in a loading device and then in a hypergravity centrifugal machine.
9. The 3D printed variable opening fracture model for seepage experiments of claim 1, wherein: the 3D printing variable opening fracture model is manufactured by 3D printing.
10. The opening control method applied to the 3D printing variable opening fracture model according to claim 1, characterized in that: and applying side pressure to two sides of the 3D printing variable-opening fracture model along the direction perpendicular to the fracture extension direction, extruding the 3D printing variable-opening fracture model to adjust the fracture cavity (3), and variably controlling the opening of the 3D printing variable-opening fracture model by adjusting the numerical value of the side pressure.
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| CN116481976B (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-09-26 | 河北工业大学 | 3D printing variable-opening fractured rock mass grouting test system and method |
| CN116519422B (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-26 | 河北工业大学 | Method for planning 3D printing cutting path of rock mass model variable-opening fracture and forming device |
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