CN114518311A - Visual controllable rough single-crack seepage simulation device and use method thereof - Google Patents
Visual controllable rough single-crack seepage simulation device and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114518311A CN114518311A CN202210154686.4A CN202210154686A CN114518311A CN 114518311 A CN114518311 A CN 114518311A CN 202210154686 A CN202210154686 A CN 202210154686A CN 114518311 A CN114518311 A CN 114518311A
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
Abstract
The invention relates to a visual controllable rough single-crack seepage simulation device and a use method thereof, and the visual controllable rough single-crack seepage simulation device comprises an admixture stirring unit, a single-crack simulation unit and a waste liquid recovery unit, wherein the single-crack simulation unit comprises an expansion conversion interface and a simulation box, at least four single-crack movable plate surfaces capable of adjusting inclination angles are arranged in the simulation box, the simulation box comprises a front transparent plate and a rear transparent plate, at least three longitudinal guide rails for the corresponding single-crack movable plate surfaces in the simulation box to slide up and down are correspondingly arranged on the inner side surfaces of the front transparent plate and the rear transparent plate, and a sliding handle is arranged at the connecting part of the longitudinal guide rails and the single-crack movable plate surfaces; at least four single-crack movable plate surfaces are arranged in the simulation box in an upper group and a lower group, a space enclosed by the upper group of single-crack movable plate surfaces, the lower group of single-crack movable plate surfaces, the front transparent plate and the rear transparent plate is a sealed cavity, and an inlet and an outlet of the sealed cavity are an inlet and an outlet of the simulation box. The influence of the penetration condition among rock fractures and the opening roughness on fracture seepage can be simulated under different types of different environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock seepage, in particular to a visual controllable simulation device for coarse single-crack seepage and an experimental method thereof.
Background
For microscopic study of fractures, the water flow characteristics in bedrock fractures studied by simulation experiments of a single fracture are relevant to many engineering practices, such as subterranean engineering geotechnical applications, hydroelectric engineering, oil reservoir development, mining and geothermal energy extraction and liquid waste treatment, and single fractures are the basic units of bedrock fractures, including complex fractures, three-dimensional fractures and fracture networks. Fracture surface roughness follows a self-affine distribution, a single fracture is usually reduced to a pair of smooth parallel plates, the cubic law is usually adopted to characterize the water flow in the fracture medium, the smooth parallel plate model seems to be over-simplified due to neglecting the influence of surface roughness, and the cubic law based on the smooth parallel plates has some disadvantages, such as too high estimation of speed and flow. In the single crack, when the water flow passes through the coarse unit, the phenomena of backflow, streamline separation and reattachment of the original streamline path can occur, so that the water flow resistance is increased. The degree of influence on the flow motion can be changed by the included angle between the initial tangential direction of the roughness unit and the streamline direction, and turbulence is more severe when the included angle is larger. With the increase of the density of the roughness units, the influence on the water flow is enhanced, and the turbulence phenomenon tends to be obvious.
In order to conveniently analyze and research microscopic single fractures in rocks and analyze fractures of different types and rock fractures with different opening degrees, the visual controllable rough single-fracture seepage simulation device and the experimental method thereof are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a visual controllable simulation device for coarse single-fracture seepage and an experimental method thereof, which are used for conveniently researching various problems in rock fractures.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a visual controllable rough single crack seepage's analogue means, includes spike stirring unit and single crack analog unit, waste liquid recovery unit, and the three connects gradually its characterized in that: the single-crack simulation unit comprises an expansion conversion interface (11) and a simulation box (15), at least four single-crack movable plate surfaces (1504) capable of adjusting inclination angles are arranged in the simulation box (15), the simulation box (15) comprises front and rear transparent plates, at least three longitudinal guide rails (1502) for the corresponding single-crack movable plate surfaces (1504) in the simulation box to slide up and down are correspondingly arranged on the inner side surfaces of the front and rear transparent plates, a sliding handle (1503) is arranged at the connecting position of the longitudinal guide rails (1502) and the single-crack movable plate surfaces, the sliding handle is positioned on the outer side of the transparent plates, and the height of the single-crack movable plate surfaces in the vertical direction is adjusted through the sliding handle; at least four single-crack movable plate surfaces are arranged in the simulation box in an upper-lower two-group mode, the space defined by the upper-lower two-group single-crack movable plate surfaces and the front-rear transparent plates is a sealed cavity, the inlet and the outlet of the sealed cavity are the inlet and the outlet of the simulation box, and the inlet and the outlet of the simulation box are respectively connected with an expansion conversion interface (11) capable of adapting to the opening change of the inlet and the outlet.
Arrange a plurality of accessory screw interface 15043 of array on every single crack activity face, a be used for the arrangement of the coarse accessory 1506 of spiral equivalent, every single crack activity face 1504 all is provided with sealing strip 15048 with the edge of transparent plate contact, be provided with the extension face 15045 to one side extension on the edge of the single crack activity face of perpendicular to transparent plate, evenly be provided with a plurality of activity face bolt interface 15046 on the extension face, carry out sealing connection through single crack activity face intermediate junction joint between two adjacent single crack activity faces in a set of, make two single crack activity faces in a set of can take place relative rotation and sealing connection.
The screw equivalent rough part 1506 is provided with a bolt at the bottom, and the top is a rough part with rough units of different shapes and sizes, including hemispherical, square, triangular conical, planar or series of sinusoidal curved surface types, for changing the roughness of the inner cavity between the single-gap movable plates; each fitting screw interface 15043 on the single-slit movable plate surface 1504 is the same, the bolt parts of all the screw equivalent rough fittings 1506 are the same in specification and size, and can be adapted to the fitting screw interfaces on the single-slit movable plate surface, and each screw equivalent rough fitting 1506 with the top shape also has different specifications and can simulate different roughness degrees.
The middle connecting joint of the single-slit movable panel surface comprises a compression spring 15041, rubber sealing strips 15042 and a rotary connecting bolt 15047, the outer sides of the connecting positions of two adjacent single-slit movable panel surfaces in the sealed cavity are rotatably connected through the rotary connecting bolt, the inner sides of the two adjacent single-slit movable panel surfaces are provided with the compression spring 15041 and the rubber sealing strips 15042, the compression spring 15041 is connected with the single-slit movable panel surface and the rubber sealing strips 15042, and the contact positions of the two rubber sealing strips 15042 of the two adjacent single-slit movable panel surfaces are in smooth contact, so that the sealing performance in the sealed cavity can not be influenced by rotation, the rubber sealing strips can be mutually abutted, and the sealed cavity can be adjusted by the compression spring to keep the sealed cavity in a tense state all the time; the rotary connecting bolt 15047, the rubber strip and the spring are all arranged in a tight strip shape along the width direction of the single-crack movable plate surface.
The expansion conversion interface 11 comprises a front part connected with the pipeline adapter interface 10 and a rear part connected with an outlet or an inlet of the simulation box, the front part of the expansion conversion interface is of a structure with a large middle end and two small ends, the front part is connected with the pipeline adapter interface in a rectangular interface position, the rectangular interface is fixed with the pipeline adapter interface through corresponding bolts, the middle and the tail end of the front part are connected together through a flexible material, and the middle and the front end of the front part are connected together through a rigid material; the rear part of the expansion conversion interface 11 is made of flexible materials, and a tail end outlet of the rear part is provided with a bolt interface and is connected with an inlet and an outlet of the simulation box through corresponding bolt interfaces; the pipeline adapter is used for connecting the blending stirring unit, the waste liquid recovery unit and the single-crack simulation unit.
The pipeline switching mouth one end is the round mouth, and one end is the square mouth, is rotation type or draw-in groove formula pipe connection round mouth at the round pipe way part, is bolted connection square mouth in square pipeline department.
The flexible material at the rear part of the expansion conversion interface 11 is sleeved on the upper and lower single-slit movable plate surfaces with the single-slit movable plate surface opening adjusted, a bolt interface at the tail end of the flexible material, a movable plate surface bolt interface on the extending surface of the single-slit movable plate surface and a bolt interface on the outermost longitudinal guide rail are fixed together through bolts to form a closed interface, and at the moment, the extending surface on the single-slit movable plate surface is not positioned at the edge part and is positioned at the front part of the outer surface of the single-slit movable plate surface; when the quantity of single crack activity face was for being greater than four even numbers, the both ends that lie in the single crack activity face of intermediate position all were provided with the intermediate junction joint, and the rotation of intermediate junction joint is tied to extend to both ends and is worn out corresponding longitudinal rail and pass through threaded connection fixedly with the slip handle.
The blending and stirring unit comprises a water tank 1, a blending tank 4, a blending tank blanking switch 5, a blanking flow stabilizer 6 and a stirring chamber 8, wherein a pipeline valve 2, a pressure pump 3 and a pipeline pressure display 7 are arranged in front of and behind the stirring chamber 8; front-mounted camera equipment 12 and rear-mounted lighting equipment 13 are mounted in the front and at the back of the simulation box, and an output pipeline of the stirring chamber 8 is connected with an inlet of the simulation box through a pipeline adapter and an expansion adapter;
The waste liquid recovery unit comprises a waste liquid recovery box 17, the waste liquid recovery box 17 is connected with an outlet of the simulation box through a corresponding pipeline pressure display 7, a pipeline valve 2, another pipeline adapter port 10 and an expansion conversion port 11, and the front-end camera device 12 and the rear-end lighting device 13 can slide on a corresponding horizontal guide rail 16 through corresponding guide rail rolling pulleys 18 so as to adjust the camera shooting range and the illumination condition; pressure sensors are respectively arranged at the inlet position, the middle position and the outlet position of the inner side of the front and/or rear plate surface of the simulation box, and all the pressure sensors and the camera equipment are connected with a computer.
The invention also provides a use method of the visual controllable rough single-crack seepage simulation device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: obtaining single crack surfaces with different roughness of the plate by replacing different types of spiral equivalent rough accessories;
and 2, step: the position distances among a plurality of single-crack movable plate surfaces (1504) are changed by adjusting sliding handles (1503) at different positions of the simulation box, so that single crack surfaces with different opening degrees and shapes are obtained;
and step 3: different fracture flowing media are prepared by adjusting materials in the material mixing box (4), sand or filling slurry can be selected in the material mixing box (4), or water is selected by controlling a water tank switch to participate in preparation of different flowing materials to enter the single-fracture simulation device;
And 4, step 4: the size of the inlet end, the inclination angle of the middle end and the size of the outlet end of the single-crack movable plate surface (1504) are adjusted by adjusting a sliding handle (1503) on a longitudinal guide rail of the simulation box (15);
and 5: the flow characteristic between single crack surfaces of the simulation box (15) is monitored in real time under the display of the transparent plates on the front side and the rear side through a camera and an illuminating device;
and 6: according to the size of the inlet and the outlet of the simulation box (15), a telescopic butt joint device formed by the inlet and outlet expansion conversion interface is adjusted to adapt to different opening size requirements.
The using method comprises an opening degree adjusting method and a roughness adjusting method, and the using method is set according to specific experimental requirements.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that
The invention relates to a visual controllable rough single-crack seepage simulation device and an experimental method thereof, the whole device is relatively simple, the accessories are modularized well, the usability is strong, and various types of single-crack simulation experiments are adapted, the fluid in a cavity between single-crack movable plate surfaces is observed by designing front and rear transparent plates of a simulation box and adding lighting equipment and video equipment, so as to realize the visual purpose, the flow characteristics between the single-crack movable plate surfaces in the whole simulation process can be well observed by utilizing the front and rear transparent plates and a rear lighting and front camera device, the influence effect of the internal cracks of rocks on the action of different scouring solutions or filling materials can be well analyzed and assisted to understand, the penetration problem of the rocks and the implementation problem of the solution can be better understood, and the simulated opening degree between the single-crack movable plate surfaces can be adjusted by changing the inclination angle between the inner plate surfaces of the simulation box, the roughness is adjusted by selecting different spiral equivalent roughness accessories to be installed at different positions of the plate surface, parameter variables can be better changed, and the influence of the penetration condition among rock fractures and the opening roughness on fracture seepage can be simulated under different types and different environments.
The invention discloses a visual controllable rough single-fracture seepage simulation device, which can easily adjust the fracture opening and further study the influence of the fracture roughness. The invention provides equivalent simulation equipment for single-crack simulation, the core of the equivalent simulation equipment is controllable simulation of the aspects of single-crack opening, shape, single-crack cavity type and fluctuation of a rough unit, and the design of a single-crack simulation box is realized through the activities of at least four single-crack movable plate surfaces on six longitudinal guide rails and equivalent rough accessories.
The simulation device can be used for simulating the flowing characteristic of the same crack with different roughness, simulating the flowing characteristic of the same crack with different types of single cracks and the same roughness, simulating the plugging of preset cracks by different plugging materials (namely, adjusting the vertical opening of a plate surface and replacing different plugging materials to evaluate the plugging effect of the plugging materials on the cracks), simulating the erosion effect of different crack scouring liquids on the cracks, and the like, is a visual and controllable experimental device for the single cracks to flush media with different types, roughness with different types and cracks with different types, and can meet the requirement of experimenters to adjust the crack types and the roughness according to different crack parameters to simulate the flowing characteristic of the different crack scouring media in the cracks, equivalently evaluate the flowing characteristic of the simulated cracks under different conditions, and further evaluate the crack types, the crack flow characteristic and the like according to the experimental effect of the cracks, The fracture scouring liquid, the fracture roughness and the scouring pressure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a visual controllable rough single-fracture seepage simulation device.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation structure of a single-crack movable plate surface, a longitudinal guide rail and a sliding handle in a simulation box in the visual controllable rough single-crack seepage simulation device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-fracture movable plate surface of an embodiment of the visual controllable simulation device for rough single-fracture seepage.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another view angle of a single-crack movable plate surface of an embodiment of the simulation device for visualizing controllable rough single-crack seepage of the invention.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the middle connecting part I of the two adjacent single-crack movable plate surfaces in the simulation box in FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the fitting screw interface and screw equivalent rough fitting of a single-split movable plate.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the different types of spiral equivalent roughness fitting of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an expansion conversion interface of an embodiment of a visual controllable simulation device for rough single fracture seepage according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the installation position of a pressure sensor of the simulation device for visualizing controllable rough single-fracture seepage.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a water tank, a pipeline valve, a pressure pump, a mixing box discharging switch, a mixing box discharging current stabilizer, a pipeline pressure display, a mixing chamber, a mixer, a pipeline adapter, an expansion conversion interface 11, a camera device, a lighting device, a computer 14, a simulation box 15, a horizontal guide rail 16, a horizontal guide rail 17, a waste liquid recycling box and a guide rail rolling pulley 18, wherein the water tank is connected with the mixing box discharging switch through a pipeline pressure display;
1502. longitudinal guide rail, 1503, sliding handle, 1504, single-crack movable plate surface, 1506, spiral equivalent rough fitting, 1507, single-crack analog inlet pressure sensor, 1508, single-crack analog middle port pressure sensor, 1509, single-crack analog outlet pressure sensor, 1510, single-crack analog upper left block, 1511, single-crack analog upper right block, 1501, single-crack analog lower left block, 1505, single-crack analog lower right block.
15061 bolt, 15062 metal washer, 15063 rubber washer, 15064 bolt part,
15041 compression spring, 15042 rubber sealing strip, 15043 fitting screw interface, 15044 extension, 15045 extension surface, 15046 movable plate bolt interface, 15047 rotary connecting bolt, 15048 sealing strip,
1101 a bolt interface of an expansion conversion interface, 1102 a front end with a large middle and two small ends,
1001 pipeline adapter interface.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention discloses a visual controllable rough single-crack seepage simulation device, which comprises a water tank 1, a pipeline valve 2, a pressure pump 3, a pipeline pressure display 7, a stirring chamber 8, an admixture box 4, an admixture box blanking switch 5, a blanking flow stabilizing device 6, the stirring chamber 8, an expansion conversion interface 11 of an inlet and an outlet of the simulation box, a simulation box 15, a waste liquid recycling box 17, a front camera 12, a rear lighting device 13 and a computer 14.
The whole set of equipment can be divided into three systems, the first system is a stirring system and comprises a water tank 1, an admixture box 4, an admixture box blanking switch 5, a blanking flow stabilizer 6 and a stirring chamber 8, and a pipeline valve 2, a pressure pump 3 and a pipeline pressure display 7 are arranged in front of and behind the stirring chamber 8. The second system is a simulation box 15, an expansion conversion interface 11 arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the simulation box, a front camera device 12 and a rear lighting device 13 arranged in front of and behind the simulation box, the first system is connected with the second system, the connection position of the first system and the second system is connected with the expansion conversion interface of an inlet of the simulation box through a pipeline adapter, the expansion conversion interface of the inlet of the simulation box is connected with the inlet of the simulation box, the pipeline adapter 10 changes a round pipeline into a rectangular channel port matched with the expansion conversion interface 11 of the inlet of the simulation box, the rear lighting device 13 is arranged behind the simulation box 15, and the front camera device 12 is arranged in front of the simulation box 15. The third system comprises a waste liquid recovery box 17, the waste liquid recovery box 17 is connected with an expansion conversion interface 11 of an outlet of the simulation box through a corresponding pipeline pressure display 7, a pipeline valve 2 and another pipeline adapter 10, and the expansion conversion interface of the outlet of the simulation box is connected with an outlet of the simulation box. Leading camera equipment 12, rear lighting apparatus 13 homoenergetic are passed through corresponding guide rail roll pulley 18 and are slided on corresponding horizontal guide rail 16, and then adjustment range of making a video recording and the illumination condition, and leading camera equipment can remove at the horizontal direction through the guide rail with rear lighting apparatus, carries out vertical direction through the vertical slide rail of pole and removes, and leading camera equipment can rotate at the horizontal direction with rear lighting apparatus simultaneously, makes things convenient for the experimenter to monitor each position. The entrance position, the middle position and the exit position on the inner side of the front and/or rear plate surface of the simulation box are respectively provided with a single-crack simulation entrance pressure sensor 1507, a single-crack simulation middle port pressure sensor 1508 and a single-crack simulation exit pressure sensor 1509, the pressure sensors are also fixed at the middle position of the simulation box through a sliding handle to monitor and analyze the entrance, the middle end and the exit of the single-crack movable plate surface, all the pressure sensors and the camera equipment are connected with a computer, and the computer is used for collecting image data and observing the flowing state of liquid and the like.
The pipeline switching ports between the first system and the second system and between the second system and the third system need to be changed from a round pipeline to a square pipeline, the pipeline switching ports are connected with common pipelines (in a rotary mode or a clamping groove mode and the like) at the round pipeline part, and the square pipeline is connected with bolts. For the connection of the expansion conversion interface between the simulation box and the simulation box inlet/outlet, the opening at the single-slit movable plate surface 1504 is changed, and it needs to be emphasized here that the expansion conversion interface is flexible near the single-slit hollow simulation box, and only iron bolt openings are distributed around the interface, so that the connection between the expansion conversion interface and the simulation box is sealed and fixed by a circle of bolts, gaskets, and the like.
The simulation box 15 comprises a front transparent plate, a rear transparent plate, at least six longitudinal guide rails 1502 with a certain interval width, four single-crack movable plate surfaces 1504, a plurality of spiral equivalent rough accessories 1506, a sliding handle 1503, a middle connecting joint 1505 of the single-crack movable plate surfaces, a left side plate, a right side plate, an upper plate and a lower plate, wherein the left side plate and the right side plate are provided with openings.
Two blocks of transparent plates and last hypoplastron, control two blocks of curb plates and enclose into the cuboid box, have three longitudinal rail along direction of height symmetrical arrangement respectively on two transparent plate opposite faces, totally six, the transparent plate is in order to guarantee visual needs, allows rear lighting apparatus 13 and leading camera equipment 12's cooperation to use down, accomplishes the seepage flow motion between the activity face of single crack and catches the observation. The invention also can be provided with no left side plate and no right side plate, the upper plate, the lower plate, the front transparent plate and the rear transparent plate form a rectangular channel, a plurality of single-crack movable plate surfaces are installed, the number of the single-crack movable plate surfaces is at least four, is even, and is divided into an upper group and a lower group, and the two groups of single-crack movable plate surfaces, the front transparent plate, the rear transparent plate and the two expansion conversion interfaces 11 form a sealed channel for flowing of a crack scouring medium. When the number of the single-crack movable plate surfaces is increased, the number of the longitudinal guide rails is correspondingly increased, so that each single-crack movable plate surface can independently adjust the height up and down.
At least six longitudinal guides 1502 have a certain interval width, and longitudinal guides is provided with the spout along the direction of height, also is provided with the trompil that matches with this spout on the relevant position of the transparent plate of installation longitudinal guides, and longitudinal guides's setting is firstly in order to guarantee that each single crack activity face one end can freely reciprocate, secondly can guarantee that the single piece single crack activity face has certain nimble space at local rotation to the condition that the single crack activity face can only parallel reciprocate appears. The horizontal distance between adjacent longitudinal guide rails is based on the movable plate surface capable of being provided with a single crack. Under the guide of the six sliding longitudinal guide rails, the opening, the distance, the shape and the like between the upper plate and the lower plate of the simulated fracture can be adjusted. In order to make the single-crack simulation flexibly movable, it should be noted that the gaps between the six longitudinal guide rails of the simulation box are large enough to ensure that the four single-crack movable plates can rotate locally in the simulation box.
At least four single-crack movable plate surfaces 1504 with adjustable inclination angles are arranged in the simulation box 15, and sliding handles 1503 are arranged at the joints of at least six longitudinal guide rails 1502 and the single-crack movable plate surfaces 1504 and are positioned outside the transparent plate. The slide handle is used for sliding and fixing, each single-crack movable plate surface 1504 is provided with an extension 15044 on the end faces of the two ends in the fluid flowing direction, the extension can slide up and down along a corresponding longitudinal guide rail under the action of the slide handle, one end of the extension extending out of the transparent plate is provided with threads, the slide handle is also provided with threads, the extension and the longitudinal guide rail are connected through threads, the single-crack movable plate surface is fixed at any position through screwing threads, the height of the single-crack movable plate surface is adjusted through unscrewing the threads, sealing treatment is arranged at the connecting position of the extension and the longitudinal guide rail, if sealing strips capable of opening and closing are arranged on sliding grooves of the longitudinal guide rail, the extension can penetrate through the sealing strips to be connected with the slide handle, the sealing strips at positions where the extension passes are opened, and the sealing strips at positions where the extension does not pass are closed.
Each single-crack movable plate surface is provided with a plurality of arrayed accessory spiral interfaces 15043 for arranging spiral equivalent rough accessories 1506, the edge of each single-crack movable plate surface 1504, which is in contact with the transparent plate, is provided with a sealing strip 15048, one edge of the single-crack movable plate surface, which is perpendicular to the transparent plate, is provided with an extending surface 15045 extending towards one side, and the extending surface is uniformly provided with a plurality of movable plate surface bolt interfaces 15046, in the embodiment, four single-crack movable plate surfaces 1504 are provided and respectively marked as a left block 1510 on the single-crack simulation plate, a right block 1511 on the single-crack simulation plate, a left block 1501 under the single-crack simulation plate and a right block 1505 under the single-crack simulation plate, two single-crack movable plate surfaces in the four single-crack movable plate surfaces 1504 are arranged in a first group, two single-crack movable plate surfaces are arranged in a second group, and the single-crack movable plate surfaces in the group are in sealing connection through a middle connecting joint of the single-crack movable plate surfaces, so that two single-crack movable plate surfaces in a group can rotate relatively and be connected in a sealing way, and each single-crack movable plate surface is fixed on the longitudinal guide rail 1502 through the sliding handle 1503.
The screw equivalent rough part 1506 is provided with a bolt at the bottom, and rough units with different shapes and sizes, such as hemispherical, square, triangular conical, planar or series sinusoidal surface types, can be manufactured at the top to change the roughness of the inner cavity of the single-gap movable plate. All the screw equivalent rough fittings 1506 have the same specification and size, and the purpose is to adapt the screw interface of the fitting on the single-crack movable plate surface, and each screw equivalent rough fitting 1506 with different top shapes in the invention has different specifications and can simulate different roughness degrees.
In the invention, each accessory spiral interface 15043 on the single-crack movable plate surface 1504 in the simulation box 15 is the same, a spiral equivalent rough accessory 1506 can be connected to the position of the spiral interface of different accessories, the spiral equivalent rough accessory 1506 with different types and sizes can be replaced according to different simulation conditions, the spiral equivalent rough accessory 1506 can manufacture different types of spiral equivalent rough accessories according to the type of the required crack, and the spiral equivalent rough accessory has the type of a hemisphere, a square, a triangular cone or a series of sine curved surfaces, and the like, and the size and/or the shape of the shape head are changed according to the actual single crack, size effect fitting and different shape heads, so as to change the roughness.
The basic shape of the spiral equivalent rough fitting is shown in fig. 3, the bottom is a thread, the top is an arbitrary shape, and the fitting spiral connector on the single-gap movable plate surface 1504 can be embedded into the thread on the upper part of the spiral equivalent rough fitting and is fixed by a bolt 15061 under the action of two layers of gaskets (a metal gasket 15062 and a rubber gasket 15063). The top part is the key point of the spiral equivalent rough accessory, the spiral connector 15043 of each accessory on the single-crack movable plate 1504 can be provided with spiral equivalent rough accessories of different shapes as required, the bolt part of the spiral equivalent rough accessory 1506 is arranged outside the cavity surrounded by the four single-crack movable plates, and the tops of the equivalent rough units of different shapes are arranged in the cavity surrounded by the four single-crack movable plates. For equivalent roughness, the invention is not an actual rock fracture, but a single-fracture approximation simulation component.
For the size of the single-crack movable plate surface, the specific size of the single-crack movable plate surface is not limited, the ratio of the width to the length of each single-crack movable plate surface is preferably 1:2, the distance between every two adjacent accessory spiral connectors is a unit width, two rows of accessory spiral connectors are arranged on the unit width, and the unit width can be adjusted according to the actual size of the simulation box and the size of the single-crack movable plate surface.
The sliding handle 1503 is characterized in that one end of each single-crack movable plate surface is provided with two horizontal sliding handles which can be fixed on the longitudinal guide rail 1502, so that the height of each end of each single-crack movable plate surface can be changed, six pairwise horizontal sliding handles can be adjusted at will, and a simulated single-crack channel which is formed by four single-crack movable plate surfaces and has any shape, different opening degrees and different crack cavities can be obtained.
The joint is connected in the middle of the single-crack movable plate surface, as shown in fig. 5, and is a schematic vertical longitudinal section at the connecting position of two single-crack movable plate surfaces. In fig. 5, the connection and movement components between two adjacent single-crack movable panels are shown, the outer half part of the outer side of the single-crack movable panel cavity can be rotated by a general lock rotation design, such as a hinge joint and a rotation connection bolt 15047, while the inner half part close to the inner side of the single-crack movable panel cavity is provided with an inner compression spring 15041 and a rubber sealing strip 15042, the inner compression spring 15041 is connected with the single-crack movable panel and the rubber sealing strip 15042, and the contact positions of the two rubber sealing strips 15042 are in smooth contact. The arrangement can rotate and does not influence the sealing property in the cavity between the single-crack movable plate surfaces, the rubber sealing strips can mutually abut against each other and are adjusted by the compression spring, so that the sealing state is always kept tense. Because the single-slot movable panel is wide, the rotary connecting bolt 15047, the rubber strip and the spring are all arranged in a tight strip along the width direction of the single-slot movable panel.
In the invention, two adjacent single-crack movable plate surfaces 1504 in the simulation box 15 are rotationally and hermetically connected together through a middle connecting joint of the single-crack movable plate surfaces, so that the rotation property and the sealing property are ensured.
The design purpose of the expansion conversion interface 11 is to adapt to the distance between an upper single-crack movable plate surface and a lower single-crack movable plate surface at the inlet and the outlet of the single-crack simulation box, because the distance between the front transparent plate and the rear transparent plate of the simulation box is not changed, the size of the only inlet and the outlet is changed only by the direction displacement controlled by a sliding handle at one end of the longitudinal single-crack movable plate surface, on the selected material, the part close to the inlet and the outlet of the single-crack movable plate surface adopts a flexible material, so that the upper single-crack movable plate surface and the lower single-crack movable plate surface can be butted to the inlet and the outlet of the simulation box even if the maximum distance is adjusted, one side of the flexible material of the expansion conversion interface 11 at the inlet of the simulation box is connected with a rigid connecting end surface, the bolt interface 1101 of the expansion conversion interface is arranged on the end surface and is used for fixing with the bolt interfaces on the extending surfaces of the upper single-crack movable plate surface and the lower single-crack movable plate surface, and the bolt interface is also arranged on the longitudinal guide rail along the height direction, the extension surfaces of the upper and lower single-crack movable plate surfaces and the plane where the bolt interface on the longitudinal guide rail is located can be just butted with the bolt interface 1101 of the expansion conversion interface on the expansion conversion interface 11 of the inlet and the outlet of the simulation box, and the extension surfaces and the plane are hermetically connected through a gasket during connection. The four sides of the rectangle where the bolt interface 1101 of the expansion conversion interface is located are not connected with each other, so that when the opening angle of the entrance is changed, the upper side and the lower side of the rectangle where the bolt interface 1101 of the expansion conversion interface is located can be independently changed to adapt to the change of the opening angle of the entrance.
The expansion conversion interface 11 comprises a front part connected with the pipeline switching interface 10 and a rear part connected with an outlet or an inlet of the simulation box, the front part of the expansion conversion interface is of a structure with large and medium ends, the position of the front part of the connection pipeline switching interface is that a rectangular interface is fixed with the pipeline switching interface through a corresponding bolt, the middle part and the tail end of the front part are connected together through a flexible material, the middle part and the front end of the front part are connected together through a rigid material, the structure with large and medium ends can replace a manual pressurizing valve to simulate experiments before and after a balanced pressure reduction crack, meanwhile, the slurry can be locally mixed again, and the impact on a subsequent flexible structure is reduced. The rear part of the expansion conversion interface 11 is made of flexible materials, and a bolt interface is arranged at a tail end outlet of the rear part and is connected with an inlet and an outlet of the simulation box through corresponding bolt interfaces (namely, an opening formed by the single-crack movable plate surface, and the bolt interface is connected with the corresponding single-crack movable plate surface). The side is when being equipped with the curb plate about the simulation case, then opens porosely on the curb plate, can make flexible material stretch into, and the trompil size can adapt to the whole in-process flexible material's of the upper and lower regulation of single crack activity face deformation. The arrangement of the expansion conversion interface is different from that of a common pipeline, the fluid can advance in a small-range fluctuation mode, on one hand, the fluid can be mixed for entering the single-fracture simulation box again, on the other hand, the structure of the conversion interface can be manually adjusted to pressurize, the effect of pressure balancing is achieved, and the functions of standby pressurizing equipment and buffering fluid can be achieved.
In the invention, a flexible material at the rear part of an expansion conversion interface 11 is sleeved on an upper single-slit movable plate surface and a lower single-slit movable plate surface with the opening degree of the single-slit movable plate surface adjusted, a bolt interface at the tail end of the flexible material, a movable plate surface bolt interface 15046 on an extension surface of the single-slit movable plate surface and a bolt interface on a longitudinal guide rail at the outermost side are fixed together through bolts to form a closed interface, and at the moment, the extension surface on the single-slit movable plate surface is not positioned at the edge part and is positioned at the front part of the outer surface of the single-slit movable plate surface. When the quantity of single crack activity face was for being greater than 4 even numbers, the both ends that lie in the single crack activity face of intermediate position all were provided with the intermediate junction joint, and the rotation of intermediate junction joint is connected the bolt and is extended to both ends and wear out corresponding longitudinal rail and pass through threaded connection with the slip handle and fix, and the slip handle of adjustment this position can adjust two single crack activity faces that the intermediate junction joint is connected simultaneously and reciprocate.
In the invention, the entrance and exit of the simulation box 15 are all provided with expansion conversion interfaces capable of adjusting the size of the entrance and exit, namely, the entrance end is connected with the expansion conversion interface 11 of the entrance of the simulation box, and the exit end is connected with the expansion conversion interface 11 of the exit of the simulation box. The purpose of the interface is to adapt to the entrance and exit of the single-crack movable plate surface which changes up and down, the part close to the simulation box is still flexible, and the maximum opening or the size of the exit of the single-crack movable plate surface can be butted to the maximum extent. The expansion conversion interface 11 can meet the distance between the upper single-slit movable plate surface and the lower single-slit movable plate surface at the entrance and exit end of the maximum simulation box to the maximum extent, rigid spiral interfaces are discontinuously arranged around the flexible material interface, the rigid spiral interfaces are matched with sealing materials for butt joint, one end of the expansion conversion interface is connected with the pipeline conversion interface 10, the other end of the expansion conversion interface is connected with the simulation direction entrance or exit formed by the opening of the upper single-slit movable plate surface 1504 and the lower single-slit movable plate surface 1504, the middle part of the expansion conversion interface is made of flexible materials, and the expansion conversion interface can be freely adjusted in a telescopic mode.
The working process of the invention is as follows: the water flow flows out from the water tank 1, opens the pipeline valve 2, passes through the pressure pump 3 and is sent to the stirring chamber 8 through the pipeline pressure display 7, at the same time, the adulterable medium is stored in the adulterant tank 4, opens the baiting switch 5 of the adulterant tank, enters the stirring chamber through the baiting flow stabilizer 6, the stirring mixed crack scouring (filling) substance passes through the outlet switch of the stirrer, is pumped by another pressure pump, passes through the pipeline pressure display 7 and the inlet expansion conversion interface 11 of the simulation tank, enters the simulation tank, the mixed crack scouring (filling) substance flows between the controllable single-crack movable plates, flows out from the expansion conversion interface 11 of the outlet of the simulation tank, flows into the waste liquid recovery tank 17 through the corresponding pipeline valve and the pipeline pressure display, the front camera device-camera is arranged in front of the simulation tank to monitor the fluid between the crack simulation plates, the rear lighting device is arranged behind the simulation tank, a single-crack simulation inlet pressure sensor 1507, a single-crack simulation middle port pressure sensor 1508 and a single-crack simulation outlet pressure sensor 1509 are arranged on one horizontal side of the simulation box to monitor the pressure of each part in the single-crack movable panel cavity.
The inclination angle is adjusted through the extension part at each end of the single-crack movable plate surface, the extension part can be clamped in the longitudinal sliding guide rail, meanwhile, the distance between the longitudinal guide rails is large enough, and the sliding handle can be fixed on the longitudinal guide rail in a screwing mode. Therefore, the inclination angles of the four single-crack movable plate surfaces, the shape of the cavity of the single-crack movable plate surface and the like can be changed by vertically moving each end of the single-crack movable plate surface on the six longitudinal guide rails.
The opening degree adjusting method comprises the following steps:
step 1: and acquiring a rock mass crack surface diagram matched with the rock mass crack surface to be simulated, and determining the undulation shape according to a certain interval. The crack diagram can be obtained by processing the original rock microscopic image before the experiment, a certain section of crack is selected in a basic mode, the roughness of the image is processed, the crack diagram is one step which is completed before the experiment, the single crack simulation device performs the experiment on the premise of obtaining the fluctuation characteristic of the processed single crack rough unit, so that the shapes, the distances between plates and the cavity characteristic of four single crack movable plate surfaces are adjusted, the spiral equivalent rough accessories of the spiral interface of the accessory on each single crack movable plate surface are selected and arranged according to the owned crack processing image, and the fluctuation shape is similar to the fluctuation characteristic of the original actual crack as far as possible by the spiral equivalent rough accessories with different shapes.
And 2, step: the slide handle 1503 is adjusted according to the relief shape of each position.
And 3, step 3: the sliding handles 1503 on the front end longitudinal slide rails 1502 of the single-crack movable plate surfaces 1504 in the simulation box 15 slide longitudinally in a front-back direction at the same time, the front-back sliding handles are kept on the same horizontal plane, the middle end longitudinal slide rails 1503 slide longitudinally as required, and the sliding handles of the rear end longitudinal slide rails 1502 slide longitudinally as required, so that the shapes of the four single-crack movable plate surfaces 1504 are adjusted.
And 4, step 4: the front inlet end and the rear inlet end of the simulation box 15 are connected with the expansion conversion interface 11 of the inlet of the simulation box and the outlet end is connected with the expansion conversion interface 11 of the outlet of the simulation box, and the telescopic butt joint device made of flexible materials of the expansion conversion interfaces of the inlet and the outlet is adjusted to adapt to different size requirements according to the size of the inlet and the outlet of the simulation box 15.
And 5: starting a front-mounted camera 12 of the simulation box, and simultaneously starting a front-mounted switching pipeline valve 2 of the simulation box, and forming a fluid test in the single-crack movable plate surface of the model;
and 6: the front-end camera device 12 records the crack test of the simulation box 15, tests the opening change of the crack by adjusting the sliding handles 1503 on the six longitudinal guide rails of the simulation box, analyzes the data and obtains a conclusion.
The roughness adjusting method comprises the following steps:
step 1: and acquiring a rock mass crack surface diagram matched with the rock mass crack surface to be simulated, and determining the undulating shape and the rough coefficient according to a certain distance.
Step 2: according to the required roughness coefficient requirements of different single cracks and equivalent simulation experiments, the required equivalent roughness spiral connector accessories are arranged on two rows of spiral connectors of the single-crack movable plate surface at different positions and different intervals.
And 3, step 3: in places where protrusion roughness is not required, protrusion-free straight equivalent spiral interface fittings can be used for filling spiral interfaces on the single-crack movable plate surface 1504 when simulating various types of cracks without roughness, and the sealing performance of the cavity of the simulated crack surface is kept.
And 4, step 4: the front inlet end and the rear inlet end of the simulation box 15 are connected with the expansion conversion interface 11 of the inlet of the simulation box and the outlet end is connected with the expansion conversion interface 11 of the outlet of the simulation box, and the telescopic butt joint device made of flexible materials of the expansion conversion interfaces of the inlet and the outlet is adjusted to adapt to different size requirements according to the size of the inlet and the outlet of the simulation box 15.
And 5: opening the equipment in front of the simulation box, and simultaneously opening a switch pipeline valve 2 arranged in front of the simulation box, wherein a fluid test is formed in the interior of the single-crack movable plate surface of the model;
and 6: different equivalent spiral connector accessories are installed on the single-crack movable plate surface of the simulation box through adjustment, the change of the roughness coefficient of the crack is tested, data are analyzed, and a conclusion is drawn.
The invention defines the direction of the transparent plate as the front-back direction, and the direction of the entrance is the left-right direction.
The invention relates to a visual controllable rough single-crack seepage simulation device and an experimental method thereof, the whole device is relatively simple, the parts are modularized well, the usability is strong, and the device is suitable for various single-crack simulation experiments, the flow characteristics between the movable plate surfaces of the single cracks in the whole simulation process can be observed well by utilizing front and rear transparent plates, a rear lighting device and a front camera device, the influence effect of the crack in the rock on the action of different scouring liquid or filling materials can be analyzed and understood well, the penetration problem of the rock and the implementation problem of a solution can be better understood, the roughness can be adjusted by changing the inclination angle between the plates of the single-crack simulation device and adjusting the simulated opening degree between the single cracks, the roughness can be adjusted by selecting different equivalent spiral roughness parts to be arranged at different positions between the plates, the parameter variable can be changed well, and different types of environments can be simulated, influence of the penetration condition among rock fractures and the opening roughness on fracture seepage.
Although the present description is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should be able to integrate the description as a whole, and the embodiments can be appropriately combined to form other embodiments as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
The invention has been described in detail with respect to the general description and the specific examples, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a visual controllable rough single crack seepage's analogue means, includes that admixture stirring unit and single crack analog unit, waste liquid recovery unit, the three connects gradually its characterized in that: the single-crack simulation unit comprises an expansion conversion interface (11) and a simulation box (15), at least four single-crack movable plate surfaces (1504) capable of adjusting inclination angles are arranged in the simulation box (15), the simulation box (15) comprises front and rear transparent plates, at least three longitudinal guide rails (1502) for the corresponding single-crack movable plate surfaces (1504) in the simulation box to slide up and down are correspondingly arranged on the inner side surfaces of the front and rear transparent plates, a sliding handle (1503) is arranged at the connecting position of the longitudinal guide rails (1502) and the single-crack movable plate surfaces, the sliding handle is positioned on the outer side of the transparent plates, and the height of the single-crack movable plate surfaces in the vertical direction is adjusted through the sliding handle; at least four single-crack movable plate surfaces are arranged in the simulation box in an upper group and a lower group, the space enclosed by the upper group of single-crack movable plate surfaces, the lower group of single-crack movable plate surfaces, the front transparent plate and the rear transparent plate is a sealed cavity, the inlet and the outlet of the sealed cavity are the inlet and the outlet of the simulation box, and the inlet and the outlet of the simulation box are respectively connected with an expansion conversion interface (11) capable of adapting to the opening change of the inlet and the outlet.
2. The simulation device according to claim 1, wherein each single-slit movable plate surface is arranged with a plurality of arrayed accessory spiral interfaces for arranging spiral equivalent rough accessories, the edge of each single-slit movable plate surface contacting with the transparent plate is provided with a sealing strip, one edge of the single-slit movable plate surface perpendicular to the transparent plate is provided with an extending surface extending to one side, the extending surface is uniformly provided with a plurality of movable plate surface bolt interfaces, and two adjacent single-slit movable plate surfaces in a group are connected with each other in a sealing way through a middle connecting joint of the single-slit movable plate surfaces, so that the two single-slit movable plate surfaces in the group can rotate relatively and are connected in a sealing way.
3. The simulation device according to claim 2, wherein the screw equivalent coarse fitting is provided with a bolt at the bottom, and the top is a rough unit fluctuation feature fitting with different shapes and sizes, including a hemispherical shape, a square shape, a triangular cone shape, a plane shape or a series of sine curved surface types, and is used for changing the roughness degree inside the cavity between the single-gap movable plate surfaces; each accessory spiral interface on the single-crack movable plate surface (1504) is the same, the bolt parts of all spiral equivalent rough accessories are the same in specification and size, the spiral equivalent rough accessories can be adapted to the accessory spiral interfaces on the single-crack movable plate surface, each spiral equivalent rough accessory with the top shape also has different specifications, and different roughness degrees can be simulated.
4. The simulation device according to claim 2, wherein the middle connecting joint of the single-crack movable plate surface comprises a compression spring, a rubber sealing strip and a rotary connecting bolt, the outer sides of the connecting positions of two adjacent single-crack movable plate surfaces in the sealed cavity are rotatably connected through the rotary connecting bolt, the inner sides of the connecting positions are provided with the compression spring and the rubber sealing strip, the compression spring is connected with the single-crack movable plate surface and the rubber sealing strip, and the contact positions of the two rubber sealing strips of the two adjacent single-crack movable plate surfaces are in smooth contact, so that the sealing performance in the sealed cavity can not be influenced by rotation, the rubber sealing strips can abut against each other, and the sealing state is kept tense by adjusting the compression spring; the rotary connecting bolt, the rubber strip and the spring are all arranged in a tight strip shape along the width direction of the single-crack movable plate surface.
5. The simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the expansion conversion interface comprises a front part connected with the pipeline adapter and a rear part connected with the outlet or inlet of the simulation box, the front part of the expansion conversion interface is a structure with a large middle part and two small ends, the front part is connected with the pipeline adapter at a position that the rectangular interface is fixed with the pipeline adapter through corresponding bolts, the middle and the tail end of the front part are connected together through a flexible material, and the middle and the front end of the front part are connected together through a rigid material; the rear part of the expansion conversion interface is made of flexible materials, and a tail end outlet of the rear part is provided with a bolt interface and is connected with an inlet and an outlet of the simulation box through corresponding bolt interfaces; and the pipeline adapter is used for connecting the blending stirring unit, the waste liquid recovery unit and the single crack simulation unit.
6. The simulation device according to claim 5, wherein the pipe adapter has a round end and a square end, the round pipe is a rotary or slot type pipe connecting round end, and the square pipe is a bolt connecting square end.
7. The simulation device according to claim 1, wherein a flexible material at the rear part of the expansion conversion interface is sleeved on the upper and lower single-crack movable plate surfaces with the opening degree adjusted by the single-crack movable plate surfaces, a bolt interface at the tail end of the flexible material, a movable plate surface bolt interface on the extending surface of the single-crack movable plate surface and a bolt interface on the outermost longitudinal guide rail are fixed together through bolts to form a closed interface, and at the moment, the extending surface on the single-crack movable plate surface is not positioned at the edge part and is positioned at the front part of the outer surface of the single-crack movable plate surface; when the number of the single-crack movable plate surfaces is an even number larger than four, the two ends of the single-crack movable plate surface positioned in the middle are provided with middle connecting joints, and the rotating connecting bolts of the middle connecting joints extend to the two ends to penetrate out of the corresponding longitudinal guide rails to be fixedly connected with the sliding handles through threads.
8. The simulation device of claim 1, wherein the blending and stirring unit comprises a water tank, a blending box blanking switch, a blanking flow stabilizer and a stirring chamber, and a pipeline valve, a pressure pump and a pipeline pressure display are arranged at the front and the back of the stirring chamber; front-mounted camera equipment and rear-mounted lighting equipment are mounted in front of and behind the simulation box, and an output pipeline of the stirring chamber is connected with an inlet of the simulation box through a pipeline adapter and an expansion adapter;
The waste liquid recovery unit comprises a waste liquid recovery box, the waste liquid recovery box is connected with an outlet of the simulation box through a corresponding pipeline pressure display, a pipeline valve, another pipeline switching port and an expansion switching port, and the front-mounted camera shooting equipment and the rear-mounted lighting equipment can slide on corresponding horizontal guide rails through corresponding guide rail rolling pulleys so as to adjust the camera shooting range and the illumination condition; pressure sensors are respectively arranged at the inlet position, the middle position and the outlet position of the inner side of the front and/or rear plate surface of the simulation box, and all the pressure sensors and the camera equipment are connected with a computer.
9. A use method of a visual controllable rough single-crack seepage simulation device is characterized by comprising the following steps: the using method comprises the following steps:
step 1: obtaining single crack surfaces with different roughness of the plate by replacing different types of spiral equivalent rough accessories;
step 2: the position distances among a plurality of single-crack movable plate surfaces (1504) are changed by adjusting sliding handles (1503) at different positions of the simulation box, so that single crack surfaces with different opening degrees and shapes are obtained;
and step 3: different fracture flowing media are prepared by adjusting materials in the material mixing box (4), sand or filling slurry can be selected in the material mixing box (4), or water is selected by controlling a water tank switch to participate in preparation of different flowing materials to enter the single-fracture simulation device;
And 4, step 4: the size of the inlet end, the inclination angle of the middle end and the size of the outlet end of the single-crack movable plate surface (1504) are adjusted by adjusting a sliding handle (1503) on a longitudinal guide rail of the simulation box (15);
and 5: the flow characteristic between single crack surfaces of the simulation box (15) is monitored in real time under the display of the transparent plates on the front side and the rear side through a camera and an illuminating device;
and 6: according to the size of the inlet and the outlet of the simulation box (15), a telescopic butt joint device formed by the inlet and outlet expansion conversion interface is adjusted to adapt to different opening size requirements.
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