CN113529403A - 一种阻燃防沾污自清洁箱包面料 - Google Patents

一种阻燃防沾污自清洁箱包面料 Download PDF

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CN113529403A
CN113529403A CN202110903580.5A CN202110903580A CN113529403A CN 113529403 A CN113529403 A CN 113529403A CN 202110903580 A CN202110903580 A CN 202110903580A CN 113529403 A CN113529403 A CN 113529403A
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cleaning
flame
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蔡再生
牟晓峰
靳凯丽
侯科如
张金萍
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Shanghai Neoent Industrial Co ltd
Donghua University
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Donghua University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种阻燃防沾污自清洁箱包面料。该面料组织结构为双层组织结构，表经表纬为防沾污、自清洁纱线，里经里纬为阻燃纱线，上下层间以相互接结的方式连接；所述防沾污、自清洁纱线是将纱线置于防污整理剂和自清洁整理剂的混合溶液中，超声浸渍，烘干，焙烘获得。该面料具有较好的防油、防水、防污效果和自清洁效果，里层的阻燃纱线可以熄灭火焰，对箱包内物品进行保护。

Description

一种阻燃防沾污自清洁箱包面料
技术领域
本发明属于箱包面料领域，特别涉及一种即具有阻燃功能，又不易被污渍沾污，且一旦被污染后可以实现自清洁的多功能箱包面料。
背景技术
随着社会经济的不断发展，各式各样的箱包出现在市面上，逐渐成为人们日常出行中必不可少的随身物品。箱包的产生与演变不仅与服饰的变化有关，而且和人们的生活方式更是息息相关。在汉朝李冕的《贺西楼》里就有提到：“区区方寸间，容纳百器通。”这是对箱包最早的定义，经过数百年乃至上千年的发展，箱包不再只有古代“容纳百器”的作用，实用性和功能性更为丰富，甚至能成为品味和身份的代表。
涤纶具有强力大、初始模量高、耐磨、耐腐蚀、耐气候性好。涤纶丝价格便宜，做成的箱包易洗快干、尺寸稳定性好、经久耐用，能满足人们对箱包结构的更高要求,因此涤纶已成为箱包织物的首选原料。箱包面料不同于我们常用的衣物，家纺面料等，其在使用过程中维护成本高，且对其安全性能也提出了更高的要求。但是，涤纶纤维由于其亲水性基团较少，一旦受到油性物质的污染，难以通过简单的擦拭、洗涤去除。涤纶是易燃纤维，而箱包一般在人们日常上班或旅行途中使用，一旦发生火灾，火势燃烧得非常快，火灾烟气迅速蔓延，严重威胁人员生命和行车安全。所以开发具有阻燃和防沾污功效的箱包面料是十分有必要的。但是目前常用的方式是通过对纱线和面料进行阻燃和防沾污整理，来实现这一目的。防沾污整理剂通常为长碳链大分子结构，如有机氟乳液、聚酯类聚氧乙烯缩合物、亲水性有机硅、丙烯酸酯类等，这些通常为易燃试剂，难以于阻燃整理复合。因此，目前阻燃防沾污类的面料通常存在阻燃或防沾污性不好，或两者都不能达到预期效果。
双层织物为两组各自独立的经纱和两组各自独立的纬纱交织成两层重叠的织物。其中上层组织结构为表组织，由表经和表纬交织而成；下层组织结构为里组织，由里经和里纬相互交织而成。具有双层组织的织物表里重叠，从织物正反面分析，都只能观察到其中的一部分。利用其互相独立的正反面，可以设计制备出表面防沾污、自清洁，里面具有阻燃性能的多功能面料。因此，本发明旨在提出一种通过面料组织结构设计，运用阻燃纤维和自清洁、防沾污纤维，制备一种具有良好阻燃和防沾污、自清洁性能的箱包面料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种阻燃防沾污自清洁箱包面料，以克服现有技术中箱包面料阻燃、防沾污性、自清洁性不好的缺陷，本发明提供一种具备阻燃功能，不易被污渍沾污，且一旦被污渍沾污可以实现自清洁的箱包面料，该面料性能持久，效果明显。
本发明提供一种阻燃防沾污自清洁箱包面料，所述箱包面料组织结构为双层组织结构，表经表纬为防沾污、自清洁纱线，里经里纬为阻燃纱线，上下层间以相互接结的方式连接；所述防沾污、自清洁纱线是将纱线置于防污整理剂和自清洁整理剂的混合溶液中，超声浸渍，烘干，焙烘获得。
优选地，上述箱包面料中，所述纱线为棉、粘胶、涤纶、丙纶、尼龙中的一种，纤度分布在600-1000D。
本发明还提供一种阻燃防沾污自清洁箱包面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将防污整理剂水溶液与自清洁整理剂分散液混合得到混合溶液，将纱线置于混合溶液中，超声浸渍，烘干，焙烘，得到防沾污、自清洁纱线；
(2)将纱线置于阻燃整理剂溶液中，浸渍，烘干，焙烘，得到阻燃纱线；
(3)以步骤(1)中防沾污、自清洁纱线为表经表纬，步骤(2)中阻燃纱线为里经里纬，进行织造双层组织结构，上下层间以相互接结的方式连接，得到阻燃防沾污自清洁箱包面料。
优选地，上述方法中，所述步骤(1)中防污整理剂为有机氟乳液、聚酯类聚氧乙烯缩合物、亲水性有机硅、丙烯酸酯类中的一种。
优选地，上述方法中，所述步骤(1)中防污整理剂水溶液浓度为30-150g/L。
优选地，上述方法中，所述步骤(1)中自清洁整理剂为纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛中的一种。
优选地，上述方法中，所述步骤(1)中自清洁整理剂分散液浓度为10-50g/L。
优选地，上述方法中，所述步骤(1)中防污整理剂与自清洁整理剂的质量比为3：1-1：1。
优选地，上述方法中，所述步骤(1)中超声浸渍时间为1-3h，超声功率为80-100W。
优选地，上述方法中，所述步骤(1)中烘干温度为60-100℃；焙烘温度为140-180℃，焙烘时间为60-240s。
优选地，上述方法中，所述步骤(1)中混合是在800-1000r/min搅拌速率下混合均匀。
优选地，上述方法中，所述步骤(2)中阻燃整理剂为卤系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、磷-卤系阻燃剂、磷-氮系阻燃剂中的一种。
优选地，上述方法中，所述步骤(2)中阻燃整理剂溶液浓度为200-400g/L。
优选地，上述方法中，所述步骤(2)中浸渍时间为0.5-3h；烘干温度为60-100℃。
优选地，上述方法中，所述步骤(2)中焙烘温度为140-180℃，焙烘时间为60-240s。
优选地，上述方法中，所述步骤(3)中阻燃防沾污自清洁箱包面料密度为20-80根/cm。
本发明还提供一种阻燃防沾污自清洁箱包面料在箱包中的应用。
防污整理剂一般能很好保护织物不被污渍污染，但由于污渍和防污整理剂都为高分子物质，一旦被沾污，污渍也极难被去除。本发明在防污整理剂中加入纳米级自清洁试剂，如纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛等，在超声过程中，由于超声带来的空化作用会使纤维表面溶胀，纳米颗粒在超声过程中会浸入纤维溶胀区域，甚至扩散进纤维内部。在后续焙烘过程中防污整理剂会与纤维发生交联或整理剂间的相互交联，在纤维表面形成一层牢固的防污整理剂膜，从而使纤维既具备防污功能也具备自清洁功能。相比于现有浸渍-焙烘、涂层-焙烘工艺，该方法不仅可以使纳米自清洁整理剂、防污整理剂均匀地分布在纤维表面及扩散进纤维内部，而且防污整理剂的交联成膜效果避免在后续使用过程中由于磨损使整理剂脱落。整理均匀性及持久性均有提升。此外，纳米自清洁整理剂与防污整理剂可形成粗糙表面结构，构筑荷叶表面效应，增加织物的防污效果。
有益效果
本发明解决后整理工艺不能使面料兼得良好的阻燃和防沾污性能，且一旦被沾污后污渍难以去除的问题。本发明从织物组织结构出发，开发一种兼具阻燃和防沾污、自清洁效果的箱包面料。采用超声浸渍-烘干-焙烘整理工艺，通过研究整理剂用量、复配、超声浸渍时间，焙烘温度和时间对纱线整理效果的影响，获得具有优异阻燃，防沾污、自清洁效果的纱线。采用机织的方法，以防沾污、自清洁纱线为表经表纬，阻燃纱线为里经里纬织造箱包用面料，该面料表面具有防油、防水、防污效果，减轻箱包护理难度，一旦被污渍沾污可通过光催化降解去除污物；里层的阻燃纱线可以熄灭火焰，对箱包内物品进行保护。
附图说明
图1为本发明制得的双层阻燃防沾污箱包面料的结构示意图，其中1为防污、自清洁纬纱，2为防污、自清洁经纱，3为阻燃纬纱，4为阻燃经纱，5为防污、自清洁表面，6为阻燃里面。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
性能测试：
(1)阻燃性测试。
按GB/T5455-1997《纺织品燃烧性能垂直方向试样火焰蔓延性能的测定》测定。B1级：损毁炭长≤15cm，续燃时间≤5s，阴燃时间≤5s；B2级：损毁炭长≤20cm，续燃时间≤10s，阴燃时间≤10s。
(2)防沾污测试
按GB/T 19977-2014《纺织品拒油抗碳氢化合物实验》测定抗碳氢化合物效果，按GB/T30159.1-2013《纺织品防污性能的检测和评价第1部分：耐沾污性》测定防污效果，按AATCC22《纺织品防水性能的检测和评价-沾水法》测定动态防水性。
(3)撕破强力
按GB/T3917.1-2009《纺织品织物撕破性能第1部分：冲击摆锤法斯破强力的测定》方法测定。计算强力损失。
(4)自清洁测试以及自清洁持久性的测试
根据GB/T 23764-2009《光催化自清洁材料性能测试方法》在防污、自清洁表面涂覆油酸，随后在紫外-可见光光源下进行照射，测试在照射0h，0.5h，1h，1.5h，2h被污染部位的防沾污、防沾水、防水等级。最终以照射2h后的结果为样品一次自清洁效果；重复涂覆油酸-自清洁过程测试自清洁持久性。
实施例1
配制阻燃整理液。在水中加入阻燃剂雅可风TFR(上海雅韵)，配置成浓度为250g/L的整理液。将1000D涤纶纱线在室温条件下置入上述整理液中，浸渍2h，随后在烘箱中于80℃烘干，160℃焙烘120s。
配制自清洁、三防整理液。在水中加入40g/L的三防整理剂雅可风FP-60(上海雅韵)，和30g/L的自清洁整理剂纳米氧化锌，分别混合均匀后，将两者混合(体积比1：1)配置成整理液。将1000D涤纶纱线在室温条件下置入上述整理液中，100W的超声功率下浸渍2h，随后在烘箱中于80℃烘干，160℃焙烘120s。
双层织物织造。以防沾污、自清洁纱线为表经表纬，阻燃纱线为里经里纬机织，双层织物的机织分为五步：送经、开口、引纬、打纬up)和织物牵拉。由于织物最小单元组织分别由表经、表纬、里经、里纬各5根组成，故需要10个棕框，前5个棕框用来穿表经，后五个棕框用来穿里经，四根相邻经纱穿过钢筘的同一个孔；制造时需使用2梭子，一个穿表纬，另一个穿里纬，编织过程需要注意两种纬纱的打纬顺序，以保证得到的织物表面全防沾污纱线组成，里面全由阻燃纱线组成。
测试上述双层箱包面料的防沾污、阻燃、撕破强力以及自清洁性及其持久性，其结果见表1、表2、表3。
表1
Figure BDA0003200690640000041
Figure BDA0003200690640000051
表2
照射时间 0h 0.5h 1h 1.5h 2h
正庚烷 C类 C类 B类 A类 A类
防沾污等级(压榨成品油) 1-2级 2-3级 3-4级 4级 4-5级
防沾污等级(老抽) 1-2级 2-3级 3-4级 4级 4-5级
防沾水等级 2级 3级 4级 5级 5级
表3
Figure BDA0003200690640000052
由表1、表2和表3可知，本实施例制备的阻燃防污自清洁双层面料兼具优异的阻燃和防污效果，经过焙烘后织物损伤小，且被油酸沾污后通过光催化自清洁作用可以及时去除污渍，自清洁持久性好。
实施例2
根据实施例1，将实施例1中“1000D涤纶纱线”均修改为“600D涤纶纱线”，其余与实施例1相同，得到双层箱包面料。
测试上述双层箱包面料的防沾污、阻燃、撕破强力，其结果见表4、表5。
表4
Figure BDA0003200690640000061
表5
Figure BDA0003200690640000062
由表4和表5可知，改变纱线旦数对整理效果影响较小，但是由于纱线变细织物强力下降。
实施例3
根据实施例1，将阻燃整理以及自清洁、三防整理过程中的浸渍时间改为1h，其余均与实施例1相同，得到双层箱包面料。
测试双层箱包面料的防沾污、阻燃、撕破强力、自清洁及其持久性，其结果见表6、表7。
表6
Figure BDA0003200690640000063
表7
Figure BDA0003200690640000071
由表6和表7可知，减少浸渍时间，织物的阻燃防污性能稍微有所下降，但仍能达到要求。
实施例4
根据实施例1，将阻燃整理以及自清洁、三防整理过程中的焙烘时间改为180s，其余均与实施例1相同，得到双层箱包面料。
测试双层箱包面料的防沾污、阻燃、撕破强力以及自清洁及其持久性，其结果见表8、表9。
表8
Figure BDA0003200690640000072
表9
Figure BDA0003200690640000073
Figure BDA0003200690640000081
由表8和表9可知，增加焙烘时间，对织物阻燃防污自清洁基本没有影响，但是织物强力损失相对变大。
实施例5
根据实施例1，将阻燃整理以及自清洁、三防整理过程中的自清洁整理剂改为纳米二氧化钛，其余均与实施例1相同，得到双层箱包面料。
测试双层箱包面料的防沾污、阻燃、撕破强力、自清洁及其持久性，其结果见表10、表11。
表10
Figure BDA0003200690640000082
表11
Figure BDA0003200690640000083
由表10和表11可知，将纳米二氧化钛替换纳米氧化锌后，织物的自清洁效果基本不发生变化。
对比例1
根据实施例1，将超声浸渍整理过程改为浸渍过程，其余均与实施例1相同，得到双层箱包面料。
测试双层箱包面料的防沾污、阻燃、撕破强力、自清洁及其持久性，其结果见表12、表13。
表12
Figure BDA0003200690640000091
表13
Figure BDA0003200690640000092
由表12和表13可知，将超声浸渍过程改为浸渍后，织物的阻燃、防沾污、自清洁效果略微降低，但自清洁持久性明显变差。
对比例2
根据实施例1，将三防整理剂雅可风FP-60改为纳米三防整理剂AFF-300％(厦门晨斯纳商贸有限公司)，其余均与实施例1相同，得到双层箱包面料。
测试双层箱包面料的防沾污、阻燃、撕破强力、自清洁及其持久性，其结果见表14、表15。
表14
Figure BDA0003200690640000093
Figure BDA0003200690640000101
表15
Figure BDA0003200690640000102
由表14和表15可知，将三防整理剂雅可风FP-60改为纳米三防整理剂AFF-300％后，纤维表面成膜性能明显下降，织物防沾污、自清洁效果略微降低，但自清洁持久性明显变差，但由于长碳链有机组分的减少，织物的阻燃效果稍有改善。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明而并非限制本发明所描述的技术方案，因此，尽管本说明书参照上述的各个实施例对本发明已进行了详细的说明，但是，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换，而一切不脱离本发明的精神和范围的技术方案及其改进，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。

Claims (10)

1.一种阻燃防沾污自清洁箱包面料，其特征在于，所述箱包面料组织结构为双层组织结构，表经表纬为防沾污、自清洁纱线，里经里纬为阻燃纱线，上下层间以相互接结的方式连接；所述防沾污、自清洁纱线是将纱线置于防污整理剂和自清洁整理剂的混合溶液中，超声浸渍，烘干，焙烘获得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的箱包面料，其特征在于，所述纱线为棉、粘胶、涤纶、丙纶、尼龙中的一种，纤度分布在600-1000D。
3.一种阻燃防沾污自清洁箱包面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将防污整理剂水溶液与自清洁整理剂分散液混合得到混合溶液，将纱线置于混合溶液中，超声浸渍，烘干，焙烘，得到防沾污、自清洁纱线；
(2)将纱线置于阻燃整理剂溶液中，浸渍，烘干，焙烘，得到阻燃纱线；
(3)以步骤(1)中防沾污、自清洁纱线为表经表纬，步骤(2)中阻燃纱线为里经里纬，进行织造双层组织结构，上下层间以相互接结的方式连接，得到阻燃防沾污自清洁箱包面料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中防污整理剂为有机氟乳液、聚酯类聚氧乙烯缩合物、亲水性有机硅、丙烯酸酯类中的一种；防污整理剂水溶液浓度为30-150g/L。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中自清洁整理剂为纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛中的一种；自清洁整理剂分散液浓度为10-50g/L；防污整理剂与自清洁整理剂的质量比为3：1-1：1。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中超声浸渍时间为1-3h，超声功率为80-100W；烘干温度为60-100℃；焙烘温度为140-180℃，焙烘时间为60-240s。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中阻燃整理剂为卤系阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、磷-卤系阻燃剂、磷-氮系阻燃剂中的一种；阻燃整理剂溶液浓度为30-150g/L。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(2)中浸渍时间为0.5-3h；烘干温度为60-100℃；焙烘温度为140-180℃，焙烘时间为60-240s。
9.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(3)中阻燃防沾污自清洁箱包面料密度为20-80根/cm。
10.一种如权利要求1所述的箱包面料在箱包中的应用。
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