CN113527139A - 合成7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈的方法及中间体 - Google Patents
合成7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈的方法及中间体 Download PDFInfo
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- MGJHVZKRAOYORH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-yl)acetonitrile Chemical compound C1CC=C(CC#N)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 MGJHVZKRAOYORH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/06—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from nitriles by transformation of cyano groups into carboxamide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C255/01—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C255/32—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C255/37—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring the carbon skeleton being further substituted by etherified hydroxy groups
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Abstract
本发明涉及有机合成领域,公开了一种7‑甲氧基‑1‑萘乙腈的制备方法及中间体。步骤包括:(1)7‑甲氧基四氢‑1‑萘酮与氰基乙酸缩合反应,(7‑甲氧基‑3,4‑二氢‑1‑萘基)乙腈;(2)(7‑甲氧基‑3,4‑二氢‑1‑萘基)乙腈经过卤代反应生成(7‑甲氧基‑3,4‑二氢‑4‑卤代‑1‑萘基)乙腈;(3)(7‑甲氧基‑3,4‑二氢‑4‑卤代‑1‑萘基)乙腈脱去卤化氢生成7‑甲氧基‑1‑萘乙腈。本方法反应条件温和,步骤较少,操作简单,原料简单易得;无需使用苛刻的条件、高成本催化剂或高危化学品。因此,本发明的方案作为合成7‑甲氧基‑1‑萘乙腈的新方法,有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成领域,具体为合成阿戈美拉汀的关键中间体7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈的方法。
背景技术
阿戈美拉汀是一种褪黑激素激动剂,能有效治疗抑郁症和改善睡眠,是一种抗抑郁药。7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈,或者(7-甲氧基-1-萘基)乙腈是合成阿戈美拉汀的关键中间体,目前,其合成方法一般以7-甲氧基四氢-1-萘酮为原料,主要有以下几种:
(1)Synthetic Communications(31(4),621-629;2001)以7-甲氧基四氢-1-萘酮为原料,先在丁基锂作用下与乙腈反应,进一步通过DDQ脱氢,再酸催化脱水制得(7-甲氧基-1-萘基)乙腈。该方法需要用到丁基锂,这是一种危险化学品,工业化生产比较危险。
(2)EP0447285将7-甲氧基四氢-1-萘酮与溴乙酸乙酯进行Reformatsky反应,再用硫脱氢芳构化,得到(7-甲氧基-1-萘基)乙酸乙酯,再经过水解、酰胺化、脱水,制得(7-甲氧基-1-萘基)乙腈。该方法步骤较长,操作繁琐。
(3)EP1564202报道了以7-甲氧基四氢-1-萘酮为原料,与氰基乙酸缩合制得(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-萘基)乙腈,再用钯碳高温脱氢制得(7-甲氧基-1-萘基)乙腈,该方法需要使用钯碳催化剂,成本高且生产过程不安全,不适合工业化生产。
(4)《中国医药工业杂志》,2008,39(3):161-162,报道了以7-甲氧基四氢-1-萘酮为原料,先于氰基乙酸缩合制得(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-萘基)乙腈,再用DDQ脱氢制得(7-甲氧基-1-萘基)乙腈,该方法所用DDQ价格高,且产生的副产物2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰对苯酚,环境污染大。
(5)CN104239754A报道的合成方法与(4)相似,虽然可以减少催化剂用量,避免使用二氯甲烷、氯仿等高毒低沸点溶剂,但仍需使用价格高的DDQ,成本较高。
以上(1)~(5)合成方法的反应路线如下:
上述的合成方法产率一般在79%~97%,但普遍存在成本高(试剂价格贵)、步骤长、操作繁琐或者安全性不高的问题。因此,需要改进合成方法,以低成本试剂和简便、温和的反应条件,获得
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈的制备方法。
技术方案为:一种中间体,为(7-甲氧基-3-氢-4-卤代-1-萘基)乙腈,结构如式IV所示,其中X=Cl、Br或I;
优选的,X为Br,即,中间体为(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-4-溴-1-萘基)乙腈。
上述中间体可用于合成7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈或者阿戈美拉汀。
上述中间体的制备方法包括以下步骤:式III所示的化合物(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-萘基)乙腈经过卤代反应生成(7-甲氧基-3-氢-4-卤代-1-萘基)乙腈。
制备方法为:(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-萘基)乙腈与卤代试剂于溶剂中反应1~4h,洗涤浓缩,加入醇过滤取固体。
(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-萘基)乙腈与卤代试剂中卤元素的摩尔比为1:1~2,优选为1:1.2~1.5。
优选的,卤代反应在5~40℃下进行,溶剂为甲苯或乙腈。
卤代试剂为N-卤代琥珀酰亚胺或卤素,卤素为单质的氯、溴或碘。
优选的,卤代试剂为N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺或溴。
优选的,(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-萘基)乙腈通过以下方法制备:式II所示的7-甲氧基四氢-1-萘酮与氰基乙酸缩合反应,生成(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-萘基)乙腈。
7-甲氧基四氢-1-萘酮与氰基乙酸缩合反应条件为:7-甲氧基四氢-1-萘酮与氰基乙酸在催化剂条件下,于溶剂中回流反应10~30h,冷却后洗涤浓缩;产物可以不经分离纯化,直接进行下一步反应。
优选的,所述催化剂为庚酸和苄胺;7-甲氧基四氢-1-萘酮与氰基乙酸的摩尔比为1:0.9~1.2,所使用的溶剂为甲苯或乙腈。7-甲氧基四氢-1-萘酮与庚酸和苄胺的摩尔比为1:0.2~0.3:0.2~0.3。
7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(7-甲氧基-3,4二-氢-4-卤代-1-萘基)乙腈用碱脱去卤化氢,反应条件为:(7-甲氧基-3-氢-4-卤代-1-萘基)乙腈与碱混合于溶剂中,反应2~8h,调pH至6~7,浓缩析晶。
所述7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈的结构如式I所示:
优选的,所述的碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或氨水,(7-甲氧基-3-氢-4-卤代-1-萘基)乙腈与碱的摩尔比为1:1~5;所使用的溶剂为醇。
更优选的,(7-甲氧基-3-氢-4-卤代-1-萘基)乙腈与碱的摩尔比为1:1~3,进一步优选为1:2。所述的醇优选为甲醇或乙醇。
通过本方法合成7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈,总收率可以达到94.2%;反应条件温和,步骤较少,操作简单,原料简单易得;无需使用高温高压等苛刻的条件或者高成本催化剂,也不使用高危化学品。因此,本发明的方案操作简便,成本低,作为合成7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈的新方法,有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例2的(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-4-溴-1-萘基)乙腈HNMR图谱
图2为实施例3制备的7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈HPLC谱图
图3为实施例5制备的7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈HPLC谱图
图4为实施例7制备的7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈HPLC谱图
图5为实施例9制备的7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈HPLC谱图
具体实施方式
以下结合具体的实施例来对本发明的技术方案加以说明。合成路线如下所示。
实施例1(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-萘基)乙腈(式III化合物)的合成
7-甲氧基四氢-1-萘酮(如式II所示的化合物)8.8g(0.05mol)、氰基乙酸6.7g(0.08mol)、苄胺1.35g(0.013mol)、庚酸1.65g(0.013mol)投入到甲苯80ml中,回流搅拌20h,反应冷却,40ml 2N氢氧化钠洗、40ml水洗、40ml饱和盐水洗,分出甲苯层,将甲苯层浓缩去除甲苯,得13.4g棕色液体(粗品约含25.6%的甲苯),直接投入下一步。
实施例2(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-4-溴-1-萘基)乙腈(式IV化合物,X=Br)的合成
实施例1所制备的粗品(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-萘基)乙腈(如式III所示的化合物)1.99g(0.00743mol)投入乙腈15ml中,25度下,加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)1.78g(0.01mol),25度保温搅拌2h,反应完全。向反应液中加水15ml、乙酸乙酯40ml提取,乙酸乙酯层用15ml 10%亚硫酸氢钠水溶液洗、30ml饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗、30ml饱和盐水洗,有机层浓缩,得2.8g油状物,加甲醇5ml室温搅拌,过滤,烘干得灰白色固体2g(0.0072mol),摩尔收率96%。HNMR与结构相符,如图1所示。
实施例3 7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈(式I化合物)的合成
实施例2制备的灰白色固体(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-4-溴-1-萘基)乙腈(如式IV所示化合物)1.4g(0.005mol)投入甲醇10ml中,加入氢氧化钠0.4g(0.01mol),25度搅拌4h,反应结束,加盐酸调pH=6~7,减压浓缩一半甲醇,剩余物降温析晶,5度过滤,得淡黄色固体1.0g。向淡黄色固体再加入水10ml打浆得到0.95g(0.0048mol),收率95%,HPLC大于99.8%,HPLC谱图如图2所示。
实施例4(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-4-氯-1-萘基)乙腈(式IV化合物,X=Cl)的合成
实施例1所制备的粗品(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-萘基)乙腈(式III所示的化合物)1.99g(0.00743mol)投入乙腈15ml中,25度下,加入N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺1.48g(0.011mol),25度保温反应2h,反应不完,再升高温度至45度反应。反应液仍有少许不完。加水15ml、乙酸乙酯40ml提取,乙酸乙酯层用15ml 10%亚硫酸氢钠水溶液洗、30ml饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗、30ml饱和盐水洗,有机层浓缩,得2.6g油状物,加甲醇5ml室温搅拌,过滤,烘干得类白色固体1.29g(0.0072mol),摩尔收率74.5%。
实施例5 7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈(式I化合物)的合成
实施例4制备的类白色固体(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-4-氯-1-萘基)乙腈1.2g(0.005mol)投入甲醇10ml中,加入氢氧化钠0.4g(0.01mol),25度保温搅拌4h,反应结束,反应液中仍有少许反应不完。向反应液中加盐酸调pH=6~7,减压浓缩一半甲醇,剩余物降温析晶,5度过滤,得淡黄色固体0.89g,向淡黄色固体再加入水10ml打浆过滤干燥得到0.79g(0.004mol)。摩尔收率80%,HPLC纯度96.9%,结果如图3所示。
实施例6(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-4-碘-1-萘基)乙腈(式IV化合物)的合成
实施例1所制备的粗品(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-萘基)乙腈(如式III所示的化合物)1.99g(0.00743mol)投入乙腈15ml中,25度下,加入N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺2.60g(0.011mol),25度保温反应2h,反应不完;补加N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺0.9g(0.0038mol),有少许反应不完。向反应液中加水15ml、乙酸乙酯40ml提取,乙酸乙酯层用15ml 10%亚硫酸氢钠水溶液洗、30ml饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗、30ml饱和盐水洗,有机层浓缩,得3.2g油状物,加甲醇5ml室温搅拌,过滤,烘干得土黄色固体2.0g(0.0062mol),摩尔收率82.7%。
实施例7 7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈(式I化合物)的合成
实施例6制备的土黄色固体(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-4-碘-1-萘基)乙腈(如式I所示化合物)1.6g(0.005mol)投入甲醇10ml中,加入氢氧化钠0.4g(0.01mol),25度搅拌4h,反应结束。向反应液中加盐酸调pH=6~7,减压浓缩一半甲醇,剩余物降温析晶,5度过滤,得土黄色固体0.95g,向淡黄色固体再加入水10ml打浆得到0.83g(0.0042mol)。摩尔收率84%,HPLC纯度98.6%,如图4所示。
实施例8(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-萘基)乙腈(式III化合物)的合成
向200L反应釜中加入7-甲氧基四氢-1-萘酮(如式II所示的化合物)8.8kg(50mol)、氰基乙酸6.7kg(80mol)、苄胺1.35kg(1.3mol)、庚酸1.65kg(1.3mol)投入到甲苯88kg中,回流搅拌20-30h,反应冷却,依次加入40L 2N氢氧化钠溶液洗、40L水洗、40L饱和盐水洗,分出甲苯层,将甲苯层浓缩去除甲苯,得14kg棕色液体(粗品约含28.8%的甲苯),直接投入下一步。
实施例9(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-4-溴-1-萘基)乙腈(式IV化合物,X=Br)的合成
实施例8制备的(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-萘基)乙腈(如式III所示的化合物)14kg(实施例8中粗品)投入乙腈105L中,25度下,加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)11.9kg(66.9mol),25度保温搅拌2h,反应完全。向反应液中加水105L、乙酸乙酯280L提取,乙酸乙酯层用100L 10%亚硫酸氢钠水溶液洗、100L饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗、100饱和盐水洗,有机层浓缩干得19.6kg油状物,加甲醇35L室温搅拌,过滤,烘干得灰白色固体13.3kg(47.8mol),摩尔收率95.6%。
实施例10 7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈(式I化合物)的合成
实施例9制备的(7甲氧基-3,4-二氢-4-溴-1-萘基)乙腈(如式IV所示化合物)13.3kg(实施例2灰白色固体,47.8mol)投入甲醇93.1L中,加入氢氧化钠2.2kg(95.6mol),25-30度搅拌反应4h,反应结束。向反应液中滴加盐酸调pH=6~7,浓缩去除一半甲醇,剩余物降温析晶,5度过滤,得淡黄色固体10.5kg。向淡黄色固体加入水100L打浆,抽滤得到9.3kg(47.1mol),收率98.5%,HPLC大于99.9%,如图5所示。
Claims (10)
2.权利要求1所述的中间体,其特征在于,X为Br。
3.权利要求1或2所述的中间体用于合成7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈或者阿戈美拉汀。
5.权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,卤代反应的条件为:(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-1-萘基)乙腈与卤代试剂于溶剂中反应1~4h,洗涤浓缩,加入醇过滤取固体。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,卤代反应在5~40℃下进行,溶剂为甲苯或乙腈。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,卤代试剂为N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺或卤素。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的卤代试剂为溴或者N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺。
9.7-甲氧基-1-萘乙腈的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-4-卤代-1-萘基)乙腈用碱脱去卤化氢,反应条件为:(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-4-卤代-1-萘基)乙腈与碱混合于溶剂中,反应2~8h,调pH至6~7,浓缩析晶。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或氨水,(7-甲氧基-3,4-二氢-4-卤代-1-萘基)乙腈与碱的摩尔比为1:1~5;所使用的溶剂为醇。
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