CN113519725A - 一种石斑鱼配合饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种石斑鱼配合饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113519725A CN113519725A CN202110854581.5A CN202110854581A CN113519725A CN 113519725 A CN113519725 A CN 113519725A CN 202110854581 A CN202110854581 A CN 202110854581A CN 113519725 A CN113519725 A CN 113519725A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种石斑鱼配合饲料及其制备方法，涉及水产饲料领域。所述石斑鱼配合饲料包括中草药添加剂和基础饲料，所述中草药添加剂包括以下重量份比的中草药：100份‑200份杜仲、150份‑300份姜黄素、200份‑700份绞股蓝、250份‑800份黄芪、150份‑700份甘草。所述石斑鱼配合饲料能有效改善石斑鱼的肝脏肠道健康，提高免疫力，增强石斑鱼对饲料的消化利用率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产饲料领域，特别是涉及一种石斑鱼配合饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
石斑鱼的营养丰富、肉质细嫩，味道鲜美。石斑鱼肉中的蛋白质含量较高，除含人体所必须的各种氨基酸外，还含有无机盐、铁、钙、磷以及维生素等人体必须的营养物质，一举成为经济价值很高的鱼类，宴席上的佳肴，是畅销港澳台的名贵海鲜品。
目前的石斑鱼养殖中，因石斑鱼在高温季节鱼的摄食量明显增加，养殖户鲜少控料，都是饱食投喂，而且为了赶长速，饲料的营养都做得很高，造成石斑鱼肝脏及肠道的超负荷运转。而肝脏和肠道作为免疫系统，其平衡被打破后，石斑鱼对高温协迫和细菌的抵御能力下降，病毒感染更容易爆发。正常情况下，鱼类肠道菌群和肠黏膜免疫系统处于一个理想的动态平衡，共同维护宿主的健康。肠道粘膜与菌群一起形成生物膜屏障，阻止并排斥病原菌定植，维护肠道正常的微生物平衡，防御外来菌入侵。肠道菌群与肠黏膜免疫系统相互协作，并可激活相当数量的肠道相关性淋巴细胞，有效提高抗干扰素和巨噬细胞的活性，有助于增强肠道粘膜免疫，同时还能增强T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞对抗原刺激的反应性，进一步提高机体非特异性与特异性免疫水平。因此，肝脏作为消化和解毒的重要器官，其重要性不言而喻。
然而，很多养殖户在石斑鱼拉白便、出现肠炎时，盲目地使用抗生素。虽然抗生素杀灭了有害菌，但同时也消灭了有益菌，破坏了有益菌的保护屏障，使石斑鱼的免疫抵抗力变得更弱。不仅如此，抗生素的大量使用带来耐药菌株。养殖户不会科学用药，无法控制住鱼的损耗，进而造成重大的经济损失。而从食品安全角度鼓励的无抗养殖，则对养殖业提出了更高的要求。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种石斑鱼配合饲料，能有效改善石斑鱼的肝脏肠道健康，提高免疫力，增强石斑鱼对饲料的消化利用率。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种石斑鱼配合饲料，包括中草药添加剂和基础饲料，所述中草药添加剂包括以下重量份比的中草药：
上述中草药添加剂中采用了杜仲，因为其主要成分为绿原酸、杜仲总黄酮和杜仲多糖，能提高机体免疫和抗氧化作用，促进生长，减少应激，清肝利胆，促进胆汁分泌，利于脂肪的消化吸收和代谢，还能抗菌、抗病毒及控制肠炎、烂腮、出血症等；上述中草药添加剂中采用了姜黄素，因为其能促进鱼类生长、提高鱼类消化酶活性和抗氧化力、增强免疫功能，同时，对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌有较好的抗菌作用，具有抑制肝炎、修复肝细胞损伤、改善肝脏实质损伤的功效；上述中草药添加剂中采用了绞股蓝，因为其富含的皂苷类物质(以达玛烷型四环三萜类化合物为主)对神经、血液、循环、内分泌和消化系统等多方面异常引起的疾病具有防治作用，同时，绞股蓝能增强免疫力，提高巨噬能力，明显增加白细胞数，同时增加白细胞自身的吞噬功能，促进体内白介素的分泌，增加血清免疫蛋白的产生，在肝细胞修复和抗体内自由基等方面疗效显著；上述中草药添加剂中采用了黄芪，因为其包含的黄芪多糖能有效防止病毒性疾病，有抗病毒、抗细菌、增强机体免疫功能和促进生长的作用；上述中草药添加剂中采用了甘草，因为其具有解毒、增强抗体、促进药效、愈合伤口、保肝健脾、抗菌消炎、抗机体氧化等功效，甘草的主要成分甘草次酸钠对多种急性炎症有抑制作用，其抗炎作用不依赖于垂体-肾上腺皮质系统，而和抑制炎症组织中PGE2生成拮抗炎症介质组胺，5-羟色胺等的作用有关，同时，甘草次酸钠还能抑制机体过氧化物降解产物丙二醛的生成。
在其中一个实施例中，所述中草药添加剂包括以下重量份比的中草药：
在其中一个实施例中，所述基础饲料包括以下重量份比的基础饲料原料：
溶血卵磷脂 1000份-2000份
酵解豆粕 130000份-250000份。
溶血卵磷脂作为一种优良的乳化剂，将其加入基础饲料，能促进动物生长，提高对脂类等营养物质的吸收，还可以降低肝脏系数和肝脂率，起保护肝脏的作用；酵解豆粕经过深度酵解，消除了多数抗营养因子，并得到更精准的微生物短链营养素，将其加入基础饲料，可迅速定向增殖益生菌，抑制外源性致病菌和肠内原有腐败细菌。
本发明还提供了所述石斑鱼配合饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
制备中草药添加剂：将所述中草药混合、粉碎，即得；
制备基础饲料：将所述基础饲料原料混合、粉碎，即得；
制备配合饲料：将所述中草药添加剂和所述基础饲料混合，经过调制、制粒、烘干、喷油，即得。
在其中一个实施例中，所述制备配合饲料步骤中，所述调制为通入95-100℃的水蒸气调制5-7分钟。
采用上述调制操作，能通过对配合饲料作熟化处理，使饲料在水热作用下，大幅度增加淀粉的糊化度，同时促进物料中的蛋白质受热变性，变性后的蛋白质更易于被酶解，进而提高饲料的消化利用率。
在其中一个实施例中，所述喷油中喷涂的油含有丁酸梭菌。
采用含有丁酸梭菌的油进行喷涂，是因为丁酸梭菌能促进动物肠道有益菌群的增殖和发育，在动物肠道内能产生B族维生素、维生素K、淀粉酶等物质，具有保健作用，且其主要代谢产物丁酸是肠道上皮组织细胞的再生和修复主要营养物质，同时，丁酸梭菌是厌氧或者兼性厌氧芽孢杆菌，不受胃酸、胆汁酸等影响。
在其中一个实施例中，所述中草药添加剂能通过800目筛网，所述基础饲料能通过80目筛网。
采用上述粗细程度的中草药添加剂和基础饲料，能够增强配合饲料的吸收效率。
在其中一个实施例中，所述制粒的温度为80-95℃，所述烘干的温度为85-90℃。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明的一种石斑鱼配合饲料及其制备方法，所述石斑鱼配合饲料采用了抗营养因子少的原料，通过设计安排促进脂肪消化吸收、保肝护肠、增殖肠道益生菌等方面，实现了改善石斑鱼肠道健康，提高免疫力，降低饲料系数，提高成活率。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明，下面将参照相关实施例对本发明进行更全面的描述。但是，本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。
定义：
本发明所述的配合饲料：指在动物的不同生长阶段、不同生理要求、不同生产用途的营养需要，以及以饲料营养价值评定的实验和研究为基础，按科学配方把多种不同来源的饲料，依一定比例均匀混合，并按规定的工艺流程生产的饲料。
调制：是饲料生产的一道工序，指对粉状物料作熟化处理。
来源：
本实施例所用试剂、材料、设备如无特殊说明，均为市售来源；实验方法如无特殊说明，均为本领域的常规实验方法。
实施例1
制备石斑鱼配合饲料。
1、制备中草药添加剂。
取杜仲提取物150g、姜黄素200g、绞股蓝250g、黄芪300g、甘草200g，混合、粉碎后，使其能通过800目筛网，即得。
2、制备基础饲料。
取蒸汽鱼粉500公斤、南极磷虾粉70公斤、鸡肉粉68公斤、酵解鱼溶浆40公斤、酵解豆粕130公斤、高筋面粉100公斤、脱酚棉籽蛋白50公斤、溶血卵磷脂1公斤、磷酸二氢钙19.9公斤、多维多矿预混料20公斤，混合均匀，通过超微粉碎机进行粉碎，使其能通过80 目筛网，即得。
3、制备配合饲料。
将上述中草药添加剂加入上述基础饲料中，混合。然后放入调制解调器中，通入95-100℃的水蒸气调制5-7分钟。在80-95℃的温度下进行挤压制粒得到饲料颗粒，然后在85-90℃条件下烘干，将烘干后的饲料颗粒冷却。
将200g丁酸梭菌高速搅拌混合进60公斤精炼鱼油中，再通过真空喷涂机准确喷涂在冷却后的饲料颗粒上，即得。
实施例2
取蒸汽鱼粉500公斤、南极磷虾粉70公斤、鸡肉粉70公斤、豆粕170公斤、高筋面粉100公斤、脱酚棉籽蛋白50公斤、磷酸二氢钙20公斤、多维多矿预混料20公斤，并混合杜仲150g、姜黄素200g、绞股蓝250g、黄芪300g、甘草200g，制成的饲料。
对比例1
采用鲜杂鱼为石斑鱼饲料。
对比例2
取蒸汽鱼粉500公斤、南极磷虾粉70公斤、鸡肉粉70公斤、豆粕170公斤、高筋面粉100公斤、脱酚棉籽蛋白50公斤、磷酸二氢钙20公斤、多维多矿预混料20公斤，制成的饲料。
实验例
石斑鱼喂养验证实验。
2020年6月15日-9月15日在湛江纪家实验场对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼进行实验。实验用池为高位池，鱼的初重为2.8两，养殖密度为5尾/立方水体。实施例1、对比例1-3的饲料的投喂参数和投喂方式为：均为饱食投喂，每天喂一餐，每连续喂5天后停料一天。
实验结果如下表所示。
表1石斑鱼喂养验证实验
| 实验结束时鱼均重(斤) | 饲料系数 | 成活率(％) | |
| 实施例1 | 1.25 | 0.92 | 93％ |
| 实施例2 | 1.17 | 1.05 | 87％ |
| 对比例1 | 1.1 | 5.2 | 75％ |
| 对比例2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 80％ |
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (8)
1.一种石斑鱼配合饲料，其特征在于，包括中草药添加剂和基础饲料，所述中草药添加剂包括以下重量份比的中草药：
2.根据权利要求1所述的石斑鱼配合饲料，其特征在于，所述中草药添加剂包括以下重量份比的中草药：
3.根据权利要求1所述的石斑鱼配合饲料，其特征在于，所述基础饲料包括以下重量份比的基础饲料原料：
溶血卵磷脂 1000份-2000份
酵解豆粕 130000份-250000份。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项所述的石斑鱼配合饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
制备中草药添加剂：将所述中草药混合、粉碎，即得；
制备基础饲料：将所述基础饲料原料混合、粉碎，即得；
制备配合饲料：将所述中草药添加剂和所述基础饲料混合，经过调制、制粒、烘干、喷油，即得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备配合饲料步骤中，所述调制为通入95-100℃的水蒸气调制5-7分钟。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备配合饲料步骤中，所述喷油中喷涂的油含有丁酸梭菌。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述中草药添加剂能通过800目筛网，所述基础饲料能通过80目筛网。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制粒的温度为80-95℃，所述烘干的温度为85-90℃。
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