CN113507995A - 刀片及具备该刀片的切削工具 - Google Patents
刀片及具备该刀片的切削工具 Download PDFInfo
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- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
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- B23B27/1603—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with specially shaped plate-like exchangeable cutting inserts, e.g. chip-breaking groove
- B23B27/1611—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with specially shaped plate-like exchangeable cutting inserts, e.g. chip-breaking groove characterised by having a special shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/148—Composition of the cutting inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
- B23B27/1603—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with specially shaped plate-like exchangeable cutting inserts, e.g. chip-breaking groove
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
- C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C16/36—Carbonitrides
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
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Abstract
本发明的刀片具备基体,该基体具有第一面、与第一面相连的第二面以及位于第一面和第二面的棱线的至少一部分的切削刃。将第一面上的距切削刃2.0mm以内的区域设为面域A。将距面域A为0.5mm为止的区域设为区域A1。将距面域A为1.2mm~2.0mm的区域设为区域A2。区域A1处的空孔的面积比为0.005~0.04面积%,区域A2处的空孔的面积比为0.05~0.2面积%。本发明的切削工具具备:具有刀槽的刀架;以及位于所述刀槽的上述的刀片。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种刀片及具备该刀片的切削工具。
背景技术
已知将硬质合金、金属陶瓷、陶瓷等作为基体来使用的刀片。该刀片固定于刀架而作为切削工具来使用。
切削工具伴随着最近的切削加工的高效率化,刀片被用于切削刃受到大的冲击这样的重断续切削等的机会增加。在这样的苛刻的切削条件下,切削刃受到大的冲击,容易发生卷刃。因此对于刀片,要求提高耐崩损性。
在上述刀片中,作为提高耐崩损性的技术,专利文献1公开了一种技术,该技术在包含前刀面与后刀面相交的切削刃棱线部在内的前刀面部处,在距表面20~100μm的深度的范围内,在通过使用光学显微镜而进行的纵剖面组织观察的测定下,形成了空孔以5~30面积%的比例存在的多孔质带域部分,其他部分的空孔比例为2面积%以下。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2003-48106号公报
发明内容
本发明的刀片具备基体,该基体具有第一面、与所述第一面相连的第二面以及位于所述第一面和所述第二面的棱线的至少一部分的切削刃。将所述第一面上的距所述切削刃2.0mm以内的区域设为面域A。将包含该面域A、且距所述面域A为0.5mm为止的区域设为区域A1。将距所述面域A以及所述第二面为1.2mm~2.0mm的区域设为区域A2。所述区域A1处的空孔的面积比为0.005~0.04面积%,所述区域A2处的空孔的面积比为0.05~0.2面积%。
本发明的切削工具具备:刀架,其具有从第一端至第二端的长度,且具有位于所述第一端侧的刀槽;以及位于所述刀槽的上述的刀片。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明的刀片的一例的概况立体图。
图2是用于说明图1的刀片上的基体的剖面的结构的示意图。
图3是示出本发明的切削工具的一例的俯视图。
具体实施方式
<刀片>
如图1所示那样,本发明的刀片1具备基体9,该基体9具有第一面3(以下,也记载为主面3)、第二面5、以及在第一面3与第二面5相交部分(棱线)的至少一部分上的切削刃7。第一面3是被称为前刀面的面,第二面5是被称为后刀面的面。因此,也可以说,在前刀面3与后刀面5相交部分的至少一部分处具有切削刃7。需要说明的是,虽然在图1中示出了主面3是大致呈四边形状的板状这个例子,但刀片形状不限定于此。
图2示出了本发明的刀片1的切削刃7的附近处的与第一面3垂直的基体9的剖面的放大图。
在本发明的刀片1中,将第一面3上的距切削刃7为2mm以内的区域称为面域A。
在本发明的刀片1中,将包含面域A、且距面域A为0.5mm为止的区域称为区域A1。该区域A1从面域A起位于基体9的内侧。另外,将距面域A以及第二面为1.2mm~2.0mm的区域称为区域A2。该区域A2位于比区域A1靠基体9的内部的位置。在本发明的刀片1中,区域A1处的空孔(未图示)的面积比是0.005~0.04面积%,区域A2处的空孔(未图示)的面积比是0.05~0.2面积%。需要说明的是,面积比可以称为规定的面积上的占有率,也可以称为面积占有率。
通过具有上述那样的结构,本发明的刀片1具有优异的耐崩损性。
在本发明的刀片1中,与区域A1相比,位于基体9的内部的区域A2具有更多的空孔。而且,区域A2的空孔的比例是0.05~0.2面积%,由此基体9作为整体而具有优异的韧性和硬度。
另外,在位于基体9的表面附近的区域A1中,空孔的比例是0.005~0.04面积%,由此与区域A1中具有超过0.04面积%的空孔的情况相比,区域A1具有高硬度。另外,与区域A1的空孔的比例未达到0.005面积%的情况相比,区域A1不易崩损。
本发明的刀片1也可以为,在距基体9的表面超过0.5mm而未达到1.2mm的区域中,具有0.005~0.04面积%的空孔。
另外,也可以为,区域A1的空孔的平均直径比区域A2的空孔的平均直径小。若具有上述那样的结构,则区域A1的强度高,由此耐崩损性优异。
另外,也可以为,区域A1的空孔的平均直径为1.5μm以下。若具有这样的结构,则区域A1的强度特别高,由此耐崩损性优异。
另外,也可以为,区域A2的空孔的平均直径为2μm以下。若具有这样的结构,则基体9作为整体而具有高的韧性和硬度。
另外,本发明的刀片1也可以在区域A1与区域A2之间,即在距面域A超过0.5μm且在面域A与第二区域A2之间具有区域A3。该区域A3具有空孔(未图示),区域A3处的空孔的面积比可以比区域A1的空孔的面积比大,比区域A2的空孔的面积比小。
若具有这样的结构,则刀片1处的空孔的面积比平缓地变化,由此基体9的特性的变化平缓,刀片1具有更优异的耐崩损性。
另外,在本发明的刀片1中,可以将距第二面0.5mm为止的区域的空孔的面积比率设为与区域A1同样的面积比率。若具有这样的结构,则距第二面0.5mm为止的区域的硬度高。
构成本发明的刀片1的基体9的材质,能够列举硬质合金、陶瓷或者金属。作为硬质合金,可以是含有炭化钨(WC)、以及钴(Co)或者镍(Ni)等铁属金属的硬质合金。作为其他的硬质合金,可以是含有炭氮化钛(TiCN)、以及钴(Co)或者镍(Ni)等铁族金属的Ti基金属陶瓷。陶瓷可以是Si3N4、Al2O3、金刚石、立方晶氮化硼(cBN)。作为金属,可以是碳钢、高速钢、合金钢。在上述的材质中,在作为刀片1使用的情况下,基体9由硬质合金或者金属陶瓷构成,这在耐崩损性以及耐磨损性方面优良。
另外,本发明的刀片1还可以在基体9的表面具有涂层(未图示)。若具有这样的涂层,则刀片1的耐磨损性高。需要说明的是,在为具有涂层的刀片时,当然沿着第一面3的涂层与沿着第二面5的涂层相交的部分的至少一部分为切削刃7。
涂层可以是单层,也可以是将多个层层叠的层叠膜。涂层膜可以是所谓的金刚石膜、DLC膜、TiN膜、TiCN膜、Al2O3膜,也可以是这些膜的组合。
接下来,基体9的各区域处的空孔的面积比能够通过对与基体9的表面垂直的剖面进行镜面加工,利用金属显微镜、电子显微镜进行观察而测定出。虽然也需要考虑空孔的大小,但以500倍的倍率进行测定为好。各区域处的测定面积设定为0.03mm2~0.09mm2为好。
在本发明的刀片1中,第一面3是所谓的前刀面时,第二面5是后刀面,位于这些面的交叉部上的是切削刃7。而且,该切削刃7与被切削物接触而用于切削加工,且耐崩损性优异。另外,本发明的刀片1,除切削工具以外,也能够应用于挖掘工具、刀具等工具、耐冲击部件等各种用途,在这些情况下也具有优异的机械可靠性。
接下来,关于本发明的刀片1的制造方法,对一例进行说明。
首先,在通过烧成而能够形成作为基体的硬质合金的炭化物、氮化物、炭氮化物、氧化物等无机物粉末中,适当添加金属粉末、碳粉末等,加以混合,制作出混合粉末。接下来,使用该混合粉末,通过冲压成形、浇铸成形、挤压成形、冷等静压成形等公知的成形方法,成形为规定的工具形状。将该成形体在真空中或者非氧化性气氛中烧成,由此制作上述的基体。
为了制作本发明的刀片处的基体,也可以例如在上述的混合粉末中混合直径0.5μm~20μm左右的球状树脂粉。
对于烧成后成为基体中的区域A2的成形体(以下,也称为第二成形体),通过例如以0.06~0.24体积%的比例含有球状树脂粉的工序、使用0.7~1.4mm左右厚度的含有0.01~0.05体积%的球状树脂粉的混合粉末覆盖该第二成形体的表面的工序、以及将所述成形体与覆盖其表面的混合粉末进行加压而一体化的工序,从而制作出烧成后成为区域A1的成形体(以下,也称为第一成形体)位于第二成形体的表面的复合成形体,能够得到球状树脂粉的存在量根据位置而不同的复合形成体。通过烧成该复合成形体,能够制作出本发明的刀片。
另外,也可以对烧成后成为区域A2的成形体的表面使用烧成后成为区域A3的混合粉末进行覆盖,再使用烧成后成为区域A1的混合粉末进行覆盖。该情况下,可以向烧成后成为区域A3的混合粉末中添加比向烧成后成为区域A2的混合粉末中添加的球状树脂粉少量的球状树脂粉。
若进行这样的组合,则能够制作出区域A2处的空孔的面积比最大,区域A3处的空孔的面积比第二大这样的刀片1。
另外,在上述的例中,虽然使用了含有球状树脂粉的第一成形体,但根据烧成条件而使区域A1的空孔的比例在本发明的范围内即可,第一成形体中也可以不含有球状树脂粉。
如以上说明那样,通过利用了球状树脂粉的制造方法,能够将空孔在所需的位置以所需的面积比配置。
将以上述方式制作出的成形体进行烧成的时候,首先,通过所谓的脱蜡合剂工序对成形体进行加热而除去粘合剂成分后,将温度提高而除去球状树脂粉为好。之后,在例如Ar气氛中在1350℃~1600℃的条件下进行烧成为好。
可以如此制作出的基体的表面上,根据所需来实施研磨加工、切削刃部的珩磨加工。
接下来,可以在该表面上例如通过化学气相沉积法(CVD)法来成膜出涂层。
以下,示出在基体的表面形成涂层的一例。首先,将基体放置于腔室内,成膜出作为基底层的TiN层。将成膜温度设为830℃,气压设为8kPa,将反应气体的组成设定为,四氯化钛(TiCl4)气体为0.1~20体积%,氮气(N2)为20体积%,其余为氢气(H2),从而成膜。
接下来,成膜出TiCN层即第一层。将成膜温度设为830℃,气压设为9kPa,作为反应气体组成,以体积%为单位而设定为,四氯化钛(TiCl4)气体为5.0~20体积%,氮气(N2)为10~90体积%,乙腈(CH3CN)气体为0.3体积%~3.0体积%,其余为氢气(H2),从而成膜。此时,将乙腈(CH3CN)气体的含有比率与成膜初期相比在成膜后期增加,由此能够成为如下结构:使构成第一TiCN层的炭氮化钛柱状结晶的平均结晶宽度在表面侧比基体侧大。第一层的厚度是1μm以上。第一层的厚度也可以设为3~20μm,
接下来,制作TiCN层即第一中间层。将成膜温度设为950℃,气压设为9kPa,将反应气体的组成设定为,四氯化钛(TiCl4)气体为10~20体积%,甲烷(CH4)气体为0.5~10体积%,氮气(N2)为10~70体积%,其余为氢气(H2),从而成膜。该第一中间层的厚度未达到1μm。
接下来,成膜出TiCNO层即第二中间层。首先,将成膜温度设为950℃,气压设为9kPa,反应气体组成设定为,四氯化钛(TiCl4)气体为10~20体积%,甲烷(CH4)气体为0.5~10体积%,氮气(N2)为10~20体积%,一氧化碳(CO)气体为0.1~3.0体积%,其余为氢气(H2),从而成膜。该第二中间层的厚度未达到1μm。另外,第一中间层与第二中间层的厚度之和未达到1μm。
Al2O3层即第二层的成膜如下,成膜温度设为980℃~1100℃,气压设为5kPa~20kPa,反应气体的组成设定为,三氯化铝(AlCl3)气体为5~20体积%,氯化氢(HCl)气体为2~8体积%,二氧化碳(CO2)气体为3~8体积%,硫化氢(H2S)气体为0.001~0.01体积%,氩(Ar)其余为氢气(H2)。第二层的厚度可以设为1~15μm。
而且,成膜出最外层,作为第三层的TiN层。成膜温度设为1010℃,气压设为10kPa,反应气体组成设定为,四氯化钛(TiCl4)气体为0.06~5体积%,氮气(N2)为10~30体积%,其余为氢气(H2),从而成膜。第三层的厚度可以设为0.1~2μm。
需要说明的是,在上述的例中,虽然示出了设置第一中间层、第二中间层以及第三层的示例,但也可以直接在基体的表面将TiCN层即第一层与Al2O3层即第二层进行层叠。
以上,对本发明的刀片1进行了说明,但本发明不限于上述的实施方式,在不脱离本发明的要旨的范围内,可以进行各种改善以及变更。
<切削工具>
接下来,使用附图对本发明的切削工具进行说明。
如图3所示那样,本发明的切削工具101是例如从第一端(图3中的上端)朝向第二端(图3中的下端)延伸的棒状体。如图3所示那样,切削工具101具备:在第一端侧(前端侧)具有刀槽103的刀架105;位于刀槽103的上述的刀片1。切削工具101具备刀片1,因此能够进行长期稳定的切削加工。
刀槽103是供刀片1装配的部分,且具有与刀架105的下表面平行的安装座面、以及相对于安装座面倾斜的限制侧面。另外,刀槽103在刀架105的第一端侧开口。
在刀槽103上位置有刀片1。此时,可以为,刀片1的下表面与刀槽103直接相接,另外,也可以为,刀片1与刀槽103之间夹有垫片(未图示)。
刀片1以第一面3以及第二面5相交的棱线处的作为切削刃7使用的部分的至少一部分从刀架105向外侧突出的方式装配于刀架105。在本实施方式中,刀片1利用固定螺钉107而装配于刀架105。即,将固定螺钉107插入刀片1的贯通孔17,将该固定螺钉107的前端插入形成于刀槽103的螺纹孔(未图示)而使螺纹部彼此螺合,由此刀片1被装配于刀架105。
作为刀架105的材质,能够使用钢、铸铁等。可以在这些构件中使用靱性高的钢。
在本实施方式中,例示了所谓的车削加工所使用的切削工具101。作为车削加工,列举例如内径加工,外径加工以及开槽加工等。需要说明的是,作为切削工具101,不限定用于车削加工。例如,可以在用于铣削加工的切削工具中使用上述的实施方式的刀片1。
实施例
首先,以平均粒径1.2μm的金属钴粉末为6质量%,平均粒径2.0μm的炭化钛粉末为0.5质量%,平均粒径为2.0μm的碳化铌粉末为5质量%,其余为平均粒径1.5μm的碳化钨粉末这样的比例进行添加,加以混合,从而制作出混合粉末。
接着,将表1示出的平均粒径、比例的球状树脂粉向混合粉末中添加,制作烧成后成为区域A2的第二成形体。需要说明的是,在表1中,对于没有记载出球状树脂粉的平均粒径、比例这样的试样,使用不添加球状树脂粉的混合粉末。
然后,制作在第二成形体的表面的整个面上形成有烧成后成为区域A1的第一成形体的复合成形体。
需要说明的是,这些成形体已成形为工具形状(CNMG120408)。
此后,在实施脱脂处理,进而除去球状树脂粉后,在1500℃,0.01Pa的真空中,进行1个小时的烧成而制作出由硬质合金构成的基体。此后,对制作出的基体进行刷光加工,对作为切削刃的部分实施圆角珩磨。
接下来,对于上述的硬质合金的基体,通过化学气相沉积法(CVD)法,从基体侧依次成膜TiN层、TiCN层、TiCNO层、Al2O3层、以及TiN层,从而制作出具有涂层的刀片。
对上述试样,对含有涂层的剖面,进行SEM观察,测定出区域A1、区域A2处的空孔的面积比和空孔的平均直径。测定以500倍的倍率在0.04mm2的面积上进行。
具体地说,对镜面研磨过的基体的剖面,利用金属显微镜以500倍的倍率进行拍摄,使用图像软件Mac-View(日本Mountech株式会社制造版本4)对该图像数据进行图像解析。对于图像而言,针对粒子检测和确定条件,将取得模式设为非球形,检测灵敏度设为20。另外,检测精度设为标准(0.7)。在粒子的操作条件中,将扫描密度设为标准,扫描次数设为1次。所得到的空孔的面积比被记载在表1中。
对于在上述的条件下制作出的刀片,在下述的条件下进行断续切削试验,对耐崩损性进行评价。试验结果在表1中示出。
<断续切削条件>
被切削件:SCM440圆棒开槽4条(Φ200mm×450mm)
工具形状:CNMG120412
切削速度:200m/分钟
进给速度:0.3mm/rev
切入深度:1.5mm
其他:使用水溶性切削液
评价项目:直至发生崩损的冲击次数
[表1]
如表1所示,本发明的刀片即试样No.3~7,9~13,15~19,耐崩损性优异。
附图标记说明
1 刀片
3 第一面,主面,前刀面
5 第二面,后刀面
7 切削刃
9 基体
A1 区域A1
A2 区域A2
A3 区域A3
101 切削工具
103 刀槽
105 刀架
107 固定螺钉。
Claims (6)
1.一种刀片,其具备基体,该基体具有:第一面;第二面,其与所述第一面相连;以及切削刃,其位于所述第一面和所述第二面的棱线的至少一部分,其中,
在将所述第一面上的距所述切削刃2.0mm以内的区域设为面域A、将包含该面域A且距所述面域A为0.5mm为止的区域设为区域A1、将距所述面域A以及所述第二面为1.2mm~2.0mm的区域设为区域A2时,
所述区域A1处的空孔的面积比为0.005~0.04面积%,所述区域A2处的空孔的面积比为0.05~0.2面积%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的刀片,其中,
所述区域A1的空孔的平均直径比所述区域A2的空孔的平均直径小。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的刀片,其中,
所述区域A1的空孔的平均直径为1.5μm以下。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的刀片,其中,
所述区域A2的空孔的平均直径为2μm以下。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的刀片,其中,
该刀片具有覆盖所述基体的至少一部分的涂层膜。
6.一种切削工具,其中,
该切削工具具备:
刀架,其具有从第一端至第二端的长度,且具有位于所述第一端侧的刀槽;以及
权利要求1至5中任一项所述的刀片,其位于所述刀槽内。
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- 2020-02-25 WO PCT/JP2020/007410 patent/WO2020175459A1/ja active Application Filing
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US12048966B2 (en) | 2024-07-30 |
JP7177909B2 (ja) | 2022-11-24 |
CN113507995B (zh) | 2023-12-19 |
US20220134445A1 (en) | 2022-05-05 |
JPWO2020175459A1 (zh) | 2020-09-03 |
WO2020175459A1 (ja) | 2020-09-03 |
KR102575871B1 (ko) | 2023-09-07 |
KR20210111861A (ko) | 2021-09-13 |
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