CN113494065A - Soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam - Google Patents
Soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam Download PDFInfo
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- CN113494065A CN113494065A CN202110850298.5A CN202110850298A CN113494065A CN 113494065 A CN113494065 A CN 113494065A CN 202110850298 A CN202110850298 A CN 202110850298A CN 113494065 A CN113494065 A CN 113494065A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/16—Sealings or joints
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
Abstract
The invention discloses a soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam, the typical section of which is trapezoid or triangle, the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam comprises: a bottom concrete cushion; the upstream side concrete impermeable layer is arranged on the bottom concrete cushion layer; the soft rock fill concrete dam body is arranged on the bottom concrete cushion layer, and the upstream side of the soft rock fill concrete dam body is connected with the downstream side of the upstream side concrete impermeable layer; the upstream side of the internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body is connected with the downstream side of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body; and the downstream side soft rock rockfill concrete protective layer is connected with the downstream side of the internal soft rock cemented rockfill dam body. According to the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam, the bottom concrete cushion layer is arranged, so that leveling is facilitated, the binding force is improved, and settlement is prevented. The soft rock can be protected by the downstream soft rock-fill concrete protective layer, the soft rock is prevented from contacting the outside, the soft rock can be prevented from being loosened under natural conditions, and the use reliability of the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam.
Background
In the related art, dams in hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering are mainly divided into two categories, namely rigid material dams and bulk and granular material dams, and the rigid material dams generally comprise: normal concrete dams, roller compacted concrete dams, rockfill concrete dams, masonry dams, and the like, and the bulk material dams generally include: earth dams, earth and rockfill dams, and the like.
However, the dam body in the related art has the disadvantages of poor foundation adaptability, low construction efficiency and low environmental protection efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam which is high in foundation adaptability, high in construction speed and outstanding in environment-friendly benefit.
According to the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam provided by the embodiment of the invention, the typical section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam is trapezoidal or triangular, and the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam comprises: a bottom concrete cushion; the upstream side concrete impermeable layer is arranged on the bottom concrete cushion layer; the soft rock fill concrete dam body is arranged on the bottom concrete cushion layer, and the upstream side of the soft rock fill concrete dam body is connected with the downstream side of the upstream side concrete impermeable layer; an internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body, an upstream side of the internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body being connected to a downstream side of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body; the downstream side soft rock pile concrete protection layer is connected with the downstream side of the internal soft rock cemented rock pile dam body; the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam comprises at least one dam section, and when the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam comprises a plurality of dam sections, a water stopping facility is arranged between every two adjacent dam sections; the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam comprises a plurality of pouring layers, the height of the rockfill of each pouring layer is not less than 0.5m, and self-compacting concrete or self-compacting grouting material is poured from the surface layer of the rockfill to fill the gaps of the rockfill compactly.
According to the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam provided by the embodiment of the invention, the bottom concrete cushion layer is arranged, so that leveling is facilitated, the binding force is improved, and settlement is prevented. One side of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body is connected with the upstream side concrete impervious layer, the other side of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body is connected with the internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body, soft rock can be protected through the downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer, and the soft rock is prevented from contacting with the outside, so that the soft rock can be prevented from collapsing under natural conditions, and the use reliability of the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam is ensured. Moreover, various mining materials can be comprehensively used by reasonably designing different partitions of the dam body, so that the dam can be built without waste slag, and the environmental protection benefit is remarkable. The soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam foundation has strong adaptability, can be built on a soft foundation, can resist flood overtopping, has excellent safety, and is simple in construction process, high in construction speed and good in engineering economy.
In addition, the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam according to the above embodiment of the present invention has the following additional technical features:
according to some embodiments of the invention, the upstream face of the typical cross-section is configured as a vertical face; alternatively, the upstream face of the typical section is configured to be inclined downstream at a slope ratio of 1:0 to 1: 0.2; or the upstream surface of the typical section is configured to include a vertical surface and an inclined surface, the bottom of the inclined surface is connected with the bottom concrete pad, and the top of the inclined surface is connected with the vertical surface; the downstream face of the typical cross section is configured to be inclined upstream with a slope ratio of 1:0.6 to 1: 1.5.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the interface of the soft rock-fill concrete dam and the internal soft rock-cemented rock-fill dam is configured as a vertical face; or the joint surface of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body and the internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body is inclined towards the upstream side, and the slope ratio is 1: 0-1: 0.8.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the thickness of the bottom concrete cushion is 0.5-2.0 m, the internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body is spaced apart from the bottom concrete cushion by a soft rock-fill concrete dam body of a predetermined thickness in the height direction of the soft rock rigid environmental-friendly dam, and the minimum value of the predetermined thickness is 2 m; or the minimum value of the preset thickness is 0.05 times of the height of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam; the sum of the thickness of the bottom concrete cushion layer and the thickness of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body is not less than 4 m.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the thickness of the upstream side concrete impermeable layer is 0.3-1.5 m, and the upstream side concrete impermeable layer is poured with self-compacting concrete at the same time as the soft rock-fill concrete dam body; or the upstream side concrete impermeable layer is poured by using normal concrete; the strength grade of the self-compacting concrete and the normal concrete is not lower than C15, and the impermeability grade is not lower than W6.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the thickness of the downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer is not less than 1.0 m.
Further, the outside of the soft rock-fill concrete protective layer of downstream side still is provided with self-compaction concrete layer, self-compaction concrete layer's thickness is 0 ~ 0.5 m.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the soft rock-fill concrete dam body and the rock-fill material in the downstream soft rock-fill concrete protective layer have a soft rock uniaxial compressive strength of not less than 20MPa, a particle size of not less than 200mm, and a strength grade of self-compacting concrete of not less than C15, the self-compacting concrete being cemented by casting according to the process of rock-fill concrete; or the soft rock-fill concrete dam body and the rock-fill material in the downstream soft rock-fill concrete protective layer use harder rock; or the soft rock-fill concrete dam body and the rock-fill material in the downstream soft rock-fill concrete protective layer use hard rock; or the soft rock-fill concrete dam body and the rock-fill material in the downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer use any proportion of soft rock, harder rock and hard rock.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the small-particle size rockfill in the internal soft rock bonded rockfill dam body is soft rock block stone with uniaxial compressive strength not lower than 10MPa and particle size not smaller than 50mm, the rest soft rock block stone is crushed to prepare aggregate, and stone powder, cement and admixture are prepared into self-compacting grouting material, and pouring bonding is carried out according to the technology of rockfill concrete; or the rock of the small-particle-size rockfill in the internal soft rock cemented rockfill dam body is harder rock; or the rocks of the small-particle-size rockfill in the internal soft rock cemented rockfill dam body are hard rocks; or the rock of the small-particle-size rockfill in the internal soft rock cemented rockfill dam body is a combination of soft rock, harder rock and hard rock in any proportion.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the width of the dam section is not less than 15 m; the self-compacting grouting material comprises cement, an admixture, aggregate, water and an additive; the admixture is an active or inert admixture used for concrete; the aggregate is processed by soft rock, or is conventional concrete aggregate, or is a mixture of the soft rock and the conventional concrete aggregate in any proportion; the maximum particle size of the aggregate is not more than 1/10 of the minimum particle size of the rockfill material; the absolute volume of the cement is 2-20%; the absolute volume of the admixture is 0-40%; the absolute volume of the aggregate is 0-60%; the volume of the water is 0.6-1.5 times of the sum of the volumes of the cement and the admixture; the solid content of the additive accounts for 0.03-0.25 percent of the mass sum of the cement and the admixture; the mortar expansion value in the self-compacting grouting material is not less than 250mm or the concrete expansion value is not less than 700mm, and the strength grade of the self-compacting grouting material is not less than C5.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a soft rock rigid environmental protection dam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a soft rock rigid environmental protection dam according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a soft rock rigid environmental protection dam according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam comprises a soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100, a bottom concrete cushion layer 1, an upstream side concrete impermeable layer 2, a soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3, an internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body 4 and a downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
A soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, a typical cross-section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 is a trapezoid or a triangle, and the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 includes: the soft rock-fill dam comprises a bottom concrete cushion layer 1, an upstream side concrete impermeable layer 2, a soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3, an internal soft rock-fill dam body 4 and a downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, an upstream-side concrete impermeable layer 2 is provided on a bottom concrete pad 1; the soft rock fill concrete dam body 3 is arranged on the bottom concrete cushion layer 1, and the upstream side of the soft rock fill concrete dam body 3 is connected with the downstream side of the upstream side concrete impermeable layer 2; the upstream side of the internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body 4 is connected with the downstream side of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3; the downstream side soft rock pile concrete protection layer 5 is connected with the downstream side of the inner soft rock cemented rock pile dam body 4.
According to the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the bottom concrete cushion layer 1 is arranged, so that leveling is facilitated, the binding force is improved, and settlement is prevented. One side of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3 is connected with the upstream side concrete impervious layer 2, the other side of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3 is connected with the internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body 4, soft rock can be protected through the downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5, contact between the soft rock and the outside is avoided, accordingly, the soft rock can be prevented from collapsing under natural conditions, and the use reliability of the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam 100 is guaranteed.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 includes at least one dam section, and when the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 includes a plurality of dam sections, a water stopping facility is disposed between two adjacent dam sections, which is beneficial to ensure the use reliability of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100.
The soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 comprises a plurality of pouring layers, the height of rockfill of each pouring layer is not lower than 0.5m, and self-compacting concrete or self-compacting grouting material is poured from the surface layer of the rockfill to fill the gaps of the rockfill compactly. From this, can reduce the construction degree of difficulty, improve the efficiency of construction through the rockfill height that sets up every layer of pouring.
According to the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention, various mined materials can be comprehensively used by reasonably designing different partitions of the dam body, the dam construction without waste slag can be realized, and the environment-friendly benefit is outstanding. The soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam foundation has strong adaptability, can be built on a soft foundation, can resist flood overtopping, has excellent safety, and is simple in construction process, high in construction speed and good in engineering economy.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the upstream face of the typical cross-section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 may be configured as a vertical face.
Referring to fig. 2, according to some alternative embodiments of the present invention, the upstream face of the typical section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 may also be configured to be inclined downstream, and when the upstream face of the typical section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 is configured to be inclined downstream, the slope ratio is 1:0 to 1: 0.2. Here, the "slope ratio" referred to in the present application refers to a ratio of a vertical height to a horizontal height.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, according to some alternative embodiments of the present invention, the upstream face of the typical section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 may be further configured to include a vertical face and an inclined face, the bottom of the inclined face may be connected to the bottom concrete pad 1, and the top of the inclined face is connected to the vertical face.
For example, the slope surface is from the building base surface, the slope folding point can be set at any height of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100, and the vertical surface is above the slope folding point.
With reference to fig. 1 to 3, the downstream surface of a typical section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 may be configured to be inclined upstream at a slope ratio of 1:0.6 to 1: 1.5.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the interface of the soft rock fill concrete dam 3 with the internal soft rock cemented rock fill dam 4 may be configured as a vertical face.
Referring to fig. 1-3, according to some alternative embodiments of the present invention, the interface of the soft rock-fill concrete dam 3 with the internal soft rock-cemented rock-fill dam 4 may also be configured to slope to the upstream side with a slope ratio of 1:0 to 1: 0.8.
Referring to fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, a bottom concrete pad 1 has a thickness of 0.5 to 2.0 m.
In the height direction of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam, for example, the up-down direction shown in fig. 1, the inner soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body 4 is spaced apart from the bottom concrete cushion layer 1 by a soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3 of a predetermined thickness, the minimum value of which is 2 m; alternatively, the predetermined thickness may be a minimum value of 0.05 times the height of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100.
The sum of the thickness of the bottom concrete cushion layer 1 and the thickness of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3 is not less than 4 m.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the upstream side concrete barrier layer 1 has a thickness of 0.3 to 1.5 m.
In some alternative embodiments of the present invention, the upstream side concrete barrier layer 2 may be cast simultaneously with the soft rock fill concrete dam 3 using self-compacting concrete. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the upstream side concrete impermeable layer 2 may also be cast using normal concrete. The strength grade of the self-compacting concrete and the normal concrete is not lower than C15, and the impermeability grade is not lower than W6. This is advantageous for ensuring the operational reliability of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100.
Referring to fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the downstream side soft rock-rock concrete protective layer 5 is not less than 1.0 m. Therefore, the soft rock can be protected by the downstream soft rock-filled concrete protective layer 5, and the soft rock is prevented from contacting with the outside, so that the soft rock can be prevented from being loosened under natural conditions, and the use reliability of the soft rock rigid environmental-friendly dam 100 is ensured.
Further, the outside of the soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5 of downstream side still is provided with self-compaction concrete layer (not shown in the figure), self-compaction concrete layer's thickness is 0 ~ 0.5 m. Therefore, soft rock can be better protected by the self-compacting concrete layer and the downstream side soft rock pile concrete protective layer 5, and the contact between the soft rock and the outside is avoided, so that the soft rock can be prevented from being loosened under natural conditions, and the use reliability of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 can be further ensured.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the soft rock rockfill concrete dam body 3 and the rockfill material in the downstream side soft rock rockfill concrete protection layer 5 have a soft rock uniaxial compressive strength of not less than 20MPa, a grain size of not less than 200mm, and a strength grade of self-compacting concrete of not less than C15, and the self-compacting concrete is cemented by the process of the rockfill concrete.
In some alternative embodiments of the invention, harder rock is used for the rockfill material in the soft rock-fill concrete dam 3 and the downstream soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5; or, the rockfill in the soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3 and the downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5 uses hard rock; alternatively, the rockfill material in the soft rock-fill concrete dam 3 and the downstream-side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5 uses a combination of soft rock, harder rock, and hard rock in any proportion.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the small-particle-size rockfill material in the internal soft rock bonded rockfill dam body 4 is soft rock block stone with uniaxial compressive strength not lower than 10MPa and particle size not smaller than 50mm, the rest soft rock block stone is crushed to prepare aggregate, and the stone powder, cement and admixture are prepared into self-compacting grouting material, and the pouring and bonding are performed according to the technology of rockfill concrete.
In some alternative embodiments of the invention, the rock of the small particle size rockfill in the internal soft rock cemented rock fill dam 4 is harder rock; or the rock of the small-particle-size rockfill in the internal soft rock cemented rockfill dam body 4 is hard rock; alternatively, the rock of the small particle size rockfill material in the internal soft rock cemented rockfill dam 4 is a combination of soft rock, harder rock and hard rock in any proportion.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the width of the dam section is not less than 15 m; the self-compacting grouting material comprises cement, admixture, aggregate, water and additive; the admixture is an active or inert admixture used for concrete, for example, the admixture can be fly ash, mineral powder, stone powder and the like; the aggregate is processed by soft rock, or is conventional concrete aggregate, or is a mixture of the soft rock and the conventional concrete aggregate in any proportion; the maximum particle size of the aggregate is not more than 1/10 of the minimum particle size of the rockfill material; the absolute volume of the cement is 2-20 percent; the absolute volume of the admixture is 0 to 40 percent; the absolute volume of the aggregate is 0-60%; the volume of the water is 0.6-1.5 times of the sum of the volumes of the cement and the admixture; the solid content of the admixture accounts for 0.03 to 0.25 percent of the mass sum of the cement and the admixture; the mortar expansion value in the self-compacting grouting material is not less than 250mm or the concrete expansion value is not less than 700mm, and the strength grade of the self-compacting grouting material is not less than C5.
According to the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 of the embodiment of the present invention, a typical cross section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 is a trapezoid or a triangle, and the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 includes: the soft rock-filled rock-fill dam comprises a lower concrete cushion layer 1, an upstream side concrete impermeable layer 2, a soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3, an internal soft rock-fill dam body 4 and a downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5. The concrete material in the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam 100 is normal concrete or self-compacting concrete, the soft rock-fill concrete is rock-fill concrete using soft rock as rock-fill material, the soft rock cemented rock-fill is a material formed by cementing small-particle-size soft rock particles which cannot be used for the soft rock-fill concrete by using a cement-based material, various mining materials can be comprehensively used in different zones of the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam 100 through reasonable design, the construction of the dam without waste slag can be realized, and the environmental protection benefit is outstanding.
The soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention has strong foundation adaptability, can be built on a soft foundation, can resist flood overtopping, has excellent safety, and is simple in construction process, high in construction speed and good in engineering economy.
Several embodiments of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, according to the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 of the embodiment of the present invention, a typical cross-section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 is a trapezoid or a triangle, and the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 includes: the soft rock-fill dam comprises a bottom concrete cushion layer 1, an upstream side concrete impermeable layer 2, a soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3, an internal soft rock-fill dam body 4 and a downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, an upstream-side concrete impermeable layer 2 is provided on a bottom concrete pad 1; the soft rock fill concrete dam body 3 is arranged on the bottom concrete cushion layer 1, and the upstream side of the soft rock fill concrete dam body 3 is connected with the downstream side of the upstream side concrete impermeable layer 2; the upstream side of the internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body 4 is connected with the downstream side of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3; the downstream side soft rock pile concrete protection layer 5 is connected with the downstream side of the inner soft rock cemented rock pile dam body 4.
According to the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the bottom concrete cushion layer 1 is arranged, so that leveling is facilitated, the binding force is improved, and settlement is prevented. One side of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3 is connected with the upstream side concrete impervious layer 2, the other side of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3 is connected with the internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body 4, soft rock can be protected through the downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5, contact between the soft rock and the outside is avoided, accordingly, the soft rock can be prevented from collapsing under natural conditions, and the use reliability of the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam 100 is guaranteed.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 includes at least one dam section, and when the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 includes a plurality of dam sections, a water stopping facility is disposed between two adjacent dam sections, which is beneficial to ensure the use reliability of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100.
The soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 comprises a plurality of pouring layers, the height of rockfill of each pouring layer is not lower than 0.5m, and self-compacting concrete or self-compacting grouting material is poured from the surface layer of the rockfill to fill the gaps of the rockfill compactly. From this, can reduce the construction degree of difficulty, improve the efficiency of construction through the rockfill height that sets up every layer of pouring.
According to the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention, various mined materials can be comprehensively used by reasonably designing different partitions of the dam body, the dam construction without waste slag can be realized, and the environment-friendly benefit is outstanding. The soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam foundation has strong adaptability, can be built on a soft foundation, can resist flood overtopping, has excellent safety, and is simple in construction process, high in construction speed and good in engineering economy.
Referring to fig. 2, according to some alternative embodiments of the present invention, the upstream face of the typical section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 may also be configured to be inclined downstream, and when the upstream face of the typical section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 is configured to be inclined downstream, the slope ratio is 1:0 to 1: 0.2. Here, the "slope ratio" referred to in the present application refers to a ratio of a vertical height to a horizontal height.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, according to some alternative embodiments of the present invention, the upstream face of the typical section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 may be further configured to include a vertical face and an inclined face, the bottom of the inclined face may be connected to the bottom concrete pad 1, and the top of the inclined face is connected to the vertical face.
For example, the slope surface is from the building base surface, the slope folding point can be set at any height of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100, and the vertical surface is above the slope folding point.
With reference to fig. 1 to 3, the downstream surface of a typical section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 may be configured to be inclined upstream at a slope ratio of 1:0.6 to 1: 1.5.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the interface of the soft rock fill concrete dam 3 with the internal soft rock cemented rock fill dam 4 may be configured as a vertical face.
Referring to fig. 1-3, according to some alternative embodiments of the present invention, the interface of the soft rock-fill concrete dam 3 with the internal soft rock-cemented rock-fill dam 4 may also be configured to slope to the upstream side with a slope ratio of 1:0 to 1: 0.8.
Referring to fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, a bottom concrete pad 1 has a thickness of 0.5 to 2.0 m.
In the height direction of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam, for example, the up-down direction shown in fig. 1, the inner soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body 4 is spaced apart from the bottom concrete cushion layer 1 by a soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3 of a predetermined thickness, the minimum value of which is 2 m; alternatively, the predetermined thickness may be a minimum value of 0.05 times the height of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100.
The sum of the thickness of the bottom concrete cushion layer 1 and the thickness of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3 is not less than 4 m.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the upstream side concrete barrier layer 1 has a thickness of 0.3 to 1.5 m.
In some alternative embodiments of the present invention, the upstream side concrete barrier layer 2 may be cast simultaneously with the soft rock fill concrete dam 3 using self-compacting concrete. According to some embodiments of the present invention, the upstream side concrete impermeable layer 2 may also be cast using normal concrete. The strength grade of the self-compacting concrete and the normal concrete is not lower than C15, and the impermeability grade is not lower than W6. This is advantageous for ensuring the operational reliability of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100.
Referring to fig. 1, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the downstream side soft rock-rock concrete protective layer 5 is not less than 1.0 m. Therefore, the soft rock can be protected by the downstream soft rock-filled concrete protective layer 5, and the soft rock is prevented from contacting with the outside, so that the soft rock can be prevented from being loosened under natural conditions, and the use reliability of the soft rock rigid environmental-friendly dam 100 is ensured.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the soft rock rockfill concrete dam body 3 and the rockfill material in the downstream side soft rock rockfill concrete protection layer 5 have a soft rock uniaxial compressive strength of not less than 20MPa, a grain size of not less than 200mm, and a strength grade of self-compacting concrete of not less than C15, and the self-compacting concrete is cemented by the process of the rockfill concrete.
In some alternative embodiments of the invention, harder rock is used for the rockfill material in the soft rock-fill concrete dam 3 and the downstream soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5; or, the rockfill in the soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3 and the downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5 uses hard rock; alternatively, the rockfill material in the soft rock-fill concrete dam 3 and the downstream-side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5 uses a combination of soft rock, harder rock, and hard rock in any proportion.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the small-particle-size rockfill material in the internal soft rock bonded rockfill dam body 4 is soft rock block stone with uniaxial compressive strength not lower than 10MPa and particle size not smaller than 50mm, the rest soft rock block stone is crushed to prepare aggregate, and the stone powder, cement and admixture are prepared into self-compacting grouting material, and the pouring and bonding are performed according to the technology of rockfill concrete.
In some alternative embodiments of the invention, the rock of the small particle size rockfill in the internal soft rock cemented rock fill dam 4 is harder rock; or the rock of the small-particle-size rockfill in the internal soft rock cemented rockfill dam body 4 is hard rock; alternatively, the rock of the small particle size rockfill material in the internal soft rock cemented rockfill dam 4 is a combination of soft rock, harder rock and hard rock in any proportion.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the width of the dam section is not less than 15 m; the self-compacting grouting material comprises cement, admixture, aggregate, water and additive; the admixture is an active or inert admixture used for concrete, for example, the admixture can be fly ash, mineral powder, stone powder and the like; the aggregate is processed by soft rock, or is conventional concrete aggregate, or is a mixture of the soft rock and the conventional concrete aggregate in any proportion; the maximum particle size of the aggregate is not more than 1/10 of the minimum particle size of the rockfill material; the absolute volume of the cement is 2-20 percent; the absolute volume of the admixture is 0 to 40 percent; the absolute volume of the aggregate is 0-60%; the volume of the water is 0.6-1.5 times of the sum of the volumes of the cement and the admixture; the solid content of the admixture accounts for 0.03 to 0.25 percent of the mass sum of the cement and the admixture; the mortar expansion value in the self-compacting grouting material is not less than 250mm or the concrete expansion value is not less than 700mm, and the strength grade of the self-compacting grouting material is not less than C5.
According to the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 of the embodiment of the present invention, a typical cross section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 is a trapezoid or a triangle, and the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 includes: the soft rock-filled rock-fill dam comprises a lower concrete cushion layer 1, an upstream side concrete impermeable layer 2, a soft rock-fill concrete dam body 3, an internal soft rock-fill dam body 4 and a downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5. The concrete material in the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam 100 is normal concrete or self-compacting concrete, the soft rock-fill concrete is rock-fill concrete using soft rock as rock-fill material, the soft rock cemented rock-fill is a material formed by cementing small-particle-size soft rock particles which cannot be used for the soft rock-fill concrete by using a cement-based material, various mining materials can be comprehensively used in different zones of the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam 100 through reasonable design, the construction of the dam without waste slag can be realized, and the environmental protection benefit is outstanding.
The soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam 100 provided by the embodiment of the invention has strong foundation adaptability, can be built on a soft foundation, can resist flood overtopping, has excellent safety, and is simple in construction process, high in construction speed and good in engineering economy.
Example two:
referring to fig. 2, the second embodiment has substantially the same structure as the first embodiment except that in the second embodiment, an upstream surface of a typical section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 may be configured as a vertical surface according to some embodiments of the present invention.
Further, the outside of the soft rock-fill concrete protective layer 5 of downstream side still is provided with self-compaction concrete layer (not shown in the figure), self-compaction concrete layer's thickness is 0 ~ 0.5 m. Therefore, soft rock can be better protected by the self-compacting concrete layer and the downstream side soft rock pile concrete protective layer 5, and the contact between the soft rock and the outside is avoided, so that the soft rock can be prevented from being loosened under natural conditions, and the use reliability of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 can be further ensured.
Other constructions and operations of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The soft rock rigid environmental protection dam is characterized in that the typical section of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam is trapezoidal or triangular, and the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam comprises:
a bottom concrete cushion;
the upstream side concrete impermeable layer is arranged on the bottom concrete cushion layer;
the soft rock fill concrete dam body is arranged on the bottom concrete cushion layer, and the upstream side of the soft rock fill concrete dam body is connected with the downstream side of the upstream side concrete impermeable layer;
an internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body, an upstream side of the internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body being connected to a downstream side of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body; and
a downstream side soft rock pile concrete protective layer connected to a downstream side of the internal soft rock cemented rock pile dam body;
the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam comprises at least one dam section, and when the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam comprises a plurality of dam sections, a water stopping facility is arranged between every two adjacent dam sections;
the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam comprises a plurality of pouring layers, the height of the rockfill of each pouring layer is not less than 0.5m, and self-compacting concrete or self-compacting grouting material is poured from the surface layer of the rockfill to fill the gaps of the rockfill compactly.
2. The soft rock rigid environmental protection dam of claim 1,
the upstream face of the typical cross-section is configured as a vertical face; alternatively, the upstream face of the typical section is configured to be inclined downstream at a slope ratio of 1:0 to 1: 0.2; or the upstream surface of the typical section is configured to include a vertical surface and an inclined surface, the bottom of the inclined surface is connected with the bottom concrete pad, and the top of the inclined surface is connected with the vertical surface;
the downstream face of the typical cross section is configured to be inclined upstream with a slope ratio of 1:0.6 to 1: 1.5.
3. The soft rock rigid environmental protection dam of claim 1,
the joint surface of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body and the internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body is constructed into a vertical surface; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the joint surface of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body and the internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body is inclined towards the upstream side, and the slope ratio is 1: 0-1: 0.8.
4. The soft rock rigid environmental protection dam of claim 1,
the thickness of the bottom concrete cushion is 0.5-2.0 m,
in the height direction of the soft rock rigid environment-friendly dam, the internal soft rock cemented rock-fill dam body is spaced from the bottom concrete cushion layer through a soft rock-fill concrete dam body with a preset thickness, and the minimum value of the preset thickness is 2 m; or the minimum value of the preset thickness is 0.05 times of the height of the soft rock rigid environmental protection dam;
the sum of the thickness of the bottom concrete cushion layer and the thickness of the soft rock-fill concrete dam body is not less than 4 m.
5. The soft rock rigid environmental protection dam of claim 1,
the thickness of the upstream side concrete impermeable layer is 0.3-1.5 m,
the upstream side concrete impervious layer is simultaneously poured with the soft rock-fill concrete dam body by using self-compacting concrete; or the upstream side concrete impermeable layer is poured by using normal concrete;
the strength grade of the self-compacting concrete and the normal concrete is not lower than C15, and the impermeability grade is not lower than W6.
6. The soft rock rigid environmental protection dam of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer is not less than 1.0 m.
7. The soft rock rigid environmental protection dam as recited in claim 6, wherein a self-compacting concrete layer is further arranged on the outer side of the downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protection layer, and the thickness of the self-compacting concrete layer is 0-0.5 m.
8. The soft rock rigid environmental protection dam of claim 1,
the soft rock-fill concrete dam body and the rock-fill material in the downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer have the soft rock uniaxial compressive strength of not less than 20MPa, the particle size of not less than 200mm, and the strength grade of self-compacting concrete of not less than C15, wherein the self-compacting concrete is poured and cemented according to the process of rock-fill concrete; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the soft rock-fill concrete dam body and the rock-fill material in the downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer use harder rock; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the soft rock-fill concrete dam body and the rock-fill material in the downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer use hard rock; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the soft rock-fill concrete dam body and the rock-fill material in the downstream side soft rock-fill concrete protective layer are combined by soft rock, harder rock and hard rock in any proportion.
9. The soft rock rigid environmental protection dam of claim 1,
the small-particle-size rockfill in the internal soft rock cemented rockfill dam body is soft rock blocky stone with the uniaxial compressive strength not lower than 10MPa and the particle size not smaller than 50mm, the rest soft rock stones are crushed to prepare aggregate, stone powder, cement and admixture to prepare self-compacting grouting material, and pouring cementation is carried out according to the technology of rockfill concrete;
or the rock of the small-particle-size rockfill in the internal soft rock cemented rockfill dam body is harder rock; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the rock of the small-particle-size rockfill in the internal soft rock cemented rockfill dam body is hard rock; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the rock of the small-particle-size rockfill material in the internal soft rock cemented rockfill dam body is a combination of soft rock, harder rock and hard rock in any proportion.
10. Soft rock rigid environmental protection dam according to any one of claims 1-9,
the width of the dam section is not less than 15 m;
the self-compacting grouting material comprises cement, an admixture, aggregate, water and an additive;
the admixture is an active or inert admixture used for concrete;
the aggregate is processed by soft rock, or is conventional concrete aggregate, or is a mixture of the soft rock and the conventional concrete aggregate in any proportion;
the maximum particle size of the aggregate is not more than 1/10 of the minimum particle size of the rockfill material;
the absolute volume of the cement is 2-20%;
the absolute volume of the admixture is 0-40%;
the absolute volume of the aggregate is 0-60%;
the volume of the water is 0.6-1.5 times of the sum of the volumes of the cement and the admixture;
the solid content of the additive accounts for 0.03-0.25 percent of the mass sum of the cement and the admixture;
the mortar expansion value in the self-compacting grouting material is not less than 250mm or the concrete expansion value is not less than 700mm, and the strength grade of the self-compacting grouting material is not less than C5.
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| CN114368944A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-19 | 中国水电建设集团十五工程局有限公司 | Concrete of soft rock aggregate for rock-fill dam and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114368944A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-19 | 中国水电建设集团十五工程局有限公司 | Concrete of soft rock aggregate for rock-fill dam and preparation method thereof |
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