CN110847124A - Concrete panel rock-fill dam with multiple anti-seepage structures and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Concrete panel rock-fill dam with multiple anti-seepage structures and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
- E02B7/04—Dams across valleys
- E02B7/06—Earth-fill dams; Rock-fill dams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/06—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against corrosion by soil or water
Abstract
The invention relates to a concrete panel rock-fill dam with a multiple anti-seepage structure and a construction method thereof, wherein the rock-fill dam comprises: the dam comprises a cover weight area, an upper paving area, a fine material cushion area, a concrete panel layer, a padding layer area, a geotextile reverse filter protection layer, a transition material layer area, a main rockfill area, an impervious core wall, a secondary rockfill area, a steel bar support, a water filtering dam toe area, a slope protection block stone area, an L-shaped supporting plate, an impervious curtain, a wave wall, a concrete panel transverse seam, a concrete panel vertical seam, a transverse seam rubber water stop, a vertical seam rubber water stop, an impervious core wall drainage groove, a drainage groove reverse filter layer and a lower slope protection layer, and the construction method comprises the following steps: the rockfill dam and the construction method thereof can thoroughly solve the seepage prevention of the rockfill dam and have wide practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a concrete faced rockfill dam, and more particularly, to a concrete faced rockfill dam having a multiple impervious structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
Since the modern technology for constructing concrete faced rockfill dams (hereinafter referred to as face dams) was started in 1985, the development process of China has gone through nearly 34 years. In the built 220-multiple-deck dams with the height of more than 30m, 74 dams with the height of 100m and 16 dams with the height of 150m are built successively, and a batch of 200 m-level dams with the height of one level (178m), flood home ferry (179.5m), three-plate stream (185.5m), monkey rock (223.5m), water cloth (233m) and the like are built successively, so that the modern technical experiences of scientific research, design, construction, operation management, monitoring and the like are accumulated, although the starting is late, the starting point is high, the development speed is high, and a solid foundation is laid for advancing to a higher and wider direction.
In order to protect the ecological environment, reduce the pollution of primary energy to the atmospheric environment, fully utilize regenerated and clean energy, and vigorously develop the hydropower industry, the hydropower dam is a main hydraulic building which needs to be built. The concrete face rockfill dam makes full use of local materials, is economical and quick, and is particularly suitable for remote mountainous areas, especially western areas of China.
In the prior art, for example, patent application No. 201320837742.0 discloses a concrete face rockfill dam panel structure, which includes a face unit disposed on the slope of the rockfill dam body, a pad zone and a transition zone are sequentially laid between the face unit and the slope of the rockfill dam body from outside to inside, a supporting pier is disposed between the face unit and the rockfill of the rockfill dam body, a rubber support is disposed between the contact surfaces of the face unit and the supporting pier, and a water stopping device is disposed between two adjacent face units. According to the invention, through the mode of force transmission of the rubber support and stress of the supporting pier, the influence of uneven stress deformation of the dam body on the cracking and damage of the panel is effectively reduced; the bottom surface of the concrete panel is adhered with the carbon fiber cloth, so that the strength of the panel is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the permeability of the panel is reduced; the water stopping effect of the water stopping facility is good; the reinforced concrete panel is prefabricated, so that the engineering progress can be effectively accelerated, the water seepage performance of the panel is reduced mainly by arranging the water stopping device and adhering the carbon fiber cloth on the bottom surface of the concrete panel, and the actual water stopping effect is not obvious.
For another example, patent application No. 201510817066.4 discloses a construction method of a foundation concrete panel rock-fill dam, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: a. pouring a base: removing a dam foundation covering layer, excavating the dam foundation to a depth meeting the requirement of bearing capacity, arranging reinforcing steel bars in an excavation region, presetting an anti-seepage curtain 12 below a base anti-seepage region 8, reserving a base grouting gallery 11, quickly pouring base concrete, and simultaneously adopting a temperature control measure to prevent cracks; the size of the deck is determined according to the material characteristics when the base bearing area 7 is poured, and temperature control measures are taken during pouring; b. and (3) base seepage control treatment: the interface of the base seepage-proofing area 8 and the base bearing area 7 is subjected to seepage-proofing treatment, a base seepage-proofing area transverse seam 10 is arranged on the base seepage-proofing area 8, and the position of the base seepage-proofing area transverse seam 10 corresponds to the position of the panel vertical seam 14; c. the base is connected the face and is handled: filling transition materials on the top of the base 1 to form a transition area b6, wherein the filling materials and various indexes of the transition area b6 are the same as those of the transition area a 5; d. filling the concrete faced rockfill dam: and sequentially filling the concrete faced rockfill dam 2, the transition area a5, the cushion area 4 and the face plate 3, and arranging the face plate vertical seams 14 on the face plate 3, wherein the face plate vertical seams correspond to the transverse seams 10 of the base anti-seepage area one by one, so that the construction is completed. The construction method still cannot completely solve the water seepage problem of the concrete panel rock-fill dam.
Disclosure of Invention
The concrete face rockfill dam with multiple anti-seepage structures of the invention comprises: the dam comprises a dam foundation and a dam body arranged on the dam foundation, wherein the dam body comprises a cover weight area, an upstream paving area, a fine material cushion area, a concrete panel layer, a padding layer area, a geotextile reverse filter protection layer, a transition material layer area, a main rockfill area, an impervious core wall, a secondary rockfill area, a steel bar support, a water filtering dam toe area, a slope protection block stone area, an L-shaped support plate, an impervious curtain, a wave wall, a concrete panel transverse seam, a concrete panel vertical seam, a transverse seam rubber water stop, a vertical seam rubber water stop, an impervious core wall drainage groove, a drainage groove reverse filter layer and a downstream slope protection layer; the dam body is arranged on a dam foundation, a main rockfill area is arranged on the dam body, a transition material bed area, a geotextile reverse filter protection layer, a padding layer area and a concrete face plate layer are sequentially arranged in the main rockfill area from inside to outside, and the lower part of the concrete face plate layer covers the fine material padding layer area; the upper-stream paving area and the weight covering area cover the lower part of the concrete panel layer from inside to outside; the L-shaped supporting plate is horizontally embedded between the concrete panel layer and the main rockfill area; a plurality of steel bar supports are vertically arranged at the bottom of the main rockfill area; the impervious core wall is arranged between the main rockfill area and the secondary rockfill area; a slope protection rock block area is piled between the secondary rockfill area and the downstream slope protection layer, and a toe area of the water filtering dam is built at the bottom of the secondary rockfill area and the downstream slope protection layer; pouring an impervious asphalt layer at the top of the dam body, and constructing a wave wall on the impervious asphalt layer; the concrete panel layer surface is concavely provided with a concrete panel transverse joint and a concrete panel vertical joint, and the concrete panel transverse joint and the concrete panel vertical joint are respectively filled with rubber water stop strips.
Furthermore, an L-shaped support plate is horizontally arranged between the concrete panel and the main rockfill area, the plate end faces to the downstream and extends into the main rockfill area, and the other end is a big head and supports the concrete panel towards the upstream.
Furthermore, a copper water stop sheet is arranged between the concrete panel layer and the L-shaped supporting plate.
Furthermore, the anti-seepage curtain is zigzag and firmly fixed on a rock-soil layer or a rock-mixed area below the dam foundation so as to reduce the water from the outside of the dam body from permeating into the dam body.
Furthermore, a drainage channel is arranged at the downstream of the impervious core wall, the upper end of the drainage channel is flush with the main rockfill area and the secondary rockfill area, the lower end of the drainage channel penetrates through the secondary rockfill dam area and is located in the rock mixing area under the dam foundation, and the drainage channel discharges water permeating into the secondary rockfill area out of the dam body.
Furthermore, the outer side of the drainage groove is provided with a drainage groove reversed filter layer.
Furthermore, the toe area of the water filtering dam comprises a rockfill area and a reverse filtering layer arranged on the outer edge of the rockfill area, a drainage ditch is arranged in the rockfill area, and the seepage water permeating into the secondary rockfill area is drained out of the dam body through the drainage ditch.
Furthermore, a VWD type vibration wire displacement meter is arranged in the padding layer area, and the VWD type vibration wire displacement meter consists of a universal coupling, a stainless steel protective pipe, a secondary mechanical negative amplification mechanism, a signal transmission cable, a vibration wire and an excitation electromagnetic coil.
Furthermore, the slope ratio of the slope surface of the dam body is 1:0.2-1:0.5.
The invention relates to a concrete panel rock-fill dam with a multiple anti-seepage structure, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the dam foundation provided by the invention is used for supporting the whole dam body, and the stability of the dam body is ensured.
The invention is arranged in the upstream paving area at the upstream of the dam body, covers the lower part of the concrete panel and the peripheral seams and plays a role in auxiliary seepage prevention.
The invention constructs a heavy covering area on the upstream paving area to prevent the seepage-proof soil material of the upstream paving area from losing and losing stability.
The fine material cushion area provided by the invention has a reverse filtering effect on reservoir sediment in the upper-stream covering area.
The padding layer area provided by the invention provides a flat and compact foundation for the concrete panel layer, and the water pressure borne by the concrete panel layer is uniformly transmitted to the main rockfill area.
The transition material layer area arranged in the invention blocks the material of the padding layer area from being washed into the main rockfill area.
The main rockfill area arranged by the invention can maintain the overall stability and safety of the dam body.
The secondary rockfill area arranged in the invention plays a role in protecting the main rockfill area and the downstream slope protection layer.
The impervious core wall provided by the invention can discharge water seeped into the secondary rockfill area out of the dam body and simultaneously play a supporting role on the dam body.
The L-shaped supporting plate provided by the invention supports the load borne by the concrete panel, further reduces the deformation of the concrete panel layer and reduces the probability of damage.
The steel bar supports arranged in the main rockfill area further strengthen the stability of the interior of the main rockfill area.
The seepage-proofing curtain provided by the invention can block the seepage water of the foundation.
The construction method of the concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple anti-seepage structure comprises the following steps:
step 1, removing the riverbed alluvial layer to a designed elevation, removing slope layers on two sides of the axis of the dam, cleaning a dam abutment and a foundation pit, excavating the foundation pit part of the riverbed by using an excavator, moving out a covering layer of the dam abutment and a soft soil layer of the foundation pit, moving excavated earth and stone to a residue soil field, and screening stones in the earth and stone for later use.
Step 2, arranging reinforcing steel bars in the foundation pit, and pouring concrete to form an upstream paving area; and pouring rich-slurry cemented gravel concrete in the foundation pit to form a dam foundation for supporting the dam body, arranging an impermeable layer structure between the dam foundation and the upstream paving area, and performing impermeable treatment.
And 3, constructing a fine material cushion layer area arranged at the bottom of the cushion layer area on the dam foundation, backfilling the fine material cushion layer area by using C10 concrete, and using fly ash and fine sand with the maximum particle size not more than 40mm in the fine material cushion layer area.
And 4, pouring a main rockfill area on the dam foundation, wherein the main rockfill area is formed by repeatedly pouring and rolling multiple layers of roller compacted concrete, the content of hard rock rockfill materials with the particle size smaller than 5mm adopted in the main rockfill area is below 20%, and the content of hard rock rockfill materials with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm is below 5%.
And 5, after the construction of the main rockfill area is finished, constructing a secondary rockfill area on the right side of the main rockfill area, wherein the content of particles with the particle size of less than 5mm of hard rock rockfill materials adopted in the secondary rockfill area is less than 10%, and the content of particles with the particle size of less than 0.075mm is less than 2.5%.
And 6, constructing an impervious core wall in the middle of the main rockfill area and the secondary rockfill area, wherein the lower end of the impervious core wall penetrates through the dam foundation and is fixedly arranged on the rock mixing area, the upper end of the impervious core wall is abutted against the wave wall base layer, a drainage groove is constructed on the downstream side of the impervious core wall, the upper end of the drainage groove is flush with the main rockfill area and the secondary rockfill area, the bottom of the drainage groove penetrates through the dam foundation and is arranged on the rock mixing area below the dam foundation, a drainage groove reverse filter layer is constructed on the outer side of the drainage groove, and the drainage groove reverse filter layer is coated on the outer side of the.
And 7, stacking a toe area of the water filtering dam and a slope protection block stone area on the downstream side of the dam body, constructing a rock-stacking area of the toe area of the water filtering dam, constructing a reverse filter layer on the edge of the rock-stacking area, stacking a plurality of blocks of stones to form the slope protection block stone area, and constructing a downstream slope protection layer after finishing the construction of the secondary rock-stacking area, the toe area of the water filtering dam and the slope protection block stone area.
And 8, sequentially constructing a transition material layer area, a geotextile reverse filtering protective layer and a padding layer area on the left side of the main rockfill area.
And 9, constructing a concrete surface plate layer after the construction of the transition material layer area, the geotextile reverse filter protection layer and the padding layer area is finished, wherein the concrete surface plate layer covers the padding layer area and is supported on the fine padding layer area.
And step 10, constructing transverse joints and vertical joints of the concrete panel on the concrete panel layer.
And 11, constructing an L-shaped supporting plate, wherein one or more L-shaped supporting plates are arranged in parallel along the surface of the concrete face slab layer according to the height of the dam body, the plate end of each L-shaped supporting plate faces to the downstream and extends into the main rockfill area, and the other end of each L-shaped supporting plate faces to the upstream of the dam body to support the concrete face slab layer.
And step 12, constructing a wave wall base layer at the top of the dam body, and constructing a wave wall on the wave wall base layer.
And step 13, constructing an upstream paving area and a covering area on the outer side of the lower part of the concrete panel layer.
And 14, constructing an impervious curtain at the lower part of the fine material cushion layer area, wherein the impervious curtain penetrates through the dam foundation and is arranged on the rock mixing area below the dam foundation.
Further, a steel bar support is erected inside the main rockfill area in the step 4.
Further, the water drainage tank in the step 6 is communicated with a water storage tank.
Further, the transition material layer zone in the step 8 adopts continuous-grade fine aggregate stones, and the grain size of the fine aggregate stones is 85-100 mm; the geotextile reverse filtration protective layer is a composite geomembrane, the composite geomembrane is formed by compounding an impermeable membrane and geotextile, the impermeable membrane adopts a polyethylene (namely PE) membrane which is subjected to thermal welding, the membrane thickness is 0.5 mm, the geotextile adopts pure and new terylene needle-punched non-woven fabrics, and the weight per square meter is not less than 200 g; the padding layer area adopts continuous-grade fine aggregate stones, and the particle size of the fine aggregate stones is 115-130 mm.
Further, cement pointing treatment is adopted among the stones in the step 7.
Further, the depth of the concrete panel transverse joint and the concrete panel vertical joint is one fifth to one fourth of the thickness of the concrete panel layer, the width of the concrete panel transverse joint and the concrete panel vertical joint is 3-6 mm, and rubber water stops are respectively filled between the concrete panel transverse joints and between the concrete panel vertical joints.
Further, in step 114, the external shape of the impervious curtain is made into a zigzag shape or a concave-convex shape.
The concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple anti-seepage structure has the beneficial effects that:
according to the concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple anti-seepage structures, the L-shaped supporting plate is arranged on the concrete panel layer, so that the concrete panel layer is firmly combined with the main rock-fill area, and the stability of a dam body is obviously enhanced.
2, the concrete-faced rockfill dam with the multiple anti-seepage structure has a reverse filtration effect on reservoir sediment in an upstream paved area by arranging the fine material bedding area.
In addition, the seepage-proofing curtain is in a zigzag shape, so that the seepage-proofing curtain is more firmly combined with the foundation, and the stability of a fine material cushion area is favorably improved.
According to the concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple anti-seepage structures, the transverse seams and the vertical seams are arranged on the concrete panel in the dam body, and the rubber water stop belts are filled between the transverse seams and the vertical seams, so that the deformation of the concrete panel layer caused by expansion with heat and contraction with cold under the hot summer high-temperature environment and the cold environment in the severe cold season is avoided, the anti-seepage capability of the concrete panel layer is improved, and the service life of the concrete panel layer is prolonged.
According to the concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple anti-seepage structure, the gelling agent is filled in the main rock-fill area, so that the bonding strength of the main rock-fill area is improved, and the water seepage resistance and the shock resistance of the main rock-fill area are enhanced.
According to the concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple anti-seepage structure, the multiple rows of steel bar supports are arranged in the main rock-fill area, so that the dam body supporting capacity of the main rock-fill area is enhanced.
According to the concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple seepage-proofing structure, the seepage-proofing core wall is arranged and embedded into a mixed rock stratum or a certain depth of a relatively impervious stratum under the dam foundation, so that seepage water in the foundation can be cut off or reduced, and the seepage-proofing stability of the dam foundation and the safety of a dam body can be ensured.
8, according to the concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple anti-seepage structures, the drainage grooves are formed in the lower portion of the anti-seepage core wall, so that water leaked from the upper portion of the dam body can be drained out of the dam body through the drainage grooves, and the stability of the dam body is further improved.
The concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple anti-seepage structures is characterized in that a geotextile layer is initiatively arranged between a padding layer and a transition material layer at home and abroad, and the geotextile layer is matched with other anti-seepage structures of the concrete panel rock-fill dam, so that fine particles of the padding layer can be further prevented from being gradually brought to a downstream transition material layer region and a main rock-fill region by seepage water to cause the subsidence of the padding layer, and further the collapse of a concrete panel is caused to happen, and the technical problem that the anti-seepage safety of the concrete panel rock-fill dam is not thoroughly solved at home and abroad is thoroughly solved.
10, the concrete face rockfill dam with the multiple anti-seepage structures is practically used in a certain large dam in China, and the new structure that the geotextile anti-filtration protection layer is additionally arranged only in the padding layer area and the transition material layer area is adopted, so that the water permeability of the dam is reduced by 17% through practical detection.
The construction method of the concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple anti-seepage structures optimizes the construction process, the construction process is alternately performed, the construction period is shortened, and the construction method is particularly suitable for the anti-seepage construction of the ultra-high large concrete rock-fill dam with the length of more than 300 meters.
12, the concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple anti-seepage structures and the construction method thereof thoroughly solve the problem of water seepage of the dam and the reservoir at present, and the water seepage rate of the dam and the reservoir can be further reduced by 95 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a concrete faced rockfill dam with multiple impervious structures according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the structure in the direction a of fig. 1.
The reference numbers in the figures are as follows:
1-an upstream paving area, 2-a cover weight area, 3-a padding layer area, 4-a fine padding layer area, 5-a transition material layer area, 6-a main rockfill area, 7-a secondary rockfill area, 8-a downstream slope protection layer, 9-a steel bar support, 10-a water filtering dam toe area, 11-a concrete face plate layer and 12-a geotextile reverse filtering protection layer; 13-slope protection block stone area, 14-L-shaped supporting plate, 15-impermeable curtain, 16-wave wall, 17-impermeable core wall, 18-concrete panel transverse seam, 19-concrete panel vertical seam, 20-transverse seam rubber water stop, 21-vertical seam rubber water stop, 22-drainage groove, 23-drainage groove inverted filter layer, 24-dam body, 25-dam foundation, 26-wave wall foundation layer and 27-water storage tank.
Detailed Description
The concrete faced rockfill dam with multiple impervious structures and the construction method thereof according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1 to 2 of the specification.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the concrete faced rockfill dam having a multiple impervious structure according to the present invention comprises: an upper paving area 1, a cover weight area 2, a padding layer area 3, a fine material cushion area 4, a transition material layer area 5, a main rockfill area 6, a secondary rockfill area 7, a lower slope protection layer 8, a steel bar support 9, a water filtering dam toe area 10, a concrete panel layer 11, a geotextile reverse filtering protection layer 12, a slope protection block stone area 13, an L-shaped support plate 14, an impervious curtain 15, a wave wall 16, an impervious core wall 17, a concrete panel transverse seam 18, a concrete panel vertical seam 19, a transverse seam rubber water stop 20, a vertical seam rubber water stop 21, a drainage groove 22, a drainage groove reverse filtering layer 23, a dam body 24, a dam foundation 25, a wave wall base layer 26 and a reservoir 27, wherein: the dam body 24 is arranged on the dam foundation 25, the dam body 24 is provided with a main rockfill area 6, the main rockfill area 6 is sequentially provided with a transition material layer area 5, a geotextile reverse filtering protection layer 12, a padding layer area 3 and a concrete face slab layer 11 in the upstream direction, the lower part of the concrete face slab layer 11 is supported on a fine material cushion layer area 4, an upstream paving area 1 and a cover weight area 2 cover the outer side of the lower part of the concrete face slab layer 11, the downstream of the main rockfill area 6 is provided with a secondary rockfill area 7, a seepage-proof core wall 17 is arranged between the main rockfill area 6 and the secondary rockfill area 7, a slope protection block stone area 13 is piled between the secondary rockfill area 7 and a downstream slope protection layer 8, a toe area 10 of the drainage dam is built at the bottom of the inner side of the secondary rockfill area 7 and the downstream slope protection layer 8, a wave-proof wall base layer 26 is cast at the top of the dam body 24, a wave-proof wall 16 is built on the wave-proof wall base layer 26, an, the gutter 22 is arranged in the secondary rockfill area 7 outside the wave wall 16.
Furthermore, the plate end of the L-shaped support plate 14 faces downstream and extends into the main rockfill area 6, and the other end is a large head end protruding out of the surface of the concrete panel layer 11.
Further, a plurality of L-shaped support plates 14 are provided between the concrete deck layer 11 and the main rockfill area 6.
Further, a water-stop rubber layer (not shown) is provided between the L-shaped support plate 14 and the surface of the concrete panel layer 11.
Further, the impervious curtain 15 is in a zigzag or concave-convex shape in external shape.
Furthermore, a drainage groove 22 is formed in the impervious core wall 17, a drainage groove inverted filter layer 23 is arranged on the outer side of the drainage groove 22, the upper end of the drainage groove 22 is flush with the main rockfill area 6 and the secondary rockfill area 7, and the lower end of the drainage groove 22 penetrates through the dam foundation 25 and is fixed on the rock mixing area.
Further, the toe region 10 includes a rockfill region 101 and a reverse filter layer 102 covering the rockfill region 101.
Furthermore, a VWD type vibration wire displacement meter is arranged in the padding layer area 3, and the VWD type vibration wire displacement meter is composed of a universal coupling, a stainless steel protective pipe, a two-stage mechanical negative amplification mechanism, a signal transmission cable, a vibration wire and an excitation electromagnetic coil.
Further, the slope ratio of the slope of the dam body 24 is 1:0.2-1:0.5.
The invention relates to a concrete panel rock-fill dam with a multiple anti-seepage structure, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the dam foundation 25 provided by the invention is used for supporting the whole dam body 24, and the stability of the whole dam body 24 is improved.
The edge of the concrete panel layer 11 is jointed with the fine material cushion layer area 13 and the wave wall base layer 26, so that the main seepage-proof structural member of the concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple seepage-proof structure is formed.
The fine material cushion region 4 provided by the invention has a reverse filtering effect on reservoir silt from the upstream paving region 1, and prevents the reservoir silt from flowing to the main rockfill region 6.
The padding layer area 3 is mainly used for providing a flat and compact foundation for the concrete panel layer 11, and water pressure borne by the concrete panel layer 11 is uniformly transmitted to the main rockfill area 6, so that the stability of the main rockfill area 6 is further enhanced.
The geotextile reverse filter protection layer 12 arranged in the padding layer area 3 and the transition layer area 5 plays a vital role in blocking seepage water from the upstream of the dam body 24.
The present invention provides a transition bed zone 5 that blocks the material of the bedding zone 3 from being washed into the primary and secondary rockfill areas 6, 7.
The main rockfill area 6 provided by the invention maintains the overall stability of the dam 24.
The secondary rockfill area 7 arranged in the invention plays a role in protecting the main rockfill area 6 and the downstream slope protection layer 8.
The impervious core wall 17 provided by the invention further plays a role in seepage prevention and supporting for the dam body 24.
The L-shaped support plate 14 provided by the invention enhances the support strength of the concrete panel layer 11, further reduces the deformation of the concrete panel layer 11, and obviously reduces the damage of the concrete panel layer 11.
The impervious curtain 15 provided by the invention can block the seepage silt and seepage water which permeate the dam foundation 25.
The plurality of steel bar supports 9 arranged in the invention support the stones filled in the main rockfill area 6, and further strengthen the stability of the main rockfill area 6.
The drainage channel 22 provided by the invention can discharge the seepage water from the main rockfill area 6 and the secondary rockfill area 7 into the water storage tank 27 outside the dam body 24, and then discharge the seepage water in the water storage tank 27 outside the dam area, thereby obviously reducing the harm of the seepage water to the dam area.
The construction method of the concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple anti-seepage structure comprises the following steps:
step 1, removing the riverbed alluvial layer to a designed elevation, removing slope layers on two sides of the axis of the dam, cleaning a dam abutment and a foundation pit, excavating the foundation pit part of the riverbed by using an excavator, moving out a covering layer of the dam abutment and a soft soil layer of the foundation pit, moving excavated earth and stone to a residue soil field, and screening stones in the earth and stone for later use.
Step 2, arranging reinforcing steel bars in the foundation pit, and pouring concrete to form an upstream paving area; and pouring rich-slurry cemented gravel concrete in the foundation pit to form a dam foundation 25 for supporting the dam body 24, and arranging an impermeable layer structure between the dam foundation 25 and an upstream paving area for impermeable treatment.
And 3, constructing a fine material cushion layer area 4 arranged at the bottom of the padding layer area 3 on the dam foundation 25, backfilling the fine material cushion layer area 4 by using C10 concrete, and using fly ash and fine sand with the maximum particle size not more than 40mm as the fine material cushion layer area 4.
And 4, pouring a main rockfill area 6 on the dam foundation 25, wherein the main rockfill area 6 is formed by repeatedly pouring and rolling multiple layers of rolled concrete, the content of the hard rock rockfill material with the particle size smaller than 5mm adopted in the main rockfill area 6 is less than 20%, and the content of the hard rock rockfill material with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm is less than 5%.
And 5, after the construction of the main rockfill area 6 is finished, constructing a secondary rockfill area 7 on the right side of the main rockfill area 6, wherein the content of particles with the particle size of less than 5mm of hard rock rockfill materials in the secondary rockfill area 7 is less than 20%, and the content of particles with the particle size of less than 0.075mm is less than 5%.
And 6, constructing an impervious core wall 17 in the middle of the main rockfill area 6 and the secondary rockfill area 7, wherein the lower end of the impervious core wall 17 penetrates through a dam foundation 25 and is fixedly arranged on the rock mixing area, the upper end of the impervious core wall 17 is abutted against a wave wall base 26, a drainage groove 22 is constructed on the downstream side of the impervious core wall 17, the upper end of the drainage groove 22 is flush with the main rockfill area 6 and the secondary rockfill area 7, the bottom of the drainage groove 22 penetrates through the dam foundation 25 and is arranged on the rock mixing area below the dam foundation 25, a drainage groove reverse filter layer 23 is constructed on the outer side of the drainage groove 22, and the drainage groove reverse filter layer 23 is coated on the outer side of the drainage groove 22.
And 7, stacking the toe area 10 of the water filtering dam and the slope protection block stone area 13 on the downstream side of the dam body 24, constructing a rock stacking area 101 of the toe area 10 of the water filtering dam, constructing a reverse filter layer 102 on the edge of the rock stacking area 101, stacking a plurality of blocks of stones to form the slope protection block stone area 13, and constructing a downstream slope protection layer 8 after finishing the construction of the secondary rock stacking area 7, the toe area 10 of the water filtering dam and the slope protection block stone area 13.
And 8, constructing a transition material layer area 5, a geotextile reverse filtering protection layer 12 and a padding layer area 3 on the left side of the main rockfill area 6 in sequence.
And 9, after the construction of the transition material layer area 5, the geotextile reverse filtering protection layer 12 and the padding layer area 5 is finished, pouring a concrete panel layer 11, wherein the concrete panel layer 11 covers the outer surface of the padding layer area 3 and is supported on the fine material cushion area 4.
And 11, constructing an L-shaped support plate 14, arranging one or more L-shaped support plates 14 in parallel along the surface of the concrete face slab layer 11 according to the height of the dam body, wherein the plate end of each L-shaped support plate 14 faces to the downstream and extends into the main rockfill area 6, and the other end of each L-shaped support plate faces to the upstream of the dam body 24 to support the concrete face slab layer 11.
And 12, constructing a wave wall base layer 26 at the top of the dam body 24, and constructing the wave wall 16 on the wave wall base layer 26.
And step 13, constructing an upstream paving area 2 and a cover weight area 1 on the outer side of the lower part of the concrete panel layer 11.
And 14, constructing an impervious curtain 15 at the lower part of the fine material cushion layer area 4, wherein the impervious curtain 15 penetrates through the dam foundation 25 and is arranged on the rock mixing area below the dam foundation 25.
Further, the impervious curtain 15 in the step 3 is made into a zigzag or concave-convex shape.
Furthermore, a steel bar support 9 is arranged inside the main rockfill area 6 in the step 4.
Further, in step 6, the drainage tank 22 is communicated with the water storage tank 26.
Further, in the step 8, the transition material layer area 5 adopts continuous-grade fine aggregate stones, and the grain size of the fine aggregate stones is 85-100 mm; the geotextile reverse filtration protective layer 12 is a composite geomembrane, the composite geomembrane is formed by compounding an impermeable membrane and geotextile, the impermeable membrane adopts a polyethylene (namely PE) membrane which is subjected to thermal welding, the membrane thickness is 0.5 mm, the geotextile adopts pure and new terylene needle-punched non-woven fabrics, and the weight per square meter is not less than 200 g; the padding layer area 3 adopts continuous-grade fine aggregate stones, and the particle size of the fine aggregate stones is 115-130 mm.
Further, cement pointing is adopted among the stones in the step 7.
Further, the depth of the concrete panel transverse seam 18 and the depth of the concrete panel vertical seam 19 are one fifth to one fourth of the thickness of the concrete panel layer 11, and the width of the concrete panel transverse seam 18 and the width of the concrete panel vertical seam 19 are 3-6 mm.
Further, the concrete panel transverse seam 18 and the concrete panel vertical seam 19 are respectively filled with a transverse seam rubber water stop 20 and a vertical seam rubber water stop 21.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. A concrete panel rock-fill dam having a multiple impervious construction comprising: the dam comprises a dam foundation and a dam body arranged on the dam foundation, and is characterized in that the dam body comprises an upstream paving region, a cover weight region, a padding layer region, a fine material padding layer region, a transition material layer region, a main rockfill region, a secondary rockfill region, a downstream slope protection layer, a steel bar support, a water filtering dam toe region, a concrete face plate layer and a geotextile reverse filtering protection layer; the water-proof structure comprises a slope protection block stone area, an L-shaped supporting plate, an anti-seepage curtain, a wave-proof wall, an anti-seepage core wall, a concrete panel transverse seam, a concrete panel vertical seam, a mixed transverse seam rubber water stop, a vertical seam rubber water stop, a drainage tank reversed filter layer, a dam body and a dam foundation; the dam body is arranged on a dam foundation, a main rockfill area is arranged on the dam body, a transition material bed area, a geotextile reverse filter protection layer, a padding layer area and a concrete face plate layer are sequentially arranged in the main rockfill area from inside to outside, and the lower part of the concrete face plate layer covers the fine material padding layer area; the upper-stream paving area and the weight covering area cover the lower part of the concrete panel layer from inside to outside; the L-shaped supporting plate is horizontally embedded between the concrete panel layer and the main rockfill area; a plurality of steel bar supports are vertically arranged at the bottom of the main rockfill area; the impervious core wall is arranged between the main rockfill area and the secondary rockfill area; a slope protection rock block area is piled between the secondary rockfill area and the downstream slope protection layer, and a toe area of the water filtering dam is built at the bottom of the secondary rockfill area and the downstream slope protection layer; pouring an impervious asphalt layer at the top of the dam body, and constructing a wave wall on the impervious asphalt layer; the concrete panel layer surface is concavely provided with a concrete panel transverse joint and a concrete panel vertical joint, and the concrete panel transverse joint and the concrete panel vertical joint are respectively filled with rubber water stop strips.
2. The concrete panel rock-fill dam having multiple barrier structures according to claim 1, wherein said L-shaped support plates have plate ends facing downstream and penetrating into the main rock-fill area and other ends with larger ends facing upstream to support the concrete panels.
3. The concrete panel rock-fill dam having a multiple barrier construction according to claim 1, wherein a copper water stop is provided between said concrete panel layer and said L-shaped support plate.
4. The concrete panel rock-fill dam having a multiple impervious structure of claim 1, wherein said impervious curtain is serrated in appearance.
5. The concrete panel rock-fill dam having a multiple impervious structure of claim 1, wherein a drainage channel is provided downstream of said impervious core, the upper end of said drainage channel being flush with said main rockfill area and said sub-rockfill area, and the lower end thereof passing through said sub-rockfill dam area and being located in said rock-mix area below said dam foundation.
6. The concrete panel rock-fill dam having a multiple impermeable structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein a drainage channel inverted filter is provided outside said drainage channel.
7. The concrete faced rockfill dam having a multiple barrier structure according to claim 1, wherein the toe region of the water filtering dam includes a rockfill region and a reverse filter layer provided at an outer edge of the rockfill region, and drainage ditches are provided in the rockfill region.
8. The concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple anti-seepage structure according to claim 1, wherein a VWD type vibration wire displacement meter is arranged in the padding layer area, and the VWD type vibration wire displacement meter consists of a universal coupling, a stainless steel protective pipe, a secondary mechanical negative amplification mechanism, a signal transmission cable, a vibration wire and an excitation electromagnetic coil.
9. The concrete faced rockfill dam with multiple impervious structures according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the transverse joints and the vertical joints of the concrete faced are 1/5-1/4 of the thickness of the concrete faced layer, and the width is 3-8 mm.
10. The construction method of the concrete panel rock-fill dam with the multiple impervious structures according to claim 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1, removing a riverbed alluvial layer to a designed elevation, removing slope layers on two sides of an axis of a dam, cleaning a dam abutment and a foundation pit, excavating a foundation pit part of the riverbed by using an excavator, moving out a covering layer of the dam abutment and a soft soil layer of the foundation pit, moving excavated earth and stone to a residue soil field, and screening stones in the earth and stone for later use;
step 2, arranging reinforcing steel bars in the foundation pit, and pouring concrete to form an upstream paving area; pouring rich-grout cemented gravel concrete in the foundation pit to form a dam foundation for supporting a dam body, and arranging an impermeable layer structure between the dam foundation and an upstream paving area for impermeable treatment;
step 3, constructing a fine material cushion layer area arranged at the bottom of the cushion layer area on the dam foundation, backfilling the fine material cushion layer area by using C10 concrete, and using fly ash and fine sand with the maximum particle size not more than 40mm in the fine material cushion layer area;
step 4, pouring a main rockfill area on the dam foundation, wherein the main rockfill area is formed by repeatedly pouring and rolling multiple layers of roller compacted concrete, the content of hard rock rockfill materials with the particle size smaller than 5mm adopted in the main rockfill area is below 20%, and the content of hard rock rockfill materials with the particle size smaller than 0.075mm is below 5%;
step 5, after the construction of the main rockfill area is finished, constructing a secondary rockfill area on the right side of the main rockfill area, wherein the secondary rockfill area adopts hard rock rockfill materials, the content of particles with the particle size of less than 5mm is less than 10%, and the content of particles with the particle size of less than 0.075mm is less than 2.5%;
step 6, constructing an impervious core wall in the middle of the main rockfill area and the secondary rockfill area, wherein the lower end of the impervious core wall penetrates through a dam foundation and is fixedly arranged on the rock mixing area, the upper end of the impervious core wall is abutted against a wave wall base layer, a drainage groove is constructed on the downstream side of the impervious core wall, the upper end of the drainage groove is flush with the main rockfill area and the secondary rockfill area, the bottom of the drainage groove penetrates through the dam foundation and is arranged on the rock mixing area below the dam foundation, a drainage groove reverse filter layer is constructed on the outer side of the drainage groove, and the drainage groove reverse filter layer is coated on the outer side of the;
step 7, piling a toe area of the water filtering dam and a slope protection block stone area on the downstream side of the dam body, constructing a rock-piling area of the toe area of the water filtering dam, constructing a reverse filter layer on the edge of the rock-piling area, piling a plurality of block stones to form the slope protection block stone area, and constructing a downstream slope protection layer after finishing the construction of the secondary rock-piling area, the toe area of the water filtering dam and the slope protection block stone area;
step 8, sequentially constructing a transition material layer area, a geotextile reverse filtering protection layer and a padding layer area on the left side of the main rockfill area;
step 9, after the construction of the transition material layer area, the geotextile reverse filtering protection layer and the padding layer area is finished, constructing a concrete panel layer, wherein the concrete panel layer covers the padding layer area and is supported on the fine material cushion layer area;
step 10, constructing a concrete panel transverse seam and a concrete panel vertical seam on the concrete panel layer;
step 11, constructing an L-shaped support plate, wherein one or more L-shaped support plates are arranged in parallel along the surface of the concrete face slab layer according to the height of the dam body, the plate end of each L-shaped support plate faces to the downstream and extends into the main rockfill area, and the other end of each L-shaped support plate faces to the upstream of the dam body to support the concrete face slab layer;
step 12, constructing a wave wall base layer at the top of the dam body, and constructing a wave wall on the wave wall base layer;
step 13, constructing an upstream paving area and a covering area on the outer side of the lower part of the concrete panel layer;
and 14, constructing an impervious curtain at the lower part of the fine material cushion layer area, wherein the impervious curtain penetrates through the dam foundation and is arranged on the rock mixing area below the dam foundation.
11. The method for constructing a concrete faced rockfill dam having a multiple impervious structure according to claim 10, wherein a reinforcing bar support is installed inside said main rockfill area in step 4.
12. The method for constructing a concrete faced rockfill dam with multiple impervious structures according to claim 10, wherein said drainage channel of step 6 is connected to a water storage tank.
13. The method for constructing a concrete panel rock-fill dam with a multiple impervious structure according to claim 10, wherein the transition material layer region in step 8 is made of continuous graded fine stones, the grain size of the fine stones is 85-100 mm, the geotextile filter protection layer is a composite geomembrane, the composite geomembrane is formed by compounding an impermeable membrane and a geotextile, the impermeable membrane is a thermally welded Polyethylene (PE) membrane, the thickness of the membrane is 0.5 mm, the geotextile is made of pure and new polyester needle-punched non-woven fabric, the weight of each square meter is not less than 200 g, the padding layer region is made of continuous graded fine stones, and the grain size of the fine stones is 115-130 mm.
14. The method for constructing a concrete faced rockfill dam with multiple impervious structures according to claim 10, wherein the blocks of stones in step 7 are subjected to cement jointing treatment.
15. The method for constructing a concrete panel rock-fill dam having a multiple impervious structure according to claim 10, wherein in step 9, the depth of the concrete panel layer transverse seam and the depth of the concrete panel layer vertical seam are 1/5-1/4 of the thickness of the concrete panel layer, the width of the concrete panel layer transverse seam and the width of the concrete panel layer vertical seam are 3-8 mm, and rubber water stops are respectively filled between the concrete panel layer transverse seams and the concrete panel layer vertical seams.
16. The method for constructing a concrete panel rock-fill dam having a multiple impervious structure as claimed in claim 10, wherein said impervious curtain of step 14 is formed in an outer shape of zigzag or concavo-convex.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112195874A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-01-08 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | High homogeneity dam of dispersion soil |
| CN114687323A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-07-01 | 甘肃第六建设集团股份有限公司 | Seepage-prevention construction method for semi-reservoir seepage-prevention high-fill silty loam homogeneous dam |
| CN114753310A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-15 | 马向永 | A prevention of seepage stagnant water structure for hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering |
| CN115198699A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-18 | 三峡大学 | Water seepage prevention structure for hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering construction and construction method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112195874A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-01-08 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | High homogeneity dam of dispersion soil |
| CN112195874B (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2022-02-08 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | High homogeneity dam of dispersion soil |
| CN114753310A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-15 | 马向永 | A prevention of seepage stagnant water structure for hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering |
| CN114753310B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2024-03-08 | 马向永 | A prevention of seepage stagnant water structure for hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering |
| CN114687323A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-07-01 | 甘肃第六建设集团股份有限公司 | Seepage-prevention construction method for semi-reservoir seepage-prevention high-fill silty loam homogeneous dam |
| CN115198699A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-18 | 三峡大学 | Water seepage prevention structure for hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering construction and construction method thereof |
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