CN113475308A - Method for controlling formation of ineffective primordium of industrially bag-cultured oyster mushrooms - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for controlling the formation of ineffective primordia of industrially bag-cultured oyster mushrooms, and belongs to the technical field of oyster mushroom cultivation. The invention discloses a method for controlling the formation of ineffective primordium of industrially bagged oyster mushroom, which comprises the steps of sterilization, cooling, inoculation, spawn running culture, lantern ring removal and fruiting. The primordium can be formed only in the lantern ring area by strictly controlling the gap between the bag body of the culture bag and the culture material, the gap between the bag shoulder of the fungus bag and the material surface of the culture material and other simple processes, so that the formation of invalid primordium in the bag by the bag-cultivated oyster mushroom is avoided, the labor cost is not increased, and the method is very simple and easy to implement. The invention can reduce the nutrition consumption, ensure the higher commodity quality of the oyster mushroom fruiting body and improve the economic benefit by reducing the formation of ineffective primordia. The method is easy to master and popularize and is suitable for industrial bag cultivation oyster mushroom production.

Description

Method for controlling formation of ineffective primordium of industrially bag-cultured oyster mushrooms

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of oyster mushroom cultivation, in particular to a method for controlling the formation of ineffective primordia of industrially bagged oyster mushrooms.

Background

China is a world large country for producing edible fungi, the yield of the edible fungi accounts for more than 70% of the world total yield, and according to the statistics of the edible fungi association in China, the total yield of the edible fungi in the whole country in 2019 is 3933.87 ten thousand tons (fresh products), and the yield value is 3126.67 hundred million yuan. The oyster mushroom is the third edible mushroom variety in China, the national yield in 2019 is 686.47 ten thousand tons, Henan province is the big province of oyster mushroom production in China, the yield in 2019 is 115.26 ten thousand tons, which is next to Shandong (115.78 ten thousand tons), and in Henan province, which is next to the mushroom yield, and the second place, which accounts for 21.31% of the total edible mushroom yield in the whole province. The oyster mushroom industry is currently in the key period of industrial transformation and high-quality development, the industrialized production of oyster mushrooms is the development direction of the oyster mushroom industry, annual supply and safe production of products can be realized, and the product quality can be traced.

In 2016, industrialized land subsidence of oyster mushroom is realized in Xinzheng city of Zhengzhou city in industrialized bag cultivation production of oyster mushroom in China, the second factory lands in Xinan county of Luoyang city in 2018, and the third factory lands in Shenju county of Zhoukou city in 2020. At present, the pleurotus ostreatus industrialization is mainly bag cultivation. In the production process, due to the difference of the charging amount, the lantern ring, the fruiting mode and the fungus bag carrying process, gaps often appear at the contact parts of the culture bags and the culture materials, and a plurality of oyster mushroom primordia appear at the gaps in the fruiting stage. For example, when the bag is cut or the hole is punched, a plurality of primordia are often formed at the gap due to the existence of the gap, so that the primordia at the bag opening and the position where the hole is punched are few, or after the lantern ring sealing cover is removed, the mushroom is formed at the lantern ring sealing position, and as a result, due to the existence of the gap, a plurality of primordia appear at the contact part of the bag body or the lower part of the lantern ring and the bag, because the existence of the lantern ring, the primordia cannot grow up, and the primordia at the lantern ring sealing position are formed a few, so that the situations that the primordia are few finally, the yield is extremely low, and the commodity character is poor occur.

Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to provide a method for controlling the formation of ineffective primordia of industrially cultivated pleurotus ostreatus.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a method for controlling the formation of ineffective primordia of industrially bag-cultured oyster mushrooms, which reduces the gap between a bag body and a culture material by strictly operating in the processes of bagging, sterilizing, cooling, spawn running, bag moving, lantern ring removing and the like, thereby reducing the formation of ineffective primordia in the fruiting stage, reducing the nutrient consumption, improving the yield and commodity characters, and improving the economic benefit.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for controlling the formation of ineffective primordia of industrially bag-cultured oyster mushrooms comprises the following specific steps:

(1) sterilization

Bagging the culture materials according to an industrial production line to obtain fungus bags; the material is tightly charged, the bag materials are tightly packed, and no gap is left; the lantern ring is sealed tightly without air leakage; sterilizing in a sterilizing pot, and lightly taking and placing in the pot during the sterilizing process;

(2) cooling down

First, precooling process

The sterilized fungus bags are taken out of the sterilization pot at the temperature of 90-95 ℃, and are placed into a hundred-grade purified air cooling chamber for cooling for 3-5 hours, and the temperature inside the fungus bags is finally controlled at 44-46 ℃;

② forced cooling process

Moving into a hundred-grade purified strong cooling chamber, and carrying out forced cooling for 1-2 h, wherein the temperature in the fungus bag is finally controlled at 17-19 ℃;

(3) inoculation and spawn running culture

In a hundred-grade purified inoculation room, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, and after aseptic inoculation is adopted, a lantern ring and a cover body are used for sealing, so that the inoculation is tight and airtight; placing the inoculated fungus bags in a pre-culture room for culturing for 5 days, setting the environmental temperature at 28 ℃, and controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide at 500-900 ppm; moving the pre-cultured fungus bags to a culture room, placing a thermometer in the fungus bags, monitoring the internal temperature of culture materials of the fungus bags, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃ and the carbon dioxide concentration at 500-1000 ppm, culturing for 25-30 days, enabling hyphae to grow over the fungus bags, and carefully taking the fungus bags when transferring the fungus bags from the pre-culture room to the culture room to prevent gaps from appearing between the fungus bag bodies and the culture materials; continuously culturing for 3-5 days after the hyphae grow over the fungus bags;

(4) removing lantern ring and fruiting

After the industrial fungus bags are grown, carefully removing the cover body of the fungus bag lantern ring, and paying attention to the fact that when the cover body is removed, bags at the shoulder and above parts of the fungus bag are not pulled away from the surface of the culture material, so that the bags are tightly combined without gaps, and the primordium is ensured to be formed only at the sealing position of the lantern ring and not to be formed at other parts; the temperature of the fruiting period is 16-18 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 95-98%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 500-900 ppm, and the fruiting bodies are harvested when 8 are mature.

Further, sterilizing the fungus bags in the step (1) for 2-3 h at 121-123 ℃.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method for controlling the formation of the ineffective primordium of the factory bag-cultivated oyster mushrooms is disclosed, the primordium can be formed only in the lantern ring area through the simple processes of strictly controlling the gap between the bag body of the cultivation bag and the cultivation material, the gap between the bag shoulder of the fungus bag and the gap between the bag above the bag body and the material surface of the cultivation material and the like, the formation of the ineffective primordium of the bag-cultivated oyster mushrooms in the bag is avoided, the labor cost is not increased, and the method is simple and easy to implement. The invention can reduce the nutrition consumption, ensure the higher commodity quality of the oyster mushroom fruiting body and improve the economic benefit by reducing the formation of ineffective primordia. The method is easy to master and popularize and is suitable for industrial bag cultivation oyster mushroom production.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a drawing showing that the bag shoulder and the above parts of the fungus bag are tightly and seamlessly combined with the material surface of the culture material, and primordium only appears at the sealing part of a lantern ring;

FIG. 2 is a drawing showing that a gap is formed between the bag body and the surface of the culture material to form a large number of ineffective primordia;

FIG. 3 is a drawing showing that when the cover of the lantern ring is removed, the bag shoulder and the bag above the bag shoulder of the fungus bag are separated from the material surface of the culture material to form a gap, a large amount of primordia are formed in the lower bag of the lantern ring, and the mushroom can not be grown from the sealing part of the lantern ring;

wherein, 1, the fungus bag shoulder; 2, bags at the shoulder and above parts of the fungus bag.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A method for controlling the formation of ineffective primordia of industrially bag-cultured oyster mushrooms comprises the following specific steps:

(1) sterilization

Bagging the culture materials according to an industrial production line to obtain fungus bags; the material is tightly charged, the bag materials are tightly packed, and no gap is left; the lantern ring is sealed tightly without air leakage; sterilizing in a sterilization pot, and lightly taking and placing in the pot filling and sterilizing process to prevent rough loading and unloading; sterilizing the fungus bags for 2-3 h at 121-123 ℃;

(2) cooling down

First, precooling process

The sterilized fungus bags are taken out of the sterilization pot at the temperature of 90-95 ℃, and are placed into a hundred-grade purified air cooling chamber for cooling for 3-5 hours, and the temperature inside the fungus bags is finally controlled at 44-46 ℃;

② forced cooling process

Moving into a hundred-grade purified strong cooling chamber, and carrying out forced cooling for 1-2 h, wherein the temperature in the fungus bag is finally controlled at 17-19 ℃;

(3) inoculation and spawn running culture

In a hundred-grade purified inoculation room, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, sterile inoculation is adopted, and then a lantern ring and a cover body are used for sealing, so that the sealing is tight and airtight; placing the inoculated fungus bags in a pre-culture room for culturing for 5 days, setting the environmental temperature at 28 ℃, and controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide at 500-900 ppm; moving the pre-cultured fungus bags to a culture room, placing a thermometer in the fungus bags, monitoring the internal temperature of culture materials of the fungus bags, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃, culturing for 25-30 days, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide at 500-1000 ppm, enabling hypha to grow over the fungus bags, and paying attention to light placement when the fungus bags are transferred from the pre-culture room to the culture room to prevent gaps from appearing between the bag bodies of the fungus bags and the culture materials; and continuously culturing for 3-5 days after the hyphae grow over the fungus bags.

(4) Removing lantern ring and fruiting

After the industrial fungus bags are grown, carefully removing the cover body of the fungus bag lantern ring, and paying attention to the fact that when the cover body is removed, bags at the shoulder and above parts of the fungus bag are not pulled away from the surface of the culture material, so that the bags are tightly combined without gaps, and the primordium is ensured to be formed only at the sealing position of the lantern ring and not to be formed at other parts; the temperature of the fruiting period is 16-18 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 95-98%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 500-900 ppm, and the fruiting bodies are harvested when 8 are mature.

The bag shoulder and the bag above the bag are tightly and seamlessly combined with the culture material surface, and primordium appears only at the sealing part of the lantern ring, as shown in figure 1.

Comparative example 1

A method for industrially cultivating oyster mushrooms in bags comprises the following specific steps:

(1) sterilization

Bagging the culture materials according to an industrial production line to obtain fungus bags; the material is tightly charged, the bag materials are tightly packed, and no gap is left; the lantern ring is sealed tightly without air leakage; sterilizing in a sterilization pot, and lightly taking and placing in the pot filling and sterilizing process to prevent rough loading and unloading; sterilizing the fungus bags for 2-3 h at 121-123 ℃;

(2) cooling down

After sterilization, taking out of the pot (80 ℃ or even lower), and cooling in an air cooling chamber for a time based on the final control of the temperature in the fungus bag below 30 ℃;

(3) inoculation and spawn running culture

After solid artificial inoculation or liquid flow line inoculation is adopted, the fungus bags are placed in a culture room for culture, the environment temperature is set to be 22-25 ℃, the carbon dioxide concentration is 500-1000 ppm, and the culture is continued for 3-5 days until hyphae grow over the fungus bags.

(4) Removing lantern ring and fruiting

After the industrial fungus bags are grown, removing the cover body of the fungus bag lantern ring; the temperature of the fruiting period is 16-18 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 95-98%, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is 500-900 ppm. Harvesting fruiting body at 8-stage.

A gap is formed between the bag body and the material surface of the culture material to form a large amount of ineffective primordia, which is shown in figure 2.

When the lantern ring is removed for sealing, the bag shoulder and the bag above the bag shoulder of the fungus bag are separated from the material surface of the culture material to form a gap, a large amount of primordia are formed in the lower bag of the lantern ring, and the mushrooms cannot grow out from the sealing part of the lantern ring, as shown in figure 3.

The method of the embodiment 1 and the method of the comparative example 1 are respectively adopted to cultivate the oyster mushroom, and the result shows that the method of the embodiment 1 can enable more than 95% of mushroom bags to grow in the lantern ring area, and compared with the method of the comparative example, the method improves the fruiting rate by 20-30%, the yield by 5-10% and the first-class mushroom proportion by 20-30%.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (2)

1. A method for controlling the formation of ineffective primordia of industrially bag-cultured oyster mushrooms is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

(1) sterilization

Bagging the culture materials according to an industrial production line to obtain fungus bags; the material is tightly charged, the bag materials are tightly packed, and no gap is left; the lantern ring is sealed tightly without air leakage; sterilizing in a sterilizing pot, and lightly taking and placing in the pot during the sterilizing process;

(2) cooling down

First, precooling process

The sterilized fungus bags are taken out of the sterilization pot at the temperature of 90-95 ℃, and are placed into a hundred-grade purified air cooling chamber for cooling for 3-5 hours, and the temperature inside the fungus bags is finally controlled at 44-46 ℃;

② forced cooling process

Moving into a hundred-grade purified strong cooling chamber, and carrying out forced cooling for 1-2 h, wherein the temperature in the fungus bag is finally controlled at 17-19 ℃;

(3) inoculation and spawn running culture

In a hundred-grade purified inoculation room, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 15-20 ℃, and after aseptic inoculation is adopted, a lantern ring and a cover body are used for sealing, so that the inoculation is tight and airtight; placing the inoculated fungus bags in a pre-culture room for culturing for 5 days, setting the environmental temperature at 28 ℃, and controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide at 500-900 ppm; moving the pre-cultured fungus bags to a culture room, placing a thermometer in the fungus bags, monitoring the internal temperature of culture materials of the fungus bags, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃ and the carbon dioxide concentration at 500-1000 ppm, culturing for 25-30 days, enabling hyphae to grow over the fungus bags, slightly taking the fungus bags when the fungus bags are transferred from the pre-culture room to the culture room, and preventing gaps from appearing between bag bodies of the fungus bags and the culture materials; continuously culturing for 3-5 days after the hyphae grow over the fungus bags;

(4) removing lantern ring and fruiting

After the industrial fungus bags are grown, carefully removing the cover body of the fungus bag lantern ring, and paying attention to the fact that when the cover body is removed, bags at the shoulder and above parts of the fungus bag are not pulled away from the surface of the culture material, so that the bags are tightly combined without gaps, and the primordium is ensured to be formed only at the sealing position of the lantern ring and not to be formed at other parts; the temperature of the fruiting period is 16-18 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 95-98%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 500-900 ppm, and the fruiting bodies are harvested when 8 are mature.

2. The method for controlling the formation of ineffective primordia of bag-cultured Pleurotus ostreatus in factory according to claim 1, wherein the fungus bag of step (1) is sterilized at 121-123 ℃ for 2-3 h.

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