CN107360856A - Gardens dry branches and fallen leaves weeds cultivation flat mushroom method - Google Patents
Gardens dry branches and fallen leaves weeds cultivation flat mushroom method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107360856A CN107360856A CN201710604200.1A CN201710604200A CN107360856A CN 107360856 A CN107360856 A CN 107360856A CN 201710604200 A CN201710604200 A CN 201710604200A CN 107360856 A CN107360856 A CN 107360856A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- heap
- bag
- bacterium
- bacterium bag
- flat mushroom
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of gardens dry branches and fallen leaves weeds cultivation flat mushroom method, including:Garden waste is removed debris, classification, pulverization process;Planting material makes:S1 takes the raw material of following percentage by weight:Garden waste particle 67%, corncob 20%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, lime 2%, water is added into raw material, the wherein weight ratio of raw material and water is 1: 1.3;After S2 mixes the planting material prepared thoroughly plus water stirs;S3 ferments;S4 is packed;S4 sterilizes;S5 is cooled down;S6 is inoculated with.S7 bacterium germinations;Grand style makes:When mycelia covers with hair thoroughly, surface has the faint yellow globule and former base to occur, show that mycelia has reached physiological maturity, again until 80% bacterium bag has former base to occur, can code heap fruiting, bacterium wall most three layers of multi-code, can not be closely packed together between bag and bag, 3~5 centimetres of space radiating should be reserved, can be separated between layers with small bamboo.
Description
Technical field
The system belongs to agricultural technology field, is mainly used in garden waste and recycles in innocent treatment procedure.
Background technology
Investigated according to gardens green bureau of city in 2009, the annual afforestation discarded object available resources theory total amount in the whole city is about
4000000 tons, wherein about 1,000,000 tons of city, about 3,000,000 tons of suburban country and district.This quantity every year can also be with 50,000 tons or so of speed
Increase.For industrial development environment, as country is low with the gradual perfection and the public of city-level policies and measures and incentive mechanism
The increasingly raising of carbon environmental consciousness;Influence afforestation discarded object quantity principal element have city trees and shrubs foster trimming rule,
Foster rule and felling task, natural calamity etc. in forest zone.
Flat mushroom is the larger edible fungus variety of city's edible fungus culturing amount.Counted according to edible mushroom association, edible mushroom in 2013
150,000 tons of production, wherein 50,000 tons of mushroom, 33% is accounted for, 50,000 tons of flat mushroom, accounts for 33%, sum of the two accounts for production
67%, in the city, Edible Fungi occupies leading position.In recent years with the continuous expansion of Edible Fungi scale, but produce
Also some problems are highlighted, first, flat mushroom production development is limited to raw material, flat mushroom production is more using the cotton seed hull of investigation mission outside the city or town as major ingredient,
Cotton seed hull price rises violently, and is badly in need of finding the raw material and High-yield Formula substituted.
Urban green space can all produce greening discarded object in maintenance processes, as branch, fallen leaves, lawn shear junk and other
Plant residue etc., it is required for being handled.These are outwelled or filled rich in discarded objects of organic matter, will every year due to trimming,
The organic matter of the forfeitures such as cleaning fallen leaves returns to greenery patches, for soil of greenbelt health and the ecological balance, also not without benefit.With city
City develops, greenery area increase, and caused greening discarded object also increases year by year, if also continuing to use landfill, stacking, burning etc. always
Conventional process mode, necessarily bring very big processing pressure to urban sanitation department and be possible to pollute environment;Gardens are given up at present
Gurry mainly carries out compost treatment, but one is that can increase substantial amounts of manpower and materials cost, second, the organic matter of discarded object does not have
It is fully utilized, causes to waste.
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of bootable and helps what environmental sanitation department recycled garden waste
Gardens dry branches and fallen leaves weeds cultivation flat mushroom method.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, dry branches and fallen leaves weeds in gardens of the present invention cultivate flat mushroom method, including:
Gardens are useless to carry out pulverization process;Garden waste is useless to be removed debris, classification, pulverization process;Impurity removing is removed, such as
The debris such as stone fragment of brick, polybag, ironware;Classification, by branch, leaf, weeds classification;Crush, branch Special grinder for disintegrating powder
4~8mm × 3~5mm × 1~3mm wood chip is broken into, leaf weeds can cut into 10~30mm segment.
Planting material makes:
S1 takes the raw material of following percentage by weight:Garden waste particle 67%, corncob 20%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum
1%th, lime 2%, water is added into raw material, the wherein weight ratio of raw material and water is 1: 1.3;
After S2 mixes the planting material prepared thoroughly plus water stirs;
S3 ferments, and after compost plus water are mixed thoroughly, builds up wide 2 meters or so, high 0.8~1.2 meter or so, the unlimited material of length
Heap, expect that heap siccative amount should expected to make a call to two row breathable eyes at the top of heap more than 500 kilograms with about 4-5 centimetres of wooden stick of diameter, then
A line air-vent is tiltedly beaten at the middle part and lower, transverse for expecting heap inwards, 25-35 centimetres of pitch of holes, is covered with straw screen or mat, gunnysack, fish scale bag etc.
Lid;After material heap covers, material top layer 20-30 centimeters temperature is measured with thermometer, when temperature is raised to more than 55 DEG C, starts to count
When, maintain 12 hours, carry out the turning that replaced above and below material heap, inside and outside exchange when turning over, exchange up and down, after turning over, build heap again, operate
It is identical during with just building heap;When expect heap temperature be raised again to more than 55 DEG C when, keep 12 hours or so, carry out second of turning, it is necessary to
Turning at least 3 times;
S4 is packed, and the bacterium bag specification of charging is 220mm × 460mm;
S4 is sterilized, and bacterium bag is put into special sterilizing installation and sterilized, and under normal pressure, it is small that temperature reaches 100 DEG C of maintenances 10
When, maintain 4 hours during 121 DEG C of 1.13 pa of high pressure;
S5 is cooled down, and the bacterium bag after sterilizing is put into special cooling chamber and naturally cools to less than 30 DEG C room temperatures;
S6 is inoculated with, and when bacterium bag is cooled to less than 30 DEG C, into gnotobasis, bacterium bag two is opened, and is put into a square 3cm left sides
Right strain block, then sealed with the collar and non-woven fabrics.
S7 bacterium germinations, cultivate in the environment of the bacterium bag connected kind is put into 25 DEG C after 25 days or so mycelia cover with bacterium bag, continuation
Cultivating one week makes mycelia after-ripening;
Grand style makes:
When mycelia is covered with, hair is saturating, and surface has the faint yellow globule and former base to occur, and shows that mycelia has reached physiological maturity, then etc.
When thering is the former base to occur to 80% bacterium bag, you can code heap fruiting, bacterium wall most three layers of multi-code, it can not be closely packed together between bag and bag,
3~5 centimetres of space radiating should be reserved, can be separated between layers with small bamboo.
2nd, gardens dry branches and fallen leaves weeds cultivation flat mushroom method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Gardens give up into
The requirement of row pulverization process pulverized particles is 4~8mm × 3~5mm × 1~3mm.
3rd, gardens dry branches and fallen leaves weeds cultivation flat mushroom method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Bacterium bag specification
And material:Using the polyethylene plastic bag of 220mm × 460mm × 1.5~2 thread specification.
4th, gardens dry branches and fallen leaves weeds cultivation flat mushroom method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Whole fruiting
During, relative air humidity is maintained at 85~95%, and temperature is at 8~30 DEG C, ventilation 2 times daily, every time 1 hour.
Beneficial effect
Gardens dry branches and fallen leaves weeds cultivation flat mushroom method of the present invention possesses following beneficial effect with prior art:
The present invention is according to flat mushroom nutritional need, there is provided a kind of nutrition is balanced, beneficial to mushroom growth, cheap flat mushroom
Culture medium;The common discarded object in gardens is made full use of, gathered materials on the spot, realizes the requirement of recycling economy, economic ring
Protect, new source of finance is provided for peasant, also reduces the production cost of flat mushroom;Culture medium preparation is simple, nutrition is plentiful,
It is appropriate for promoting.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below.
Processing early stage of garden waste
1.1 waste sortings crush
It will first be crushed with special pulverizer.
The requirement of 1.2 pulverized particles
4~8mm × 3~5mm × 1~3mm
2 culturing edible fungus bacterium bags, which make, to be required
2.1 bacterium bag specifications and material:Using the polyethylene plastic bag of 220mm × 460mm × 1.5~2 thread specification
2.2 mushroom cultivation formulas:Garden waste particle 67%, corncob 20%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%, lime
2%, material-water ratio 1: 1.3.
2.3 flat mushroom bacterium bags make
2.3.1 spice, after the planting material prepared is mixed thoroughly plus water stirs, and water content is typically 60% or so;
2.3.2 ferment, specific method is after adding water to mix thoroughly compost, builds up wide 2 meters or so, high 0.8~1.2 meter of left side
The right side, the unlimited material heap of length, material heap siccative amount should be more than 500 kilograms, it is impossible to very little, in case material temperature can not be raised or risen
It is too slow.Material heap top should pile turtleback shape, and surrounding gently makes real, and it is saturating to make a call to two rows at the top of material heap with about 5 centimetres of wooden stick of diameter
Core, then material heap middle part and lower, transverse tiltedly beat a line air-vent inwards, pitch of holes can be 30 cms, with straw screen or mat,
Gunnysack, fish scale bag etc. cover.After material heap covers, temperature at the material cm of top layer 25 is measured with thermometer, treats temperature liter
During to more than 55 DEG C, start timing, maintain 12 hours or so, carry out turning, turning main points are that material heap replaces up and down, interior foreign minister
Adjust, after having turned over heap, build heap again, it is identical when operation is with just building heap.When expecting that heap temperature is raised again to more than 55 DEG C, kept for 12 hours
Left and right, second of turning is carried out, generally requires turning 3 times.
2.3.3 pack, using special-purpose machinery or artificial pack, the bacterium bag specification of charging is 220mm × 460mm or so.
2.3.4 sterilize, bacterium bag is put into special sterilizing installation is sterilized, and under general normal pressure, temperature reaches 100 DEG C of dimensions
Hold 10 hours, maintain 4 hours during 121 DEG C of 1.13 pa of high pressure.
2.3.5 cool down, the bacterium bag after sterilizing is put into special cooling chamber naturally cools to less than 30 DEG C.
2.3.6 it is inoculated with, when bacterium bag is cooled to less than 30 DEG C, into gnotobasis, bacterium bag two is opened, is put into square
3cm or so strain block, then sealed with the collar and non-woven fabrics.
2.3.7 bacterium germination, cultivated in the environment of the bacterium bag connected kind is put into 25 DEG C after 25 days or so mycelia cover with bacterium bag, after
Continuous culture makes mycelia after-ripening in one week.
3 grand styles
When mycelia is covered with, hair is saturating, and hand is endured with all one's will solid, high resilience by bacterium bag, and surface has the faint yellow globule and former base to occur,
Show that mycelia has reached physiological maturity, then until 80% bacterium bag has former base to occur, you can code heap fruiting.Bacterium wall most multi-code three
Layer, can not be closely packed together between bag and bag, should reserve 3~5 centimetres space radiating, between layers can use small bamboo every
Open.
4 management of producing mushroom
During whole fruiting, divulging information must be good;Because summer temperature is high, moisture evaporation is fast, so in order to ensure humidity,
Should often it spray water, water spray can be daily 3~4 times, and can fill canopy once with flood every several days, to ensure fructification normal growth
Humidity needed for development.High temperature flat mushroom is from fruiting is seeded into, and the time is very fast, normal management, about more than 20 days can fruiting, biology turn
Rate can reach 100~130%.
To the present invention it should be appreciated that embodiment described above, to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial to effect
Fruit has carried out further details of explanation, these are only embodiments of the invention, is not intended to limit the present invention, it is every
Within the spiritual principles of the present invention, made any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements etc., the protection of the present invention should be included in
Within the scope of, protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the protection domain that claim is defined.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of gardens dry branches and fallen leaves weeds cultivate flat mushroom method, it is characterised in that:Including:
Garden waste is removed debris, classification, pulverization process;Impurity removing is removed, such as stone fragment of brick, polybag, ironware are miscellaneous
Thing;Classification, by branch, leaf, weeds classification;Crush, branch with Special grinder for disintegrating be ground into 4~8mm × 3~5mm × 1~
3mm wood chip, leaf weeds can cut into 10~30mm segment;
Planting material makes:
S1 takes the raw material of following percentage by weight:Garden waste particle 67%, corncob 20%, wheat bran 10%, gypsum 1%,
Lime 2%, water is added into raw material, the wherein weight ratio of raw material and water is 1: 1.3;
After S2 mixes the planting material prepared thoroughly plus water stirs;
S3 ferments, and after compost plus water are mixed thoroughly, builds up wide 2 meters or so, high 0.8~1.2 meter or so, the unlimited material heap of length,
Expect that heap siccative amount should make a call to two row breathable eyes, then expecting with about 4-5 centimetres of wooden stick of diameter more than 500 kilograms at the top of material heap
The middle part of heap and lower, transverse tiltedly beat a line air-vent inwards, 25-35 centimetres of pitch of holes, are covered with straw screen or mat, gunnysack, fish scale bag etc.
Lid;After material heap covers, material top layer 20-30 centimeters temperature is measured with thermometer, when temperature is raised to more than 55 DEG C, is started
Timing, maintain 12 hours, carry out the turning that replaced above and below material heap, inside and outside exchange when turning over, exchange up and down, after turning over, build heap again, grasp
It is identical when making with just building heap;When expecting that heap temperature is raised again to more than 55 DEG C, kept for 12 hours or so, carry out second of turning, needed
Want turning at least 3 times;
S4 is packed, and the bacterium bag specification of charging is 220mm × 460mm;
S4 is sterilized, and bacterium bag is put into special sterilizing installation and sterilized, and under normal pressure, temperature reaches 100 DEG C and maintained 10 hours, high
Maintained 4 hours when pressing 121 DEG C of 1.13 pa;
S5 is cooled down, and the bacterium bag after sterilizing is put into special cooling chamber and naturally cools to less than 30 DEG C room temperatures;
S6 is inoculated with, and when bacterium bag is cooled to less than 30 DEG C, into gnotobasis, bacterium bag two is opened, is put into square 3cm's or so
Strain block, then sealed with the collar and non-woven fabrics.
S7 bacterium germinations, cultivated in the environment of the bacterium bag connected kind is put into 25 DEG C after 25 days or so mycelia cover with bacterium bag, continue to cultivate
Make mycelia after-ripening within one week;
Grand style makes:
When mycelia is covered with, hair is saturating, and surface has the faint yellow globule and former base to occur, and shows that mycelia has reached physiological maturity, then wait until
When 80% bacterium bag has the former base to occur, you can code heap fruiting, bacterium wall most three layers of multi-code, it can not be closely packed together between bag and bag, should
Reserved 3~5 centimetres space radiating, can be separated with small bamboo between layers.
2. dry branches and fallen leaves weeds in gardens according to claim 1 cultivate flat mushroom method, it is characterised in that:Gardens are useless to carry out powder
Broken processing pulverized particles requirement is 4~8mm × 3~5mm × 1~3mm.
3. dry branches and fallen leaves weeds in gardens according to claim 1 cultivate flat mushroom method, it is characterised in that:Bacterium bag specification and material
Material:Using the polyethylene plastic bag of 220mm × 460mm × 1.5~2 thread specification.
4. dry branches and fallen leaves weeds in gardens according to claim 1 cultivate flat mushroom method, it is characterised in that:Whole fruiting process
In, relative air humidity is maintained at 85~95%, and temperature is at 8~30 DEG C, ventilation 2 times daily, every time 1 hour.
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110653238A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-01-07 | 华南农业大学 | Method for treating garden waste by using aerobic-anaerobic two-stage process |
CN113475308A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-10-08 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | Method for controlling formation of ineffective primordium of industrially bag-cultured oyster mushrooms |
CN113557908A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-10-29 | 南京大学 | Garden waste recycling process combining oyster mushroom cultivation and mushroom residue composting |
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CN102668875A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-09-19 | 河南科技大学 | Deciduous material for cultivating cap fungi and ridged bed for cultivating cap fungi |
CN103964943A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-08-06 | 舒城县东方粮油种植专业合作社 | Method for cultivation of edible fungi pleurotus ostreatus by utilizing straw |
CN105027986A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-11-11 | 贵州茅台流域东升农场有限公司 | Oyster mushroom indoor bag cultivation method |
CN105052541A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 黄旭胜 | Method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by using sugarcane leaves as primary raw material |
CN105272643A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-01-27 | 平果县果燕缘农业开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating oyster mushrooms with Shangtang orange branches and leaves as main raw materials |
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2017
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Patent Citations (6)
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CN102668875A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-09-19 | 河南科技大学 | Deciduous material for cultivating cap fungi and ridged bed for cultivating cap fungi |
CN102613001A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-08-01 | 何寒 | Method for using pruned mango branches and leaves as raw materials to cultivate oyster mushrooms under mango trees |
CN103964943A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-08-06 | 舒城县东方粮油种植专业合作社 | Method for cultivation of edible fungi pleurotus ostreatus by utilizing straw |
CN105052541A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 黄旭胜 | Method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by using sugarcane leaves as primary raw material |
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CN105272643A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-01-27 | 平果县果燕缘农业开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating oyster mushrooms with Shangtang orange branches and leaves as main raw materials |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110653238A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-01-07 | 华南农业大学 | Method for treating garden waste by using aerobic-anaerobic two-stage process |
CN113475308A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-10-08 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | Method for controlling formation of ineffective primordium of industrially bag-cultured oyster mushrooms |
CN113557908A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-10-29 | 南京大学 | Garden waste recycling process combining oyster mushroom cultivation and mushroom residue composting |
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