CN113462378B - 一种磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物及制备方法和应用,属于发光纳米材料技术领域。针对现有技术制备的材料制备、纯化步骤繁琐,成本高、耗时,在实际应用中受到制约的问题,本发明的磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物包括二氧化硅基质外壳和包覆在二氧化硅基质内的碳纳米点。本发明方法仅以正硅酸乙酯和水为原料一步水热合成。制得的核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物能实现水溶液中长余辉磷光,并长期稳定,具有良好的生物相容性,低毒性,表面也易于进一步功能化,这些特性使该纳米复合物在防伪和信息加密领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于发光纳米材料技术领域,具体涉及一种磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
超长室温磷光材料在移除激发光源后仍能发出数秒至数小时的光亮,在信息防伪、生物标记、检测和细胞靶向等领域有广阔的应用前景。但目前大多数所报道的室温磷光材料只在固相中显示磷光的特性,这严重限制了其实际应用。这主要是由于大多数磷光材料基质不能提供有效的保护屏蔽,导致磷光容易被溶剂弛豫效应和水溶液中的溶解氧所淬灭。而核壳结构中外壳部分可以设计成稳定坚固的屏蔽层,为水溶液中实现室温磷光提供了可能。
目前在水溶液中实现室温磷光已公开的报道有三聚氰酸包覆碳点(Naturecommunications 2018,9,734)、碳点共价固定在二氧化硅纳米球内部(Chem.Mater.2017,29,4866-4873)等。然而上述材料均需要先合成碳点再进行包覆,制备、纯化步骤繁琐,成本高、耗时,在实际应用中受到制约。
发明内容
针对现有技术制备的材料制备、纯化步骤繁琐,成本高、耗时,在实际应用中受到制约问题,本发明提供了一种核壳结构的磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物及其制备方法与应用。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用了下列技术方案:
一种核壳结构的磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物,所述核壳结构的磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物包括二氧化硅基质外壳和包覆在二氧化硅基质内的碳纳米点。
一种核壳结构的磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物的制备方法:将0.2~500μL正硅酸乙酯分散在10mL超纯水中,搅拌10~20分钟后,将该溶液放入水热釜中,在230~260℃下反应14~16小时即可得到核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物。
本发明的核壳结构的磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物,发光量子产率在5.2%~12.0%之间,发光峰位在500~510纳米之间,发光寿命在1.15~2.19秒之间。
根据本发明,所得室温磷光材料溶液在紫外光激发下可以发射蓝色荧光,在紫外激发光关闭后,还能够发射肉眼可见的绿色磷光,所述的磷光材料的寿命可以达到2.19秒,肉眼分辨时间达9秒。
进一步,所述磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物用于图形安全和数字加密的信息防伪。
原理:正硅酸乙酯首先水解产生硅酸和乙醇。在水热过程的高温高压条件下,乙醇发生交联和碳化反应形成碳纳米点,同时硅酸发生缩聚反应生成二氧化硅球基体。在这个过程中,产生的碳纳米点被封装在二氧化硅球基体内,最后形成核壳结构的二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下优点:
本方法仅以正硅酸乙酯和水为原料,通过水热法一步合成。与传统方法相比,明显缩短了合成时间。
本发明所提供的核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物能实现长余辉磷光,并长期稳定,具有良好的生物相容性,低毒性,表面也易于进一步功能化,这些特性使该纳米复合物在防伪、信息加密、生物标记、检测和细胞靶向等领域有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1、本发明中实施例1核壳结构二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物溶液在日光下(a),365nm紫外灯下(b)和365nm紫外灯关闭后(c)的光学照片。
图2、本发明中实施例1核壳结构二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物溶液在不同波长激发下的荧光发射光谱图。
图3、本发明中实施例1核壳结构二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物溶液在不同波长激发下的磷光发射光谱图。
图4、本发明中实施例1核壳结构二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物溶液在360nm紫外光激发下的磷光衰减曲线图。
图5、本发明中实施例1核壳结构二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物的透射电镜照片。
图6、本发明中实施例1核壳结构二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物的动态光散射图。
图7、本发明中实施例1核壳结构二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物的傅里叶转换红外吸收光谱图。
图8、本发明中实施例1核壳结构二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物溶液在防伪和信息加密方面的应用效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明如下:
实施例1:
将0.1mL正硅酸乙酯分散在10mL超纯水中,搅拌20分钟后,将该溶液放入聚苯撑(PPL)衬里的不锈钢水热釜中,在240℃下反应15小时即可得到核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物。样品最终发光量子产率为10.5%,平均寿命为2.19秒。
对上述实施例所制备核壳结构二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物进行了检测。图1为实施例1得到的核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物溶液在日光下(a)、在365nm紫外灯下(b)和365nm紫外灯关闭后(c)的光学照片,从图1中可以看出,所得产物在日光下为浅黄色,紫外灯下表现出蓝色荧光,紫外光源关闭后,表现出肉眼可见的绿色余辉。
图2为实施例1得到的核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物溶液的荧光发射光谱图,可以看到其最佳激发波长是360nm,最佳发射波长是434nm。
图3为实施例1得到的核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物溶液的磷光发射光谱图,可以看到其最佳激发波长是360nm,最佳发射波长是505nm。
图4为实施例1得到的核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物溶液在360nm紫外光激发下的磷光衰减曲线图,数据拟合结果显示磷光衰减寿命长达2.19秒。
图5为核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物的透射电镜图,可以说明制备的纳米粒子为核壳结构。
图6为核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物的动态光散射图,证明其平均粒径为46.6nm。
图7为核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物的红外光谱图,可以看到,包含O-H键、C-H键、C=O键、Si-O-Si键、Si-O-C键、Si-O键特征峰。
图8为核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物溶液在防伪和信息加密方面的效果图,可以实现在信息保护领域中的应用。
实施例2:
将0.05mL正硅酸乙酯分散在10mL超纯水中,搅拌20分钟后,将该溶液放入聚苯撑(PPL)衬里的不锈钢水热釜中,在260℃下反应15小时即可得到核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物。样品最终发光量子产率为11.5%,平均寿命为1.68秒。
实施例3:
将2μL正硅酸乙酯分散在10mL超纯水中,搅拌15分钟后,将该溶液放入聚苯撑(PPL)衬里的不锈钢水热釜中,在240℃下反应14小时即可得到核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物。样品最终发光量子产率为6.7%,平均寿命为1.39秒。
本发明说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。尽管上面对本发明说明性的具体实施方式进行了描述,以便于本技术领的技术人员理解本发明,但应该清楚,本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围,对本技术领域的普通技术人员来讲,只要各种变化在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明的精神和范围内,这些变化是显而易见的,一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。
Claims (2)
1.一种磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物在防伪和信息加密中的应用,其特征在于:所述磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物包括二氧化硅基质外壳和包覆在二氧化硅基质内的碳纳米点;所述磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物的发光量子产率在5.2%~12.0%,发光峰位在500~510纳米,发光寿命在1.15~2.19秒;
所述的磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将0.2~500 µL正硅酸乙酯分散在10 mL超纯水中,搅拌10~20分钟,得到混合溶液,将混合溶液放入水热釜中,在230~260℃下反应14~16小时,制得核壳结构磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的磷光二氧化硅/碳纳米复合物在防伪和信息加密中的应用,其特征在于:用于图形安全和数字加密的信息防伪。
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