CN113457644A - 表面改性金属有机框架结构吸附材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
表面改性金属有机框架结构吸附材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
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Abstract
本发明公开了表面改性金属有机框架结构吸附材料的制备方法,将N,N‑二甲基酰胺(DMF)、ZrCl4和浓HCl混合,调节pH值至3~6,得到第一溶液;加入2‑氨基对苯二甲酸,超声处理后得到第二溶液;装釜结晶,得到UiO‑66‑NH2金属有机骨架材料;将聚乙烯醇(PVA)的水溶液逐滴加入至UiO‑66‑NH2金属有机骨架材料上,所得混合物转移到特氟隆内衬的不锈钢高压釜中升温至110‑130℃下保持20‑30h;冷却至室温后倾析,洗涤,真空干燥得到PVA@UiO‑66‑NH2吸附剂。本发明所得气体吸附剂可以在常温条件下有效地去除混合气中的CO2分子。吸附CO2分子后在250℃、氩气的环境下煅烧,可重复利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种表面改性金属有机框架结构吸附材料的制备方法。
背景技术
CO2安全浓度≦350ppm,温室气体中占比70%以上。可再生资源,价格低廉且无毒,广泛应用于食品、制碱、干冰、等领域。主要来源:化石燃料发电厂、水泥、钢铁等工业。燃煤电厂CO2排放量占CO2总排放量的1/3。
CO可作燃料也是一种有毒的大气污染物。是一种重要的碳一化工原料,可以用来合成甲酸、醋酸、碳酸二甲酯、DMF等众多化工产品。来源:燃料燃烧,汽车尾气等。
氢气净化(H2/(CO+CO2))、合成气成分调整((H2+CO)/CO2)和从烟道气中捕获CO2(CO2/N2),是低温吸附工艺尚未审查的工业工艺。吸附分离法是将CO2分离出去的有效手段,吸附剂是吸附分离法的关键,它的性能直接决定了整个分离过程的能耗和效率。此外,实际工况下,水汽是无所不在的,普遍存在混合气体含有水汽时,由于水的竞争吸附,会导致吸附剂吸附的性能下降,如电厂烟气中CO2分压低,含水蒸气。
MOFs(Metal Organic frameworks)材料主要是一类含氧或氮元素的有机配体与过渡金属离子连接而形成的多维周期性网状骨架,具有超高的比表面积、孔隙结构可调,在气体的吸附和分离方面具有很好的应用前景。然而,现有的MOFs材料大部分是水汽不稳定的,MOFs材料一旦吸附水,其结构就易坍塌,有些虽然稳定,但价格昂贵或性能不够理想。因此,如何制备一种结构稳定,又对CO2具有高吸附效果、对含CO2的混合气体中CO2具有高分离选择性的吸附剂是亟待解决的问题。新型表面改性有机骨架Zr-MOF是目前MOFs材料中结构稳定、制备成本较低的一种多孔材料,具有潜在的应用前景,不足之处是:1.在动态条件下,气体的吸附性能不佳;2.需提高在室温和低压条件下,气体的工作容量;3.欠缺在真空高压下的气体吸附分离的研究;4.需开发过程简单,大规模合成方法。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种表面改性金属有机框架结构吸附材料的制备方法,所得吸附材料耐水性好结构稳定,且对CO2有优异的吸附效果;另外其成本较低,能实现工业化生产。
为达到上述目的,采用技术方案如下:
表面改性金属有机框架结构吸附材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将N,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)、ZrCl4和浓HCl混合,调节pH值至3~6,得到第一溶液;
(2)加入2-氨基对苯二甲酸,超声处理后得到第二溶液;
(3)装釜结晶,得到UiO-66-NH2金属有机骨架材料;
(4)将聚乙烯醇(PVA)的水溶液逐滴加入至UiO-66-NH2金属有机骨架材料上,所得混合物转移到特氟隆内衬的不锈钢高压釜中升温至110-130℃下保持20-30h;冷却至室温后倾析,洗涤,真空干燥得到PVA@UiO-66-NH2吸附剂。
按上述方案,步骤1中ZrCl4和HCl的摩尔比为1:6。
按上述方案,步骤1中优选的pH值为3.4~5.8。
按上述方案,步骤2中Zr4+与2-氨基对苯二甲酸的摩尔比为1:1。
按上述方案,步骤2中超声时间为5~30min。优选为20min。
按上述方案,步骤3中装釜结晶的温度为80~150℃。优选为120℃。
按上述方案,步骤4中的聚乙烯醇(PVA)的水溶液中H2O与PVA的质量比为(9-29):1,PVA与UiO-66-NH2金属有机骨架材料的用量比为(1-16):1。
相对于现有技术,本发明有益效果在于:
本发明采用溶剂热法,合成前改性制备得到UiO-66-NH2金属有机骨架材料,复合聚乙烯醇得到二氧化碳的复合吸附材料。以PVA作为有机骨架,掺杂锆基MOF(UiO-66-NH2)形成一种纤维网状结构的复合物,PVA中的羟基与MOF中的羧基基团发生酯化反应,从而使MOF与PVA交联在一起,增加了尺寸效应,再加上材料自身独特的结构,使其能够有效吸附CO2,基于孔径大小筛分不同分子动力学直径的CO2/CO,基于吸附作用大小筛分CO2/CO,提升了该材料对CO2的选择性吸附。
本发明所得气体吸附剂可以在常温条件下有效地去除混合气中的CO2分子。吸附CO2分子后在250℃、氩气的环境下煅烧,可重复利用。
附图说明
图1:实施例1制备的PVA@UiO-66-NH2材料的XRD谱图;
图2:实施例1制备的PVA@UiO-66-NH2材料的FTIR谱图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例进一步阐释本发明的技术方案,但不作为对本发明保护方案的限制。
实施例1
(1)将150mLN,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)、1.25gZrCl4和10mL浓HCl(37%)混合,调节pH值至5,得到第一溶液;
(2)加入1.34g2-氨基对苯二甲酸,超声处理20min后得到第二溶液;
(3)装釜结晶,于120℃反应24h,后处理采用离心洗涤(2×30mLDMF、2×30mL乙醇)得到UiO-66-NH2金属有机骨架材料;
(4)按9:1(H2O:PVA)的质量比例制备得到PVA的水溶液;按1:1的质量比例将PVA的水溶液缓慢加入到UiO-66-NH2材料中,常温下搅拌均匀;将混合物转移到高压反应釜中升温于120℃反应24h,离心洗涤后转移到真空干燥箱中130℃下真空干燥4h,便制得金属有机骨架材料10%PVA@UiO-66-NH2。
将所得到的10%PVA@UiO-66-NH2装填在高压气体吸附仪中,在273K和0%的湿度条件下,通入CO2/CO混合气体,同时测定其吸附透过曲线,根据实验得到的透过曲线,算得此材料对CO2的工作吸附容量0.6mmol/g,对CO2/CO动态吸附的选择性系数为4.2。
本实施例制备的PVA@UiO-66-NH2材料的XRD谱图见图1所示;由图可知,分别在2θ=7.36°,8.48°,12.04°,14.15°,17.08°,22.25°,25.68°,33.12°时出现特征峰,分别与(111),(002),(022),(113),(004),(115),(224),(137)晶面相对应。所合成的样品在特征峰位置及强度上均与其他相关报道基本一致,可见本次实验采用溶剂热法掺入PVA合成的PVA@UiO-66-NH2材料与标准UiO-66-NH2晶体具有相似的拓扑结构,证实该样品未改变UiO-66-NH2材料的结构,仍具有较高的水热稳定性。
本实施例制备的PVA@UiO-66-NH2材料的FTIR谱图见图2所示,769cm-1的谱带是由于OH和CH弯曲与Zr–O模式混合而引起的,1259cm-1的吸收谱带是由于C–N延伸了游离胺基,N-H键弯曲振动的峰值为1565cm-1,该吸收带可能与–COOH与Zr4+离子的反应有关,3477cm-1和3374cm-1为N-H键不对称伸缩和对称伸缩振动导致的峰值,表明了引入PVA并不会影响UiO-66-NH2材料主要官能团分布。
实施例2
(1)将150mLN,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)、1.25gZrCl4和10mL浓HCl(37%)混合,调节pH值至5,得到第一溶液;
(2)加入1.34g2-氨基对苯二甲酸,超声处理20min后得到第二溶液;
(3)装釜结晶,于120℃反应24h,后处理采用离心洗涤(2×30mLDMF、2×30mL乙醇)得到UiO-66-NH2金属有机骨架材料;
(4)按19:1(H2O:PVA)的质量比例制备得到PVA的水溶液;按4:1的质量比例将PVA的水溶液加入到UiO-66-NH2材料中,常温下搅拌均匀;将混合物转移到高压反应釜中升温于120℃反应24h,离心洗涤后转移到真空干燥箱中110℃下真空干燥6h,便制得金属有机骨架材料20%PVA@UiO-66-NH2。
将所得到的20%PVA@UiO-66-NH2材料装填在高压气体吸附仪中,在298K和30%的湿度条件下,通入CO2/CO混合气体,同时测定其吸附透过曲线,根据实验得到的透过曲线,算得此材料对CO2的工作吸附容晕可达1.2mmol/g,对CO2/CO动态吸附的选择性系数为35。
实施例3
(1)将150mLN,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)、1.25gZrCl4和10mL浓HCl(37%)混合,调节pH值至5,得到第一溶液;
(2)加入1.34g2-氨基对苯二甲酸,超声处理20min后得到第二溶液;
(3)装釜结晶,于120℃反应24h,后处理采用离心洗涤(2×30mLDMF、2×30mL乙醇)得到UiO-66-NH2金属有机骨架材料;
(4)按29:1(H2O:PVA)的质量比例制备得到PVA的水溶液;按9:1的质量比例将PVA的水溶液加入到UiO-66-NH2材料中,常温下搅拌均匀;将混合物转移到高压反应釜中升温于120℃反应24h,离心洗涤后转移到真空干燥箱中100℃下真空干燥8h,便制得金属有机骨架材料30%PVA@UiO-66-NH2。
将所得到的30%PVA@UiO-66-NH2材料装填在高压气体吸附仪中,在328K和60%的湿度条件下,通入CO2/CO混合气体,同时测定其吸附透过曲线,根据实验得到的透过曲线,算得此材料对CO2的工作吸附容晕可达2.7mmol/g,对CO2/CO的动态吸附选择性系数为180。
实施例4
(1)将150mLN,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)、1.25gZrCl4和10mL浓HCl(37%)混合,调节pH值至5,得到第一溶液;
(2)加入1.34g2-氨基对苯二甲酸,超声处理20min后得到第二溶液;
(3)装釜结晶,于120℃反应24h,后处理采用离心洗涤(2×30mLDMF、2×30mL乙醇)得到UiO-66-NH2金属有机骨架材料;
(4)按29:1(H2O:PVA)的质量比例制备得到PVA的水溶液;按16:1的质量比例将PVA的水溶液加入到UiO-66-NH2材料中,常温下搅拌均匀;将混合物转移到高压反应釜中升温于120℃反应24h,离心洗涤后转移到真空干燥箱中90℃下真空干燥10h,便制得金属有机骨架材料40%PVA@UiO-66-NH2。
将所得到的40%PVA@UiO-66-NH2材料装填在高压气体吸附仪中,在358K和90%的湿度条件下,通入CO2/CO混合气体,同时测定其吸附透过曲线,根据实验得到的透过曲线,算得此材料对CO2的工作吸附容晕可达1.35mmol/g,对CO2/CO的动态吸附选择性系数为78。
Claims (7)
1.表面改性金属有机框架结构吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将N,N-二甲基酰胺(DMF)、ZrCl4和浓HCl混合,调节pH值至3~6,得到第一溶液;
(2)加入2-氨基对苯二甲酸,超声处理后得到第二溶液;
(3)装釜结晶,得到UiO-66-NH2金属有机骨架材料;
(4)将聚乙烯醇(PVA)的水溶液逐滴加入至UiO-66-NH2金属有机骨架材料上,所得混合物转移到特氟隆内衬的不锈钢高压釜中升温至110-130℃下保持20-30h;冷却至室温后倾析,洗涤,真空干燥得到PVA@UiO-66-NH2吸附剂。
2.如权利要求1所述表面改性金属有机框架结构吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1中ZrCl4和HCl的摩尔比为1:6。
3.如权利要求1所述表面改性金属有机框架结构吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤1中优选的pH值为3.4~5.8。
4.如权利要求1所述表面改性金属有机框架结构吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2中Zr4+与2-氨基对苯二甲酸的摩尔比为1:1。
5.如权利要求1所述表面改性金属有机框架结构吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤2中超声时间为5~30min。
6.如权利要求1所述表面改性金属有机框架结构吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤3中装釜结晶的温度为80~150℃。
7.如权利要求1所述表面改性金属有机框架结构吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于步骤4中的聚乙烯醇(PVA)的水溶液中H2O与PVA的质量比为(9-29):1,PVA与UiO-66-NH2金属有机骨架材料的用量比为(1-16):1。
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