CN113444125B - 亚磷酰胺配体及其制备方法和在不对称羰基化反应中的应用 - Google Patents
亚磷酰胺配体及其制备方法和在不对称羰基化反应中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113444125B CN113444125B CN202010226099.2A CN202010226099A CN113444125B CN 113444125 B CN113444125 B CN 113444125B CN 202010226099 A CN202010226099 A CN 202010226099A CN 113444125 B CN113444125 B CN 113444125B
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- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 title abstract description 50
- 150000008300 phosphoramidites Chemical class 0.000 title description 36
- -1 phosphoramidite compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 229930005303 indole alkaloid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical class ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 128
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Substances CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- RZXMPPFPUUCRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-toluidine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 RZXMPPFPUUCRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical group OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- PBDBXAQKXCXZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F PBDBXAQKXCXZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N mesitylene Substances CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 12
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- PPTXVXKCQZKFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (S)-(-)-1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C3O)=C(O)C=CC2=C1 PPTXVXKCQZKFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012434 nucleophilic reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004191 (C1-C6) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001543 aryl boronic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- QVJWBJWRAPJXNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-aminophenyl) acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 QVJWBJWRAPJXNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RZCPLOMUUCFPQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-ethylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(B(O)O)C=C1 RZCPLOMUUCFPQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000027 (C1-C10) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KLIDCXVFHGNTTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1O KLIDCXVFHGNTTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VTCDZPUMZAZMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC(O)=CC(OC)=C1OC VTCDZPUMZAZMSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DOLQYFPDPKPQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1C DOLQYFPDPKPQSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VIUDTWATMPPKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 VIUDTWATMPPKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ASHGTJPOSUFTGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 ASHGTJPOSUFTGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HRXZRAXKKNUKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethylaniline Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HRXZRAXKKNUKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N monobenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O SMQUZDBALVYZAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- BIWQNIMLAISTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(B(O)O)C=C1 BIWQNIMLAISTBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MNJYZNVROSZZQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-tert-butylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(B(O)O)C=C1 MNJYZNVROSZZQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006823 (C1-C6) acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- BZXQRXJJJUZZAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(B(O)O)C(C)=C1 BZXQRXJJJUZZAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QQLRSCZSKQTFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4-difluorophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1F QQLRSCZSKQTFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCSLIRFWJPOENV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluorophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1F QCSLIRFWJPOENV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ROEQGIFOWRQYHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1B(O)O ROEQGIFOWRQYHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NSJVYHOPHZMZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1B(O)O NSJVYHOPHZMZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DJGHSJBYKIQHIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-dimethylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(B(O)O)=C1 DJGHSJBYKIQHIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KNXQDJCZSVHEIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-fluorophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1 KNXQDJCZSVHEIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NLLGFYPSWCMUIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(B(O)O)=C1 NLLGFYPSWCMUIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BJQCPCFFYBKRLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-methylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(B(O)O)=C1 BJQCPCFFYBKRLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSWLFBMVIGQONC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-propan-2-ylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(B(O)O)=C1 QSWLFBMVIGQONC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QBLFZIBJXUQVRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-bromophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 QBLFZIBJXUQVRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CAYQIZIAYYNFCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-chlorophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CAYQIZIAYYNFCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WRQNDLDUNQMTCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-ethoxyphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=C(B(O)O)C=C1 WRQNDLDUNQMTCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- NSFJAFZHYOAMHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-nitrophenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 NSFJAFZHYOAMHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XPEIJWZLPWNNOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-phenylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(B(O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 XPEIJWZLPWNNOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IAEUFBDMVKQCLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-propan-2-ylphenyl)boronic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(B(O)O)C=C1 IAEUFBDMVKQCLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LFZJRTMTKGYJRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethynylbenzene Chemical group ClC1=CC=C(C#C)C=C1 LFZJRTMTKGYJRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZASXCTCNZKFDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-3-methoxybenzene Chemical group COC1=CC=CC(C#C)=C1 ZASXCTCNZKFDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QXSWHQGIEKUBAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene Chemical group FC1=CC=C(C#C)C=C1 QXSWHQGIEKUBAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KBIAVTUACPKPFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-4-methoxybenzene Chemical group COC1=CC=C(C#C)C=C1 KBIAVTUACPKPFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GAZZTEJDUGESGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-4-nitrobenzene Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(C#C)C=C1 GAZZTEJDUGESGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BPRYUXCVCCNUFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(O)C(C)=C1 BPRYUXCVCCNUFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KUFFULVDNCHOFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-xylenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(C)=C1 KUFFULVDNCHOFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IZLVFLOBTPURLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methoxy-4-nitrophenol Chemical compound COC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1O IZLVFLOBTPURLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VADKRMSMGWJZCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1Br VADKRMSMGWJZCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- SDYWXFYBZPNOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dichloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 SDYWXFYBZPNOFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CDIDGWDGQGVCIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 CDIDGWDGQGVCIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000007294 asymmetric addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- MUALRAIOVNYAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N binap Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1)C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MUALRAIOVNYAIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- PZPPOCZWRGNKIR-PNVYSBBASA-N chaetocin Chemical compound N([C@@H]1N2C(=O)[C@]3(CO)SS[C@]2(C(N3C)=O)C2)C3=CC=CC=C3[C@]12[C@@]12C[C@]3(SS4)C(=O)N(C)[C@]4(CO)C(=O)N3[C@H]2NC2=CC=CC=C12 PZPPOCZWRGNKIR-PNVYSBBASA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZPPOCZWRGNKIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chaetocin Natural products C1C2(C(N3C)=O)SSC3(CO)C(=O)N2C2NC3=CC=CC=C3C21C12CC3(SS4)C(=O)N(C)C4(CO)C(=O)N3C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 PZPPOCZWRGNKIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N dibenzylideneacetone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- YDCHPLOFQATIDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-bromoacetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CBr YDCHPLOFQATIDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NQMRYBIKMRVZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[NH3+]C NQMRYBIKMRVZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HUMMCEUVDBVXTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-1-ylboronic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(B(O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 HUMMCEUVDBVXTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPTRDYONBVUWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalen-2-ylboronic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(B(O)O)=CC=C21 KPTRDYONBVUWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JCDAUYWOHOLVMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthren-9-ylboronic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(B(O)O)=CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 JCDAUYWOHOLVMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-HIFRSBDPSA-N physostigmine Chemical compound C12=CC(OC(=O)NC)=CC=C2N(C)[C@@H]2[C@@]1(C)CCN2C PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-HIFRSBDPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001697 physostigmine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium sodium L-tartrate Chemical class [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007039 two-step reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZEANERNKMXBETI-BJHDJDSNSA-N win-64821 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1NC([C@H]2N([C@@H]3[C@@](C4=CC=CC=C4N3)(C2)[C@@]23[C@@H](N4[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC=5C=CC=CC=5)C4=O)=O)C2)NC=2C3=CC=CC=2)C1=O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZEANERNKMXBETI-BJHDJDSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
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- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
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Abstract
本发明公开了结构通式(I)和(II)所示的手性亚磷酰胺化合物及其合成方法,并利用该单齿手性配体解决不对称多米诺Heck羰基化反应中对映选择性低的问题,以及运用不对称Heck羰基化反应策略,高效的解决了六氢吡咯吲哚生物碱和二聚环色胺生物碱的合成问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体其合成方法和在不对称羰基化反应中的应用,属于不对称催化技术领域。
背景技术
在过去的几十年里,过渡金属催化不对称反应得到了广泛而深入的研究。在早期,这些反应大多数依赖于多齿或双齿手性配体。尽管单齿配体在不对称催化反应中应用的不断出现,但是双齿配体的主体地位仍然难以动摇(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2010,49,2486-2528)。直到1994年,Feringa教授课题组在不对称催化反应中引入了单齿的亚磷酰胺配体,化学家才将注意力逐渐转移到亚磷酰胺这类化合物上。随后,该课题组在1996到1997年,利用以BINOL为骨架的亚磷酰胺手性配体参与铜催化共轭二烯和二烷基锌试剂的不对称加成反应中取得重要突破(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.1996,35,2374-2376;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.1997,36,2620-2623)。在2000年,Feringa和de Vries课题组独立的报道了单齿的亚磷酰胺配体在不对称氢化反应中的应用,而且得到了优异的反应结果(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2000,122,11539-11540)。经过数十年的发展,事实证明,在许多不对称转化反应中使用单齿手性配体同样有效,而且它还能催化一些非单齿配体不能进行的反应(Acc.Chem.Res.2019,52,1101-1112;ACS Catal.2016,6,4814-4858)。
钯催化多米诺Heck羰基化反应在天然产物的合成中表现出非常高效的特点(Nat.Prod.Rep.2019,36,174-219)。像三苯基膦和三呋喃基膦,这些单齿膦配体在绝大多数非对称的Heck羰基化反应中表现出较高的反应活性(Nature 2019,573,563-567;J.Am.Chem.Soc.1996,118,5904-5918;J.Am.Chem.Soc.1998,120,6488-6499)。然而,到目前为止,手性单齿配体还没有在钯催化不对称羰基化反应中得到应用。主要是由于在不对称羰基化反应中,一氧化碳和手性单齿配体与钯催化剂的强烈竞争配位导致手性环境遭到严重破坏(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2017,56,4535-4539;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2016,55,9714-9718)。例如,Overman课题组早在1998年首次尝试运用钯催化不对称Heck羰基化反应合成六氢吡咯吲哚生物碱,但是由于缺乏有效的单齿手性配体,以双齿Binap为配体仅得到28%的ee值(J.Am.Chem.Soc.1998,120,6500-6503)。因此,大力发展单齿手性配体,不仅能够发展丰富的不对称Heck羰基化反应,而且还可以为天然产物的合成提供简洁高效的途径。
二聚环色胺生物碱是吲哚生物碱家族中一类重要成员,它由六氢吡咯吲哚(hexahydro-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indole,HPI)结构单元通过易断裂的C3a-C3a'σ键方式连接而成(Chem.Eur.J.2011,17,1388-1408)。HPI类型天然产物组成了一类结构多样、生物学合成途径独特的生物碱家族化合物(Chin.J.Org.Chem.2019,39,2685-2704)。科学家发现二聚环色胺生物碱(+)-WIN 64821和(-)-ditryptophenaline是人类NK1受体上P物质的竞争性拮抗剂,(+)-chaetocin A具有抗菌活性、抑制细胞生长、抑制组蛋白赖氨酸特异性甲基转移酶的作用。但是,高效合成六氢吡咯吲哚生物碱和二聚环色胺生物碱的方法仍然非常有限。
综上所述,本研究领域迫切需要发展更加实用和催化活性高的单齿手性配体,应用于不对称多米诺Heck羰基化反应,并利用不对称Heck羰基化反应的策略合成六氢吡咯吲哚生物碱,以及二聚环色胺生物碱。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一类新型单齿亚磷酰胺配体及其合成方法,并利用该单齿手性配体解决不对称多米诺Heck羰基化反应中对映选择性低的问题,以及运用不对称Heck羰基化反应策略,高效的解决了六氢吡咯吲哚生物碱和二聚环色胺生物碱的合成问题。
本发明实现过程如下:
结构通式(I)和(II)所示的手性亚磷酰胺化合物,
R1选自C6~C18的芳基或取代芳基,所述取代芳基中的取代基为C1~C6的烷基、C1~C6的烷氧基、卤素基、硝基、C6~C12的芳基;
R2选自C6~C12的芳基或取代芳基,所述的取代芳基中的取代基为C1~C6的烷基、C1~C6的烷氧基、卤素基、C2~C6的烷氧酰基、C2~C6的酯基、C1~C4的酰基、C1~C4的腈基、硝基、三氟甲基;
R3选自氢,C1~C8的烷基,C2~C8的烯基,C3~C42的芳基或杂芳基或取代芳基或取代杂芳基,所述取代芳基或取代杂芳基中的取代基为C1~C6的烷基、C1~C6的烷氧基、卤素基、硝基、C1~C4的腈基、三氟甲基、C6~C36的芳基。
进一步地,R1选自苯基、对甲基苯基、间甲基苯基、3,5-二甲基苯基、2,6-二甲基苯基、2,4,6-三甲基苯基、对叔丁基苯基、对苯基苯基、3,5-二苯基苯基、对甲氧基苯基、间甲氧基苯基、对氯苯基、邻氯苯基、对氟苯基、2,4-二氟苯基、3,5-二氟苯基、对三氟甲基苯基、间三氟甲基苯基、邻三氟甲基苯基、对甲酯基苯基、对硝基苯基、间硝基苯基、1-萘基、2-萘基、蒽基、9-菲基、对-(2-萘)苯基、对-(1-萘)苯基、间-(2-萘)苯基、3,5-二三氟甲基苯基;
R2选自对三氟甲基苯基、间三氟甲基苯基、邻三氟甲基苯基、3,5-二三氟甲基苯基、2,6-二三氟甲基苯基、对硝基苯基、间硝基苯基、邻硝基苯基、对腈基苯基、对乙酰基苯基、对甲酯基苯基、邻甲酯基苯基、对氟苯基、间氟苯基、邻氟苯基、3,5-二氟苯基、对甲氧基苯基、间甲氧基苯基、邻甲氧基苯基、3,5-二甲氧基苯基、对乙氧基苯基、间乙氧基苯基、3,5-二乙氧基苯基、对乙酰氧基苯基、3,5-二三氟甲基苄基;
R3选自氢、2-噻吩基、2-呋喃基、4-吡啶基、3-(N-甲基吲哚基)、苯基、邻三氟甲基苯基、间三氟甲基苯基、间三氟甲基苯基、3,5-二三氟甲基苯基、邻硝基苯基、间硝基苯基、对硝基苯基、对腈基苯基、邻腈基苯基、邻氟苯基、间氟苯基、对氟苯基、间氯苯基、2,4-二氯苯基、3,5-二氟苯基、邻甲氧基苯基、间甲氧基苯基、对甲氧基苯基、邻甲基苯基、间甲基苯基、对甲基苯基、2-萘基、1-萘基、3,4-二甲基苯基、3,5-二甲基苯基、3,4-二甲氧基苯基、3,5-二甲氧基苯基、3,5-二苯基苯基、3,5-二(3-甲基苯基)苯基、3,5-二(3,5-二甲基苯基)苯基、3,5-二(3,5-二甲氧基苯基)苯基、3,5-二(3,5-二苯基苯基)苯基、苯乙烯基、乙烯基、1-烯-戊烷基、丙基、丁基。
更优选的,R1是3,5-二三氟甲基苯基,R2是间三氟甲基苯基,R3是3,5-二甲基苯基。
结构通式(I)和(II)所示的手性亚磷酰胺化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(A)将(R)-3,3’-di-Br-H8-Binol或(R)-3,3’-di-I-H8-Binol,(S)-3,3’-di-Br-H8-Binol或(S)-3,3’-di-I-H8-Binol与芳基硼酸在钯催化下发生Suzuki偶联反应得到化合物A1或A2;
(B)将R2-NH2和R3-CHO发生缩合还原得到二级胺B,或者将R2-NH2和R3-CH2Br/I发生单一取代反应得到二级胺B;
(C)将二级胺B与三氯化磷反应得到中间体C,再将C与化合物A1或A2在碱性条件下偶联得到亚磷酰胺化合物(I)或(II);
结构通式(I)和(II)所示的手性亚磷酰胺化合物在不对称多米诺Heck羰基化反应中的应用。具体来说,结构式(I)或(II)所示的手性亚磷酰胺化合物L1在钯催化剂存在下,诱导氮芳基丙烯酰胺1和一氧化碳与亲核试剂发生不对称多米诺Heck羰基化反应,该反应兼容的亲核试剂Nu包括芳基硼酸或取代的芳基硼酸、芳胺或取代的芳胺、C1~C10的一级醇、苯酚或取代的芳基酚、芳基乙炔或取代的芳基乙炔,所述的取代基为卤素基、硝基、三氟甲基、C1~C6的烷基、C1~C6的烷氧基、C2~C6的酯基、C1~C4的腈基、C6~C12的芳基,C1~C6的酰基、C1~C6的酰胺基、C2~C6的酰氧基,
R4选自氢、C1~C10的烷基、C1~C10的烷氧基、卤素基、C1~C6的酯基、硝基、C1~C6的酰基、C1~C6的酰胺基、C2~C6的酰氧基;
R5选自氢、C1~C10的烷基、C3~C10的环烷基、C6~C12的芳基;
R6选自氢、C1~C6的烷基、C1~C10的烷氧基、C6~C12的芳基或取代芳基、C4~C12的杂芳基或取代杂芳基、卤素基,所述的取代基为C1~C6的烷基、C1~C6的烷氧基、卤素基、C2~C6的酯基、C1~C4的腈基、硝基、三氟甲基。底物1中的卤素独立为溴或碘。
更具体地,所述的亲核试剂为苯基硼酸、对甲基苯硼酸、对乙基苯硼酸、对异丙基苯硼酸、对叔丁基苯硼酸、对苯基苯硼酸、对甲氧基苯硼酸、对乙氧基苯硼酸、对苄氧基苯硼酸、对甲酯基苯硼酸、对乙酯基苯硼酸、对氟苯硼酸、对氯苯硼酸、对溴苯硼酸、对硝基苯硼酸、对三氟甲基苯硼酸、间甲基苯硼酸、邻甲基苯硼酸、2,6-二甲基苯硼酸、3,5-二甲基苯硼酸、2,4,6-三甲基苯硼酸、邻甲氧基苯硼酸、间甲氧基苯硼酸、邻氟苯硼酸、2,4-二氟苯硼酸、3,5-二氟苯硼酸、邻氯苯硼酸、1-萘硼酸、2-萘硼酸、9-菲基硼酸、3,5-二苯基硼酸、间氟苯硼酸、间异丙基苯硼酸;苯胺、对甲基苯胺、对甲氧基苯胺、对乙酰氧基苯胺、对叔丁氧酰胺基(NHBoc)苯胺、对氟苯胺、对氯苯胺、对溴苯胺、对甲酯基苯胺、对乙酯基苯胺、对腈基苯胺、对乙酰基苯胺、对三氟甲基苯胺、对硝基苯胺、间甲基苯胺、间甲氧基苯胺、间乙基苯胺、间异丙基苯胺、间正丁基苯胺、间叔丁基苯胺、间氯苯胺、间三氟甲基苯胺、邻甲基苯胺、1-萘胺、2-萘胺、3,4-二甲基苯胺、3,5-二甲基苯胺、3,5-二三氟甲基甲基苯胺、3,4-二氯苯胺、苄胺、环己胺、甲胺盐酸盐;甲醇、乙醇、三氟乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、六氟异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、正戊醇、正辛醇、苄醇、苯酚、对甲基苯酚、对甲氧基苯酚、对氨基苯酚、对溴苯酚、对硝基苯酚、2,4,6-三甲基酚、间氨基苯酚、邻氨基苯酚、间甲氧基苯酚、邻甲基苯酚、邻氯苯酚、邻溴苯酚、邻硝基苯酚、乙萘酚、1-萘酚,对二苯酚、邻苯二酚、2,4-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二甲氧基苯酚、间苯二酚、2-甲氧基-4-硝基苯酚、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚、4-溴-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、水杨醛;苯乙炔、对甲基苯乙炔、对甲氧基苯乙炔、对氟苯乙炔、对氯苯乙炔、对硝基苯乙炔、对腈基苯乙炔、间甲氧基苯乙炔。
上述反应中,所述的亲核试剂Nu为底物1的0.1~5.0当量,优选为0.1~3.0当量。
上述反应中,所述的一氧化碳压力为0.1~5个大气压,优选为0.1~1个大气压。
上述反应中,所述的钯催化剂为Pd2(dba)3、Pd(dba)2、醋酸钯或三氟乙酸钯,更为优选为Pd2(dba)3和三氟乙酸钯。所用的Pd2(dba)3为底物1的0.1~10mol%,三氟乙酸钯为底物1的0.1~10mol%,dba是二亚苄基丙酮。
上述反应中,所述的碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、叔丁醇钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸铯、磷酸钾、氟化铯、三乙胺、1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶。更为优选为碳酸铯和氟化铯。碳酸铯为底物1的0.1~5.0当量,氟化铯为底物1的0.1~5.0当量。
上述反应中,反应溶剂为苯、甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、均三甲苯、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、环己烷、环戊烷、正己烷。更为优选为甲苯、间二甲苯、均三甲苯。
上述反应中,反应温度为-20~120℃,优选为0℃~80℃。
上述反应中,反应时间为0.1~72小时。
通过上述反应,可以合成得到以下天然产物,
结构通式(I)和(II)所示的手性亚磷酰胺化合物可应用于六氢吡咯吲哚生物碱和二聚环色胺生物碱的合成中。
在本发明的含义中,“芳基”被理解为是指包含6至12个碳原子并且包含一个或多个稠合环的芳香烃基团,优选具有6至10个,即6,7,8,9或10个环成的芳香族烃,例如,如苯基或萘基基团。
“杂芳基”表示5-,6-,8-,9-或10-元环状芳族残基,含有至少1个,合适的话也含有2,3,4或5个杂原子(O/N/S)。比如5元杂芳基,其含有1至4个氮原子或1至3个氮原子和1个硫-或氧原子:除了碳原子以外,还可含有1至4个氮原子或1至3个氮原子和1个硫-或氧原子作为环成员的5元杂芳基,例如2-呋喃基、2-噻吩基、2-吡咯基、4-异噁唑基、4-异噻唑基、5-吡唑基、2-噁唑基、2-噻唑基、2-咪唑基、1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基、1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基。
本发明为弥补现有技术中存在的不足,提供了一类新型亚磷酰胺配体的高效合成方法,以及基于该类亚磷酰胺配体在不对称多米诺Heck羰基化反应中的应用,该反应表现出很高的对映选择性和化学选择性,较高的收率,底物范围宽,其中三类亲核试剂,包括芳基硼酸、芳胺、醇和酚都能适用于该反应体系。利用不对称多米诺Heck羰基化反应为六氢吡咯吲哚生物碱和二聚环色胺生物碱提供了高效简洁的合成方法。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体的实例对本发明上述的内容作进一步的详细说明,但本发明不局限于列举的实例。实例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件实施。
实施例1
本实施例中,详细说明本发明中手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体(L1:R1是3,5-二三氟甲基苯基,R2是间三氟甲基苯基,R3是3,5-二甲基苯基)的制备方法,其反应路线如下所示:
步骤(a):在100毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入(R)-3,3’-di-Br-H8-Binol(3.0毫摩尔,1.0当量),3,5-(CF3)2-PhB(OH)2(15.0毫摩尔,5.0当量)、醋酸钯(0.15毫摩尔,5.0mol%),二金刚烷正丁基膦(0.15毫摩尔,5.0mol%),然后再加入1,4-二氧六环30.0毫升和碳酸钾水溶液20毫升(浓度为1摩尔/升)。随后将反应放置在95℃的油浴中搅拌反应12小时。薄层色谱板对反应进行监测,当反应进行完全之后冷却至室温。用乙酸乙酯30毫升和水进行萃取一次,再用乙酸乙酯反萃取两次。合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥之后减压浓度。通过柱色谱分离得到化合物A(石油醚:二氯甲烷=50:1,体积比),产率82%,产量1.7663克。
步骤(b):在50毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入3,5-二溴苯甲醛(5.0毫摩尔,1.0当量),间三氟甲基苯胺(5.25毫摩尔,1.05当量)和硫酸镁(25毫摩尔,5.0当量)。随后反应在室温下搅拌反应2小时。向上述反应中加入20毫升的甲醇并搅拌均匀,随后将反应在冰浴中冷却至0℃。将硼氢化钠(20毫摩尔,4.0当量)分多次缓慢加入反应瓶中,该反应在室温下搅拌过夜。待反应结束后将其冷却至0℃并剧烈搅拌,用水将反应缓慢淬灭。将反应中的甲醇减压浓缩后进行萃取,干燥,柱色谱分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=100:1,体积比),得到化合物B为1.3253克,产率95%。
步骤(c):在25毫升的圆底烧瓶中将B(1.0毫摩尔,1.0当量)溶于10毫升的四氢呋喃中,依次加入三氯化磷(1.2毫摩尔,1.2当量)和三乙胺(1.5毫摩尔,1.5当量)。70℃搅拌2小时,随后将反应在冰浴中冷却至0℃。A(1.0毫摩尔,1.0当量)溶于5毫升的四氢呋喃中,再向其中加入三乙胺(1.5毫摩尔,1.5当量),将该混合物与B得到的中间体混合。将混合物加热回流2h,反应完毕后冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯和水萃取,干燥,减压浓缩,柱色谱分离,得到(L1)亚磷酰胺配体748.3毫克,产率73%。
白色固体:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.09(s,4H),7.87(s,1H),7.73(s,1H),7.27(s,1H),7.21(s,1H),7.06(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.95(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.68(s,1H),6.48(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),6.37(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.34(s,2H),4.14(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),3.43(dd,J=16.0,4.0Hz,1H),2.93(s,4H),2.72(m,2H),2.42(s,2H),2.02(s,6H),1.94-1.79(m,6H),1.77-1.57(m,2H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ144.60,144.16,143.32,143.08,139.99,139.70,139.56,139.49,137.83,136.80,135.47,135.00,131.98,131.76,131.65,131.42,131.32,131.08,130.71,130.12,129.91,129.76,129.42,129.07,128.89,128.70,128.23,125.63,125.48,125.12,124.87,124.71,124.60,122.16,122.00,121.89,120.92,120.66,120.22,49.25,29.20,29.16,27.92,27.86,22.58,22.56,22.48,22.42,20.86.高分辨质谱(ESI电离源),m/z C52H39F15NNaO2P:[M+Na]+的理论值:1048.2371,实测值:1048.2356。
实施例2
本实施例中,详细说明本发明中手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体(L2:R1是3,5-二三氟甲基苯基,R2是间三氟甲基苯基,R3是H)的制备方法,其反应路线如下所示:
步骤(a):在100毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入(R)-3,3’-di-Br-H8-Binol(3.0毫摩尔,1.0当量),3,5-(CF3)2-PhB(OH)2(15.0毫摩尔,5.0当量)、醋酸钯(0.15毫摩尔,5.0mol%),二金刚烷正丁基膦(0.15毫摩尔,5.0mol%),然后再加入1,4-二氧六环30.0毫升和碳酸钾水溶液20毫升(浓度为1摩尔/升)。随后将反应放置在95℃的油浴中搅拌反应12小时。薄层色谱板对反应进行监测,当反应进行完全之后冷却至室温。用乙酸乙酯30毫升和水进行萃取一次,再用乙酸乙酯反萃取两次。合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥之后减压浓度。通过柱色谱分离得到化合物A(石油醚:二氯甲烷=50:1,体积比),产率82%,产量1.7663克。
步骤(b):在25毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入间三氟甲基苯胺(5.0毫摩尔,1.0当量),四氢呋喃15毫升,氢化钠(1.2当量)。将反应在冰浴下搅拌并冷却至0℃,然后向反应中缓慢加入碘甲烷(1.0当量),在室温下反应4小时,待反应结束后缓慢滴加2毫升的水淬灭反应。将四氢呋喃减压蒸干,萃取,干燥,减压浓缩,柱色谱分离,得化合物B1的产量为621.3毫克,产率71%。
步骤(c):在25毫升的圆底烧瓶中将B1(1.0毫摩尔,1.0当量)溶于10毫升的四氢呋喃中,依次加入三氯化磷(1.2毫摩尔,1.2当量)和三乙胺(1.5毫摩尔,1.5当量)。70℃搅拌2小时,随后将反应在冰浴中冷却至0℃。A(1.0毫摩尔,1.0当量)溶于5毫升的四氢呋喃中,再向其中加入三乙胺(1.5毫摩尔,1.5当量),将该混合物与B1得到的中间体混合。将混合物加热回流2h,反应完毕后冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯和水萃取,干燥,减压浓缩,柱色谱分离,得到(L2)亚磷酰胺配体644.7毫克,产率70%。
实施例3
本实施例中,详细说明本发明中手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体(L3:R1是3,5-二苯基苯基,R2是邻三氟甲基苯基,R3是苯乙烯基)的制备方法,其反应路线如下所示:
步骤(a):在100毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入(R)-3,3’-di-Br-H8-Binol(3.0毫摩尔,1.0当量),3,5-(Ph)2-PhB(OH)2(15.0毫摩尔,5.0当量)、醋酸钯(0.15毫摩尔,5.0mol%),二金刚烷正丁基膦(0.15毫摩尔,5.0mol%),然后再加入1,4-二氧六环30.0毫升和碳酸钾水溶液20毫升(浓度为1摩尔/升)。随后将反应放置在95℃的油浴中搅拌反应12小时。薄层色谱板对反应进行监测,当反应进行完全之后冷却至室温。用乙酸乙酯30毫升和水进行萃取一次,再用乙酸乙酯反萃取两次。合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥之后减压浓度。通过柱色谱分离得到化合物A1(石油醚:二氯甲烷=50:1,体积比),产率84%,产量1.890克。
步骤(b):在25毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入邻三氟甲基苯胺(5.0毫摩尔,1.0当量),四氢呋喃15毫升,氢化钠(1.2当量)。将反应冰浴下搅拌并冷却至0℃,然后向反应中缓慢加入肉桂基溴(1.0当量),在室温下反应4小时,待反应结束后缓慢滴加2毫升的水淬灭反应。将四氢呋喃减压蒸干,萃取,干燥,减压浓缩,柱色谱分离,得化合物B2的产量为872.6毫克,产率63%。
步骤(c):在25毫升的圆底烧瓶中将B2(1.0毫摩尔,1.0当量)溶于10毫升的四氢呋喃中,依次加入三氯化磷(1.2毫摩尔,1.2当量)和三乙胺(1.5毫摩尔,1.5当量)。70℃搅拌2小时,随后将反应在冰浴中冷却至0℃。A1(1.0毫摩尔,1.0当量)溶于5毫升的四氢呋喃中,再向其中加入三乙胺(1.5毫摩尔,1.5当量),将该混合物与B2得到的中间体混合。将混合物加热回流2h,反应完毕后冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯和水萃取,干燥,减压浓缩,柱色谱分离,得到(L3)亚磷酰胺配体654.1毫克,产率62%。
实施例4
本实施例中,详细说明本发明中手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体(L4:R1是邻氯苯基,R2是对甲酯苯基,R3是2-呋喃基)的制备方法,其反应路线如下所示:
步骤(a):在100毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入(R)-3,3’-di-Br-H8-Binol(3.0毫摩尔,1.0当量),2-ClPhB(OH)2(15.0毫摩尔,5.0当量)、醋酸钯(0.15毫摩尔,5.0mol%),二金刚烷正丁基膦(0.15毫摩尔,5.0mol%),然后再加入1,4-二氧六环30.0毫升和碳酸钾水溶液20毫升(浓度为1摩尔/升)。随后将反应放置在95℃的油浴中搅拌反应12小时。薄层色谱板对反应进行监测,当反应进行完全之后冷却至室温。用乙酸乙酯30毫升和水进行萃取一次,再用乙酸乙酯反萃取两次。合并有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥之后减压浓度。通过柱色谱分离得到化合物A2(石油醚:二氯甲烷=50:1,体积比),产率72%,产量1.11克。
步骤(b):在50毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入3,5-二溴苯甲醛(5.0毫摩尔,1.0当量),2-醛基呋喃(5.25毫摩尔,1.05当量)和硫酸镁(25毫摩尔,5.0当量)。随后反应在室温下搅拌反应2小时。向上述反应中加入20毫升的甲醇并搅拌均匀,随后将反应在冰浴中冷却至0℃。将硼氢化钠(20毫摩尔,4.0当量)分多次缓慢加入反应瓶中,该反应在室温下搅拌过夜。待反应结束后将其冷却至0℃并剧烈搅拌,用水将反应缓慢淬灭。将反应中的甲醇减压浓缩后进行萃取,干燥,柱色谱分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=100:1,体积比),得到化合物B3为1.016克,产率88%。
步骤(c):在25毫升的圆底烧瓶中将B3(1.0毫摩尔,1.0当量)溶于10毫升的四氢呋喃中,依次加入三氯化磷(1.2毫摩尔,1.2当量)和三乙胺(1.5毫摩尔,1.5当量)。70℃搅拌2小时,随后将反应在冰浴中冷却至0℃。A2(1.0毫摩尔,1.0当量)溶于5毫升的四氢呋喃中,再向其中加入三乙胺(1.5毫摩尔,1.5当量),将该混合物与B3得到的中间体混合。将混合物加热回流2h,反应完毕后冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯和水萃取,干燥,减压浓缩,柱色谱分离,得到(L4)亚磷酰胺配体510.8毫克,产率66%。
按照实施例1-4的类似合成步骤,改变反应原料可合成得到表1所示L5~L100化合物。
表1采用本发明方法可合成得到的手性亚磷酰胺配体
实施例5
本实施例中,详细说明本发明中手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体(L1)在钯催化不对称多米诺Heck羰基化Suzuki反应中的应用,以底物1c和苯基硼酸的反应为例,其过程如下所述:
在10毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入底物1c(0.1毫摩尔,1.0当量)、苯基硼酸(1.5当量)、碳酸铯(2.0当量),亚磷酰胺配体L1(20mol%),1.0毫克的三氟乙酸钯,1.6毫升的均三甲苯。用混合气体(CO:Ar=1:6)将反应中的空气置换,之后置于60℃的油浴中搅拌48小时。待反应结束后冷却至室温,在通风厨中缓慢放掉混合气体。反应混合物直接用柱色谱进行分离,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯(10:1,体积比)将3ca洗脱出来。得到3ca的质量35.8毫克,产率为86%,90%的ee值(对映体过量)。
无色液体,[α]D20=-100.2(c=1.94,CHCl3),1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.89(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.53(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.46-7.39(m,4H),7.33-7.24(m,9H),7.17(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.99(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.76(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.10(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),4.92(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),4.22(d,J=18.0Hz,1H),4.17(d,J=18.0Hz,1H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ195.62,178.63,143.83,139.72,136.34,136.04,133.24,131.67,128.72,128.63,128.50,128.19,128.00,127.57,127.33,127.16,126.71,123.97,122.25,109.53,53.24,46.63,44.21.高分辨质谱(ESI电离源),m/z C29H23NNaO2:[M+Na]+的理论值:440.1621,实测值:440.1633.
ee值由高效液相测定。测试条件:大赛璐手性IC柱(规格:4.6x250 mm),进样量:5μL,柱温箱:30℃,流动相极性:正己烷/异丙醇=50/50,流速:0.7毫升/分钟,紫外灯波长:254nm,保留时间(少)=11.49分钟,保留时间(多)=13.39分钟。
实施例6
本实施例中,详细说明本发明中手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体(L1)在钯催化不对称多米诺Heck羰基化Suzuki反应中的应用,以底物1j和苯基硼酸的反应为例,其过程如下所述:
在10毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入底物1j(0.1毫摩尔,1.0当量)、苯基硼酸(1.5当量)、碳酸铯(2.0当量),亚磷酰胺配体L1(20mol%),1.0毫克的三氟乙酸钯,1.6毫升的均三甲苯。用混合气体(CO:Ar=1:6)将反应中的空气置换,之后置于60℃的油浴中搅拌48小时。待反应结束后冷却至室温,在通风厨中缓慢放掉混合气体。反应混合物直接用柱色谱进行分离,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯(10:1,体积比)将3ja洗脱出来。得到3ja的质量30.8毫克,产率为80%,97%的ee值。
无色液体,[α]D20=-184.3(c=1.44,CHCl3),1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.86-7.84(m,2H),7.52(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.46-7.44(m,2H),7.39(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.33-7.25(m,3H),6.91-6.89(m,1H),6.83(d,J=1.2Hz,2H),4.14(d,J=18.0Hz,1H),4.08(d,J=18.0Hz,1H),3.98-3.93(m 2H),3.26(s,3H),1.35(t,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ195.71,178.31,154.92,139.46,138.27,136.27,133.22,132.87,128.64,128.48,127.95,127.50,126.67,112.70,112.67,108.58,63.94,53.46,46.86,26.79,14.81.高分辨质谱(ESI电离源),m/zC25H23NNaO3:[M+Na]+的理论值:408.1570,实测值:408.1583.
ee值由高效液相测定。测试条件:大赛璐手性IA柱(规格:4.6x250 mm),进样量:5μL,柱温箱:30℃,流动相极性:正己烷/异丙醇=50/50,流速:0.7毫升/分钟,紫外灯波长:254nm,保留时间(多)=8.16分钟,保留时间(少)=10.04分钟。
选择不同底物的产率及ee值数据见表2,但底物范围不局限于表2。
表2不同底物1与苯基硼酸的不对称Heck羰基化Suzuki反应数据
实施例7
本实施例中,详细说明本发明中手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体(L1)在钯催化不对称多米诺Heck羰基化Suzuki反应中的应用,以底物1a和对叔丁基苯基硼酸的反应为例,其过程如下所述:
在10毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入底物1a(0.1毫摩尔,1.0当量)、苯基硼酸(1.5当量)、碳酸铯(2.0当量),亚磷酰胺配体L1(20mol%),1.0毫克的三氟乙酸钯,1.6毫升的均三甲苯。用混合气体(CO:Ar=1:6)将反应中的空气置换,之后置于60℃的油浴中搅拌48小时。待反应结束后冷却至室温,在通风厨中缓慢放掉混合气体。反应混合物直接用柱色谱进行分离,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯(10:1,体积比)将3af洗脱出来。得到3af的质量32.2毫克,产率为81%,92%的ee值。
无色液体,[α]D24=-157.0(c=2.08,CHCl3),1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.86(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.52(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.47(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.39-7.30(m,5H),7.09(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.99(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.24(d,J=18.0Hz,1H),4.13(d,J=17.6Hz,1H),3.34(s,3H),1.37(s,9H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ195.28,178.58,156.88,144.73,139.60,133.76,131.55,128.57,128.25,127.87,127.41,126.68,125.36,124.02,122.05,108.34,53.04,46.82,34.99,30.95,26.63.高分辨质谱(ESI电离源),m/z C27H27NNaO2:[M+Na]+的理论值:420.1934,实测值420.1944.
ee值由高效液相测定。测试条件:大赛璐手性IA柱(规格:4.6x250 mm),进样量:5μL,柱温箱:30℃,流动相极性:正己烷/异丙醇=50/50,流速:0.7毫升/分钟,紫外灯波长:254nm,保留时间(多)=11.45分钟,保留时间(少)=14.44分钟。
底物1a和其它的芳基硼酸的不对称Heck羰基化Suzuki反应数据见表3,但芳基硼酸的范围不局限于表3。
表3底物1a与芳基硼酸的不对称Heck羰基化Suzuki反应数据
序号 | Ar | 产物编号 | 产率(%) | ee(%) |
1 | 4-MeC6H4 | 3ab | 78 | 91 |
2 | 3-MeC6H4 | 3ac | 80 | 90 |
3 | 2-MeC6H4 | 3ad | 81 | 92 |
4 | 4-EtC6H4 | 3ae | 85 | 92 |
5 | 4-tBuC6H4 | 3af | 81 | 92 |
6 | 4-PhC6H4 | 3ag | 72 | 92 |
7 | 4-MeOC6H4 | 3ah | 77 | 94 |
8 | 4-EtOC6H4 | 3ai | 81 | 92 |
9 | 4-BnOC6H4 | 3aj | 79 | 94 |
10 | 4-FC6H4 | 3ak | 79 | 93 |
11 | 4-ClC6H4 | 3al | 86 | 89 |
12 | 4-BrC6H4 | 3am | 84 | 85 |
13 | 1-naphthyl | 3an | 83 | 91 |
14 | 2-naphthyl | 3no | 80 | 90 |
15 | 9-phenanthryl | 3ap | 82 | 85 |
实施例8
本实施例中,详细说明本发明中手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体(L1)在钯催化不对称多米诺Heck插羰基酰胺化反应中的应用,以底物1s和对甲基苯胺的反应为例,其反应过程如下所述:
在10毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入底物1s(0.1毫摩尔,1.0当量)、对甲基苯胺(2.0当量)、氟化铯(3.0当量),亚磷酰胺配体L1(15mol%,15.4毫克),2.0毫克的三氟乙酸钯,1.6毫升的均三甲苯。用混合气体将反应瓶中空气置换后放置于60℃的油浴中搅拌48小时。待反应结束后冷却至室温,在通风厨中缓慢放掉混合气体。反应的混合物直接用柱色谱进行分离,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯(3:1~1:1)将5j洗脱出来。得到5j的质量34.6毫克,产率为79%,93%的ee值。
白色固体:[α]D16=+14.8(c=2.26,CHCl3),1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ8.05(s,1H),7.57(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.29-7.25(m,5H),7.10(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.95(dd,J=14.8,8.4Hz,3H),3.51(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),3.26(s,3H),3.21(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),2.23(s,3H);13CNMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ178.83,166.52,146.86,138.33,134.71,134.08,132.38,129.30,129.00,127.96,126.37(q,JCF=3.8Hz),126.30,125.20(q,JCF=33.4Hz)121.28(q,JCF=3.8Hz),120.41,108.42,53.95,44.56,26.87,20.75.高分辨质谱(ESI电离源),m/zC25H21F3N2NaO2:[M+Na]+的理论值:461.1447,实测值:461.1461。
ee值由高效液相测定。测试条件:大赛璐手性IA柱(规格:4.6x250 mm),进样量:5μL,柱温箱:30℃,流动相极性:正己烷/异丙醇=50/50,流速:0.8毫升/分钟,紫外灯波长:254nm,保留时间(多)=5.72分钟,保留时间(少)=6.75分钟。
不同底物数据见表4,但底物范围不局限于表4。
表4不同底物1和对甲基苯胺的不对称Heck插羰基酰胺化反应数据
序号 | R4 | 产物编号 | 产率(%) | ee(%) |
1 | H | 5a | 61 | 88 |
2 | 4-Me | 5b | 67 | 96 |
3 | 4-tBu | 5c | 72 | 95 |
4 | 4,5-diMe | 5d | 62 | 96 |
5 | 4-OMe | 5e | 77 | 94 |
6 | 4,5-diOMe | 5f | 71 | 97 |
7 | 4-F | 5g | 68 | 88 |
8 | 4-Cl | 5h | 73 | 93 |
9 | 4-Br | 5i | 81 | 91 |
10 | 4-CF3 | 5j | 79 | 93 |
实施例9
本实施例中,详细说明本发明中手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体(L1)在钯催化不对称多米诺Heck插羰基酰胺化反应中的应用,以底物1d和对乙酰氧基苯胺的反应为例,其反应过程如下所述:
在10毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入底物1d(0.1毫摩尔,1.0当量)、对乙酰氧基苯胺(2.0当量)、氟化铯(3.0当量),亚磷酰胺配体L1(15mol%,15.4毫克),2.0毫克的三氟乙酸钯,1.6毫升的均三甲苯。用混合气体将反应瓶中空气置换后放置于60℃的油浴中搅拌48小时。待反应结束后冷却至室温,在通风厨中缓慢放掉混合气体。反应的混合物直接用柱色谱进行分离,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯(3:1~1:1)将5q洗脱出来。得到5q的质量35.1毫克,产率为82%,95%的ee值。
白色固体,[α]D24=+112.3(c=1.99,CHCl3),1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ9.03(s,1H),7.38-7.35(m,2H),7.33-7.27(m,4H),7.24(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.11-7.08(m,2H),6.91(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.78(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),3.46(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),3.28(s,3H),3.17(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),2.31(s,3H),2.25(s,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ179.30,169.59,167.02,146.55,140.24,139.05,135.61,132.99,132.09,128.94,127.68,126.18,125.04,121.69,120.86,108.50,54.45,44.87,26.73,21.21,21.02。
ee值由高效液相测定。测试条件:大赛璐手性IA柱(规格:4.6x250 mm),进样量:5μL,柱温箱:30℃,流动相极性:正己烷/异丙醇=50/50,流速:0.8毫升/分钟,紫外灯波长:254nm,保留时间(多)=8.78分钟,保留时间(少)=15.84分钟。
不同底物数据见表5,但底物范围不局限于表5。
表5底物1d和芳胺的不对称Heck插羰基酰胺化反应数据
实施例10
本实施例中,详细说明本发明中手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体(L1)在钯催化不对称多米诺Heck插羰基酯化反应中的应用,以底物1d和苯酚的反应为例,其反应过程如下所述:
在10毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入底物1d(0.1毫摩尔,1.0当量)、苯酚(2.0当量)、碳酸铯(2.0当量),亚磷酰胺配体L1(20mol%,20.5毫克),2.0毫克的三氟乙酸钯,1.6毫升的均三甲苯。用混合气体将反应瓶中空气进行置换。反应放置于60℃的油浴中搅拌48小时。待反应结束后冷却至室温,在通风厨中缓慢放掉混合气体。反应的混合物直接用柱色谱进行分离,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯(3:1)将6c洗脱出来。得到6c的质量30.8毫克,产率为83%,96%的ee值。
无色液体,[[α]D16=-108.3(c=2.25,CHCl3),1H NMR(CDCl3,600MHz)δ7.38(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.31(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.28-7.22(m,4H),7.17(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.12(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),6.80(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.64(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),3.80(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),3.46(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),3.17(s,3H),2.38(s,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,150MHz)δ177.63,168.19,150.19,142.28,139.10,132.13,130.74,129.26,129.11,128.70,127.67,126.60,125.79,125.57,121.22,108.28,53.43,42.16,26.67,21.19.高分辨质谱(ESI电离源),m/zC24H21NNaO3:[M+Na]+的理论值:394.1414,实测值:394.1412.
ee值由高效液相测定。测试条件:大赛璐手性IA柱(规格:4.6x250 mm),进样量:5μL,柱温箱:30℃,流动相极性:正己烷/异丙醇=50/50,流速:0.8毫升/分钟,紫外灯波长:254nm,保留时间(多)=7.41分钟,保留时间(少)=9.19分钟。
实施例11
本实施例中,详细说明本发明中手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体(L1)在钯催化不对称多米诺Heck插羰基酯化反应中的应用,以底物1d和苯甲醇的反应为例,其反应过程如下所述:
在10毫升的圆底烧瓶中依次加入底物1d(0.1毫摩尔,1.0当量)、苯甲醇(2.0当量)、碳酸铯(2.0当量),亚磷酰胺配体L1(20mol%,20.5毫克),2.0毫克的三氟乙酸钯,1.6mL的均三甲苯。用混合气体将反应瓶中空气进行置换。反应放置于60℃的油浴中搅拌48小时。待反应结束后冷却至室温,在通风厨中缓慢放掉混合气体。反应的混合物直接用柱色谱进行分离,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯(3:1)将6e洗脱出来。得到6e的质量32.4毫克,产率为84%,95%的ee值。
无色液体,[α]D24=-132.1(c=2.73,CHCl3),1H NMR(CDCl3,600MHz)δ7.31-7.26(m,6H),7.25-7.21(m,2H),7.11(dd,J=7.8,1.2Hz,1H),7.07(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),7.05(q,J=6.0,2.4Hz,2H),6.68(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.86-4.82(m,2H),3.61(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),3.28(d,J=16.2Hz,1H),2.99(s,3H),2.33(s,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,150MHz)δ177.75,169.41,142.06,139.30,135.23,131.88,130.91,128.85,128.59,128.40,128.30,128.14,127.50,126.51,125.23,108.18,66.45,53.29,41.94,26.36,21.16.高分辨质谱(ESI电离源),m/zC25H23NNaO3:[M+Na]+的理论值:408.1570,实测值:408.1585.
ee值由高效液相测定。测试条件:大赛璐手性IA柱(规格:4.6x250 mm),进样量:5μL,柱温箱:30℃,流动相极性:正己烷/异丙醇=50/50,流速:0.8毫升/分钟,紫外灯波长:254nm,保留时间(多)=6.39分钟,保留时间(少)=9.19分钟。
其它底物数据见表6,但底物范围不局限于表6。
表6不同底物1和醇或酚的不对称Heck插羰基酯化反应数据
序号 | R4 | R’ | 产物编号 | 产率(%) | ee(%) |
1 | Me | Me | 6a | 89 | 92 |
2 | Me | Et | 6b | 72 | 91 |
3 | Me | Ph | 6c | 83 | 96 |
4 | Me | 2-CHO-Ph | 6d | 62 | 94 |
5 | Me | Bn | 6e | 84 | 95 |
6 | OMe | Bn | 6f | 71 | 95 |
7 | Cl | Bn | 6g | 76 | 91 |
8 | Br | Bn | 6h | 72 | 91 |
实施例12
本实施例中,详细说明本发明中手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体(L1)在钯催化不对称多米诺Heck插羰基酯化反应中的应用,并运用该不对称Heck羰基化反应,以6i为例合成了两种六氢吡咯吲哚生物碱。其反应路径如下所述:
在25毫升的圆底烧瓶中,依次加入底物1y(1.0毫摩尔,1.0当量),苯甲醇(2.0当量),碳酸铯(2.0当量),亚磷酰胺配体L1(6mol%,61.5毫克),10毫克的三氟乙酸钯,6mL的均三甲苯。用一氧化碳气体将反应瓶中的空气进行置换。反应放置于0℃的低温反应器中搅拌24小时。待反应结束后,在通风厨中缓慢放掉混合气体。反应的混合物直接用柱色谱进行分离,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯(3:1)将6i洗脱出来。得到6i的质量274.6毫克,产率为81%,91%的ee值。
无色液体,[α]D20=+32.0(c=1.33,CHCl3),1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.29(d,3H),7.09(s,2H),6.83(s,1H),6.79(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),6.66(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.91-4.82(m,2H),3.78(s,3H),3.10(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),3.04(s,3H),2.88(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),1.37(s,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ179.20,169.38,155.78,136.93,135.22,134.00,128.31,128.18,128.03,112.04,109.90,108.35,66.26,55.62,45.84,41.55,26.07,24.43.高分辨质谱(ESI电离源),m/zC20H21NNaO4:[M+Na]+的理论值:362.1363,实测值:362.1359。
ee值由高效液相测定。测试条件:大赛璐手性IC柱(规格:4.6x250 mm),进样量:5μL,柱温箱:30℃,流动相极性:正己烷/异丙醇=50/50,流速:0.8毫升/分钟,紫外灯波长:254nm,保留时间(多)=13.76分钟,保留时间(少)=21.95分钟。
将0.4毫摩尔的6i溶于8毫升的四氢呋喃中,再加入1.2当量的四氢铝锂(LiAlH4)。室温搅拌反应2小时之后用1毫升的水将反应淬灭。对反应进行萃取、干燥、减压浓缩,柱色谱分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:1,体积比),得到化合物7为80.6毫克,产率为92%,91%的ee值。
无色液体,[α]D22=+79.1(c=0.23,CHCl3),1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ6.69-6.65(m,2H),6.29(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.03(s,1H),3.94(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),3.75(s,3H),3.50-3.44(m,1H),2.88(s,3H),2.15-2.11(m,1H),2.08-2.00(m,1H),1.44(s,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ152.69,144.86,136.00,112.10,110.40,105.56,105.28,67.37,56.02,52.44,41.40,31.61,24.44.高分辨质谱(ESI电离源),m/z C13H17NNaO2:[M+Na]+的理论值:242.1152,实测值:242.1160。
ee值由高效液相测定。测试条件:大赛璐手性IA柱(规格:4.6x250 mm),进样量:5μL,柱温箱:30℃,流动相极性:正己烷/异丙醇=95/5,流速:1毫升/分钟,紫外灯波长:254nm,保留时间(多)=4.49分钟,保留时间(少)=4.81分钟。
在10毫升的耐压管中加入0.4毫摩尔的6i,然后加入甲胺的甲醇溶液1毫升(质量分数为33%)。将耐压管封好后,放置于80℃的油浴中反应36小时,发生苄酯和甲胺的交换反应。待反应结束后,放置冷却至室温。减压浓缩后进行柱色谱分离(乙酸乙酯:甲醇=15:1,体积比)。得到94.3毫克的化合物8,产率为90%。
白色固体,[α]D18=+25.9(c=5.44,CHCl3),1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ6.87(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),6.79-6.73(m,2H),6.62(br s,1H),3.77(s,3H),3.20(s,3H),2.75(d,J=14.8Hz,1H),2.67-2.63(m,4H),1.38(s,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ180.24,169.59,155.96,136.23,134.80,111.96,110.14,108.42,55.62,46.23,43.32,26.32,26.01,23.48.HRMS calcd(ESI)m/zfor C14H18N2NaO3:[M+Na]+285.1210,found 285.1207.
将0.36毫摩尔的8溶于5毫升的四氢呋喃中,再加入1.5当量的四氢铝锂(LiAlH4)。室温搅拌反应5小时。待反应结束后,用2毫升的水将反应淬灭。再对反应进行萃取、干燥、减压浓缩,柱色谱分离(乙酸乙酯:甲醇=10:1),得到化合物9为43.4毫克,产率为52%,91%的ee值。
无色液体,[α]D22=+98.0(c=0.40,CHCl3),1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ6.67-6.63(m,2H),6.36(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.05(s,1H),3.75(s,3H),2.89(s,3H),2.74-2.69(m,1H),2.67-2.61(m,1H),2.53(s,3H),1.96-1.93(m,2H),1.43(s,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ152.96,146.53,138.22,112.17,109.79,107.48,98.30,56.02,53.18,52.77,40.78,38.10,37.99,27.41.HRMS calcd(ESI)m/z for C14H20N2NaO:[M+Na]+255.1468,found255.1461。
ee值由高效液相测定。测试条件:大赛璐手性IC柱(规格:4.6x250 mm),进样量:5μL,柱温箱:30℃,流动相极性:正己烷/异丙醇=50/50,流速:0.8毫升/分钟,紫外灯波长:254nm,保留时间(多)=6.88分钟,保留时间(少)=7.98分钟。
六氢吡咯吲哚7和9通过简单转化可以生成相应的囊毒碱和毒扁豆碱,已经有许多文献报道,后续的转化参照文献步骤进行:J.Am.Chem.Soc.1998,120,6500-6503;J.Org.Chem.1991,56,5982-5990。
实施例13
本实施例中,详细说明本发明中手性单齿亚磷酰胺配体(L1)在钯催化不对称多米诺Heck插羰基酯基化反应中的应用,并运用该不对称Heck羰基化反应,以6j为例合成了二聚环色胺生物碱((+)-Folicanthine)。其反应路径如下所述:
在10毫升的圆底烧瓶中,依次加入底物1z(0.2毫摩尔,1.0当量),甲醇40μL,碳酸铯(2.0当量),亚磷酰胺配体L1(10mol%,20.5毫克),2.7毫克的三氟乙酸钯,3.2毫升的均三甲苯。用一氧化碳气体将反应瓶中的空气进行置换。反应放置于0℃的低温反应器中搅拌24小时。待反应结束后,在通风厨中缓慢放掉混合气体。反应的混合物直接用柱色谱进行分离,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯(3:1)将6j洗脱出来。得到6j的质量49.4毫克,产率为71%,90%的ee值。
无色液体,[α]D22=-174.1(c=1.67,CHCl3),1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.39(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.35(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.28-7.22(m,2H),7.16(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.06(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.99(t,J=7.6Hz,1H),6.94(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.79(s,1H),3.81(d,J=16.4Hz,1H),3.68(s,3H),3.46(s,3H),3.33(d,J=16.0Hz,1H),3.28(s,3H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ177.93,170.08,144.47,137.60,131.53,128.46,127.10,125.40,123.70,122.23,121.78,120.67,119.33,112.78,109.36,108.07,51.47,49.52,40.52,32.62,26.47.高分辨质谱(ESI电离源),m/z for C21H20N2NaO3:[M+Na]+的理论值:371.1366,实测值:371.1354。
ee值由高效液相测定。测试条件:大赛璐手性IB柱(规格:4.6x250 mm),进样量:5μL,柱温箱:30℃,流动相极性:正己烷/异丙醇=50/50,流速:1毫升/分钟,紫外灯波长:254nm,保留时间(多)=7.96分钟,保留时间(少)=19.67分钟。
将0.7毫摩尔的6j溶于30毫升的冰乙酸中,把该混合物逐滴加入到DMSO(180微升)和浓盐酸(1.2毫升)的混合液中。该反应在室温下反应2小时后用饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取三次(20毫升x3)。合并有机层、干燥后减压浓缩得到粗品。将得到的粗品溶于20mL的甲苯中,依次加入四正丁基硫酸氢胺(0.5毫摩尔),氢氧化钠水溶液(质量分数为50%,1毫升)。将溴乙酸甲酯(214.2毫克,1.4毫摩尔)的甲苯(20毫升)溶液加入到反应瓶中,搅拌1小时后,用乙酸乙酯萃取三次(20毫升x 3)。合并有机层,干燥、减压浓缩,柱色谱分离(石油醚:乙酸乙酯=3:1,体积比)。得到235.0毫克的化合物10,从6j到化合物10两步反应产率为77%,重结晶后ee值为98%。
白色固体,[α]D20=+35.9(c=1.55,CHCl3),1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.01(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),6.81(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.40(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),4.04(d,J=16.0Hz,2H),3.34(s,6H),3.21(d,J=16.0Hz,2H),3.09(s,6H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ176.45,170.19,143.76,128.71,126.71,122.55,121.32,107.25,52.24,51.46,33.66,25.69.高分辨质谱(ESI电离源),m/zC24H24N2NaO6:[M+Na]+的理论值:459.1527,实测值:459.1523。
ee值由高效液相测定。测试条件:大赛璐手性ID柱(规格:4.6x250 mm),进样量:5μL,柱温箱:30℃,流动相极性:正己烷/异丙醇=50/50,流速:0.8毫升/分钟,紫外灯波长:254nm,保留时间(多)=34.56分钟,保留时间(少)=40.91分钟。
在10毫升的耐压管中加入0.54毫摩尔的化合物10,然后加入甲胺的甲醇溶液2毫升(质量分数为33%)。将耐压管放置于80℃的油浴中反应48小时,发生甲酯和甲胺的交换反应。待反应结束后,放置冷却至室温。先用滤纸将反应进行过滤,用乙酸乙酯洗涤滤饼,晾干滤饼。滤液减压浓缩后进行柱色谱分离(乙酸乙酯:甲醇=6:1,体积比)。共得到210.9毫克的化合物11,产率为90%。
白色固体,[α]D24=+84(c=0.45,MeOH),1H NMR(DMSO,400MHz)δ7.85-7.83(m,2H),6.94(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.81(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.73(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.45(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),3.68(d,J=15.2Hz,2H),2.93(s,6H),2.84(d,J=15.2Hz,2H),2.22(d,J=4.4Hz,6H).高分辨质谱(ESI电离源),m/z C24H26N4NaO4:[M+Na]+的理论值:457.1846,实测值:457.1843。
将130.2毫克的化合物11溶于四氢呋喃(70毫升)中,加入二异丙基氨基锂(LDA,0.75毫摩尔,2.5当量)。在室温搅拌1小时,然后将反应的温度降低到-30℃,在该温度下加入5.0毫升的二异丁基铝氢,半小时后将反应放在室温下搅拌24小时。向反应中加入5毫升的饱和酒石酸钾钠,再搅拌3小时。反应结束后,把反应的有机相分离出来,并对水层用乙酸乙酯进行萃取。合并有机层,对其进行干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品。将粗品溶于20毫升二氯甲烷中,之后向反应中加入质量分数为5%碳酸氢钠水溶液,分离有机相,干燥,减压浓缩,柱色谱分离(乙酸乙酯:甲醇=20:1),得到单环化的化合物12(17.5毫克,产率为14%)和化合物13(45.8毫克,产率为38%)。
4.6毫克的四氢铝锂(LiAlH4)加入3.0毫升的四氢呋喃中,并将其加入到化合物12的溶液中(17.5毫克溶于1.0毫升的四氢呋喃中)。在室温反应5小时之后用0.5毫升的水进行淬灭。减压浓缩,柱色谱分离(乙酸乙酯:甲醇=20:1),得到化合物13为8.4毫克,产率为50%。
从化合物11到化合物13的总产率是45%,总共得到化合物13是54.2毫克。
白色固体,1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.20(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.12(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.76(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),6.46(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),4.39(s,2H),3.05-3.01(m,8H),2.82(d,J=17.2Hz,2H),2.72(s,6H);13C NMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ171.65,149.49,130.29,129.95,124.41,118.81,107.37,87.23,53.90,39.25,34.30,28.28.高分辨质谱(ESI电离源),m/zC24H26N4NaO2:[M+Na]+的理论值:425.1948,实测值:425.1953。
将54.2毫克的化合物13溶于1.0毫升甲苯中,70%的红铝溶液(2.6毫摩尔)稀释于1.0毫升甲苯中。再将稀释的红铝加入化合物13的溶液中,室温下反应5小时。反应结束后用2.0毫升的丙酮淬灭反应,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取,减压浓缩,柱色谱分离(乙酸乙酯:甲醇=4:1,加入少量的饱和氨水溶液)。得到化合物二聚环色胺(+)-Folicanthine为29.2毫克,产率为60%。
从起始原料N-芳基丙烯酰胺(1z)到二聚环色胺(+)-Folicanthine,共经历六步反应,总产率为13.3%。(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2012,51,1046-1050;J.Am.Chem.Soc.1994,116,9480-9486;J.Am.Chem.Soc.2018,140,10099-10103)
白色固体,1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz)δ7.01-6.93(m,4H),6.52(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),6.28(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),4.40(s,2H),3.02(s,6H),2.66(s,2H),2.50-2.43(m,10H),2.03-1.97(m,2H);13CNMR(CDCl3,100MHz)δ152.86,132.81,127.99,116.55,105.75,91.84,62.59,52.57,37.87,35.25.高分辨质谱(ESI电离源),m/z C24H30N4Na:[M+Na]+的理论值:397.2363,实测值:397.2365。
该方法还适用于下列天然产物的合成,
Claims (10)
1.结构式(I)和(II)所示的手性亚磷酰胺化合物,
R1是3,5-二三氟甲基苯基,R2是间三氟甲基苯基,R3是3,5-二甲基苯基。
2.权利要求1所述化合物的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(A)将(R)-3,3’-di-Br-H8-Binol或(R)-3,3’-di-I-H8-Binol,(S)-3,3’-di-Br-H8-Binol或(S)-3,3’-di-I-H8-Binol与芳基硼酸在钯催化下发生Suzuki偶联反应得到化合物A1或A2;
(B)将R2-NH2和R3-CHO发生缩合还原得到二级胺B,或者将R2-NH2和R3-CH2Br/I发生单一取代反应得到二级胺B;
(C)将二级胺B与三氯化磷反应得到中间体C,再将C与化合物A1或A2在碱性条件下偶联得到亚磷酰胺化合物(I)或(II);
3.权利要求1所述化合物在不对称多米诺Heck羰基化反应中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于:结构式(I)或(II)所示的手性亚磷酰胺化合物L1在钯催化剂存在下,诱导氮芳基丙烯酰胺1和一氧化碳与亲核试剂发生不对称多米诺Heck羰基化反应,该反应兼容的亲核试剂Nu选自芳基硼酸或取代的芳基硼酸、芳胺或取代的芳胺、C1~C10的一级醇、苯酚或取代的芳基酚、芳基乙炔或取代的芳基乙炔,所述的取代基为卤素基、硝基、三氟甲基、C1~C6的烷基、C1~C6的烷氧基、C2~C6的酯基、C1~C4的腈基、C6~C12的芳基,C1~C6的酰基、C1~C6的酰胺基、C2~C6的酰氧基,
R4选自氢、C1~C10的烷基、C1~C10的烷氧基、卤素基、C1~C6的酯基、硝基、C1~C6的酰基、C1~C6的酰胺基、C2~C6的酰氧基;
R5选自氢、C1~C10的烷基、C3~C10的环烷基、C6~C12的芳基;
R6选自氢、C1~C6的烷基、C1~C10的烷氧基、C6~C12的芳基或取代芳基、C4~C12的杂芳基或取代杂芳基、卤素基,所述的取代基为C1~C6的烷基、C1~C6的烷氧基、卤素基、C2~C6的酯基、C1~C4的腈基、硝基、三氟甲基。
5.根据权利要求4所述应用,其特征在于:所述的亲核试剂为苯基硼酸、对甲基苯硼酸、对乙基苯硼酸、对异丙基苯硼酸、对叔丁基苯硼酸、对苯基苯硼酸、对甲氧基苯硼酸、对乙氧基苯硼酸、对甲酯基苯硼酸、对乙酯基苯硼酸、对氟苯硼酸、对氯苯硼酸、对溴苯硼酸、对硝基苯硼酸、对三氟甲基苯硼酸、间甲基苯硼酸、邻甲基苯硼酸、2,6-二甲基苯硼酸、3,5-二甲基苯硼酸、2,4,6-三甲基苯硼酸、邻甲氧基苯硼酸、间甲氧基苯硼酸、邻氟苯硼酸、2,4-二氟苯硼酸、3,5-二氟苯硼酸、邻氯苯硼酸、1-萘硼酸、2-萘硼酸、9-菲基硼酸、3,5-二苯基硼酸、间氟苯硼酸、间异丙基苯硼酸;苯胺、对甲基苯胺、对甲氧基苯胺、对乙酰氧基苯胺、对氟苯胺、对氯苯胺、对溴苯胺、对甲酯基苯胺、对乙酯基苯胺、对腈基苯胺、对乙酰基苯胺、对三氟甲基苯胺、对硝基苯胺、间甲基苯胺、间甲氧基苯胺、间乙基苯胺、间异丙基苯胺、间正丁基苯胺、间叔丁基苯胺、间氯苯胺、间三氟甲基苯胺、邻甲基苯胺、1-萘胺、2-萘胺、3,4-二甲基苯胺、3,5-二甲基苯胺、3,5-二三氟甲基苯胺、3,4-二氯苯胺;甲醇、乙醇、三氟乙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、正戊醇、正辛醇、苄醇、苯酚、对甲基苯酚、对甲氧基苯酚、对溴苯酚、对硝基苯酚、2,4,6-三甲基酚、间甲氧基苯酚、邻甲基苯酚、邻氯苯酚、邻溴苯酚、邻硝基苯酚、乙萘酚、1-萘酚,2,4-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二甲氧基苯酚、2-甲氧基-4-硝基苯酚、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚、4-溴-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、水杨醛;苯乙炔、对甲基苯乙炔、对甲氧基苯乙炔、对氟苯乙炔、对氯苯乙炔、对硝基苯乙炔、对腈基苯乙炔、间甲氧基苯乙炔。
6.根据权利要求4所述应用,其特征在于:所述的钯催化剂为Pd2(dba)3、Pd(dba)2、醋酸钯或三氟乙酸钯。
7.根据权利要求4所述应用,其特征在于:所述的碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、叔丁醇钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸铯、磷酸钾、氟化铯、三乙胺、1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶。
8.根据权利要求4所述应用,其特征在于:反应溶剂为苯、甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、均三甲苯、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、环己烷、环戊烷、正己烷。
9.根据权利要求4所述应用,其特征在于:合成得到以下天然产物,
10.权利要求1所述化合物在六氢吡咯吲哚生物碱和二聚环色胺生物碱合成中的应用。
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