WO2023077643A1 - 一种手性多齿配体及其在不对称氢化的应用 - Google Patents

一种手性多齿配体及其在不对称氢化的应用 Download PDF

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WO2023077643A1
WO2023077643A1 PCT/CN2021/141933 CN2021141933W WO2023077643A1 WO 2023077643 A1 WO2023077643 A1 WO 2023077643A1 CN 2021141933 W CN2021141933 W CN 2021141933W WO 2023077643 A1 WO2023077643 A1 WO 2023077643A1
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稂琪伟
肖阳
丁小兵
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凯特立斯（深圳）科技有限公司
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a chiral multidentate ligand and its application in asymmetric hydrogenation reaction, belonging to fine chemical industry
  • R-configuration right-handed compound
  • S-configuration left-handed compound
  • chiral compounds are more and more widely used in the fields of pesticides, medicine, food, materials, and fine chemicals. Therefore, it is of great significance for scientists to study chirality and explore more efficient and concise methods to synthesize optically pure chiral molecules.
  • Asymmetric catalytic reaction is the most economical and efficient way to synthesize chiral compounds, and a large amount of chiral products can be obtained by using a catalytic amount of chiral catalysts.
  • metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation has attracted great attention from chemists due to its unique high atom economy, high enantioselectivity and environmental friendliness, and has been greatly developed.
  • the first homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation reaction was reported by Professor Wilkinson in 1965 [Chem.Commun.1965,17.], and the first asymmetric homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation reaction was reported by Professor Knowles in 1968 [Chem.Commun. 1968, 1445.].
  • chiral ligands In asymmetric hydrogenation reactions, chiral ligands have an important impact on the activity and stereoselectivity of the reaction. researchers can fine-tune the reaction by designing appropriate electrical and steric hindrance of the ligands. Since the discovery of Noyori's ruthenium-bisphosphine-bisamine system and the in-depth study of the metal-ligand synergistically catalyzed bifunctionalization mechanism, ligands containing N-H groups have been widely studied and used for asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation of ketones.
  • the ruthenium-bisphosphine bisamine system and several representative asymmetric hydrogenation catalytic tridentate ligands are as follows:
  • a series of novel ferrocenyl chiral tridentate ligands are as follows:
  • this invention proposes a new multidentate chiral ligand with cheap and easy-to-obtain raw materials, simple synthetic route, simple process, easy large-scale preparation, and easy adjustment of structure and electrical properties , the ligand exhibits ultrahigh activity and stereoselectivity in asymmetric hydrogenation reactions, and has broad industrial application prospects.
  • the invention discloses a novel chiral multidentate ligand and its synthesis method, as well as its application in asymmetric hydrogenation reaction.
  • the ligand is easy to synthesize, easy to obtain raw materials, relatively stable in the air atmosphere, high in catalytic activity, high in stereoselectivity, and easy to realize industrial production.
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently alkyl and aryl; R 3 and R 4 are independently alkyl, aryl or hydrogen; R 5 and R 6 are independently alkyl and aryl , R 5 and R 6 form a ring or not.
  • the alkyl group is selected from C1-6 alkyl groups, and the C1-6 alkyl groups are selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso Butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, sec-pentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl, tert-amyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, isopentyl , Neopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, tert-hexyl, neohexyl, 2-methylpentyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl.
  • the aryl is selected from phenyl.
  • the multidentate chiral ligands are L1-L10, each structure contains two enantiomers, and the structure is as follows:
  • L1, L2, L3, L10 Preference is given to L1, L2, L3, L10; more preferably L3 or its enantiomer L10.
  • the present invention further provides a method for preparing the multidentate ligand, and the synthetic route is as follows:
  • Acetate (3) reacts with the corresponding aminoalcohol compound M4 in the presence of triethylamine to obtain the corresponding chiral multidentate ligands L1-L9, and the enantiomer L10 of its L3 can be obtained from the corresponding The chiral raw materials were synthesized.
  • the present invention further provides a series of catalysts.
  • the obtained novel chiral multidentate ligands can form complexes with transition metals, i.e. catalysts.
  • the transition metals are selected from Ru, Rh, Ir, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cu, etc. .
  • suitable transition metal precursors include [Ir(NBD)Cl] 2 ; [Ir(NBD) 2 ]X; [Ir(COD)Cl] 2 ; [Ir(COD) 2 ]X; [Rh(NBD) 2 ]X, [Rh(NBD)Cl] 2 ; Rh(acac)(CO) 2 , [Rh(COD)Cl] 2 ; Rh(ethylene) 2 (acac); [Rh(ethylene) 2 Cl] 2 ; [ Rh(COD) 2 ]X; RhCl(PPh 3 ) 3 ; Ru(aryl group)X 2 ; RuX 2 (L) 2 (diphosphine); Ru(arene)X 2 (diphosphine); ); Ru(aryl group)X 2 (PPh 3 ); RuX 2 (cymene); RuCl 2 (COD); (Ru(COD) 2 )X; RuX 2 (diphosphine); Ru(ArH)Cl 2 ;
  • R represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a substituted alkyl group
  • aryl represents an aryl group
  • X represents an anion, such as Cl - , Br - , I - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - , SbF 6 - , PF 6 - , TfO - , RCOO - , B(Ar) 4 -
  • Ar can be 3,5-ditrifluoromethylbenzene or fluorobenzene.
  • L is a solvent molecule, such as CH 3 CN, DMF, etc.
  • the present invention further provides the application of the catalyst in the asymmetric hydrogenation reaction.
  • the resulting catalysts exhibited excellent activity and stereoselectivity in the asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones.
  • the metal precursor and the multidentate ligand of the present invention are complexed and reacted in a suitable solvent for a certain period of time to obtain several catalysts that catalyze asymmetric hydrogenation, and then the complex is mixed with the substrate ketone and added to the corresponding Add a catalytic amount of alkali-activated catalyst to the solvent, transfer the reaction solution to a stainless steel autoclave, and replace it with hydrogen for three times, then fill it with a certain amount of hydrogen, react at room temperature or for several hours, carefully and slowly release the gas, and put the reaction solution After filtering the thin layer of silica gel, spin dry to obtain the chiral product alcohol.
  • the solvent described in the asymmetric hydrogenation reaction process is preferably one of isopropanol, ethanol, toluene, n-hexane or a mixture thereof in any proportion, more preferably isopropanol, toluene or Its mixture in any proportion;
  • the base is potassium tert-butoxide, sodium tert-butoxide, lithium tert-butoxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate or any proportion
  • the mixture is more preferably one or a mixture of potassium tert-butoxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium carbonate.
  • the pressure of hydrogen is preferably 10-80atm, more preferably 20-50atm; the reaction temperature is preferably 20-80°C, more preferably 20-50°C.
  • This type of catalyst can efficiently asymmetrically catalyze the hydrogenation of ketones, especially, it has important applications in the synthesis of some pharmaceutical intermediates, such as the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates such as phenylephrine, mirabegron, ticagrelor, and benazepril. synthesis.
  • the reaction formula is:
  • the present invention further provides a compound whose structure is as follows: M4-3 or M3-3:
  • P represents an amino protecting group, specifically selected from benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) and tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc), and the "*" in the compound of formula M4-3 means that both configurations of R and S are included.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention has successfully developed a chiral multidentate ligand and its synthesis method.
  • This type of ligand is flexible, has a three-dimensional structure and strong electrical adjustability, and is more universal; its synthesis can be cheap and easy. Starting from the obtained raw materials, the steps are simple and convenient, and are more suitable for industrial production.
  • the present invention has the advantages of simple operation, strong stability, good applicability, low cost, and environmental friendliness, has good industrialization prospects, can bring huge economic benefits, and has extremely high commercial value.
  • N-protecting group glycine (M1) (1.2 equivalents) and chiral amino alcohol (M2) (1.0 equivalents) were dissolved in dichloromethane, condensation reaction occurred under the effect of condensing agent DCC (1.5 equivalents), and TLC monitored the reaction to complete Finally, the by-product solid N,N'-dicyclohexyl urea was filtered to obtain the crude amide intermediate (M3), which was separated and purified by column to obtain the pure product M3 with a yield of 76%-88%.
  • Fig. 4 H NMR spectrum of ligand L3.
  • the catalyst precursor [Ir(COD)Cl] 2 (1.4 mg, 2.0 ⁇ 10 -3 mmol) and different ligands L1-L10 (4.2 ⁇ 10 -3 mmol) were added to a 4.0mL reaction flask, and then add 2mL of dry iPrOH solvent into the reaction flask to dissolve, the mixture was stirred at 25°C for 2.0h, the solution changed from yellow to orange and then stopped stirring.
  • Example 33 L3 i PrOH K 2 CO 3 >99 >99
  • Example 34 L3 i PrOH Cs 2 CO 3 >99 >99
  • Example 35 L3 i PrOH KOH >99 >99
  • Example 36 L3 i PrOH NaOH >99 >99
  • Example 37 L3 i PrOH NaOMe 99 >99
  • Example 38 L3 i PrOH KOM >99 >99
  • Example 39 L3 i PrOH t BuONa >99 >99

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Abstract

一种手性多齿配体及其在不对称氢化的应用。该类配体灵活可变，具有立体结构和电性可调节性强，普适性更强；其合成可以从便宜易得的原料出发，步骤简便，在空气气氛中较为稳定。尤其地，在不对称氢化反应的应用中，该发明公开的手性多齿配体与金属形成的催化剂，催化活性高，立体选择性高。具体的，在一些药物中间体的合成中具有重要应用，如苯福林、米拉贝隆、替格瑞洛、贝那普利等药物中间体的合成，展现出广阔的工业化生产前景，具有极高的商业化价值。

Description

一种手性多齿配体及其在不对称氢化的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种手性多齿配体及其在不对称氢化反应的应用，属于精细化工
领域。
背景技术
手性分子在自然界中大量存在，人类生命活动所需的氨基酸、蛋白质和糖类等都是手性化合物。上世纪60年代初发生在西方的“反应停事件”导致全世界诞生约1.2万畸形儿，俗称“海豹婴儿”，其背后的罪魁祸首就是药物沙利度胺由两种非常相似的化学物组成，就像我们的左右手一样，其中，右旋化合物(R-构型)具有抑制妊娠反应活性，而左旋化合物(S-构型)有致畸性。随着科学技术的发展和生活水平的提高，手性化合物在农药、医药、食品、材料、精细化工等领域应用越来越广泛。因而，科学家研究手性，探索更加高效、简洁的方法来合成光学纯的手性分子，具有非常重大的意义。
不对称催化反应是最经济、最高效的合成手性化合物的方法，运用催化量的手性催化剂就可以得到大量的手性产物。其中，金属催化的不对称氢化反应以其特有的高原子经济性、高对映选择性和环境友好性而受到化学家们的极大关注，并得到了巨大的发展。第一例均相催化的氢化反应是1965年Wilkinson教授报道的[Chem.Commun.1965,17.]，而第一例不对称均相催化氢化反应于1968年被Knowles教授报道[Chem.Commun.1968,1445.]。越来越多的不对称氢化反应在实现商业生产，如孟山都公司的左旋多巴胺的合成，高砂公司L-薄荷醇的合成，诺华公司的(S)-异丙甲草胺的合成，尤其在2012年，巴斯夫公司运用不对称氢化反应成功实现了10,000吨L-薄荷醇的合成。
在不对称氢化反应中，手性配体对反应的活性和立体选择性具有重要影响，科研工作者通过设计配体合适的电性和空间位阻来实现对反应的精细调控。自Noyori钌-双膦-双胺体系的发现以及金属-配体协同催化的双官能团化机理研究的深入，含N-H基团的配体有被广泛的研究并用于酮的不对称催化氢化。1998年，张绪穆教授设计合成了一类含双噁唑啉环和N-H官能团的三齿配体(ph-ambox)，并成功应用于芳香酮的高立体选择性不对称转移氢化反应[J.Am.Chem.Soc.1998,120,3817.]。后来他的课题组又在前面的基础上，设计合成了位阻更加大的indan-ambox，并成功用于简单酮的不对称氢化反应[Chem.Commun.2010,46,3979.]。2011年，周其林教授在双齿Spiro-AP配体的基础上，将吡啶基引入到该双齿配体中得到三齿的Spiro-PAP配体，该配体的铱络合物在催化氢化中更加稳定，可以高效高选择性的还原简单的芳基酮得到96％-99.9％ee值和达到史无前例的4 550 000 TON[Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2011,50,7329.]。
钌-双膦双胺体系以及几种代表性的不对称氢化催化三齿配体如下：
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000001
2016年，张绪穆教授基于Ambox配体设计合成了一类新型二茂铁基的手性三齿PNN配体(f-amphox)，该配体在芳香酮的不对称氢化中表现出超高活性和立体选择性[Org.Lett.2016,18,2938.]。随后又发展了一系列新型二茂铁基手性配体，在芳香酮的不对称氢化中均表现出优异的活性和立体选择性，极大地丰富了配体库的种类。
一系列新型二茂铁基的手性三齿配体如下：
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000002
由于现实中底物具有多样性，发展不同的配体来适应不同底物的需求仍具有重要意义。相较于已有的催化体系和三齿配体，本发明提出了一个原料便宜易得，合成路线简洁，工艺简单，易于大规模制备，结构和电性便于调节的新型多齿手性配体，该配体在不对称氢化反应中表现出超高活性和立体选择性，具有广阔的工业应用前景。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种新型手性多齿配体与其合成方法，以及在不对称氢化反应的应用。该配体合成简便，原料易得，在空气气氛中较为稳定，催化活性高，立体选择性高，易于实现工业化生产。
本发明通过一下技术方案来实现，首先，本发明提出的手性多齿配体的结构通式(I)如下：
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000003
通式(I)中：R 1、R 2分别独立为烷基、芳基；R 3、R 4独立为烷基、芳基或氢原子；R 5、R 6分别独立为烷基、芳基，R 5和R 6成环或不成环。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，所述烷基选自C1-6的烷基，所述C1-6的烷基选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、仲戊基、1-乙基丙基、2-甲基丁基、叔戊基、1,2-二甲基丙基、异戊基、新戊基、正己基、异己基、仲己基、叔己基、新己基、2-甲基戊基、1，2-二甲基丁基、1-乙基丁基。所述芳基选自苯基。
作为本发明的一种优选方案，多齿手性配体为L1-L10，每一种结构均含有两种对映异构体，结构具体如下：
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000004
优选L1、L2、L3、L10；更优选L3或其对映体L10。
本发明进一步提供所述多齿配体的制备方法，合成路线如下：
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000005
进一步地，可以通过以下技术方案来实现，包括以下步骤：
1)N-保护基甘氨酸(M1)与手性氨基醇(M2)在一定的条件下发生缩合反应，得到酰胺中间体(M3)，化合物M3通过脱氨基保护基得到氨基醇化合物M4；其中，当氮保护基为Boc时，采用三氟乙酸、甲磺酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸等作为脱保护试剂，优选为三氟乙酸和盐酸；当氮保护基为Cbz时，采用在氢气氛围下通过Pd/C或Pd(OH) 2/C脱除；
2)由(R)或(S)-Ugi’s amine(1)出发，经过简单的丁基锂去质子化、上膦得到中间体手性氨基膦(2)，再经乙酰氧基取代二甲氨基得到中间体醋酸酯(3)；
3)醋酸酯(3)在三乙胺存在条件下与相应的氨基醇化合物M4反应即得相应的手性多齿配体L1-L9，其L3的对映体L10可以通过相同的方法从相应的手性原料出发合成得到。
本发明进一步提供了一系列催化剂，由所得新型手性多齿配体，可与过渡金属形成络合物即催化剂，过渡金属选自Ru、Rh、Ir、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Cu等。
其中，合适过渡金属前体包括[Ir(NBD)Cl] 2；[Ir(NBD) 2]X；[Ir(COD)Cl] 2；[Ir(COD) 2]X；[Rh(NBD) 2]X，[Rh(NBD)Cl] 2；Rh(acac)(CO) 2，[Rh(COD)Cl] 2；Rh(ethylene) 2(acac)；[Rh(ethylene) 2Cl] 2；[Rh(COD) 2]X；RhCl(PPh 3) 3；Ru(aryl group)X 2；RuX 2(L) 2(diphosphine)；Ru(arene)X 2(diphosphine)；Ru(methallyl) 2(diphosphine)；Ru(aryl group)X 2(PPh 3)；RuX 2(cymene)；RuCl 2(COD)；(Ru(COD) 2)X；RuX 2(diphosphine)；Ru(ArH)Cl 2；Ru(COD)(methallyl) 2；(Ni(allyl)X) 2；Ni(acac) 2；Ni(COD) 2；NiX 2；MnX 2；Mn(acac) 2；CoX 2；FeX 2；CuX；CuX 2；AgX；[Pd(allyl)Cl] 2；PdCl 2；Pd(OAc) 2；Pd(CF 3COO) 2。
以上过渡金属前体中，R表示烷基、烷氧基或取代烷基，aryl为芳基，X为负阴离子，如Cl -，Br -，I -，BF 4 -，ClO 4 -，SbF 6 -，PF 6 -，TfO -，RCOO -，B(Ar) 4 -，其中Ar可为3,5-二三氟甲基苯或氟苯。L是溶剂分子，如CH 3CN，DMF等。
本发明进一步提供了所述催化剂在的不对称氢化反应中的应用。
上述所得的催化剂在酮的不对称氢化中表现出优异的活性和立体选择性。具体地，将金属前体与本发明的多齿配体在合适的溶剂中络合反应若干时间，得到若干种催化不对称氢化的催化剂，然后将络合物与底物酮混合后加入到相应溶剂中，并加入催化量的碱活化催化剂，该反应液转移至不锈钢高压釜中，并用氢气置换三次后，充入一定量的氢气，室温或加热反应若干小时，小心缓慢放气，将反应液过滤薄层的硅胶后，旋干即得手性产物醇。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，不对称氢化反应过程中所述溶剂优选为异丙醇、乙醇、甲苯、正己烷中的一种或其任意比例的混合物，更优选异丙醇、甲苯或其任意比例的混合物；碱为叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇锂、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯的一种或任意比例的混合物，更优选为叔丁醇钾、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠和碳酸钾的一种或任意比例的混合物。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案，氢气的压力优选为10-80atm，更优选20-50atm；反应温度优选为20-80℃，更优选为20-50℃。
该类催化剂可以高效不对称催化氢化酮，尤其地，在一些药物中间体的合成中具有重要应用，如苯福林、米拉贝隆、替格瑞洛、贝那普利等药物中间体的合成。反应式为：
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000006
本发明进一步提供了一种化合物，所述化合物结构如下式M4-3或者M3-3：
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000007
其中，式M4-3化合物中的“*”表示包括R和S两种构型；
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000008
其中，P表示氨基保护基，具体选自苄氧羰基(Cbz)、叔丁氧羰基(Boc)，式M4-3化合物中的“*”表示包括R和S两种构型。
本发明相对于现有技术具有以下有益效果：
1)本发明成功发展了一种手性多齿配体以及合成方法，该类配体灵活可变，具有立体结构和电性可调节性强，普适性更强；其合成可以从便宜易得的原料出发，步骤简便，更适合工业化生产。
2)通过大量的实验研究发现，该类配体与金属铱形成的催化体系在不对称氢化反应具有非常高的反应活性，催化剂转化数(TON，turnovernumber)高达一百万(1000000)，立体选择性可高达>99.9％ee。
3)本发明具有操作简单、稳定性强、适用性好、成本低廉、环境友好等优势，工业化前景好，能带来巨大的经济收益，具有极高的商业化价值。
附图说明
图1，化合物M3-3(R＝ tBu，P＝Cbz)核磁氢谱；
图2，化合物M3-3(R＝ tBu，P＝Boc)核磁氢谱；
图3，化合物M4-3(R＝ tBu)核磁氢谱；
图4，配体L1的核磁氢谱；
图5，配体L2的核磁氢谱；
图6，配体L3的核磁氢谱；
图7，配体L4的核磁氢谱；
图8，配体L5的核磁氢谱；
图9，配体L6的核磁氢谱；
图10，配体L7的核磁氢谱；
图11，配体L8的核磁氢谱；
图12，配体L9的核磁氢谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细的描述，但本申请的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1中间体(S C,R P)-2的合成
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000009
0℃，N 2下,搅拌下将30mL n-BuLi的正己烷溶液(2.3mol/L,1.2equiv.)滴加入15g(S)-1(58mmol,1.0equiv.)的无水乙醚(145mL)溶液中,滴加完毕后自然升至室温搅拌4.0h。随后在回流下将Ar 2PCl(70mmol,1.2equiv.)滴加入反应液中，继续回流约4h，TLC监测，反应完毕后加水淬灭，用乙醚萃取得有机相，有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤，旋干得红色油状液体，加一定量乙醚打浆得橙黄色固体产物(S C,R P)-2(65％-83％产率)。
实施例2中间体(S C,R P)-3的合成
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000010
氮气保护下，将(S C,R P)-2(30mmol)和醋酸酐(24mL)的混合物在100℃加热约1.0h。TLC监测，待反应完毕后减压旋干醋酐得桔红色固体，产率>95％，无需纯化直接用于下一步。
实施例3中间体M3的合成
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000011
N-保护基甘氨酸(M1)(1.2当量)与手性氨基醇(M2)(1.0当量)溶于二氯甲烷中，在缩合剂DCC(1.5当量)的作用下发生缩合反应，TLC监测反应完后，过滤副产物固体N,N’-二环己基脲，得到粗品酰胺中间体(M3)，过柱分离纯化得到纯品M3，产率76％-88％。
M3-3(R＝ tBu，P＝Cbz)表征数据如下： 1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.31–7.26(m,5H),6.72(d,J＝9.6Hz,1H),6.24(s,1H),5.07(s,2H),3.93(dd,J＝16.6,6.0Hz,1H),3.82–3.73(m,3H),3.40(t,J＝10.3Hz,1H),3.06(br,1H),0.85(s,9H). 13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ170.75,157.04,136.10,128.46,128.14,127.98,67.05,61.62,59.54,44.53,33.45,26.59.
M3’-3(R＝ tBu，P＝Boc)表征数据如下： 1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ6.58(d,J＝9.1Hz,1H),5.62(s,1H),3.89–3.69(m,4H),3.49(s,1H),3.30(s,1H),1.44(s,9H),0.93(s,9H). 13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ170.98,156.53,80.40,62.37,59.72,44.78,33.46,28.26,26.74.
实施例4中间体M4的合成
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000012
化合物M3(P＝Boc)溶于三氟乙酸/二氯甲烷(V:V＝1:1)中，室温下反应4小时，TLC监测反应完全，旋干溶剂和过量的三氟乙酸，剩余物用碳酸氢钠饱和溶液中和，产品通过二氯甲烷萃取(3次)，合并有机相，用无水硫酸钠干燥，过滤，得到M4，粗品产率>90％，无需纯化 直接用于下一步。
化合物M3’(P＝Cbz)溶于甲醇，加入5％Pd/C，该反应悬浊液置于高压反应釜中，充换氮气3次后，充换氢气3次，充入5-10atm氢气，室温下反应12小时，小心缓慢释放氢气，滤除Pd/C，得到M4，粗品产率>98％，无需纯化直接用于下一步。
M4-3(R＝ tBu)表征数据如下： 1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.59(d,J＝8.9Hz,1H),3.85(dd,J＝11.2,3.2Hz,1H),3.76(td,J＝8.9,3.2Hz,1H),3.50(dd,J＝11.2,8.6Hz,1H),3.37(s,2H),2.39(s,3H),0.94(s,9H). 13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ174.07,62.99,59.74,44.56,33.35,26.82.
实施例5配体L1的合成
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000013
50mL反应管中，加入0.91g(2.0mmol)醋酸酯3a和0.29g(2.2mmol)M4-1，置换N 2后，依次加入三乙胺0.41g(4mmol,2equiv)、无水甲醇20mL，室温搅拌2h后，加热回流反应过夜，旋蒸浓缩，柱层析得淡黄色泡沫状固体为L1，质量0.63g，收率61％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.53-7.49(m,2H),7.37-7.35(m,3H),7.24-7.18(m,5H),4.42(s,1H),4.29(s,1H),4.16-4.09(m,1H),3.96(s,5H),3.85-3.76(m,2H),3.51-3.43(m,1H),3.41-3.34(m,1H),2.86(dd,J＝16.0Hz,60.0Hz,2H),1.37(d,J＝8.2Hz,3H),1.04(d,J＝4.3Hz,3H)； 13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ173.61,140.10(d,J＝9.2Hz),136.88(d,J＝9.2Hz),134.96,134.81,132.51(d,J＝18.5Hz),129.31,128.48(d,J＝2.0Hz),128.49,128.28(d,J＝8.2Hz),96.53,96.29,75.23(d,J＝8.2Hz),71.73(d,J＝4.3Hz),69.77,69.58(d,J＝4.3Hz),69.24,67.62,51.73(d,J＝8.2Hz),48.62,48.08,19.00,16.80； 31P NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ-24.85.
实施例6配体L2的合成
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000014
50mL反应管中，加入0.91g(2.0mmol)醋酸酯3a和0.35g(2.2mmol)M4-2，置换N 2后， 依次加入三乙胺0.41g(4mmol,2equiv)、无水甲醇20mL，室温搅拌2h后，加热回流反应过夜，旋蒸浓缩，柱层析得淡黄色泡沫状固体为L2，质量0.61g，收率55％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.54-7.50(m,2H),7.44-7.37(m,4H),7.27-7.20(m,4H),4.43(s,1H),4.30(s,1H),4.20-4.16(m,1H),3.98(s,5H),3.83(s,1H),3.63-3.58(m,1H),3.53-3.41(m,2H),2.87(dd,J＝17.0Hz,66.7Hz,2H),1.88-1.76(m,1H),1.43(d,J＝8.2Hz,3H),0.92(d,J＝8.2Hz,3H),0.88(d,J＝8.2Hz,3H)； 13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ173.89,140.13(d,J＝10.4Hz),136.99(d,J＝8.5Hz),135.01,134.81,132.52(d,J＝18.1Hz),129.32,128.51(d,J＝1.9Hz),128.19(d,J＝7.1Hz),96.58,96.28,75.21(d,J＝8.2Hz),71.72(d,J＝4.2Hz),69.76,69.60,69.49,69.20,64.61,57.79,51.64(d,J＝8.2Hz),48.39,28.77,19.59,19.12,19.05； 31P NMR(101Hz,CDCl 3)δ-24.73.
实施例7配体L3的合成
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000015
50mL反应管中，加入0.91g(2.0mmol)醋酸酯3a和0.38g(2.2mmol)M4-3，置换N 2后，依次加入三乙胺0.41g(4mmol,2equiv)、无水甲醇20mL，室温搅拌2h后，加热回流反应过夜，旋蒸浓缩，柱层析得淡黄色泡沫状固体为L3，质量0.58g，收率51％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.50-7.47(m,3H),7.25-7.21(m,3H),7.21-7.13(m,4H),4.41(s,1H),4.30(s,1H),4.20-4.18(m,1H),3.99(s,5H),3.80-3.74(m,2H),3.62-3.60(m,1H),3.40-3.35(m,1H),2.82(dd,J＝17.5Hz,117.2Hz,2H),1.38(d,J＝6.7Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H)； 13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ174.09,139.70(d,J＝9.7Hz),136.74(d,J＝8.6Hz),134.81,134.67,132.54(d,J＝19.1Hz),129.20,128.66,128.50(d,J＝6.3Hz),128.18(d,J＝7.7Hz),96.28(d,J＝23.7Hz),75.18(d,J＝7.6Hz),71.57(d,J＝4.2Hz),69.70,69.59,69.56,69.14,63.78,60.30,51.43(d,J＝8.5Hz),48.06,33.32,26.94,19.18； 31P NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ-25.04.
其中，图1，化合物M3-3(R＝ tBu，P＝Cbz)核磁氢谱；图2，化合物M3-3(R＝ tBu，P＝Boc)核磁氢谱；图3，化合物M4-3(R＝ tBu)核磁氢谱；图4，配体L3的核磁氢谱。
实施例8配体L4的合成
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000016
50mL反应管中，加入0.91g(2.0mmol)醋酸酯3a和0.46g(2.2mmol)M4-4，置换N 2后，依次加入三乙胺0.41g(4mmol,2equiv)、无水甲醇20mL，室温搅拌2h后，加热回流反应过夜，旋蒸浓缩，柱层析得淡黄色泡沫状固体为L4，质量0.74g，收率61％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.55-7.51(m,2H),7.43-7.29(m,4H),7.30-7.16(m,9H),4.40(s,1H),4.32(s,1H),4.13-4.05(m,1H),3.98(s,5H),3.95-3.82(m,1H),3.81(s,1H),3.59-3.53(m,1H),3.48-3.41(m,1H),2.90-2.67(m,4H),1.19(d,J＝8.0Hz,3H)； 13CNMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ173.63,140.14(d,J＝9.6Hz),137.88,136.99(d,J＝8.2Hz),134.98,134.78,132.45(d,J＝18.1Hz),129.28,129.24,128.57,128.49,128.42,128.20(d,J＝8.2Hz),126.60,96.50(d,J＝24.0Hz),75.10(d,J＝7.7Hz),71.69(d,J＝4.3Hz),69.69,69.52,69.43,69.19,65.05,53.58,51.45(d,J＝8.5Hz),48.29,36.80,18.73； 31P NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ-24.93.
实施例9配体L5的合成
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000017
50mL反应管中，加入0.91g(2.0mmol)醋酸酯3a和0.43g(2.2mmol)M4-5，置换N 2后，依次加入三乙胺0.41g(4mmol,2equiv)、无水甲醇20mL，室温搅拌2h后，加热回流反应过夜，旋蒸浓缩，柱层析得淡黄色泡沫状固体为L5，质量0.68g，收率58％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.93-7.88(m,1H),7.54-7.49(m,2H),7.41-7.32(m,5H),7.33-7.27(m,1H),7.26-7.23(m,6H),4.97-4.84(m,1H),4.40(s,1H),4.32(d,J＝4.3Hz,1H),4.23-4.10(m,1H),4.02(s,5H),3.78(s,1H),3.73(d,J＝8.7Hz,2H),2.92(dd,J＝18.1Hz,56.0Hz,2H),1.34(d,J＝4.0Hz,3H)； 13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ173.40,139.89(d,J＝9.5Hz),138.93,136.82(d,J＝9.5Hz),134.89,134.75,132.50(d,J＝18.1Hz),129.30,128.78,128.61(d,J＝7.5Hz),128.50,128.19(d,J＝8.0Hz),127.80,126.91,96.32(d,J＝23.5Hz),75.21(d,J＝7.7Hz),71.71(d,J＝4.0Hz),69.79,69.72,69.59,69.23,67.03,56.28,51.65(d,J＝8.0Hz),48.51,18.98； 31P NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ-24.95.
实施例10配体L6的合成
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000018
50mL反应管中，加入0.97g(2.0mmol)醋酸酯3a和0.38g(2.2mmol)M4-3，置换N 2后，依次加入三乙胺0.41g(4mmol,2equiv)、无水甲醇20mL，室温搅拌2h后，加热回流反应过夜，旋蒸浓缩，柱层析得淡黄色泡沫状固体为L6，质量0.68g，收率57％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.60-7.54(m,1H),7.41(t,J＝8.5Hz,2H),7.20(d,J＝7.9Hz,2H),7.15-7.04(m,4H),4.38(s,1H),4.28(t,J＝2.4Hz,1H),4.30-4.18(m,1H),4.00(s,5H),3.82-3.78(m,2H),3.66-3.58(m,1H),3.46-3.39(m,1H),2.82(dd,J＝18.0Hz,80.2Hz,2H),2.39(s,3H),2.30(s,3H),1.40(d,J＝4.3Hz,3H),0.89(s,9H)； 13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ173.88,139.23,138.60,136.26(d,J＝8.5Hz),134.85,134.62,133.40(d,J＝8.5Hz),132.51(d,J＝19.2Hz),129.42,129.34,129.08(d,J＝8.5Hz),95.80(d,J＝23.4Hz),75.81(d,J＝8.0Hz),71.71,69.78,69.62,69.56,69.14,63.61,60.35,51.55(d,J＝9.7Hz),47.93,33.40,27.00,21.42,21.35,19.23； 31P NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ-27.50.
实施例12配体L7的合成
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000019
50mL反应管中，加入1.02g(2.0mmol)醋酸酯3c和0.38g(2.2mmol)M4-3，置换N 2后，依次加入三乙胺0.17mL(1.2mmol,3equiv)、无水甲醇20mL，室温搅拌2h后，加热回流反应过夜，旋蒸浓缩，柱层析得淡黄色泡沫状固体0.66g，收率53％。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.50(d,J＝8.3Hz,1H),7.14(d,J＝8.4Hz,2H),7.02(s,1H),6.89(s,1H),6.83(d,J＝7.6Hz,2H),4.40(s,1H),4.30(s,1H),4.21(tt,J＝6.5,3.3Hz,1H),4.02(s,5H),3.81(s,1H),3.78(d,J＝2.7Hz,1H),3.62(td,J＝8.4,2.7Hz,1H),3.42(dd,J＝11.1,8.5Hz,1H),2.92(d,J＝17.5Hz,1H),2.68(d,J＝17.5Hz,1H),2.32(s,6H),2.21(s,6H),1.40(d,J＝6.7Hz,3H),0.91(s,9H). 13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl 3)δ174.21,139.16(d,J＝8.9Hz),137.92(d,J＝6.8Hz),137.49(d,J＝8.0Hz),136.31(d,J＝7.9Hz),132.33(d,J＝20.4Hz),130.84,130.56,130.38(d,J＝19.5Hz),95.80(d,J＝22.9Hz),75.83(d,J＝7.8Hz),71.67(d,J＝4.0Hz),69.69,69.37(d,J＝3.5Hz),68.83,63.82,60.46,51.23(d,J＝8.8Hz),47.67,33.29,26.89,21.31(d,J＝13.0Hz), 18.93. 31P NMR(243MHz,CDCl 3)δ-25.07.
实施例13配体L8的合成
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000020
50mL反应管中，加入1.36g(2.0mmol)醋酸酯3d和0.38g(2.2mmol)M4-3，置换N 2后，依次加入三乙胺0.41g(4mmol,2equiv)、无水甲醇20mL，室温搅拌2h后，加热回流反应过夜，旋蒸浓缩，柱层析得淡黄色泡沫状固体0.75g，收率47％。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.72(d,J＝8.1Hz,1H),7.42(s,1H),7.40(dd,J＝8.6,1.6Hz,2H),7.32(s,1H),7.21(dd,J＝8.1,1.6Hz,2H),4.37(s,1H),4.27(t,J＝2.2Hz,1H),4.13(dd,J＝6.6,2.6Hz,1H),4.06(s,5H),3.80(dd,J＝11.1,2.7Hz,1H),3.72(s,1H),3.59(td,J＝8.3,2.6Hz,1H),3.43(dd,J＝11.0,8.4Hz,1H),2.71(d,J＝17.7Hz,1H),2.55(d,J＝17.7Hz,1H),1.67(br,3H),1.35(d,J＝6.6Hz,3H),1.30(s,18H),1.22(s,18H),0.90(s,9H). 13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl 3)δ174.44,150.79(d,J＝6.7Hz),150.26(d,J＝7.2Hz),138.14(d,J＝7.9Hz),135.01(d,J＝7.5Hz),128.80(d,J＝20.9Hz),127.65(d,J＝20.7Hz),122.99,122.73,95.47(d,J＝21.7Hz),77.39(d,J＝6.8Hz),71.23(d,J＝3.8Hz),69.65,69.08(d,J＝3.7Hz),68.58,64.17,60.61,51.96(d,J＝8.9Hz),48.65,34.88(d,J＝9.8Hz),33.22,31.41(d,J＝14.6Hz),26.89,19.03. 31P NMR(243MHz,CDCl 3)δ-23.86.
实施例14配体L9的合成
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000021
50mL反应管中，加入1.48g(2.0mmol)醋酸酯3e和0.38g(2.2mmol)M4-3，置换N 2后，依次加入三乙胺0.41g(4mmol,2equiv)、无水甲醇2mL，室温搅拌2h后，加热回流反应过夜，旋蒸浓缩，柱层析得淡黄色泡沫状固体0.77g，收率45％。
1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.77(d,J＝8.1Hz,1H),7.39(d,J＝8.3Hz,2H),7.22(d,J＝7.7Hz,2H), 4.37(s,1H),4.28(s,1H),4.14(dd,J＝6.6,2.5Hz,1H),4.05(s,5H),3.81(dd,J＝11.1,2.6Hz,1H),3.71(s,3H),3.69(s,1H),3.60(dd,J＝8.1,2.6Hz,1H),3.58(s,3H),3.44(dd,J＝11.0,8.5Hz,1H),2.76(d,J＝17.7Hz,1H),2.57(d,J＝17.7Hz,1H),1.67(br,3H),1.40(s,18H),1.35(d,J＝6.6Hz,3H),1.31(s,18H),0.91(s,9H). 13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl 3)δ174.38,160.51,160.36,143.76(d,J＝6.9Hz),143.19(d,J＝7.7Hz),132.97(d,J＝21.8Hz),132.63(d,J＝5.9Hz),131.77(d,J＝21.5Hz),129.57(d,J＝5.9Hz),95.40(d,J＝21.8Hz),77.76(d,J＝6.9Hz),71.07(d,J＝3.6Hz),69.59,69.17(d,J＝3.7Hz),68.61,64.36(d,J＝2.4Hz),64.15,60.61,51.91(d,J＝8.5Hz),48.56,35.84(d,J＝3.3Hz),33.24,32.04(d,J＝12.9Hz),26.89,18.97. 31P NMR(243MHz,CDCl 3)δ-26.53.
实施例15配体L10的合成
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000022
50mL反应管中，加入0.91g(2.0mmol)醋酸酯(R C，S P)-3a和0.38g(2.2mmol)(R)-M4-3，置换N 2后，依次加入三乙胺0.41g(4mmol,2equiv)、无水甲醇20mL，室温搅拌2h后，加热回流反应过夜，旋蒸浓缩，柱层析得淡黄色泡沫状固体为L10，质量0.58g，收率51％。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ7.53-7.48(m,3H),7.28-7.22(m,3H),7.22-7.12(m,4H),4.44(s,1H),4.32(s,1H),4.23-4.19(m,1H),4.02(s,5H),3.84-3.73(m,2H),3.63-3.59(m,1H),3.43-3.38(m,1H),2.84(dd,J＝17.5Hz,117.2Hz,2H),1.39(d,J＝6.7Hz,3H),0.90(s,9H)； 13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ174.12,139.72(d,J＝9.7Hz),136.77(d,J＝8.6Hz),134.83,134.68,132.58(d,J＝19.1Hz),129.24,128.70,128.54(d,J＝6.3Hz),128.20(d,J＝7.7Hz),96.29(d,J＝23.7Hz),75.21(d,J＝7.6Hz),71.59(d,J＝4.2Hz),69.73,69.63,69.59,69.17,63.80,60.32,51.48(d,J＝8.5Hz),48.03,33.30,26.96,19.20； 31P NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3)δ-25.08.
实施例16-25不对称催化氢化简单芳香酮(S/C＝10,000)
在充满氩气的手套箱里将催化剂前体[Ir(COD)Cl] 2(1.4mg,2.0×10 -3mmol)和不同配体L1-L10(4.2×10 -3mmol)分别加入到一个4.0mL的反应瓶中，随后向反应瓶内加入2mL干燥的 iPrOH溶剂溶解，该混合在25℃下搅拌2.0h，溶液由黄色变为橘红色然后停止搅拌。向一个5.0mL的氢化瓶中加入无水K 2CO 3(10μL,c＝0.02mmol/mL)和新蒸馏得到的苯乙酮(0.2mmol)，接着加入1.0mL干燥的 iPrOH溶解，然后将上述新制备的络合物溶液(10μL)用微量注射器滴加入反应体系中。将该氢化反应瓶小心放入高压釜中拧紧高压反应釜，将釜移出手套箱，用10个大气压的H 2置换釜体三次后，向釜体内充入20atm H 2和关紧进气阀，使 该反应在室温下搅拌4h。反应结束后打开放气阀缓慢放尽釜体中的氢气，将氢化瓶中反应液直接用乙酸乙酯作淋洗剂进行快速硅胶柱层析除去金属络合物，旋干溶剂得到产物手性醇，通过 1H NMR和 13C NMR确定化合结构，利用手性高效液相色谱和手性气相色谱确定产物的ee值，并对产物进行旋光值测定，所得结果如表1所示。
表1不对称催化氢化苯乙酮的配体筛选
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000023
实施例26-39不对称催化氢化简单芳香酮
以L3为配体，按上述的操作方法，对该氢化反应的条件进行优化，其结果如表2所示：
表2不对称催化氢化苯乙酮的条件优化
编号 配体 反应溶剂 碱 conv.(％) ee(％)
实施例18 L3 iPrOH tBuOK >99 >99
实施例26 L3 MeOH tBuOK 10 98
实施例27 L3 EtOH tBuOK 80 99
实施例28 L3 EtOAc tBuOK 20 98
实施例29 L3 DCM tBuOK 95 98
实施例30 L3 THF tBuOK 92 95
实施例31 L3 Hexane tBuOK 99 >99
实施例32 L3 Toluene tBuOK 96 >99
实施例33 L3 iPrOH K 2CO 3 >99 >99
实施例34 L3 iPrOH Cs 2CO 3 >99 >99
实施例35 L3 iPrOH KOH >99 >99
实施例36 L3 iPrOH NaOH >99 >99
实施例37 L3 iPrOH NaOMe 99 >99
实施例38 L3 iPrOH KOMe >99 >99
实施例39 L3 iPrOH tBuONa >99 >99
实施例40不对称催化氢化简单芳香酮
在简单芳香酮的氢化中，以L3为配体，叔丁醇钠作为碱，异丙醇作溶剂，我们对底物进行了拓展，反应式如下所示，其结果如表3所示。
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000024
表3不对称催化氢化简单芳香酮的结果
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000025
实施例41不对称催化氢化α-氨基酮
进一步地，我们将该体系应用于氨基酮的不对称氢化，其结果表明有较好的底物普适性和应用价值，反应式如下所示，结果如表4所示。
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000026
表4不对称催化氢化α-氨基酮的结果
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000027
实施例42不对称催化氢化氯代酮
为了解决有挑战性的底物，我们将该体系应用于氯代酮的不对称氢化，在优化条件后，采取以碳酸钾作碱，甲苯和异丙醇(体积比10:1)为溶剂，反应式如下所示，结果如表4所示，其结果表明该体系在不对称氢化氯代酮中普适性较好，具有工业应用前景。
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000028
表5不对称催化氢化氯代酮的结果
Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-000029
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种手性多齿配体，其特征在于，结构通式(I)如下：
    Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-100001
    通式(I)中：R 1、R 2分别独立为烷基、芳基；R 3、R 4独立为烷基、芳基或氢
    原子；R 5、R 6分别独立为烷基、芳基，R 5和R 6成环或不成环。
  2. 根据权利1的要求所述的配体，其特征在于，所述配体选自L1-L10：
    Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-100002
  3. 一种制备权利要求1或2所述配体的方法，其特征在于，合成路线如下：
    Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-100003
  4. 根据权利要求3配体的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    1)N-保护基甘氨酸(M1)与手性氨基醇(M2)在一定的条件下发生缩合反应，得到酰胺中间体(M3)，化合物M3通过脱氨基保护基得到氨基醇化合物M4；其中，当氮保护基为Boc时，采用三氟乙酸、甲磺酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸等作为脱保护试剂，优选为三氟乙酸和盐酸；当氮保护基为Cbz时，采用在氢气氛围下通过Pd/C或Pd(OH) 2/C脱除；
    2)由(R)或(S)-Ugi’s amine(1)出发，经过简单的丁基锂去质子化、上膦得到中间体手性氨基膦(2)，再经乙酰氧基取代二甲氨基得到中间体醋酸酯(3)；
    3)醋酸酯(3)在三乙胺存在条件下与相应的氨基醇化合物M4反应即得相应的手性多齿配体L1-L9，其L3的对映体L10可以通过相同的方法从相应的手性原料出发合成得到。
  5. 一种催化剂，其特征在于，由权利要求1或2所述的配体，与过渡金属形成络合物即催化剂，其中，过渡金属选自Ru、Rh、Ir、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Cu等。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的催化剂，合适过渡金属前体包括[Ir(NBD)Cl] 2；[Ir(NBD) 2]X；[Ir(COD)Cl] 2；[Ir(COD) 2]X；[Rh(NBD) 2]X；[Rh(NBD)Cl] 2；Rh(acac)(CO) 2；[Rh(COD)Cl] 2；Rh(ethylene) 2(acac)；[Rh(ethylene) 2Cl] 2；[Rh(COD) 2]X；RhCl(PPh 3) 3；Ru(aryl group)X 2；RuX 2(L) 2(diphosphine)；Ru(arene)X 2(diphosphine)；Ru(methallyl) 2(diphosphine)；Ru(arylgroup)X 2(PPh 3)；RuX 2(cymene)；RuCl 2(COD)；(Ru(COD) 2)X；RuX 2(diphosphine)；Ru(ArH)Cl 2；Ru(COD)(methallyl) 2；(Ni(allyl)X) 2；Ni(acac) 2；Ni(COD) 2；NiX 2；MnX 2；Mn(acac) 2；CoX 2；FeX 2；CuX；CuX 2；AgX；[Pd(allyl)Cl] 2；PdCl 2；Pd(OAc) 2；Pd(CF 3COO) 2；
    以上过渡金属前体中，R表示烷基、烷氧基或取代烷基，aryl为芳基，X为负阴离子，如Cl -，Br -，I -，BF 4 -，ClO 4 -，SbF 6 -，PF 6 -，TfO -，RCOO -，B(Ar) 4 -，其中Ar可为3,5-二三氟甲基苯或氟苯，L是溶剂分子，如CH 3CN，DMF等。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的催化剂用于催化不对称氢化反应的应用。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，所述不对称催化氢化反应包括：
    将金属前体与上述多齿配体在合适的溶剂中络合反应若干时间，得到若干种催化不对称氢化的催化剂，然后将络合物与底物酮混合后加入到相应溶剂中，并加入催化量的碱活化催化剂，该反应液转移至不锈钢高压釜中，并用氢气置换三次后，充入一定量的氢气，室温或加热反应若干小时，小心缓慢放气，将反应液过滤薄层的硅胶后，旋干即得手性产物醇；
    其中，溶剂选自异丙醇、乙醇、甲苯、正己烷中的一种或其任意比例的混合物；
    碱为叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇锂、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯的一种或任意比例的混合物；氢气的压力为10-80atm；反应温度为20-80℃。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，催化剂用于苯福林、米拉贝隆、替格瑞洛、贝那普利等药物中间体的合成。
  10. 一种化合物，其特征在于，所述化合物结构如下式M4-3或者M3-3：
    Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-100004
    其中，式M4-3化合物中的“*”表示包括R和S两种构型；
    Figure PCTCN2021141933-appb-100005
    其中，P表示氨基保护基，具体选自苄氧羰基(Cbz)、叔丁氧羰基(Boc)，式M4-3化合物中的“*”表示包括R和S两种构型。
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