CN113429977A - Saline-alkali soil conditioner - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil conditioner Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil conditioner, and belongs to the technical field of soil improvement. The saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of biological activated carbon, 20-40 parts of humic acid, 20-50 parts of organic base material, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of active acid and 3-5 parts of microbial flora. The efficient soil conditioner is formed by the mutual matching and the common action of all the raw materials. The mode of combining chemical control and biotechnology can effectively adjust the physicochemical property of soil, and simultaneously improve and promote the biological microenvironment of soil, so as to finally promote the quality of crops, enhance the disease resistance, promote the yield and realize the efficient sustainable development of agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a general term for various salinized soil and alkaline soil. The salinization of soil has important influence on ecological environment and agricultural production. The influence of saline-alkali soil on the ecological environment is mainly reflected in the serious damage of forests and grasslands, large-area grasslands in China are degraded due to soil salinization every year, the discharge amount of carbon dioxide is increased sharply due to the serious damage of forest resources, the process of global warming is aggravated, glaciers are melted due to the global warming, the underground water level is increased, and the process of secondary salt collapse of the soil is caused. Because the saline-alkali soil contains inorganic salt and ions with higher concentration, the structure of the soil is damaged, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are changed, the soil fertility is reduced, crops on the soil cannot grow, and the harm of the salt to the plants mainly comprises physiological drought and ion toxicity. Physiological drought is caused by that the osmotic pressure of soil is higher due to overhigh salt concentration in the soil, and the water flow direction in the soil flows from a region with lower osmotic pressure to a region with higher osmotic pressure, so that the water in the soil is difficult to enter plant cells, and the plants die due to water shortage; the ion toxicity is caused by that the structure of cell membrane is damaged and the permeability of membrane is increased due to too high concentration of ions such as sodium ion and chloride ion in saline-alkali soil, which affects the absorption of plant to nutrient elements in soil and finally leads to poisoning and death.
Saline-alkali soil is one of the serious ecological environment problems faced by global agriculture nowadays, and has serious influence on agricultural sustainable development. Meanwhile, the area of the current cultivated land in China is reduced year by year due to the reasons of building occupation, disaster damage, ecological planting and the like, the contradiction between the expansion of the construction land and the cultivated land protection is gradually revealed, new land resources are urgently needed to be developed to solve the problem of the current cultivated land, the saline-alkali land is one of the most extensive land resources in the world, and how to fully develop and utilize the saline-alkali land while solving the problem of soil salinization becomes an important direction for the current research and development.
At present, the domestic salinized soil control technology mainly comprises the following steps: water conservancy improvement technology, physical improvement technology, chemical improvement technology, biological improvement technology and the like. The water conservancy improvement technology adopted at present comprises channels, blind channels, plant stream transpiration, well irrigation and well drainage and the like. The main measures for physical treatment of the saline-alkali soil comprise land leveling, deep ploughing and soil loosening, scientific cultivation, flushing and salt removing and the like, and the current situation of soil salinization can be relieved to a certain extent. Under the action of physical improvement technology, the volume weight of saline-alkali soil is reduced, the porosity and permeability of soil are increased, the water movement of soil is adjusted, and the soil fertility is improved. Chemical modification techniques work by applying chemically modified materials, which mainly include: gypsum, fly ash, citric acid, black alum, phosphogypsum and the like. After the modified material is applied, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are changed, and the acidity is increased. The chemical improvement is to apply some acidic salt substances to improve the property of saline-alkali soil, reduce the pH value of the soil, increase the cation replacement capacity of the soil, reduce the salt content of the soil, enhance the activity of microorganisms and enzymes in the soil and promote the growth of plant roots. Improving the physical property of soil, increasing the granular structure of soil, coordinating the water, fertilizer and gas heat of soil and increasing the fertility of soil. The saline-alkali soil is improved by biological measures in the traditional sense, namely the saline-alkali soil is improved by plants, the method is easy to implement, and the economic benefit is obvious. The biological measures can gradually change the physical characteristics of the soil, so that the soil structure is changed, the texture becomes loose, and the air permeability and water storage capacity are enhanced.
However, the water conservancy improvement technology, the physical improvement technology, the chemical improvement technology and the biological improvement technology have the problems of single function and unstable effect at present, focus on solving the soil problem, and do not have too many researches on whether the subsequent improved soil can be actually used for planting and can be fully developed and utilized, so that the problems of improvement and utilization of the saline-alkali soil are not fundamentally solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel saline-alkali soil conditioner, which combines a chemical improvement technology and a biological improvement technology, effectively improves the physical and chemical properties of soil, increases the biological activity of the soil so as to promote the growth of crops, improve the yield and disease resistance of the crops and really realize the improvement and full utilization of the saline-alkali soil.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of biological activated carbon, 20-40 parts of humic acid, 20-50 parts of organic base material, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of active acid and 3-5 parts of microbial flora.
Further, the preparation method of the biological activated carbon comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the straws, soaking the straws in a mixed aqueous solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid for 1-3h, filtering, and keeping the temperature of filter residues in the air atmosphere at 800 ℃ for activating for 1-2h to obtain the biological activated carbon.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the straw to the mixed solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 1:3-5, and the mixed solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is a 50% mass concentration aqueous solution prepared according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
Further, the organic base material is one or a mixture of furfural residue, soybean meal and cottonseed meal.
Further, the active acid is bamboo vinegar.
Further, the microbial flora consists of klebsiella oxytoca, bacillus neau and bacillus subtilis, and is prepared by adopting the following method: respectively inoculating Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis to LB culture medium, performing shake culture until the bacteria content is O.D600 approximately equal to 2.0, mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, and drying to obtain the product.
Further, the klebsiella oxytoca is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), address: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 2/25 in 2015, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.15628.
Further, the bacillus neau, purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), address: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 20 in No. 3 month in 2017, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.16140.
Further, the bacillus subtilis is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), address: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 10 of 12 months in 2014, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.14985.
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
1) preparing the biological activated carbon: drying and crushing straws, soaking the straws in a mixed aqueous solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid for 1-3h, filtering, and keeping the temperature of filter residues in the air atmosphere at 800 ℃ for activation for 1-2h to obtain biological activated carbon;
2) mixing 30-60 parts of biological activated carbon, 20-40 parts of humic acid, 20-50 parts of organic base material, 10-20 parts of diatomite and 5-10 parts of active acid, adding water accounting for 50-70% of the mixed weight, heating to 40-55 ℃, stirring magnetically for 30-60 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and drying to obtain a mixture A;
3) respectively inoculating acid-producing Klebsiella, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis to an LB culture medium, performing shake culture until the bacteria content is O.D600 approximately equal to 2.0, mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, and drying to obtain a microbial flora;
4) and (4) uniformly mixing the microbial flora obtained in the step (3) with the mixture A, and fully drying to obtain the soil conditioner.
The application amount of the soil conditioner is 100-2And adjusting the application amount according to the actual land condition.
The saline-alkali soil is poor in structure, air permeability and water permeability, small in porosity and easy to crust, so that the growth of plants is limited. On one hand, saline-alkali soil is high in salt content, and a large amount of Na easy to leach exists+And K+The exchangeable sodium increases the tendency of crushing or disintegration when the aggregate becomes wet, and when the clay particles and the powder particles released by the disintegrated aggregate are washed downwards in the section, soil pores are blocked, which is the main reason of poor permeability of saline-alkali soil; on the other hand, saline-alkali soil has poor biological activity, beneficial microorganisms are difficult to survive, so that crops are difficult to grow, and the quality and disease resistance of the crops cannot be compared with those of normal cultivated land crops. This makes saline-alkali soil not normally applied to agricultural planting at all.
Therefore, attention should be paid not only to the improvement of the physicochemical properties of the soil, but also to the improvement of the biological activity of the soil. The invention combines chemical control and biological control, effectively stabilizes soil Ph, reduces soil volume weight, and the like, and simultaneously promotes soil microbial biomass and crop yield and quality. The invention firstly complexes through citric acid and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, and sinters at high temperature, so that the biological activated carbon has rich microporous structure, larger specific surface area, enhanced adsorption capacity and rich surface functional groups, after the biological activated carbon is applied to soil, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, the formation of soil micro-aggregates is promoted, the soil structure is improved, sheltering places are provided for soil microorganisms and the microbial flora of the invention, the reproduction and the growth of microbial communities are promoted, the increase of the soil microorganisms is reacted with the soil structure, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, a virtuous cycle is formed, and finally the purpose of improving saline alkali is realized.
The invention adds the microbial flora consisting of the acid-producing Klebsiella, the Bacillus nitafii and the Bacillus subtilis, active substances secreted by the acid-producing Klebsiella can generate bioactive acid, can effectively neutralize alkaline components in soil, promote the activity of beneficial bacteria in the soil, inhibit the activity of harmful bacteria in the soil, do not cause any damage to plants and the soil, have excellent nitrogen fixation capacity and can provide continuous and effective nitrogen elements for crops. The physiological active substances such as gibberellin, indoleacetic acid, cytokinin and the like and protein amino acid substances secreted by the Bacillus neau and the Bacillus subtilis can effectively promote growth and disease resistance of crops, and can promote metal ions in soil to be released in an exchange manner and reduce salt content. The three are mutually matched and have synergistic effect, and the reduction of the soil salt content and the improvement of the biological activity are jointly realized.
The bamboo vinegar liquid is also added, and the bamboo vinegar liquid has complex components, mainly comprises water (about 80 percent), and secondly comprises organic acid, phenols, alcohols and the like. The bamboo vinegar can regulate the pH level of soil on one hand, and the organic components in the bamboo vinegar liquid on the other side can help active substances secreted by flora to deeply permeate on the surface and inside of the plant, so that the prevention and treatment effect is enhanced.
The diatomite can assist the biological activated carbon to play an adsorption role and protect microbial flora to fully play a role. The organic fertilizer can increase the secretion of root systems and provide more energy substances for soil microorganisms, so that the amount of the soil microorganisms is increased, and the crop yield is increased.
In conclusion, the efficient soil conditioner is formed by mutually matching and jointly playing the effects of the raw materials, and the mode of combining chemical prevention and biological technology effectively adjusts the physical and chemical properties of soil and improves and promotes the microenvironment of soil organisms at the same time, so that the quality of crops is finally improved, the disease resistance is enhanced, the yield is increased, and the efficient sustainable development of agriculture is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of the obtained bio-activated carbon, wherein a is obtained in example 3 of the present invention and b is obtained in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of biological activated carbon, 20 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of organic base material, 10 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of active acid and 3 parts of microbial flora.
The preparation method of the biological activated carbon comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the straws, soaking the straws in a mixed aqueous solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid for 1h, filtering, and carrying out heat preservation and activation on filter residues at 800 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 1h to obtain the biological activated carbon.
Further, the mass ratio of the straw to the mixed solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 1:3, and the mixed solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is an aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 50% prepared by the mass ratio of 1: 1.
The organic bottom material is furfural residue.
The active acid is bamboo vinegar.
The microbial flora consists of Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis, and is prepared by the following method: respectively inoculating Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis to LB culture medium, performing shake culture until the bacteria content is O.D600 approximately equal to 2.0, mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, and drying to obtain the product.
The Klebsiella oxytoca is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), and the address is as follows: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 2/25 in 2015, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.15628.
The Bacillus neau, purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), addresses: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 20 in No. 3 month in 2017, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.16140.
The bacillus subtilis is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), and has the address: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 10 of 12 months in 2014, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.14985.
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
1) preparing the biological activated carbon: drying and crushing straws, soaking the straws in a mixed aqueous solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid for 1h, filtering, and carrying out heat preservation and activation on filter residues at 800 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 1h to obtain biological activated carbon;
2) mixing 30 parts of biological activated carbon, 20 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of organic base material, 10 parts of diatomite and 5 parts of active acid, adding water with the mixing weight of 50%, heating to 40 ℃, stirring magnetically and stirring for 30 minutes, cooling to room temperature and drying to obtain a mixture A;
3) respectively inoculating acid-producing Klebsiella, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis to an LB culture medium, performing shake culture until the bacteria content is O.D600 approximately equal to 2.0, mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, and drying to obtain a microbial flora;
4) and (4) uniformly mixing the microbial flora obtained in the step (3) with the mixture A, and fully drying to obtain the soil conditioner.
Example 2
The saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of biological activated carbon, 30 parts of humic acid, 40 parts of organic base material, 15 parts of diatomite, 8 parts of active acid and 4 parts of microbial flora.
The preparation method of the biological activated carbon comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the straws, soaking the straws in a mixed aqueous solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid for 2 hours, filtering, and carrying out heat preservation and activation on filter residues at 800 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 1.5 hours to obtain the biological activated carbon.
The mass ratio of the straw to the mixed solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 1:4, and the mixed solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is a 50% mass concentration aqueous solution prepared according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
The organic bottom material is soybean meal.
The active acid is bamboo vinegar.
The microbial flora consists of Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis, and is prepared by the following method: respectively inoculating Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis to LB culture medium, performing shake culture until the bacteria content is O.D600 approximately equal to 2.0, mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, and drying to obtain the product.
The Klebsiella oxytoca is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), and the address is as follows: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 2/25 in 2015, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.15628.
Further, the bacillus neau, purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), address: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 20 in No. 3 month in 2017, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.16140.
Further, the bacillus subtilis is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), address: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 10 of 12 months in 2014, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.14985.
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
1) preparing the biological activated carbon: drying and crushing straws, soaking the straws in a mixed aqueous solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid for 2 hours, filtering, and carrying out heat preservation and activation on filter residues at 800 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 1.5 hours to obtain biological activated carbon;
2) mixing 50 parts of biological activated carbon, 30 parts of humic acid, 40 parts of organic base material, 15 parts of diatomite and 8 parts of active acid, adding water with the mixing weight of 60%, heating to 50 ℃, stirring magnetically and stirring for 40 minutes, cooling to room temperature and drying to obtain a mixture A;
3) respectively inoculating acid-producing Klebsiella, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis to an LB culture medium, performing shake culture until the bacteria content is O.D600 approximately equal to 2.0, mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, and drying to obtain a microbial flora;
4) and (4) uniformly mixing the microbial flora obtained in the step (3) with the mixture A, and fully drying to obtain the soil conditioner.
Example 3
The saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of biological activated carbon, 40 parts of humic acid, 50 parts of organic base material, 20 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of active acid and 5 parts of microbial flora.
The preparation method of the biological activated carbon comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the straws, soaking the straws in a mixed aqueous solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid for 3 hours, filtering, and carrying out heat preservation and activation on filter residues at 800 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 2 hours to obtain the biological activated carbon.
The mass ratio of the straw to the mixed solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is 1:5, and the mixed solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid is a 50% mass concentration aqueous solution prepared according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
The organic bottom material is cotton dregs.
The active acid is bamboo vinegar.
The microbial flora consists of Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis, and is prepared by the following method: respectively inoculating Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis to LB culture medium, performing shake culture until the bacteria content is O.D600 approximately equal to 2.0, mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, and drying to obtain the product.
Further, the klebsiella oxytoca is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), address: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 2/25 in 2015, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.15628.
Further, the bacillus neau, purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), address: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 20 in No. 3 month in 2017, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.16140.
Further, the bacillus subtilis is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), address: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 10 of 12 months in 2014, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.14985.
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
1) preparing the biological activated carbon: drying and crushing straws, soaking the straws in a mixed aqueous solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid for 3 hours, filtering, and carrying out heat preservation and activation on filter residues at 800 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 2 hours to obtain biological activated carbon;
2) mixing 60 parts of biological activated carbon, 40 parts of humic acid, 50 parts of organic base material, 20 parts of diatomite and 10 parts of active acid, adding water with the mixing weight of 70%, heating to 55 ℃, stirring and magnetically stirring for 60 minutes, cooling to room temperature and drying to obtain a mixture A;
3) respectively inoculating acid-producing Klebsiella, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis to an LB culture medium, performing shake culture until the bacteria content is O.D600 approximately equal to 2.0, mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, and drying to obtain a microbial flora;
4) and (4) uniformly mixing the microbial flora obtained in the step (3) with the mixture A, and fully drying to obtain the soil conditioner.
Comparative example 1
The saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of biological activated carbon, 40 parts of humic acid, 50 parts of organic base material, 20 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of active acid and 5 parts of microbial flora.
The preparation method of the biological activated carbon comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the straws, and then, preserving heat and activating for 2 hours at 800 ℃ in the air atmosphere to obtain the biological activated carbon.
The organic bottom material is cotton dregs.
The active acid is bamboo vinegar.
The microbial flora consists of Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis, and is prepared by the following method: respectively inoculating Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis to LB culture medium, performing shake culture until the bacteria content is O.D600 approximately equal to 2.0, mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, and drying to obtain the product.
Further, the klebsiella oxytoca is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), address: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 2/25 in 2015, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.15628.
Further, the bacillus neau, purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), address: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 20 in No. 3 month in 2017, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.16140.
Further, the bacillus subtilis is purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), address: west road No. 1 hospital No. 3, north jing, chaoyang district, preservation date: no. 10 of 12 months in 2014, and the preservation number is CGMCC 1.14985.
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
1) preparing the biological activated carbon: drying and crushing straws, soaking the straws in a mixed aqueous solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid for 3 hours, filtering, and carrying out heat preservation and activation on filter residues at 800 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 2 hours to obtain biological activated carbon;
2) mixing 60 parts of biological activated carbon, 40 parts of humic acid, 50 parts of organic base material, 20 parts of diatomite and 10 parts of active acid, adding water with the mixing weight of 70%, heating to 55 ℃, stirring and magnetically stirring for 60 minutes, cooling to room temperature and drying to obtain a mixture A;
3) respectively inoculating acid-producing Klebsiella, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis to an LB culture medium, performing shake culture until the bacteria content is O.D600 approximately equal to 2.0, mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, and drying to obtain a microbial flora;
4) and (4) uniformly mixing the microbial flora obtained in the step (3) with the mixture A, and fully drying to obtain the soil conditioner.
This comparative example is the same as example 3 except that the preparation method of bio-organic carbon is different from example 3.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example was the same as example 3 except that Klebsiella oxytoca was not added to the microbial flora.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example was the same as example 3 except that Bacillus neau was not added to the microbial population.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example was the same as example 3 except that Bacillus subtilis was not added to the microbial flora.
Testing
The activated carbon obtained in example 3 of the present invention and the activated carbon obtained in comparative example 1 were observed by a scanning electron microscope, as can be seen from FIG. 1:
the biological activated carbon obtained by the method of the invention has an obvious porous structure (figure 1a), while the activated carbon obtained by the comparative example is only of a net structure (figure 1b), so that the absorption effect on nutrient elements is poor, and the protection effect on microorganisms is far behind that of the activated carbon obtained by the method of the invention.
Planting test
General description of the test site
The test is arranged in an agriculture demonstration garden of Yangquan Yangzifengxi Fei group, Limited liability company, and the soil type is yellow moisture soil. The test vegetable greenhouse has the advantages that the soil is seriously salinized by secondary salinization, the pH value of the soil is 8.2, and the soil contains 18.61g/kg of organic matters, 75.31g/kg of available phosphorus, 65.72g/kg of available potassium and 140.65g/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen.
The lettuce variety to be tested is head lettuce which is respectively subjected to 3 tests in 2019-2021, sown every 10 months, harvested 2 months in the next year, plant spacing is 30cm, and transplanting density is 9 ten thousand plants/hm2。
The test set 8 treatments as the example, the comparative, and the blank control. Random block arrangement with cell area of 30m2Setting 1m wide protection row among cells, and applying amount of 100kg/hm2。
Yield of the product
And (4) harvesting and measuring yield of each cell during harvesting, recording biological yield and economic yield, and measuring and calculating economic coefficients. Economic coefficient is economic yield/biological yield x 100%.
Quality of product
Measuring the soluble sugar content of lettuce by adopting an anthrone method; the content of nitrate nitrogen (nitrate) is measured by using a phenoldisulfonic acid spectrophotometry method
TABLE 1 lettuce planting experiment effect
The improvement effect of the conditioner on the physicochemical property of the soil is further tested, and the physicochemical property of the soil before and after planting is measured.
Measurement method
Physical properties of soil
The soil physical property measurement items include soil volume weight, porosity, air permeability porosity and water-stable agglomerates.
Soil volume weight and porosity:
and (3) measuring the volume weight by adopting a ring cutter method, and respectively calculating the total porosity and the ventilation porosity of the soil by combining the measurement of the saturated water content of the soil and the measurement of the field moisture content.
Water-stable macro-aggregates:
and (4) measuring by using a soil aggregate analyzer, and measuring the content of the water-stable aggregates with the particle size of more than 0.25 mm.
Chemical properties of soil
The pH value of the soil is as follows:
the pure water used was boiled in advance to remove carbon dioxide as measured by a pH meter (Rehmagnet, Shanghai) method, and the water-soil ratio was 2.5: 1.0 (volume-mass ratio) as recommended by the International soil society.
Soil organic matter:
the measurement is carried out by adopting a potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method.
And (3) determination of soil nutrients: total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen: determining total nitrogen by a Dumas azotometer firing method; determining alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen by an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; available phosphorus, available potassium: the concrete method refers to the third edition of Bayshaden 'soil agro-chemical analysis'. Can accurately master the basic nutrient condition of the soil.
And (3) determination of soil microorganism content:
the content of soil microorganisms can be known through culturing and counting by a traditional plate culture method, the soil microorganisms can promote the decomposition of organic matters and the conversion of nutrients in soil, and the richer the microorganisms are, the stronger the self-regulation capability and activity of the soil are.
And (3) soil enzyme activity determination: the soil urease and protease are determined by conventional method of measuring soil enzyme in "soil enzyme and method research" of Guansong shade (1986). The activity of soil enzyme directly influences the activity of soil microorganisms, and can reflect the activity of soil to a certain extent.
The results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 2 soil improvement effect data
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only some of the preferred modes for implementing the invention, and not all of them. Obviously, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of biological activated carbon, 20-40 parts of humic acid, 20-50 parts of organic base material, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of active acid and 3-5 parts of microbial flora.
2. The saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the biological activated carbon comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the straws, soaking the straws in a mixed aqueous solution of citric acid and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid for 1-3h, filtering, and keeping the temperature of filter residues in the air atmosphere at 800 ℃ for activating for 1-2h to obtain the biological activated carbon.
3. The saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the straw to the mixed solution of citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is 1:3-5, and the mixed solution of citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is a 50% mass concentration aqueous solution prepared at a mass ratio of 1: 1.
4. The saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic base material is one or a mixture of furfural residue, soybean meal and cottonseed meal.
5. The saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the active acid is bamboo vinegar.
6. The saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the microbial flora consists of klebsiella oxytoca, bacillus neau and bacillus subtilis, and is prepared by the following method: respectively inoculating Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus neau and Bacillus subtilis to LB culture medium, performing shake culture until the bacteria content is O.D600 approximately equal to 2.0, mixing according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, and drying to obtain the product.
7. The saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the Klebsiella oxytoca is CGMCC 1.15628.
8. The improver for improving the soil of a saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the Bacillus neau is Bacillus neau CGMCC 1.16140.
9. The saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the bacillus subtilis is bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.14985.
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