CN110615711A - Soil conditioner for adjusting salinity and alkalinity and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Soil conditioner for adjusting salinity and alkalinity and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil conditioner for adjusting salinity and alkalinity and a preparation method thereof, and the key point of the technical scheme is that the soil conditioner for adjusting the salinity and alkalinity comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of bamboo vinegar liquid, 20-30 parts of amino acid compound liquid, 50-60 parts of plant fermentation fertilizer, 10-20 parts of animal organic fertilizer and 1-3 parts of biological agent. The bamboo vinegar extracted from the bamboo wastes is used as a main raw material, and the bamboo vinegar is matched with amino acid complex liquid, plant fermentation fertilizer, animal organic fertilizer and biological agent to increase the permeability of soil, reduce the pH value and salinity of the soil, increase the release of organic matters in the soil, increase the fertility, improve the activity of magnesium ions, calcium ions and other ions in the soil, and improve the absorption and utilization rate of plants on nutrient substances in the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil conditioners, in particular to a soil conditioner for adjusting the salinity and the alkalinity and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Soil conditioner is also called soil conditioner, and is a material mainly used for improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, so that the soil conditioner is more suitable for plant growth rather than mainly providing plant nutrients. The soil conditioner has good effects of improving physical and chemical properties of soil, improving the ion exchange rate of the soil and the like, so the soil conditioner is widely applied to the treatment of saline-alkali soil. The saline-alkali soil is mainly characterized by containing higher water-soluble salt and alkaline substances, low organic matter content of the soil, poor granular structure, few selectable varieties in the saline-alkali soil, low yield and poor benefit, and always restricts the development of agricultural planting industry. In coastal areas of China, soil salinization is increasingly serious due to the fact that the land is soaked by seawater for a long time, and comprehensive treatment, development and utilization of saline-alkali soil are of great significance due to the fact that land resources are increasingly deficient. The existing soil conditioner mainly comprises minerals such as peat, zeolite, lime, gypsum and the like; natural and semi-synthetic water-soluble polymers, such as straw polysaccharide material, cellulose material, lignin material and resin glue material; artificially synthesized high molecules such as polypropylene; beneficial microbial agents, such as seaweed extract, humic acid fertilizer, etc.
In the prior art, a Chinese patent with application number of 201410279016.0 discloses a soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof and a method for improving saline-alkali soil of an afforestation site, wherein the soil conditioner is prepared by the following preparation method: uniformly mixing required amount of desulfurized gypsum, humic acid, magnesium sulfate, water-soluble high polymer and solid acid to obtain the soil conditioner, wherein the solid acid is sodium bisulfate. In order to reduce the pH value of the saline-alkali soil, some acidic substances are usually added into a soil conditioner to neutralize alkaline substances in the saline-alkali soil, the acidic substances can be divided into inorganic acid and organic acid, the inorganic acid has strong acidity, although the inorganic acid has a good neutralizing effect on the alkaline substances in the soil in a short time, after the inorganic acid is added, the acidity and alkalinity of the soil can be rapidly changed, the effect persistence is poor, and the organic acid has good buffering performance, so that the organic acid is more suitable for soil improvement.
However, the traditional organic acid has high cost, which leads to high treatment cost of saline-alkali soil, so people seek to utilize plant waste materials to improve soil by the organic acid in the plant waste materials, but the utilization rate of the plant waste materials is still low at present, which causes waste to a certain extent; therefore, it is a problem to be solved how to fully utilize plant wastes in a soil conditioner and improve the effect of the soil conditioner.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil conditioner for adjusting salinity and alkalinity, which takes bamboo vinegar extracted from bamboo wastes as a main raw material, and can increase the permeability of soil, reduce the pH value and the salt content of the soil, increase the release of organic matters in the soil, increase the fertility, improve the activity of magnesium ions, calcium ions and other ions in the soil, and improve the absorption and utilization rate of plants on nutrient substances in the soil by matching with amino acid complex liquid, plant fermentation fertilizer, animal organic fertilizer and biological agent.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a soil conditioner for adjusting salinity and alkalinity comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of bamboo vinegar liquid, 20-30 parts of amino acid composite liquid, 50-60 parts of plant fermentation fertilizer, 10-20 parts of animal organic fertilizer and 1-3 parts of biological agent;
the bamboo vinegar liquid is prepared by the following method: crushing and sieving bamboo waste to obtain coarse bamboo powder with the fineness of 40-60 meshes; carbonizing the crude bamboo powder at the temperature of 300-400 ℃ for 60-80min, collecting smoke generated in the carbonization process of the crude bamboo powder, and cooling the smoke to obtain crude bamboo vinegar; thirdly, adding 2-hydroxypropionic acid and L-malic acid into the rough bamboo vinegar liquid, preserving the heat for 3-5h at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, then heating to 150 ℃ and 170 ℃, and collecting the distillation product to obtain the bamboo vinegar liquid.
By adopting the technical scheme, the bamboo vinegar is obtained by extracting rough bamboo vinegar from bamboo wastes, and distilling the bamboo vinegar through the matching of 2-hydroxypropionic acid and L-malic acid, so that the bamboo vinegar has more stable performance, contains abundant organic acids, phenols, ketones, alcohols and other substances, can increase the permeability of soil, has a neutralizing effect on saline-alkali soil, increases the release of organic matters in the soil, increases the fertility, improves the activity of magnesium ions, calcium ions and other ions in the soil, and improves the absorption and utilization rate of plants on nutrient substances in the soil; the soil conditioner compounded by the bamboo vinegar liquid, the amino acid compound liquid, the plant fermented fertilizer, the animal organic fertilizer and the biological agent can improve the soil structure, reduce the pH value and the salt content of the soil, increase the soil nutrition and improve the stress resistance of plants.
Further, the addition amount of the 2-hydroxypropionic acid is 3% of the crude bamboo vinegar, and the addition amount of the L-malic acid is 1% of the crude bamboo vinegar.
By adopting the technical scheme, the 2-hydroxypropionic acid and the L-malic acid added in the preparation of the bamboo vinegar liquid are beneficial to improving the stability and the activity of the bamboo vinegar liquid and improving the soil improvement effect of the bamboo vinegar liquid; when the bamboo vinegar liquid obtained by adding 2-hydroxypropionic acid and L-malic acid is used for preparing the amino acid compound liquid, the hydrolysis extraction of amino acids in the shell powder by the bamboo vinegar liquid and phosphoric acid can be promoted; in the preparation of the plant fermented fertilizer, the bamboo vinegar liquid obtained by adding the 2-hydroxypropionic acid and the L-malic acid can also provide energy for the biological microbial inoculum and improve the decomposition efficiency of organic matters.
Further, the amino acid complex liquid is prepared by adopting the following method: taking waste shell, shrimp shell, crab shell and fishbone, cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain shell powder with the fineness of 40-60 meshes; adding bamboo vinegar and phosphoric acid into shell powder, heating to 80-90 deg.C, stirring, hydrolyzing for 16-20 hr, separating solid and liquid, and collecting liquid as amino acid complex liquid.
By adopting the technical scheme, the bamboo vinegar and the phosphoric acid are used for replacing the traditional inorganic acid to extract the beneficial components in the shell powder, the obtained amino acid composite solution can increase the soil nutrition, and the added phosphorus element and the organic acid can improve the nutrient balance of the soil and improve the effectiveness of trace elements in the soil; and the acidic substances of the amino acid composite liquid can reduce the pH value of the saline-alkali soil and improve the soil structure.
Furthermore, the addition amount of the bamboo vinegar is 20% of the weight of the shell powder, and the addition amount of the phosphoric acid is 5% of the weight of the shell powder.
Further, the plant fermented fertilizer is prepared by adopting the following method: a, uniformly stirring 30-40 parts of bamboo vinegar, 10-20 parts of polyuronic acid, 5-10 parts of propylene glycol alginate, 5-10 parts of carbon source, 1-2 parts of biological agent and 80-100 parts of water in parts by weight, and then preserving heat for 1-2 days at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution; b. taking 100-60 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 50-60 parts of bagasse, 40-50 parts of furfural slag and 20-30 parts of shell slag, adding the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting, turning over for 2-3 times every day when the temperature reaches 60-65 ℃, and standing for 6-8 days to obtain the plant fermented fertilizer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the raw materials in the plant fermented fertilizer are mainly plant waste materials, the raw material cost is low, the plant fermented fertilizer is matched with the prepared bamboo vinegar, the energy can be increased for the biological agent, and after the plant fermented fertilizer is mixed with the mixed solution containing polyuronic acid and propylene glycol alginate fatty acid ester, the plant fermented fertilizer has a good effect of inhibiting soil salt return, the prepared plant fermented fertilizer has strong cation exchange capacity, chelate formation of the plant fermented fertilizer with metal elements such as aluminum and iron can be improved, alkaline substances in soil can be neutralized, soil hardening is prevented, organic-inorganic aggregate is formed, the physical property of the soil is improved, the stress resistance of the soil is improved, and a good soil ecological environment is formed. Organic matters in the plant fermented fertilizer are decomposed to generate humic acid, vitamins, antibiotics and various enzymes, so that the nutrient environment of crop roots is improved, the growth and development of the crop roots and overground parts are promoted, and the nutrient absorption capacity of crops is improved; the compound microbial inoculum is matched with an animal organic fertilizer, can provide various beneficial microbial agents, improves the fertilizer utilization rate and reduces the harm of soil-borne diseases.
Further, the bamboo charcoal powder is the residual solid substance after the coarse bamboo powder is carbonized in the third step.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the bamboo vinegar is prepared, the residual solid substances can be reused in the plant fermented fertilizer, so that the maximum utilization of resources is realized.
Further, the shell residues are solid residues in the amino acid complex liquid.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the marine biological waste is adopted to extract the amino acid complex liquid, the remained solid residues can be reused in the plant fermented fertilizer, thereby realizing the maximum utilization of resources.
Further, the carbon source is one of molasses and glucose or a compound of molasses and glucose.
By adopting the technical scheme, the molasses and the glucose can provide energy for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, and the activity of the biological agent is improved.
Further, the biological agent is bacillus.
By adopting the technical scheme, the bacillus has strong decomposition power on organic matters, can decompose difficultly decomposed macromolecular substances into utilizable micromolecular substances, and can synthesize various substances such as organic acids, enzymes, physiological activities and the like and other easily utilized nutrients.
Further, the animal organic fertilizer is wormcast.
By adopting the technical scheme, the wormcast has good air permeability, water drainage and high water holding capacity, the contact area of soil and air can be increased, and the hardening condition of the soil is reduced; and because the wormcast has a large surface area, the wormcast is beneficial to promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms, has obvious fertilizer effect and does not generate negative damage to crops.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the soil conditioner for adjusting the salinity and alkalinity.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a soil conditioner for adjusting salinity and alkalinity comprises the following steps: taking 100-150 parts of bamboo vinegar liquid, 20-30 parts of amino acid composite liquid, 50-60 parts of plant fermentation fertilizer, 10-20 parts of animal organic fertilizer and 1-3 parts of biological agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soil conditioner containing plant waste.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the bamboo vinegar is obtained by extracting rough bamboo vinegar from bamboo wastes, and distilling the bamboo vinegar through the matching of 2-hydroxypropionic acid and L-malic acid, has more stable performance, contains abundant organic acids, phenols, ketones, alcohols and other substances, can increase the permeability of soil, has a neutralizing effect on saline-alkali soil, increases the release of organic matters in the soil, increases the fertility, improves the activity of magnesium ions, calcium ions and other ions in the soil, and improves the absorption and utilization rate of plants on nutrient substances in the soil; the soil conditioner compounded by the bamboo vinegar liquid, the amino acid compound liquid, the plant fermented fertilizer, the animal organic fertilizer and the biological agent can improve the soil structure, reduce the pH value and the salt content of the soil, increase the soil nutrition and improve the stress resistance of plants;
2. the 2-hydracrylic acid and the L-malic acid added during the preparation of the bamboo vinegar liquid are beneficial to improving the stability and the activity of the bamboo vinegar liquid and improving the soil improvement effect of the bamboo vinegar liquid; when the bamboo vinegar liquid obtained by adding 2-hydroxypropionic acid and L-malic acid is used for preparing the amino acid compound liquid, the hydrolysis extraction of amino acids in the shell powder by the bamboo vinegar liquid and phosphoric acid can be promoted; in the preparation of the plant fermented fertilizer, the bamboo vinegar liquid obtained by adding the 2-hydroxypropionic acid and the L-malic acid can also provide energy for the biological microbial inoculum and improve the decomposition efficiency of organic matters;
3. the bamboo vinegar and the phosphoric acid are used for replacing the traditional inorganic acid to extract the beneficial components in the shell powder, the obtained amino acid composite liquid can increase the soil nutrition, and the added phosphorus element and the organic acid can improve the nutrient balance of the soil and improve the effectiveness of trace elements in the soil; the acidic substance of the amino acid composite liquid can reduce the pH value of the saline-alkali soil and improve the soil structure;
4. the raw materials in the plant fermented fertilizer are mainly plant waste materials, the cost of the raw materials is low, the plant fermented fertilizer can be matched with the prepared bamboo vinegar, the energy of the biological agent can be improved, the plant fermented fertilizer can be mixed with a mixed solution containing polyuronic acid and propylene glycol alginate fatty acid ester to achieve a good effect of inhibiting soil salt return, the prepared plant fermented fertilizer has strong cation exchange capacity, chelate formation of the plant fermented fertilizer with metal elements such as aluminum and iron can be improved, alkaline substances in soil can be neutralized, soil hardening can be prevented, organic-inorganic aggregates can be formed, the physical properties of the soil can be improved, the stress resistance of the soil can be improved, and a good soil ecological environment can be formed. Organic matters in the plant fermented fertilizer are decomposed to generate humic acid, vitamins, antibiotics and various enzymes, so that the nutrient environment of crop roots is improved, the growth and development of the crop roots and overground parts are promoted, and the nutrient absorption capacity of crops is improved; the compound microbial inoculum is matched with an animal organic fertilizer, can provide various beneficial microbial agents, improves the fertilizer utilization rate and reduces the harm of soil-borne diseases.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below.
First, preparation example of bamboo vinegar solution preparation example 1 of bamboo vinegar solution: crushing and sieving bamboo waste to obtain coarse bamboo powder with the fineness of 40-60 meshes; secondly, carbonizing the crude bamboo powder at the temperature of 300 ℃ for 60min, collecting smoke generated in the carbonization process of the crude bamboo powder, and cooling the smoke to obtain crude bamboo vinegar; ③ adding 2-hydroxypropionic acid accounting for 3 percent of the weight of the crude bamboo vinegar liquid and L-malic acid accounting for 1 percent of the weight of the crude bamboo vinegar liquid into the crude bamboo vinegar liquid, preserving the heat for 3 hours at the temperature of 40 ℃, then heating to 150 ℃, collecting the distillation product to obtain the bamboo vinegar liquid, wherein the residual solid substance is the bamboo charcoal powder.
Preparation example 2 of bamboo vinegar: crushing and sieving bamboo waste to obtain coarse bamboo powder with the fineness of 40-60 meshes; secondly, carbonizing the crude bamboo powder at 350 ℃, wherein the carbonizing time is 70min, collecting smoke generated in the carbonizing process of the crude bamboo powder, and cooling the smoke to obtain crude bamboo vinegar; ③ adding 2-hydroxypropionic acid accounting for 3 percent of the weight of the crude bamboo vinegar liquid and L-malic acid accounting for 1 percent of the weight of the crude bamboo vinegar liquid into the crude bamboo vinegar liquid, preserving the heat for 4 hours at the temperature of 45 ℃, then heating to 160 ℃, collecting the distillation product to obtain the bamboo vinegar liquid, wherein the residual solid substance is the bamboo charcoal powder.
Preparation example 3 of bamboo vinegar: crushing and sieving bamboo waste to obtain coarse bamboo powder with the fineness of 40-60 meshes; secondly, carbonizing the crude bamboo powder at the temperature of 400 ℃ for 80min, collecting smoke generated in the carbonization process of the crude bamboo powder, and cooling the smoke to obtain crude bamboo vinegar; ③ adding 2-hydroxypropionic acid accounting for 3 percent of the weight of the crude bamboo vinegar liquid and L-malic acid accounting for 1 percent of the weight of the crude bamboo vinegar liquid into the crude bamboo vinegar liquid, preserving the heat for 5 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃, then heating to 170 ℃, collecting the distillation product to obtain the bamboo vinegar liquid, wherein the residual solid substance is the bamboo charcoal powder.
Preparation example 4 of bamboo vinegar: the difference between this preparation example and the preparation example 1 of bamboo vinegar is that the step (c) does not contain 2-hydroxypropionic acid and L-malic acid.
Preparation example of amino acid complex solution preparation example 1 of amino acid complex solution: taking waste shell, shrimp shell, crab shell and fishbone, cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain shell powder with the fineness of 40-60 meshes; adding bamboo vinegar 20% of the weight of the shell powder and phosphoric acid 5% of the weight of the shell powder into the shell powder, heating to 80 ℃, stirring and hydrolyzing for 16h, separating solid from liquid, collecting the liquid which is the amino acid composite liquid, and taking the solid remainder as shell residue.
Preparation example 2 of amino acid complex solution: taking waste shell, shrimp shell, crab shell and fishbone, cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain shell powder with the fineness of 40-60 meshes; adding bamboo vinegar 20% of the weight of the shell powder and phosphoric acid 5% of the weight of the shell powder into the shell powder, heating to 85 ℃, stirring and hydrolyzing for 18h, separating solid from liquid, collecting the liquid which is the amino acid composite liquid, and taking the solid remainder as shell residue.
Preparation example 3 of amino acid complex solution: taking waste shell, shrimp shell, crab shell and fishbone, cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain shell powder with the fineness of 40-60 meshes; adding bamboo vinegar 20% of the weight of the shell powder and phosphoric acid 5% of the weight of the shell powder into the shell powder, heating to 90 ℃, stirring and hydrolyzing for 20h, separating solid from liquid, collecting the liquid which is the amino acid composite liquid, and taking the solid remainder as shell residue.
Preparation example 4 of amino acid complex solution: the difference between this preparation example and preparation example 1 of the amino acid complex solution is that 20 wt% hydrochloric acid was used instead of the same amount of bamboo vinegar and phosphoric acid.
Preparation example of plant fermentation fertilizer the following preparation examples were prepared with bamboo vinegar solution selected from preparation example 1 of bamboo vinegar solution, bamboo charcoal powder selected from preparation example 1 of bamboo charcoal powder, and shell residue selected from preparation example 1 of amino acid complex solution.
Preparation example 1 of fermented plant fertilizer: a. uniformly stirring 30kg of bamboo vinegar, 10kg of polyuronic acid, 5kg of propylene glycol alginate, 5kg of molasses, 1kg of bacillus and 80kg of water, and keeping the temperature at 30 ℃ for 1 day to obtain a mixed solution; b. and adding 100kg of bamboo charcoal powder, 50kg of bagasse, 40kg of furfural residue and 20kg of shell residue into the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting, turning over for 2 times every day when the temperature reaches 60 ℃, and standing for 6 days to obtain the plant fermented fertilizer.
Preparation example 2 of fermented plant fertilizer: a. uniformly stirring 35kg of bamboo vinegar, 15kg of polyuronic acid, 7.5kg of propylene glycol alginate, 7.5kg of glucose, 1.5kg of bacillus and 90kg of water, and keeping the temperature at 35 ℃ for 2 days to obtain a mixed solution; b. taking 125kg of bamboo charcoal powder, 55kg of bagasse, 45kg of furfural residue and 25kg of shell residue, adding the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting, turning over for 3 times every day when the temperature reaches 63 ℃, and standing for 7 days to obtain the plant fermented fertilizer.
Preparation example 3 of fermented plant fertilizer: a. uniformly stirring 40kg of bamboo vinegar, 20kg of polyuronic acid, 10kg of propylene glycol alginate, 10kg of molasses, 2kg of bacillus and 100kg of water, and keeping the temperature at 40 ℃ for 2 days to obtain a mixed solution; b. and taking 150kg of bamboo charcoal powder, 60kg of bagasse, 50kg of furfural residue and 30kg of shell residue, adding the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting, turning over for 3 times every day when the temperature reaches 65 ℃, and standing for 8 days to obtain the plant fermented fertilizer.
Preparation example 4 of fermented plant fertilizer: the difference between this production example and production example 1 of the fermented plant fertilizer is that the mixed solution in a does not contain polyuronic acid and propylene glycol alginate.
Example 1: a soil conditioner for adjusting the salinity and alkalinity is prepared by the following method:
100kg of bamboo vinegar (selected from preparation example 1 of bamboo vinegar), 20kg of amino acid complex liquid (selected from preparation example 1 of amino acid complex liquid), 50kg of plant fermentation fertilizer (selected from preparation example 1 of plant fermentation fertilizer), 10kg of wormcast and 1kg of bacillus are uniformly mixed to obtain the soil conditioner containing plant waste.
Example 2: a soil conditioner for adjusting the salinity and alkalinity is prepared by the following method:
the soil conditioner containing the plant waste is obtained by uniformly mixing 125kg of bamboo vinegar (selected from preparation example 2 of bamboo vinegar), 25kg of amino acid complex liquid (selected from preparation example 2 of amino acid complex liquid), 55kg of plant fermentation fertilizer (selected from preparation example 2 of plant fermentation fertilizer), 15kg of wormcast and 2kg of bacillus.
Example 3: a soil conditioner for adjusting the salinity and alkalinity is prepared by the following method:
uniformly mixing 150kg of bamboo vinegar (selected from preparation example 3 of bamboo vinegar), 30kg of amino acid complex liquid (selected from preparation example 3 of amino acid complex liquid), 60kg of plant fermentation fertilizer (selected from preparation example 3 of plant fermentation fertilizer), 20kg of wormcast and 3kg of bacillus to obtain the soil conditioner containing plant waste.
Fifth, comparative example 1: the comparative example is different from example 1 in that the bamboo vinegar was prepared from preparation example 4 of bamboo vinegar.
Comparative example 2: the comparative example is different from example 1 in that the amino acid complex liquid is prepared from preparation example 4 of the amino acid complex liquid; the plant fermented fertilizer is prepared from the preparation example 4 of the plant fermented fertilizer.
Sixth, Experimental methods and results analysis
1. The soil improvement agents in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were diluted 100 times, respectively, to prepare samples; selecting a piece of saline-alkali soil, and randomly dividing the saline-alkali soil into 6 areas which are marked as No. 1 land, No. 2 land, No. 3 land, No. 4 land, No. 5 land and No. 6 land respectively; the diluted samples of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 are respectively sprayed on No. 1-5 land, the spraying amount is 10 kg/mu, and the same amount of clear water is sprayed on the No. 6 land as a control group; testing the soluble full salt (g/kg) and the pH value of the soil before spraying the sample and after spraying the sample for 1h, 1d, 3d and 7d respectively, wherein the soil testing depth is 20 cm; the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the soil conditioner has a good improvement effect on saline-alkali soil, and after 7 days of improvement, the total salt content of the saline-alkali soil can be reduced from 3.3 to 1.9, so that the original pH value is reduced from 9.0 to 7.4; compared with the No. 6 land of the control group, after the clean water is sprayed to the soil, the salt on the surface layer of the soil can be washed into the deep soil, the salt content and the pH value of the soil can be reduced in a short period, but if the spraying is not continued, the salt return phenomenon can occur to the soil, the salt content in the deep soil returns into the surface layer of the soil under the action of the capillary, and the salt content and the pH value of the soil are increased again; the soil conditioner has a neutralization effect on alkaline substances in soil and a complexing effect on salt ions, can slowly act, but is beneficial to continuously reducing the salt content in surface soil along with the prolonging of time, the phenomenon of salt return is avoided, the pH value is gradually reduced to a stable state, and the soil is made to be weakly alkaline.
The bamboo vinegar of comparative example 1 was prepared from preparation example 4 of bamboo vinegar; compared with example 1 of No. 1, comparative example 1 of No. 4 has similar improvement effect with that of No. 1 in the initial stage, but the improvement effect is gradually reduced along with the prolonging of time, which shows that the effective time of the bamboo vinegar can be prolonged and the improvement effect can be improved by adding 2-hydroxypropionic acid and L-malic acid into the bamboo vinegar. The amino acid complex liquid of comparative example 2 was prepared from preparation example 4 of the amino acid complex liquid; the plant fermented fertilizer is prepared from the preparation example 4 of the plant fermented fertilizer; compared with the comparative example 2 of the No. 1 land and the No. 5 land, the improvement effect on the soil is slightly poor, which shows that the amino acid compound liquid and the plant fermented fertilizer have good improvement effect on the soil.
2. For the No. 1 land-No. 6 deeply ploughed land after 7 days of improvement, the same variety of rape was planted on the No. 1 land-No. 6 land respectively, the soil composition and the rape yield were tested 8 months after planting under the same conditions, and the test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
| Item | Number 1 ground | Number 2 ground | Number 3 ground | Number 4 ground | Number 5 ground | Number 6 ground |
| Quick-acting nitrogen, mg/kg | 24.61 | 24.56 | 24.52 | 21.12 | 20.16 | 3.31 |
| Quick-acting phosphorus in mg/kg | 9.85 | 9.82 | 9.82 | 8.41 | 7.65 | 5.0 |
| Quick-acting potassium, mg/kg | 67.6 | 65.9 | 66.0 | 63.5 | 64.6 | 51.1 |
| Organic matter% | 1.651 | 1.641 | 1.645 | 1.531 | 1.412 | 0.34 |
| Total salt, g/kg | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.66 | 1.36 | 0.65 | 2.02 |
| pH value | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 8.8 |
| Rape yield, kg/mu | 234 | 228 | 229 | 201 | 184 | 156 |
As can be seen from the data in table 2, after the soil conditioner of the present invention is used to improve saline-alkali soil, compared with the control group No. 6 land, after rape is planted in the saline-alkali soil, the yield is higher, the contents of quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and organic matters in the soil are higher, and the salinity of the soil after rape is planted is also reduced; although the quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and organic matters in the soil of the No. 4 land and the No. 5 land are all higher than the parameters of the No. 6 land of the control group, the quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and organic matters are still lower than the parameters of the No. 1 land, and the amino acid composite liquid and the plant fermented fertilizer have good improvement effects on the soil, can improve the structure of the soil and improve the crop yield.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A soil conditioner for adjusting salinity and alkalinity is characterized in that: the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of bamboo vinegar liquid, 20-30 parts of amino acid composite liquid, 50-60 parts of plant fermentation fertilizer, 10-20 parts of animal organic fertilizer and 1-3 parts of biological agent;
the bamboo vinegar liquid is prepared by the following method: crushing and sieving bamboo waste to obtain coarse bamboo powder with the fineness of 40-60 meshes; carbonizing the crude bamboo powder at the temperature of 300-400 ℃ for 60-80min, collecting smoke generated in the carbonization process of the crude bamboo powder, and cooling the smoke to obtain crude bamboo vinegar; thirdly, adding 2-hydroxypropionic acid and L-malic acid into the rough bamboo vinegar liquid, preserving the heat for 3-5h at the temperature of 40-50 ℃, then heating to 150 ℃ and 170 ℃, and collecting the distillation product to obtain the bamboo vinegar liquid.
2. The soil conditioner for adjusting salinity and alkalinity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the addition amount of the 2-hydroxypropionic acid is 3% of the crude bamboo vinegar, and the addition amount of the L-malic acid is 1% of the crude bamboo vinegar.
3. The soil conditioner for adjusting salinity and alkalinity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the amino acid complex liquid is prepared by the following method: taking waste shell, shrimp shell, crab shell and fishbone, cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain shell powder with the fineness of 40-60 meshes; adding bamboo vinegar and phosphoric acid into shell powder, heating to 80-90 deg.C, stirring, hydrolyzing for 16-20 hr, separating solid and liquid, and collecting liquid as amino acid complex liquid.
4. A soil conditioner for adjusting salinity and alkalinity according to claim 3, characterized in that: the addition amount of the bamboo vinegar liquid is 20% of the weight of the shell powder, and the addition amount of the phosphoric acid is 5% of the weight of the shell powder.
5. The soil conditioner for adjusting salinity and alkalinity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plant fermented fertilizer is prepared by the following method: a, uniformly stirring 30-40 parts of bamboo vinegar, 10-20 parts of polyuronic acid, 5-10 parts of propylene glycol alginate, 5-10 parts of carbon source, 1-2 parts of biological agent and 80-100 parts of water in parts by weight, and then preserving heat for 1-2 days at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution; b. taking 100-60 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 50-60 parts of bagasse, 40-50 parts of furfural slag and 20-30 parts of shell slag, adding the mixed solution, uniformly mixing, stacking and fermenting, turning over for 2-3 times every day when the temperature reaches 60-65 ℃, and standing for 6-8 days to obtain the plant fermented fertilizer.
6. A soil conditioner for conditioning salinity and alkalinity according to claim 5, characterized in that: the bamboo charcoal powder is the residual solid substance after the coarse bamboo powder is carbonized; the shell residues are solid residues in the amino acid complex liquid.
7. A soil conditioner for conditioning salinity and alkalinity according to claim 5, characterized in that: the carbon source is one of molasses and glucose or a compound of molasses and glucose.
8. A soil conditioner for adjusting salinity and alkalinity according to any one of claims 1 or 5, characterized in that: the biological agent is bacillus.
9. The soil conditioner for adjusting salinity and alkalinity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the animal organic fertilizer is wormcast.
10. A preparation method of a soil conditioner for adjusting the salinity and alkalinity is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: taking 100-150 parts of bamboo vinegar liquid, 40-60 parts of amino acid composite liquid, 50-60 parts of plant fermentation fertilizer, 10-20 parts of animal organic fertilizer and 1-3 parts of biological agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soil conditioner containing plant waste.
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| CN113429977A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-24 | 阳煤丰喜肥业（集团）有限责任公司闻喜复肥分公司 | Saline-alkali soil conditioner |
| CN113548929A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-10-26 | 石河子大学 | Salinized soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114806593A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-29 | 北京化工大学 | Preparation method of composite soil remediation agent containing 3-hydroxypropionic acid fermentation liquor |
| CN115368907A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-11-22 | 山东省葡萄研究院 | Alkaline soil conditioner prepared from grape juice distillation residual liquid and preparation method thereof |
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