CN110818504A - Organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110818504A CN110818504A CN201911116778.8A CN201911116778A CN110818504A CN 110818504 A CN110818504 A CN 110818504A CN 201911116778 A CN201911116778 A CN 201911116778A CN 110818504 A CN110818504 A CN 110818504A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of environment-friendly materials, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer containing modified bagasse and capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil, and a preparation method and an application method thereof. An organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil comprises: modified bagasse, a microbial agent, polyphosphate and/or citrate, livestock and poultry manure and shell powder. Under the synergistic effect of the shell powder, the polyphosphate and/or the citrate on the regulation of the pH value and the nutritional structure of the soil, the modified bagasse can play the maximum role of chelating and adsorbing heavy metal ions in the soil. The livestock and poultry manure, the shell powder, the microbial agent, the polyphosphate and/or the citrate contain elements for supplementing soil fertility, the humic acid, the shell powder and the microbial agent can improve the granular structure of soil, provide good water retention and air permeability of the soil, and show wide space in the aspects of soil quality improvement, crop yield and quality improvement and application of environment-friendly organic agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environment-friendly materials, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer containing modified bagasse and capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil, and a preparation method and an application method thereof.
Background
The heavy metal pollutants in soil mainly comprise mercury, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, arsenic, nickel, iron, manganese, zinc and the like, although arsenic does not belong to heavy metals, the behavior, source and harm of the arsenic are similar to those of heavy metals, so that the arsenic is usually listed as heavy metals for discussion, and as for the needs of plants, metal elements can be divided into 2 types, namely ① elements which are not needed by the growth and development of plants and have obvious harm to the health of human bodies, such as cadmium, mercury, lead and the like, ② elements which are needed by the normal growth and development of plants have certain physiological functions to the human bodies, such as copper, zinc and the like, but the excessive elements cause pollution and hinder the growth and development of the plants.
Soil heavy metals are not decomposed by soil microorganisms, so that the heavy metals are increasingly accumulated in the soil, are absorbed and accumulated by roots of agricultural products and economic crops and migrate in plants, and cause adverse effects on human bodies and other animal health through a food chain. Soil heavy metal pollution is invisible to naked eyes, the biological enrichment effect is strong, and the soil heavy metal pollution cannot be naturally degraded, so that the treatment of the soil heavy metal pollution is more concealed than the harm of the heavy metal pollution in water, and the treatment difficulty is higher.
Sugarcane is used as a commercial crop widely planted in a plurality of provinces in the south of China and is a main raw material of sugar industry. The annual output of sugarcane in China exceeds 11000 ten thousand tons, Bagasse (BGS) as a main waste accounts for 24-27% of the total weight, and compared with other straw crops, the bagasse is high in cellulose and hemicellulose content and high in lignification degree (40% of cellulose, 20% of lignin and 30% of hemicellulose). The sugarcane bagasse mainly comprises the components. Due to the limitation of bagasse conversion and utilization technology, most of bagasse is directly combusted or discarded at present, the utilization rate is low, and not only is resource waste caused, but also environmental pollution is caused. Therefore, many researchers are exploring how to reasonably reuse the bagasse to the utmost extent, so that the environment-friendly waste resource can continuously play a role in environmental pollution treatment.
Wangchunyun et al, in research on heavy metal pollutant adsorption based on bagasse biology (contemporary chemical engineering, 2017, stage 01), disclose that bagasse is activated by acid soaking, and then carbonized at high temperature to prepare activated carbon with better performance for removing heavy metal ions in wastewater. In the research on the preparation and performance of bagasse cation adsorbents, bagasse is chemically modified with acrylonitrile, hydroxylamine and phosphorus oxychloride, and the modified bagasse absorbs and removes heavy metal ions in an aqueous solution. The results of these studies are based on the removal of heavy metals from waste water. The bagasse activated carbon has the defects of removing heavy metal ions in wastewater and adsorbing pollutants in wastewater and sewage by activated carbon from other sources, namely, the bagasse activated carbon is ineffective quickly due to adsorption saturation, is difficult to regenerate and has high cost, so that the effect of removing the heavy metal ions is limited. Many other studies, like jadeite and the like, have focused on the use of modified bagasse for the adsorption removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions, with the following overall drawbacks in varying degrees: (1) the types of the heavy metals which are effectively adsorbed are single; (2) the conditions under which adsorption occurs are relatively strict; (3) the treatment and disposal process of the adsorption product is complicated. In the aspect of soil heavy metal pollution treatment, no application report of bagasse and derivatives thereof as heavy metal pollution removal exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, it is desirable to provide a bagasse product capable of reducing heavy metal pollution in soil, which at least has high efficiency in removing heavy metal components in soil, does not cause secondary heavy metal pollution to soil, surface water and underground water, and has significant effects in reducing heavy metal pollution level of crops and improving crop yield and quality.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect of the present invention, the inventors provide an organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises, in parts by weight of dry matter: 30-87 parts of modified bagasse; 0.1-0.3 part of microbial agent; 0.2-0.8 part of polyphosphate and/or citrate; 5-15 parts of livestock and poultry manure; 20-55 parts of shell powder.
In a second aspect of the present invention, the inventors provide a method for preparing an organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil, comprising the following steps: uniformly mixing 30-87 parts of modified bagasse and 5-15 parts of livestock and poultry manure, adding 0.1-0.3 part of aqueous solution of microbial agent, standing for 5-10 days, turning over, spreading for cooling, continuously standing for 5-10 days, adding 0.2-0.8 part of polyphosphate and/or citrate and 20-55 parts of shell powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain the organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil, wherein the preparation method of the modified bagasse comprises the following steps: extracting bagasse cellulose: mixing the dried bagasse raw material with a nitric acid-ethanol mixed solution in a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25, filtering for the first time, adding a sulfuric acid solution into the filter residue, stirring and mixing, filtering for the second time, washing with deionized water to be neutral, soaking with ethanol, washing, and drying to obtain bagasse cellulose; and bagasse cellulose modification: adding an alkali solution and a cross-linking agent into the bagasse cellulose, mixing, heating, reacting, filtering, washing to neutrality, sequentially adding an ethanol solution with the mass concentration of 10%, amines and sodium carbonate, mixing, heating, reacting for 3.5-6h, washing, filtering and drying to obtain the modified bagasse.
In a third aspect of the invention, the inventor provides an application of an organic fertilizer capable of reducing soil heavy metal pollution, wherein the organic fertilizer capable of reducing soil heavy metal pollution is the organic fertilizer in the first aspect of the invention, the organic fertilizer capable of reducing soil heavy metal pollution is uniformly laid on a field to be cultivated at the application amount of 500-1500 kg/mu 5-20 days before sowing, and the position is 1-5cm below the bottom of a topsoil layer of the field to be cultivated.
Different from the prior art, the technical scheme at least has the following beneficial effects:
the method is characterized in that agricultural waste bagasse is used as a raw material to be modified, so that cellulose and hemicellulose which are not fully utilized in the bagasse are converted into a net structure with a chelating adsorption function, humic acid with a function of removing heavy metal ions is simultaneously generated with livestock and poultry manure under the fermentation effect of a microbial agent, and the modified bagasse can exert the maximum chelating adsorption effect on heavy metal ions in soil under the synergistic effect of shell powder, polyphosphate and/or citrate on the regulation of the pH value and the nutritional structure of the soil. Furthermore, as the livestock and poultry manure, the shell powder, the microbial agent, the polyphosphate and/or the citrate contain elements for supplementing the soil fertility, and the humic acid, the shell powder and the microbial agent have strong effects on improving the granular structure of the soil and providing good water retention and air permeability for the soil, the organic fertilizer capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil provided by the technical scheme of the invention has a wide space in the aspects of soil quality utilization and nutrition combination and environmental protection organic agriculture application.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description explains the organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil according to the first aspect of the technical scheme of the invention, the method for preparing the organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil according to the second aspect of the technical scheme of the invention, and the application of the organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil according to the third aspect of the technical scheme of the invention.
First, an organic fertilizer for reducing heavy metal pollution of soil according to the first aspect of the present invention will be described. An organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil, which comprises the following components in parts by weight of dry matter:
30-87 parts of modified bagasse;
0.1-0.3 part of microbial agent;
0.2-0.8 part of polyphosphate and/or citrate;
5-15 parts of livestock and poultry manure;
20-55 parts of shell powder.
The modified bagasse provided by the invention can chelate and adsorb heavy metal ions in soil, and simultaneously, redundant cellulose and hemicellulose of the bagasse, a microbial agent and livestock and poultry manure generate a fermentation effect to generate humic acid, and a synergistic network structure formed by humic acid and the modified bagasse has a strong fixing effect on heavy metals in the soil, so that the heavy metal ions are prevented from migrating in the soil, and the crops roots are prevented from absorbing and transferring the heavy metal ions into an organic body, and harm is caused to the biological and human health along with a food chain. The invention adopts natural organic raw material waste components, prepares the organic fertilizer capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of soil through scientific and reasonable combination, and breaks through the limit of the application of bagasse and chemical modified products thereof as wastewater heavy metal removal.
The shell powder can be selected from oyster shell powder and shell powder of other shellfish, but the oyster shell powder is preferred, and because the oyster shell powder contains rich calcium and zinc elements, the pH value of soil is adjusted to play a role in fixing free heavy metal ions in the soil by an organic fertilizer, and beneficial metal elements are supplemented in the soil.
The polyphosphate and/or citrate can activate zinc in soil, generate a complex with the zinc, and form an organic-inorganic complex with humic acid, and perform complexation and chelation with heavy metal ions, so that the content of heavy metal in a water-soluble state and an exchange state in the soil is reduced.
Considering the influence of the odor of the livestock and poultry manure on the atmospheric environment, the content ratio of the organic fertilizer is reduced, the organic fertilizer is fermented and decomposed with modified bagasse and a microbial agent to generate humic acid, heavy metal ions in the soil are reduced, and the humic acid and the modified bagasse are subjected to chelation adsorption reaction.
Further, the preparation method of the modified bagasse comprises the following steps: extracting bagasse cellulose: mixing the dried bagasse raw material with a nitric acid-ethanol mixed solution in a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25, filtering for the first time, adding a sulfuric acid solution into the filter residue, stirring and mixing, filtering for the second time, washing with deionized water to be neutral, soaking with ethanol, washing, and drying to obtain bagasse cellulose; and bagasse cellulose modification: adding an alkali solution and a cross-linking agent into the bagasse cellulose, mixing, heating, reacting, filtering, washing to be neutral, sequentially adding an ethanol solution with the mass concentration of 10%, amines and sodium carbonate, mixing, heating, reacting for 3.5-6h, washing, filtering and drying to obtain the modified bagasse.
Further, the amine is selected from one of diethylenetriamine, dimethylamine, N-dimethylformamide and ethylenediamine, and the using amount ratio of the bagasse cellulose to the amine is 1:0.2-3 according to the weight of the components.
Further, the amine is diethylenetriamine, and the using amount ratio of the bagasse cellulose to the diethylenetriamine is 1:0.5-2 according to the weight of the components.
Further, in the bagasse cellulose extraction step, the nitric acid-ethanol mixed solution is a sodium hydroxide solution with a molar concentration of 2mol/L, and the aqueous alkali is a nitric acid-ethanol solution in a volume ratio of 1:4, and the cross-linking agent is epichlorohydrin.
Further, the microbial agent is a microbial agent obtained by compounding aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and biological enzyme, the aerobic bacteria are acetic acid bacteria or bacillus subtilis, the anaerobic bacteria are saccharomycetes or lactic acid bacteria, and the biological enzyme is a mixture of protease, cellulase and lipase.
Further, the livestock and poultry manure is one or more than two of cow manure, sheep manure, horse manure or donkey manure. The animal manure has high crude fiber content, and can be successfully converted into humic acid in the fermentation and rotting processes with the participation of microbial agents, so that waste is changed into valuable.
Further, the shell powder is oyster shell powder, and the granularity of the shell powder is not more than 20 meshes. The oyster shell powder can be directly purchased from oyster shell powder products, or collected waste oyster shells can be ground into powder with granularity not more than 20 meshes, and the finer the granularity, the more uniform the granularity can be mixed with other components. And uniformly mixing the uniformly stirred mixture of the substances with a proper amount of water, and stirring to obtain the finished organic fertilizer capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil.
The method for preparing the organic fertilizer capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil in the second aspect of the invention comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 30-87 parts of modified bagasse and 5-15 parts of livestock and poultry manure, adding 0.1-0.3 part of aqueous solution of microbial agent, standing for 5-10 days, turning over, spreading for cooling, continuously standing for 5-10 days, adding 0.2-0.8 part of polyphosphate and/or citrate and 20-55 parts of shell powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain the organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil, wherein the preparation method of the modified bagasse comprises the following steps: extracting bagasse cellulose: mixing the dried bagasse raw material with a nitric acid-ethanol mixed solution in a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25, filtering for the first time, adding a sulfuric acid solution into the filter residue, stirring and mixing, filtering for the second time, washing with deionized water to be neutral, soaking with ethanol, washing, and drying to obtain bagasse cellulose; and bagasse cellulose modification: adding an alkali solution and a cross-linking agent into the bagasse cellulose, carrying out mixing heating reaction, filtering, washing to be neutral, sequentially adding an ethanol solution with the mass concentration of 10%, amines and sodium carbonate, carrying out mixing heating reaction for 3.5-6h, washing, filtering and drying to obtain the modified bagasse.
Finally, the application of the organic fertilizer capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil provided by the third aspect of the invention is explained, wherein the organic fertilizer capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil is the organic fertilizer provided by the first aspect of the invention, the organic fertilizer capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil is uniformly paved on a field to be cultivated at an application rate of 500-1500 kg/mu 5-20 days before sowing, and the arranged position is 1-5cm below the bottom of the surface soil layer of the field to be cultivated.
In order to explain technical contents, structural features, and objects and effects of the technical means in detail, the following detailed description is given with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
The following examples are all made by referring to the following detailed preparation method and application method of the organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil provided by the invention.
The method for preparing the modified bagasse of examples 1 to 5 comprises the following steps:
adding a mixed solution of nitric acid and ethanol with a volume ratio of 1:4 into dried bagasse according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25, stirring for 120min at 45 ℃, filtering, adding a 5% sulfuric acid solution, electrically stirring for 60min, filtering, washing to neutrality, soaking in ethanol, washing, and drying at 70 ℃ to obtain bagasse cellulose.
And respectively adding 2mol/L NaOH solution and epichlorohydrin into the bagasse cellulose, stirring and reacting for 4.5h at the temperature of 45 ℃, and performing suction filtration. Then washing the mixture by using a mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water in a ratio of 1:1 and a 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution until the pH value is about 7.0. Dividing the processed bagasse cellulose into 5 parts, placing the 5 parts in a beaker, sequentially adding 10% ethanol solution, respectively adding diethylenetriamine, dimethylamine, N-dimethylformamide and ethylenediamine into the 5 parts of bagasse cellulose, wherein the dosage ratio of the bagasse cellulose to the amines is 1:0.2, 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, respectively adding a small amount of sodium carbonate, stirring, reacting at 50 ℃ for 4 hours, washing, filtering, and naturally drying to obtain the modified bagasse.
Example 6 preparation of organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil from modified bagasse obtained in examples 1-5 and application thereof
65kg of the modified bagasse obtained in examples 1 to 5, 20kg of livestock and poultry manure such as cow manure and sheep manure, and 2kg of a microbial agent consisting of a mixture of bacillus subtilis, yeast, protease, cellulase and lipase were taken, and 3kg of water was used to prepare a microbial solution. Piling into strip piles with width of about 1.5m, height of about 0.5m and unlimited length, covering with old gunny bags or straw curtains, standing for 6d, turning over, spreading for cooling, and standing for 5d, wherein the foul smell of the livestock and poultry manure is basically disappeared, and pathogenic bacteria, ova and grass seeds in the raw materials are all killed. Adding 3kg of polyphosphate and 30kg of 80-mesh oyster shell powder, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the organic fertilizer A, B, C, D and E capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil.
The method for applying the organic fertilizers A, B, C, D and E capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil comprises the following steps:
the obtained organic fertilizer A, B, C, D and E capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil is applied to the improvement of the soil for planting crops at the application rate of 1000kg per mu, and the organic fertilizer capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil is uniformly paved in a test field (the area of the test field is about 200 square meters) of a certain crop to be planted in Fuqing city of Fujian province before sowing 20 days. Under the same other planting conditions, the yield of the green pepper reaches 4800 jin.
According to investigation and statistics, the problems that the fertility level of farmland soil is poor, the proportion of organic matters, total phosphorus and total potassium in the soil is low, and the content of total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is high exist in a certain crop test field to be sown in Fuqing city. The specific application method is that the organic fertilizer with the thickness of 3-8cm and capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil is paved below the bottom of the surface soil layer of the test field by 5cm, and then the surface soil layer of the test field is covered on the organic fertilizer with the thickness of 3-8 cm.
Example 7 preparation of organic fertilizer for reducing heavy metal pollution of soil from modified bagasse obtained in examples 1-5
The difference from example 6 is that 80kg of modified bagasse, 5kg of cow dung, and 1kg of microbial inoculum consisting of a mixture of bacillus subtilis, yeast, protease, cellulase and lipase as described in examples 1-5 were prepared into microbial solutions with 5kg of water. Adding polyphosphate 4kg and oyster shell powder 50kg of 60 meshes, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the organic fertilizer A capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil1、B1、C1、D1And E1。
Example 8 preparation of organic fertilizer for reducing heavy metal pollution of soil from modified bagasse obtained in examples 1-5
The difference from example 6 is that 35kg of modified bagasse, 15kg of dry cow dung, horse dung and donkey dung, and 3kg of microbial inoculum consisting of bacillus subtilis, yeast, protease, cellulase and lipase mixture, which are described in examples 1-5, were prepared into microbial inoculum by using 8kg of water. Adding 0.78kg of polyphosphate and 55kg of 100-mesh oyster shell powder, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the organic fertilizer A capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil2、B2、C2、D2And E2。
Example 9 application of organic fertilizer prepared in example 6 for reducing heavy metal pollution of soil
The method for preparing the organic fertilizers A, B, C, D and E capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil by adopting the organic fertilizers A, B, C, D and E prepared in the example 6 is different from the method in the example 6 in that the application amount per mu is 500 kg. Under the same other planting conditions, the yield of the green pepper reaches 4600 jin.
Example 10 application of organic fertilizer prepared in example 6 for reducing heavy metal pollution of soil
The method for preparing the organic fertilizers A, B, C, D and E capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil by adopting the organic fertilizers A, B, C, D and E prepared in the example 6 is different from the method in the example 6 in that the application amount per mu is 800 kg. Under the same other planting conditions, the yield of green pepper reaches 4750 jin.
Example 11 application of organic fertilizer prepared in example 6 for reducing heavy metal pollution of soil
The method for preparing the organic fertilizers A, B, C, D and E capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil in example 6 is different from the method in example 6 in that the application amount per mu is 1500 kg. Under the same other planting conditions, the yield of the green pepper reaches 4805 jin.
In comparative examples 1 to 3 of 3 control fields having the same size and area as those of the test fields of examples 1 to 11, which were spaced apart from each other by about fifty meters in the longitudinal and transverse directions, the same operation method and application amount were used as those of example 6, but the fertilizers to be applied were ammonium phosphate-based fertilizers, macroelement water-soluble fertilizers and medium element water-soluble fertilizers. Sowing green pepper seeds of the same variety, and performing the planting process according to a conventional method. Under the same planting conditions, the yield of the green peppers of the comparative examples 1 to 3 is 4500 jin.
Before the organic fertilizer capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil is applied and planted, a foundation soil sample with the depth of 5-10cm below the ground surface is collected, air-dried, crushed, sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, and sealed for storage. Planting green pepper according to a conventional method, collecting soil samples with the depth of 5-10cm below the ground surface after one planting period, air-drying, pulverizing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, sealing, storing, picking the roots, stems, leaves and fruits of green pepper with the same size, respectively cleaning, drying, pulverizing, and sealing for later use. The heavy metal elements are measured by digesting by a nitric acid, perchloric acid and hydrofluoric acid pressure tank method and measuring the heavy metal elements (Cr, Cd, Cu) and zinc (Zn) by an American thermoelectric SolarM6 type atomic absorption spectrometer.
The test results of heavy metal elements (Cr, Cd, Cu) and zinc (Zn) of the soil samples treated by different methods are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 test results units for different treated soil samples: ppm of
As can be seen from Table 1, the organic fertilizers A, B, C, D and E formulated with the modified bagasse obtained in examples 1-5, which can reduce heavy metal pollution in soil, have the best treatment effect corresponding to C. Therefore, C is selected as an organic fertilizer for application tests to reduce heavy metal pollution of soil in the planting process of plants.
Table 2 unit of test results for root, stem, leaf, fruit of green pepper: ppm of
As can be seen from the comparison of tables 1 and 2, the heavy metal content of the soil samples before and after the green pepper planting is compared, and the heavy metal content measured by the soil sample after the green pepper harvesting is smaller than the content of the basic soil sample before the green pepper planting. The reason is that the organic fertilizer which can reduce the heavy metal pollution of the soil and is applied after planting plays a role in chelating and adsorbing the heavy metals in the soil, converts heavy metal ions in the soil from a free state into an adsorbed state, and reduces the content of the heavy metal ions in the soil (examples 6 and 9-11). The conventional ammonium phosphate fertilizer, the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and the mesoelement water-soluble fertilizer are applied to the plots, the fertilizers have no effects of passivation, chelating adsorption and the like on heavy metals contained in the plot soil sample, and the content of the heavy metals in the soil sample is not obviously changed (comparative examples 1-3).
From Table 2, the sum of the contents of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the roots, stems, leaves and fruits of green peppers and the combination of Table 1, the contents of heavy metal ions in the roots, stems, leaves and fruits of green peppers (examples 6, 9-11) grown in the test fields to which the organic fertilizer for reducing heavy metal pollution of soil was applied were lower than those in the control test fields (comparative examples 1-3) and the blank test fields (soil samples) to which the ordinary fertilizer was applied. Therefore, the organic fertilizer provided by the invention does not have the phenomenon of heavy metal ion enrichment on green pepper plants, and on the contrary, the green pepper plants grown from the test plots have lower heavy metal ion content and better quality. Therefore, the organic fertilizer capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil provided by the invention has very obvious effects of improving the soil fertility and improving the heavy metal pollution degree of the agricultural and economic crops.
It should be noted that, although the above embodiments have been described herein, the invention is not limited thereto. Therefore, based on the innovative concepts of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields by making changes and modifications to the embodiments described herein or by using equivalent structures or equivalent processes performed in the present specification, and are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight of dry matter:
30-87 parts of modified bagasse;
0.1-0.3 part of microbial agent;
0.2-0.8 part of polyphosphate and/or citrate;
5-15 parts of livestock and poultry manure;
20-55 parts of shell powder.
2. The organic fertilizer capable of reducing soil heavy metal pollution according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the modified bagasse comprises the following steps:
extracting bagasse cellulose: mixing the dried bagasse raw material with a nitric acid-ethanol mixed solution in a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25, filtering for the first time, adding a sulfuric acid solution into the filter residue, stirring and mixing, filtering for the second time, washing with deionized water to be neutral, soaking with ethanol, washing, and drying to obtain bagasse cellulose; and
modifying bagasse cellulose: adding an alkali solution and a cross-linking agent into the bagasse cellulose, carrying out mixing and heating reaction, filtering, washing to be neutral, sequentially adding an ethanol solution with the mass concentration of 10%, amines and sodium carbonate, carrying out mixing and heating reaction for 3.5-6h, washing, filtering and drying to obtain the modified bagasse.
3. The organic fertilizer capable of reducing soil heavy metal pollution according to claim 2, wherein the amine is selected from one of diethylenetriamine, dimethylamine, N-dimethylformamide and ethylenediamine, and the ratio of the bagasse cellulose to the amine is 1: 0.2-3.
4. The organic fertilizer capable of reducing soil heavy metal pollution according to claim 3, wherein the amine is diethylenetriamine, and the ratio of the bagasse cellulose to the diethylenetriamine is 1:0.5-2 by weight.
5. The organic fertilizer capable of reducing soil heavy metal pollution according to claim 2, wherein in the bagasse cellulose extraction step, the nitric acid-ethanol mixed solution is a sodium hydroxide solution with a molar concentration of 2mol/L, and the alkali solution is a nitric acid-ethanol solution in a volume ratio of 1:4, and the cross-linking agent is epichlorohydrin.
6. The organic fertilizer capable of reducing soil heavy metal pollution according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent is a microbial agent obtained by compounding aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and biological enzyme, the aerobic bacteria are acetic acid bacteria or bacillus subtilis, the anaerobic bacteria are yeasts or lactic acid bacteria, and the biological enzyme is a mixture of protease, cellulase and lipase.
7. The organic fertilizer capable of reducing soil heavy metal pollution according to claim 1, wherein the livestock manure is one or more of cow manure, sheep manure, horse manure and donkey manure.
8. The organic fertilizer capable of reducing soil heavy metal pollution according to claim 1, wherein the shell powder is oyster shell powder, and the granularity of the shell powder is not more than 20 meshes.
9. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
uniformly mixing 30-87 parts of modified bagasse and 5-15 parts of livestock and poultry manure, adding 0.1-0.3 part of aqueous solution of microbial agent, standing for 5-10 days, turning over, spreading for cooling, continuously standing for 5-10 days, adding 0.2-0.8 part of polyphosphate and/or citrate and 20-55 parts of shell powder, and uniformly mixing to obtain the organic fertilizer capable of reducing heavy metal pollution of soil,
the preparation method of the modified bagasse comprises the following steps:
extracting bagasse cellulose: mixing the dried bagasse raw material with a nitric acid-ethanol mixed solution in a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25, filtering for the first time, adding a sulfuric acid solution into the filter residue, stirring and mixing, filtering for the second time, washing with deionized water to be neutral, soaking with ethanol, washing, and drying to obtain bagasse cellulose; and
modifying bagasse cellulose: adding an alkali solution and a cross-linking agent into the bagasse cellulose, carrying out mixing and heating reaction, filtering, washing to be neutral, sequentially adding an ethanol solution with the mass concentration of 10%, amines and sodium carbonate, carrying out mixing and heating reaction for 3.5-6h, washing, filtering and drying to obtain the modified bagasse.
10. The application of the organic fertilizer capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil is characterized in that the organic fertilizer capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil is the organic fertilizer in any one of claims 1 to 8, the organic fertilizer capable of reducing the heavy metal pollution of the soil is uniformly paved on a field to be cultivated at the application amount of 1500-1500 kg per mu 5-20 days before sowing, and the paving position is 1-5cm below the bottom of a surface soil layer of the field to be cultivated.
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