CN113424674A

CN113424674A - Straw returning method

Info

Publication number: CN113424674A
Application number: CN202110806111.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖平; 房华玉; 周云起; 倪文浩; 马伟; 孙永久; 翟荣杰; 徐亮; 李大瑞; 刘凡; 陈黎卿; 都伟; 司马勇; 黎明光; 贡军; 孙加龙; 李善洋; 吴阳; 余世瀚; 张子健
Original assignee: Anhui Polytechnic University
Current assignee: Anhui Polytechnic University
Priority date: 2021-07-16
Filing date: 2021-07-16
Publication date: 2021-09-24
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-16
Also published as: CN113424674B

Abstract

A straw returning method belongs to the technical field of straw returning, and comprises straw collection and stubble cleaning weeding, wherein cut straws are collected, and roots and grass in soil are collected after stubble cleaning; separating soil and stems, namely separating the collected straws and grass from the carried soil, and returning the screened soil to the field; crushing straws, namely cutting and crushing the separated straws and grass; mixing and stirring the materials, and uniformly mixing water, fertilizer and crushed straws which need to be added; the straw returning method improves the decomposition rate of the straws, does not influence the normal sowing time, realizes the integration of straw returning, stubble cleaning and water and fertilizer supplementation, improves the working efficiency and saves the cost.

Description

Straw returning method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of straw returning, in particular to a straw returning method.

Background

As a big agricultural country, China produces a great amount of crop straws every autumn. China farmers have used the habit of using straws as fuel since ancient times, however, with the increase of economic level, more and more farmers use liquefied gas as fuel.

A large amount of straws lose the effect, and the waste straws are treated by the following treatment methods: the first is burning in situ, and the straw is fed to a torch to produce plant ash for fertilizing field. This method can cause great harm to the environment, and the dense smoke discharged by the method can aggravate the generation of haze. The second is to collect the straws for secondary processing and utilization, and the straws are generally processed into edible fungus base materials, building raw materials, industrial production raw materials and the like. The mode is often suitable for large-scale planting bases such as farms and the like, and is not suitable for planting by small and micro farmers in rural areas. Thirdly, mechanical equipment is used for crushing straws, most of the equipment can only crush the straws, and the straw crushing machine is single in function and low in working efficiency. The straw is directly thrown into the field after being crushed to return the straw to the field, and the mode causes the straw decomposition efficiency to be low and influences the sowing time.

In order to solve the problems of low decomposition efficiency, insufficient functions of straw returning equipment and the like of the conventional straw returning method, a new straw returning method needs to be designed in consideration of the actual situation and economic benefit of rural family-family agriculture.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a straw returning method, which is characterized in that straws and roots with soil are collected and then separated from soil and stems, the separated soil falls back into a farmland, the separated straws are continuously crushed and then mixed with fertilizer and water, the mixture is uniformly sprayed into the farmland and then can be deeply buried in the soil, the rotting rate of the straws can be improved, the normal sowing time is not influenced, the used equipment can realize the functions of returning the straws to the field, cleaning the stubbles and supplementing water and fertilizer, the working efficiency is improved, and the cost is saved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the straw returning method comprises the following steps:

1) collecting straws and stubble-cleaning and weeding, wherein the cut straws are collected by a straw collecting device, and meanwhile, roots and grass in soil are collected after stubble cleaning;

2) separating soil and stems, wherein the soil and stem separation device is used for separating the collected straws and grasses from the carried soil, so that the screened soil is returned to the field;

3) crushing straws, namely cutting and crushing the separated straws and grass by a straw crushing device;

4) mixing and stirring, namely uniformly mixing water, fertilizer and crushed straws which need to be added by a mixing device;

5) discharging and spraying, wherein the mixed materials are uniformly sprayed into a field by a discharging and spraying device;

the straw collecting device is connected with an inlet of the soil-stem separating device through a primary conveying device, a straw outlet of the soil-stem separating device is connected with the straw crushing device through a secondary conveying device, an outlet of the straw crushing device is connected with a mixing device for adding water and fertilizer, and the mixing device is connected with the discharging spraying device.

The method further comprises the step of leveling the soil by turning the soil using the soil covering device after the step 5), namely, the soil covering device sweeps rows of grooves in the field to loosen the soil, covers the sprayed mixture and then levels the soil again.

Straw collection device, native stem separator, straw breaker, compounding device, ejection of compact sprinkler and earthing device all set up on the walking frame, the both ends of walking frame are connected respectively straw collection device and earthing device, straw breaker, compounding device and ejection of compact sprinkler from top to bottom are arranged perpendicularly, straw breaker and compounding device set up the upper end of walking frame, ejection of compact sprinkler rotates to be connected the lower extreme of walking frame.

The earthing device includes the clamp plate frame, the bottom of clamp plate frame is connected with the earthing sword, the middle part of clamp plate frame is rotated and is connected with and covers the flat board, the upper end of clamp plate frame through link II with the walking frame location links to each other.

Straw collection device is including the installation casing, the installation casing includes the discharge gate of the collection mouth of one side and one end, install stubble-cleaning part and fortune material auger by motor I driven respectively in proper order outside-in the installation casing, the stubble-cleaning part sets up collection mouth department, the one end of fortune material auger with the discharge gate is relative, the discharge gate with one-level conveyor's entry links to each other.

Soil stem separator includes the separation box and rolls roller set and shale shaker that from top to bottom set gradually, separation box upper portion one side sets up the bar feed inlet, the bar feed inlet with one-level conveyor's export links to each other, bar feed inlet below sets up roll roller set, roll roller set with one side of the separation box between the shale shaker sets up the straw export, the bottom of separation box sets up the earth export.

The rolling roller group is rotatably connected to two sides of the separating box body and comprises a main rolling roller and auxiliary rolling rollers oppositely arranged on the two sides of the main rolling roller, the main rolling roller comprises a central roller shaft, the central roller shaft is sequentially sleeved with a rolling roller sleeve I and a rolling roller sleeve II from inside to outside, a plurality of rows of elastic telescopic teeth which are arranged at intervals are arranged on the rolling roller sleeve I along the circumferential direction of the rolling roller sleeve I, and the outer ends of the elastic telescopic teeth extend out of the rolling roller sleeve II; the separation box is characterized in that an inclined guide rail is arranged in the separation box body, the inclined guide rail is connected with the vibrating screen in a sliding mode, a rack is arranged at the bottom end of the vibrating screen along the length direction of the vibrating screen, an incomplete gear meshed with the rack is arranged outside the separation box body, and the incomplete gear is connected with a driving mechanism.

The straw crushing device comprises a crushing barrel with an opening at the upper end, a barrel cover is installed at the opening at the upper end of the crushing barrel, a screening bin is positioned at the upper part in the crushing barrel, and a screening chamber is formed between the bottom of the screening bin and the barrel cover; the bottom of screening storehouse sets up cuts off the knife tackle, the middle part of cutting off the knife tackle connects the arbor, the arbor stretches out perpendicularly behind the bung links to each other with motor I.

The mixing device comprises a mixing box, the upper end of the mixing box is connected with an upper cover, a fertilizer inlet pipe, a water inlet pipeline and a broken straw inlet are arranged on the upper cover, a stirring device is further arranged in the mixing box, the lower end of the mixing box is provided with a plurality of mixture outlets along the circumferential direction, and the mixture outlets are connected with a discharge spraying device.

The discharging and spraying device comprises an annular bin with an opening at the upper end, the annular bin is connected with the lower end of the mixing box in a sealing and rotating mode, a gear ring is arranged on the annular bin along the peripheral direction of the annular bin, and the gear ring is connected with a motor IV through a driving gear so as to drive the annular bin to rotate; the bottom of annular storehouse has the nozzle along its circumferencial direction equipartition, nozzle department elastic rotation is connected with the spray tube, and is a plurality of the spray tube links to each other with angle adjusting part.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, the straws and the stubbles with soil are collected by the straw collecting device and then are conveyed to the soil-stem separating device through the primary conveying device for soil-stem separation, so that the separated soil falls back to the soil, the separated straws and the stubbles are conveyed to the straw crushing device for crushing through the secondary conveying device, the crushed straws and the stubbles enter the mixing device, fertilizer and water are added into the mixing device, the mixture enters the discharging spraying device after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is uniformly sprayed into the soil through the discharging spraying device, and finally the mixture is buried into the soil through the soil covering device.

2. The soil-stem separation device used in the invention is internally provided with a rolling roller group and a vibrating screen from top to bottom in sequence, wherein the rolling roller group consists of a main rolling roller and auxiliary rolling rollers at two sides, the main rolling roller is internally provided with a telescopic elastic telescopic tooth, in the rotating process of the main rolling roller, the elastic telescopic tooth is matched with the auxiliary rolling rollers at two sides to extrude and crush soil carried in straws and stems, and then the vibrating screen at the lower part slides back and forth on an inclined guide rail under the action of a driving mechanism and a gear rack mechanism to realize the falling of the soil and the screening of the straws and the stems, thereby improving the quality of later-stage material mixing, avoiding the condition that the spraying opening is blocked by too much soil, and ensuring that the mixture is sprayed more smoothly.

3. The straw crushing device, the mixing device and the discharging and spraying device are vertically arranged from top to bottom, so that the whole equipment occupies small space, the whole structure is more compact, and the operation is convenient.

4. The spraying device provided by the invention drives the gear ring to rotate through the motor and the gear, so that the rotation of the annular bin can be realized, the rotation of the annular bin is more stable, the sprayed material is more uniform, the spraying pipes on the plurality of spraying openings are connected with the walking frame through the angle adjusting assembly, the spraying angle of the mixed material can be adjusted as required, the mixed material is sprayed more uniformly, and the straw returning effect is further improved.

In conclusion, the straw returning method improves the decomposition rate of the straws, does not influence the normal sowing time, realizes the integration of straw returning, stubble cleaning and water and fertilizer supplementation, improves the working efficiency and saves the cost.

Drawings

The contents of the expressions in the various figures of the present specification and the labels in the figures are briefly described as follows:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the straw returning method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus used in the straw returning method;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a straw collecting device;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the straw collecting device mounted on the traveling carriage;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the stubble ploughing tool of FIGS. 3 and 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a soil-stem separating device;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the crushing roller set of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the main laminating roller of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the ratchet mechanism of FIG. 6;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the elastically stretchable teeth of FIGS. 6 and 8;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a straw crushing device;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the connection between the screening cartridge and the cutting blade set of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a mixing device;

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of the stirring device in FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of an outfeed spray device;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the angle adjustment assembly of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the structure of the covering device;

FIG. 18 is a schematic structural view of a primary conveyor or a secondary conveyor;

the labels in the above figures are: 1. a traveling carriage, 2, a straw collecting device, 21, a mounting shell, 211, a collecting port, 212, a discharging port, 22, a stubble cleaning part, 221, a driving shaft, 222, a stubble cleaning cutter, 23, a material conveying auger, 24, a sawtooth structure, 3, a soil and stem separating device, 31, a separating box body, 311, a strip-shaped feeding port, 312, a straw outlet, 313, a soil outlet, 32, a grinding roller set, 321, a main grinding roller, 3211, a central roller shaft, 3212, a grinding roller sleeve I, 3213, a grinding roller sleeve II, 3214, an elastic telescopic tooth, 3215, a ratchet ring, 3216, an elastic pawl, 3217, a wheel disc, 322, an auxiliary roller, 33, a vibrating screen, 34, a rack, 35, an incomplete gear, 4, a straw crushing device, 41, a crushing barrel, 42, a screening bin, 421, a screen plate, 43, a cutting cutter shaft set, 44, 5, a mixing device, 51, a mixing box, 52, an upper cover, 53 and a fertilizer feeding pipe, 54. 55 parts of a water inlet pipeline, 55 parts of a crushed straw inlet, 56 parts of a stirring device, 561 parts of a stirring shaft, 562 parts of an elastic pressing plate, 563 parts of a mixing plate, 564 parts of a rolling shaft, 57 parts of a mixed material outlet, 6 parts of a discharging and spraying device, 61 parts of an annular bin, 62 parts of a gear ring, 63 parts of a spraying port, 64 parts of a spraying pipe, 65 parts of an angle adjusting component, 651 parts of a supporting rod, 652 parts of a connecting ring, 653 parts of a fixing plate, 654 parts of a compression spring II, 655 parts of an adjusting bolt, 7 parts of a soil covering device, 71 parts of a pressing plate, 711 parts of a supporting rod, 712 parts of an annular plate, 72 parts of a soil covering knife, 73 parts of a covering plate, 8 parts of a primary conveying device, 81 parts of a supporting frame, 82 parts of a conveying belt, 821 parts of a material blocking plate, 9 parts of a secondary conveying device, 10 parts of a connecting frame I, 11 parts of a hydraulic rod, 12 parts of a fertilizer mixing box, 13 parts of a water tank, 14 parts of a connecting pipe and 15 parts of an adjusting disk.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

The specific implementation scheme of the invention is as follows: as shown in figure 1, the invention provides a straw returning method, which comprises the following steps:

1) straw collection and stubble cleaning weeding are carried out, and when the straw collection device 2 collects cut straws, roots and grass in soil are collected after stubble cleaning;

2) separating soil and stems, wherein the soil and stem separation device 3 is used for separating the collected straws and grasses from the carried soil, so that the screened soil is returned to the field;

3) crushing straws, namely cutting and crushing the separated straws and grass by a straw crushing device 4;

4) mixing and stirring, namely uniformly mixing water, fertilizer and crushed straws which need to be added by a mixing device 5;

5) discharging and spraying, wherein the mixed materials are uniformly sprayed into the field by a discharging and spraying device 6;

6) the soil is turned and leveled, the soil covering device 7 sweeps rows of grooves in the field to loosen the soil, covers the sprayed mixture, and then levels the soil again.

Wherein, straw collection device 2, native stem separator 3, straw breaker 4, compounding device 5, ejection of compact sprinkler 6 and earthing device 7 all set up on walking frame 1, straw collection device 2 and earthing device 7 are connected respectively to walking frame 1's both ends, straw breaker 4, compounding device 5 and ejection of compact sprinkler 6 from top to bottom arrange perpendicularly, straw breaker 4 and compounding device 5 set up the upper end at walking frame 1, ejection of compact sprinkler 6 rotates the lower extreme of connecting at walking frame 1, the arrangement of each device is more reasonable in making whole equipment, occupation space is little, make overall structure compacter, convenient operation.

Wherein straw collection device 2 links to each other through one-level conveyor 8 and native stem separator 3's entry, and native stem separator 3's straw export links to each other with straw breaker 4 through second grade conveyor 9, and straw breaker 4's export links to each other with the compounding device 5 that adds water and fertilizer, and compounding device 5 links to each other with ejection of compact sprinkler 6, has realized automatic fortune material and has failed the material.

According to the invention, straws and stubbles with soil are collected by the straw collection device 2 and then are conveyed to the soil-stem separation device 3 through the primary conveying device 8 for soil-stem separation, so that separated soil falls back to soil, the separated straws and stubbles are conveyed to the straw crushing device 4 for crushing through the secondary conveying device 9, the crushed straws and the stubbles enter the mixing device 5, fertilizer and water are added into the mixing device 5 and then enter the discharging spraying device 6 after being uniformly mixed, the mixture is uniformly sprayed into the soil through the discharging spraying device 6, and finally the mixture is buried into the soil through the soil covering device 7, so that straw returning, stubble cleaning and water and fertilizer supplement are integrated, the working efficiency is improved, the working quality is improved, and the cost is saved.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, the straw collecting device 2 includes a mounting housing 21, the mounting housing 21 includes a collecting opening 211 and a discharging opening 212 at one end, a stubble cleaning part 23 and a material conveying auger 23 are sequentially mounted in the mounting housing 21 from outside to inside, the stubble cleaning part 23 and the material conveying auger 23 are respectively driven by two motors, the stubble cleaning part 23 is disposed at the collecting opening 211 and is used for collecting straws and rhizomes with soil, one end of the material conveying auger 23 is opposite to the discharging opening 212, the collected straws and rhizomes with soil are conveyed to the discharging opening 212 by the material conveying auger 23, the discharging opening 212 is connected to an inlet of the primary conveying device 8 and conveyed to the soil and stalk separating device 3 by the primary conveying device 8 for separation.

The stubble cleaning part 23 comprises a driving shaft 221 and a plurality of stubble cleaning tools 222 connected along the length direction of the driving shaft, the stubble cleaning tools 222 are integrally cast and formed and comprise positioning sleeves, connecting arms and cutters, the positioning sleeves are sleeved and positioned on the driving shaft 221 through connecting keys, the positioning sleeves are connected with the corresponding cutters through the connecting arms along the circumferential direction of the positioning sleeves, the planes where the cutters are located are perpendicular to the connecting arms, and the cutting tools can stretch into soil to vertically cut rhizomes. And the bottom of installation casing 21 is provided with sawtooth structure 24 along its length direction, and this sawtooth structure 24 and the bottom tangent plane of stubble-cleaning part 23 are on same horizontal plane, and sawtooth structure 24 both can lead the root and stem in earth and right, collect the installation casing 21 after cutting the root and stem fast again through the cutter in, again can cultivate a row of V-arrangement slot in earth when whole equipment forward motion, make things convenient for the mixed material in later stage to get into and carry out the degree of depth mixing in the soil.

Wherein the one end of walking frame 1 is fixed with link I10, the upper end of installation casing 21 rotates with link I10 and links to each other, hydraulic stem 11 is passed through to the one end of walking frame 1 and is linked to each other with installation casing 21, can make whole straw collection device 2 rotate corresponding angle through operation hydraulic stem 11, separate with ground when straw collection device 2 does not use, the wearing and tearing to cutter and installation casing 21 have been avoided, also can stretch into the degree of depth of soil according to the length adjustment cutter of the rhizome of crops, it is more thorough to make the rhizome get rid of.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 6 to 10, the soil-stem separating device 3 includes a separating box 31, and a rolling roller set 32 and a vibrating screen 33 sequentially arranged from top to bottom, a strip-shaped feeding port 311 is arranged on one side of the upper portion of the separating box 31, the strip-shaped feeding port 311 is connected with an outlet of the primary conveying device 8, and is used for feeding the collected soil-carrying straws and rhizomes into the separating box 31 through the strip-shaped feeding port 311, the rolling roller set 32 is arranged below the strip-shaped feeding port 311 and is used for extruding and crushing the soil carried in the straws and the rhizomes, the vibrating screen 33 is obliquely arranged below the rolling roller set 32, a soil outlet 313 is arranged at the bottom end of the separating box 31, the soil can be screened by the vibrating screen 33 and fall back into the soil through the soil outlet 313 at the bottom of the separating box 31, a straw outlet 312 is arranged on one side of the separating box 31 between the rolling roller set 32 and the vibrating screen 33, the straws and the rhizomes left on the vibrating screen 33 slide to the straw outlet 312, and is conveyed to the straw crushing device 4 by the secondary conveying device 9 for crushing.

Roller set 32 wherein rolls rotates and connects in separation box 31 both sides, including the relative auxiliary roller 322 that sets up in main roller 321 and both sides, main roller 321 includes central roller 3211, central roller 3211 cup joints roller cover I3212 from inside to outside in proper order, roller cover II 3213 rolls, roll and install the flexible tooth 3214 of multirow interval arrangement along its circumference on the roller cover I3212, the outer end of flexible tooth 3214 stretches out and rolls roller cover II 3213, at central roller 3211 pivoted in-process, flexible tooth 3214 wherein cooperatees with central roller 3211 and realizes flexible action, make flexible tooth 3214 cooperate with the auxiliary roller 322 of both sides and can extrude the earth that carries in straw and the rhizome, pulverize, and can pass through smoothly between main roller 321 and the auxiliary roller 322.

The main roller 321 also includes a ratchet mechanism, the ratchet mechanism includes a ratchet ring 3215, an elastic pawl 3216 and a wheel disc 3217, the ratchet ring 3215 is fixed on the outer side of the separation box 31, ratchets are arranged on the inner side of the ratchet ring 3215 along the circumferential direction of the ratchet ring, the roller sleeve ii 3213 is fixed on the inner wall of the separation box 31, when the central roller shaft 3211 rotates, the roller sleeve ii 3213 is immobile, the wheel disc 3217 is arranged on the outer side of the separation box 31, the wheel disc 3217 is fixedly connected with the central roller shaft 3211 through a connecting key, and the outer circumferential direction of the wheel disc 3217 is provided with an elastic pawl 3216 and is engaged with the inner side of the ratchet ring 3215 through the elastic pawl 3216. The ratchet mechanism can enable the central roller shaft 3211 to rotate clockwise but not anticlockwise, when the central roller shaft 3211 rotates clockwise, the bottom of the elastic telescopic teeth 3214 rotates anticlockwise along the central roller shaft 3211, the elastic telescopic teeth 3214 can realize telescopic action, and the elastic telescopic teeth cooperate with the auxiliary pressure rollers 322 on both sides to extrude and crush soil carried in straws and rhizomes.

Elastic telescopic tooth 3214 wherein is including rolling tooth and regulation tooth, roll the tooth through connecting rod and regulation tooth threaded connection, the connecting rod overcoat has connected compression spring I, compression spring I's both ends are connected and are rolled between tooth and the regulation tooth, center roller 3211 has many skewed tooth grooves along its circumference equipartition, it sets up the wedge to adjust the tooth tip, the wedge cooperatees with the skewed tooth groove that corresponds, because the cooperation structure of skewed tooth groove and wedge, make the wedge can only remove along the inclined plane by the lowest of skewed tooth groove, can only make center roller 3211 clockwise rotation just can realize rolling the tooth and do flexible action on rolling roller cover II 3213, the problem of blocking can appear if center roller 3211 anticlockwise rotation, ratchet mechanism and elastic telescopic tooth 3214 wherein, the flexible action that rolls of elastic telescopic tooth 3214 can be realized in the cooperation of center roller 3211. And the adjusting teeth are in threaded connection with the connecting rod, the length of the whole elastic telescopic teeth 3214 can be adjusted by screwing the adjusting teeth, so that the extending amount of the rolling teeth extending out of the rolling roller sleeve II 3213 can be adjusted, and the contact distance between the main rolling roller 321 and the auxiliary rolling roller 322 surface is controlled to adjust the size of the rolled particles. One end of the central roller 3211 extending out of the separation box 31 may be connected to a motor, or may be connected to an adjusting handle, and the central roller 3211 may be driven to rotate by controlling the motor or manually rotating the adjusting handle, so as to achieve the telescopic action of the elastic telescopic teeth 3214.

The cross section of the auxiliary compression roller 322 is set to be a fan-shaped cylinder, a plurality of grooves are formed in the roller surface of the auxiliary compression roller 322 along the length direction of the auxiliary compression roller, a rolling surface is formed among the grooves, two ends of the auxiliary compression roller 322 are connected with the inner wall of the separation box 31 through a plurality of extension springs, one side of the auxiliary compression roller 322 is rotatably connected with the separation box 31 through a rotating shaft, and the auxiliary compression roller 322 can only swing around the rotating shaft in a small range due to the limitation of the extension springs.

Specifically, an inclined guide rail is arranged in a separation box body 31, a vibrating screen 33 is connected on the inclined guide rail in a sliding manner, a rack 34 is arranged at the bottom end of the vibrating screen 33 along the length direction of the vibrating screen, an incomplete gear 35 meshed with the rack 34 is arranged outside the separation box body 31, the incomplete gear 35 has no gear teeth on the periphery of no more than 1/2, the incomplete gear 35 is connected with a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism comprises a motor and a bevel gear transmission mechanism, the motor is arranged on one side of the separation box body 31, the motor realizes vertical conversion of transmission force through the vector of the motor and the bevel gear transmission mechanism, the incomplete gear 35 can synchronously rotate, when a toothed part of the incomplete gear 35 is meshed with the rack 34, the rack 34 drives the vibrating screen 33 to obliquely and outwards slide along the inclined guide rail, when a non-toothed part of the incomplete gear 35 is contacted with the rack 34, the vibrating screen 33 slides to an initial position due to gravity because of no meshing, reciprocating in this way, reciprocating movement of the vibrating screen 33 is realized, and accordingly screening of soil in the straw is realized.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the straw crushing device 4 includes a crushing cylinder 41 with an opening at the upper end, a barrel cover is installed at the opening at the upper end of the crushing cylinder 41, a screening bin 42 is positioned at the upper part in the crushing cylinder 41, and a screening chamber is formed between the bottom of the screening bin 42 and the barrel cover; the bottom of screening storehouse 42 is provided with sieve 421, be provided with a plurality of screening holes on the sieve 421, the bottom of sieve 421 sets up and cuts off knife tackle 43, cuts off knife tackle 43 and is formed by the multiunit cutting off knife connection of range upon range of setting, can realize multistage abundant cutting off, cuts off the middle part of knife tackle 43 and connects arbor 44, and arbor 44 is continuous with motor I after stretching out the bung perpendicularly. The straws and the rhizomes entering the screening chamber are fully cut off under the action of the cutting knife set 43 after passing through the screening holes, and the cut materials directly enter the mixing device 5.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 13 and 14, the mixing device 5 includes a mixing box 51, an upper cover 52 is connected to an upper end of the mixing box 51, a fertilizer inlet pipe 53, a water inlet pipe 54 and a crushed straw inlet 55 are provided on the upper cover 52, a mixing box 12 and a water tank 13 are further provided on the traveling carriage 1, an auger is provided in the mixing box 12, a discharge port 212 on one side of the mixing box 12 is connected to the fertilizer inlet pipe 53, the water tank 13 is connected to the water inlet pipe 54 through a water pump, a discharge end on a lower portion of the crushing cylinder 41 is connected to the crushed straw inlet 55, so that the mixing box 51 is filled with fertilizer, moisture and crushed straws and rhizomes, a stirring device 56 is further provided in the mixing box 51, the materials in the mixing box 51 are sufficiently and uniformly mixed by the stirring device 56, a plurality of mixture outlets 57 are provided at a lower end of the mixing box 51 along a circumferential direction, the mixture outlets 57 are connected to the discharge spraying device 6, and spraying the uniformly mixed materials into the field through a discharge spraying device 6.

Wherein the stirring device 56 comprises a stirring shaft 561, an elastic pressing plate 562 and a material mixing plate 563, one end of the stirring shaft 561 extends out of the material mixing box 51 and then is connected with the motor iii, the other end of the stirring shaft 561 extends into the material mixing box 51 and is rotationally connected with the plurality of material mixing plates 563 through the elastic pressing plate 562, the elastic pressing plate 562 comprises two connecting plates and a plurality of springs connected therebetween, the elastic pressing plate 562 provides elastic supporting force for the material mixing plates 563, the plurality of material mixing plates 563 are connected through the springs, so as to realize the positioning of the stirring angle of the material mixing plates 563, the bottom of the material mixing plates 563 is connected with a rolling shaft 564, the rolling shaft 564 is in rolling contact with the bottom of the material mixing box 51, in the rotation process of the stirring shaft 561, the rolling shaft 564 is in rolling contact with the bottom of the material mixing box 51, and when a blocking object exists in the material mixing box, the problem of stirring blocking object under the action of the elastic pressing plate 562 is avoided, so that the stirring can be smoothly performed, and the stirring is more sufficient, and the quality of the mixed materials is improved.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 15 and 16, the discharge spraying device 6 includes an annular bin 61 with an open upper end, the annular bin 61 is connected with the lower end of the mixing box 51 in a sealed and rotating manner, the annular bin 61 is provided with a gear ring 62 along the peripheral direction thereof, and the gear ring 62 is connected with a motor iv through a driving gear to drive the annular bin 61 to rotate, so that the rotation of the annular bin 61 is more stable; the bottom of annular storehouse 61 has spout mouth 63 along its circumferencial direction equipartition, and spout mouth 63 department links to each other with spray tube 64 through spring and pivot, and a plurality of spray tubes 64 rotate with walking frame 1 bottom through angle adjusting part 65 and link to each other, can realize spray tube 64 and spray the nimble adjustment of angle.

The angle adjusting assembly 65 comprises a supporting rod 711651, a connecting ring 652, a fixing plate 653 and an elastic locating piece, wherein each spray pipe 64 is hinged with one end of a supporting rod 711651, the other ends of a plurality of supporting rods 711651 are connected with each other through the connecting ring 652, the connecting ring 652 is connected with the fixing plate 653, the fixing plate 653 is connected with the walking frame 1 through the elastic locating piece, namely, the elastic locating piece comprises a compression spring II 654 and an adjusting bolt 655, the walking frame 1 is provided with a mounting hole, the adjusting bolt 655 sequentially penetrates through the fixing plate 653 and the mounting hole and then is fixedly connected with a nut, and the compression spring II 654 is sleeved on the adjusting bolt 655 between the walking frame 1 and the fixing plate 653. The length of the adjusting bolt 655 extending out of the lower part of the walking frame 1 is adjusted by screwing a nut, and the supporting rod 711651 can be pulled to adjust the spraying angle of the spraying pipe 64, so that the adjustment is more convenient and flexible.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 17, the soil covering device 7 includes a pressing plate frame 71, the pressing plate frame 71 includes a plurality of supporting rods 711651, the bottom of each supporting rod 711651 is connected with a soil covering knife 72, the soil covering knife 72 is a right-angle knife perpendicular to the ground, the soil can be turned up towards two sides to loosen the soil and cover the scattered mixture, the middle of the pressing plate frame 71 is rotatably connected with a covering plate 73, the grooves formed by the soil covering knife 72 can be flattened through the covering plate 73 to flatten the soil again, so that the soil is leveled again, the mixture is deeply buried and thoroughly decomposed in the soil, and the straw returning effect is better.

The upper end of the pressure plate frame 71 is connected with the walking frame 1 through a connecting frame II in a positioning way. Specifically, the upper end of each support rod 711651 of the pressing plate frame 71 is provided with an annular plate 712, the connecting frame ii comprises a plurality of connecting pipes 14, the plurality of connecting pipes 14 are fixed at one end of the traveling frame 1, and the plurality of annular plates 712 are connected with two ends of the connecting pipes 14 through rotating shafts after being butted, so that the rotating connection between the pressing plate frame 71 and the traveling frame 1 is realized; the connecting frame II further comprises adjusting discs 15 arranged on the outer sides of the connecting pipes 14, threaded holes are uniformly formed in the adjusting discs 15 along the circumferential direction of the adjusting discs, through holes are formed in the two annular plates 712 on the two sides of the pressing plate frame 71 and connected with the corresponding threaded holes through bolts after being opposite, the through holes are adjusted to be opposite to the corresponding threaded holes through rotating the pressing plate frame 71, and the connecting frame II can be used for adjusting the depth of soil extending into the soil of the earthing cutter 72 and the angle between the covering plate 73 and the ground.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 18, the primary conveying device 8 and the secondary conveying device 9 have the same structure, and both include a supporting frame 81 and a conveying belt 82 disposed inside the supporting frame, the conveying belt 82 is driven by a motor and a chain wheel and chain mechanism, and a plurality of material blocking plates 821 are disposed on the conveying belt 82 at intervals along the length direction of the conveying belt 82, so that the materials falling on the conveying belt 82 can be uniformly distributed and positioned, and the problem of blanking caused by material accumulation is avoided.

While the foregoing is directed to the principles of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.

Claims

1. A straw returning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The straw returning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method further comprises the step of leveling the soil by turning the soil using the soil covering device after the step 5), namely, the soil covering device sweeps rows of grooves in the field to loosen the soil, covers the sprayed mixture and then levels the soil again.

3. The straw returning method according to claim 2, characterized in that: straw collection device, native stem separator, straw breaker, compounding device, ejection of compact sprinkler and earthing device all set up on the walking frame, the both ends of walking frame are connected respectively straw collection device and earthing device, straw breaker, compounding device and ejection of compact sprinkler from top to bottom are arranged perpendicularly, straw breaker and compounding device set up the upper end of walking frame, ejection of compact sprinkler rotates to be connected the lower extreme of walking frame.

4. The straw returning method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the earthing device includes the clamp plate frame, the bottom of clamp plate frame is connected with the earthing sword, the middle part of clamp plate frame is rotated and is connected with and covers the flat board, the upper end of clamp plate frame through link II with the walking frame location links to each other.

5. The straw returning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: straw collection device is including the installation casing, the installation casing includes the discharge gate of the collection mouth of one side and one end, install stubble-cleaning part and fortune material auger by motor I driven respectively in proper order outside-in the installation casing, the stubble-cleaning part sets up collection mouth department, the one end of fortune material auger with the discharge gate is relative, the discharge gate with one-level conveyor's entry links to each other.

6. The straw returning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: soil stem separator includes the separation box and rolls roller set and shale shaker that from top to bottom set gradually, separation box upper portion one side sets up the bar feed inlet, the bar feed inlet with one-level conveyor's export links to each other, bar feed inlet below sets up roll roller set, roll roller set with one side of the separation box between the shale shaker sets up the straw export, the bottom of separation box sets up the earth export.

7. The straw returning method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the rolling roller group is rotatably connected to two sides of the separating box body and comprises a main rolling roller and auxiliary rolling rollers oppositely arranged on the two sides of the main rolling roller, the main rolling roller comprises a central roller shaft, the central roller shaft is sequentially sleeved with a rolling roller sleeve I and a rolling roller sleeve II from inside to outside, a plurality of rows of elastic telescopic teeth which are arranged at intervals are arranged on the rolling roller sleeve I along the circumferential direction of the rolling roller sleeve I, and the outer ends of the elastic telescopic teeth extend out of the rolling roller sleeve II; the separation box is characterized in that an inclined guide rail is arranged in the separation box body, the inclined guide rail is connected with the vibrating screen in a sliding mode, a rack is arranged at the bottom end of the vibrating screen along the length direction of the vibrating screen, an incomplete gear meshed with the rack is arranged outside the separation box body, and the incomplete gear is connected with a driving mechanism.

8. The straw returning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the straw crushing device comprises a crushing barrel with an opening at the upper end, a barrel cover is installed at the opening at the upper end of the crushing barrel, a screening bin is positioned at the upper part in the crushing barrel, and a screening chamber is formed between the bottom of the screening bin and the barrel cover; the bottom of screening storehouse sets up cuts off the knife tackle, the middle part of cutting off the knife tackle connects the arbor, the arbor stretches out perpendicularly behind the bung links to each other with motor I.

9. The straw returning method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mixing device comprises a mixing box, the upper end of the mixing box is connected with an upper cover, a fertilizer inlet pipe, a water inlet pipeline and a broken straw inlet are arranged on the upper cover, a stirring device is further arranged in the mixing box, the lower end of the mixing box is provided with a plurality of mixture outlets along the circumferential direction, and the mixture outlets are connected with a discharge spraying device.

10. The straw returning method according to claim 9, wherein: the discharging and spraying device comprises an annular bin with an opening at the upper end, the annular bin is connected with the lower end of the mixing box in a sealing and rotating mode, a gear ring is arranged on the annular bin along the peripheral direction of the annular bin, and the gear ring is connected with a motor IV through a driving gear so as to drive the annular bin to rotate; the bottom of annular storehouse has the nozzle along its circumferencial direction equipartition, nozzle department elastic rotation is connected with the spray tube, and is a plurality of the spray tube links to each other with angle adjusting part.