CN113414391A - 一种粉末注射成形工艺 - Google Patents
一种粉末注射成形工艺 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113414391A CN113414391A CN202110783553.9A CN202110783553A CN113414391A CN 113414391 A CN113414391 A CN 113414391A CN 202110783553 A CN202110783553 A CN 202110783553A CN 113414391 A CN113414391 A CN 113414391A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- degreasing
- injection molding
- solvent
- sintering
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- -1 monoterpene compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229930003658 monoterpene Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000002577 monoterpenes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000001510 limonene Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940087305 limonene Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-alpha-Pinene Natural products CC1=CCC2C(C)(C)C1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium stearate Chemical compound [Li+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HGPXWXLYXNVULB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N 1S,5S-(-)-alpha-Pinene Natural products CC1=CC[C@@H]2C(C)(C)[C@H]1C2 GRWFGVWFFZKLTI-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-pinene Natural products CC1=CCC23C1CC2C3(C)C MVNCAPSFBDBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 8
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroethylene Natural products ClCC(Cl)Cl UBOXGVDOUJQMTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromopropane Chemical compound CCCBr CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001701 chloroform Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/225—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by injection molding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/227—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by organic binder assisted extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种粉末注射成形工艺,其特征在于是将无机材料粉末和混合有机物密炼混合挤出制粒成为喂料,所述的有机物包含粘接剂、润滑分散剂和偶联剂;将喂料送入注射成形机注射进模腔,形成所需形状的注射成形坯;注射成形坯浸泡到萃取脱脂溶剂中进行溶剂脱脂,脱除掉一部分有机物,所述的萃取脱脂溶剂为单萜类化合物;脱除部分粘接剂后的坯件放到烧结炉进行热脱脂及烧结,烧结形成半成品;半成品再进行必要的机加工、表面处理形成最终成品。本发明使产品脱脂率、烧结致密度、物理性能等符合要求,且使用安全性高,无毒环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于粉末注射成形的材料领域,尤其是一种粉末注射成型工艺。
背景技术
粉末注射成型是一种将塑料注射成形技术引入到粉末冶金领域而形成的一种全新零部件成形加工技术。它是将粉末(金属粉、陶瓷粉)与有机粘结剂混合成均匀的喂料,经制粒后再注射成形,获得成形坯,再经过脱脂处理后烧结致密化成为所需要成品。该工艺由于是净尺寸成形,具有材料利用率高、可直接成形为复杂形状、批量生产效率高、尺寸精度高等优点,自90年代以来持续获得快速发展,各类材料采用注射成形工艺也越来越多得到成功商业应用。
粘结剂体系根据它的性质分为热固性、热塑性、水溶性、凝胶性等。其中热塑性粘结剂控制简单、性质稳定、可循环使用等优点,是行业内使用的主流方向。粘结剂一般由两种以上高分子材料组成,脱脂时选用溶剂萃取或催化脱脂先去除一部分粘结剂,这样打开孔隙通道,然后再利用热脱脂去除剩余粘结剂,这种两步脱脂法由于效率高、变形少,是目前大多数生产厂家所采用的生产方法。
热塑性粘接体系从实际行业使用来分有两类体系,即POM塑系及蜡系。区别在于POM塑系第一步脱脂采用硝酸/草酸等酸性气体在脱脂炉中脱除注射坯件中聚甲醛POM成分,而蜡系第一步脱脂则是采用有机物溶剂浸泡注射坯件,采用溶解、萃取的方式去除坯件中蜡成分(Injectamax工艺)。POM塑系、蜡系两种配方体系均有广泛的应用,两种方式各有其优缺点。一般来说,POM塑系脱脂效率高,POM去除是直接由固态转变为气态,脱脂过程减少坯件应力导致变形; POM塑系脱脂效率高,同样厚度坯件,蜡系脱脂需12~24h,而POM催化脱脂可缩短到4~6h内;POM塑系粘度高,适用于粉末规则的球形粉末材料;坯件强度高,减少生产过程由于拿取造成磕碰不良及开裂等,便于自动化生产。
但POM塑系脱脂需要专门设备,且酸催化脱脂排放废气同样也需要专门处理设备,前期成本投入及后期使用成本相对大。蜡系喂料粘度低,润滑性好,更适用于陶瓷、硬质合金等粉末形状为片状、多边形等不规则粉末及超细粉末材料,但蜡系成形坯件强度低,注射成形容易发生相分离现象,坯件软化温度低,生产过程容易产生变形。
溶剂萃取脱脂部分是将注射成型坯浸泡在加热溶剂中,通过溶剂强大的溶解能力溶解并去除石蜡、聚乙烯蜡、微晶蜡、巴西棕榈蜡等蜡质粘结剂,从而为注射坯件打开脱脂通道,提高第二部热脱脂去除效率。常用的萃取溶剂均为卤代烃(如二氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、三氯乙烷、四氯化碳、溴丙烷等),低分子正构烷烃(C≤8,如正戊烷、正己烷、正庚烷等)类有机物。卤代烃、低分子正构烷烃(C≤8等)类有机物均存在易挥发,闪点低危险系数高,毒性大,环境污染严重等缺点。对人体健康、生产安全、环境保护等都造成不好影响,是 VOC排放重点管控物质,新项目环保审批基本不予通过。特别是卤代烃类化合物,除本身毒性外,其废弃物排放更会造成二次污染。
专利CN200810113142公布了注射成形制备高铌钛铝合金零部件的方法,该专利采用的粘接剂为蜡系,所用溶剂脱脂溶剂为三氯乙烯。CN201511032054公布了多孔碳化硅陶瓷及其制备方法,其权利要求公布所用脱脂溶剂为正己烷。专利CN200710165474公开了一种金属陶瓷材料的制备方法,其溶剂脱脂所采用的溶剂为正庚烷、正己烷、三氯乙烯、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、三氯乙烷中的一种或几种。这类溶剂均存在如前所述挥发量大、毒性高、安全性差等诸多问题。
专利CN202010002224公开了采用粉末注射成型制备TC4钛合金零件的方法,该专利所用粘结剂为PEG/PMMA体系,坯件溶剂脱脂采用蒸馏水或乙醇。该方法脱脂溶剂环保性高,但所采用的水性粘结剂/水系凝胶粘结剂局限性大,如坯体软、金属易氧化、工艺控制困难等,并不适用于工业大批量生产。
专利CN202011579648公开了氧化锆陶瓷注射成型醇溶剂脱脂喂料及其制备方法和应用,该发明粘结剂中润滑助剂采用与醇类溶解度高的苯氧乙醇、羟苯甲酯、硬脂酸、硬脂醇、鲸蜡醇的一种或多种,与陶瓷粉末、骨架树脂及增塑剂混合成喂料,注射坯件脱脂采用醇类溶剂(甲醇、乙醇、丙醇)浸泡,从而改善溶剂脱脂过程环保低无污染。该发明所用润滑助剂大部分熔点偏低,生产过程坯件偏软,对润滑助剂选择局限性很大,增加生产难度。而且甲醇、乙醇、丙醇等醇类物质闪点同样很低,挥发性高,生产安全仍旧存在问题。
传统粉末注射成型用脱脂溶剂为卤代烃、低分子量烷烃(C≤8)等,该类有机物均存在易挥发,闪点低危险系数高,毒性大,环境污染严重等缺点。对人体健康、生产安全、环境保护等都造成不好影响,是VOC排放重点管控物质,新项目环保审批基本不予通过。特别是卤代烃类化合物,除本身毒性外,其废弃物排放更会造成二次污染。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的缺点,提供一种粉末注射成型工艺,使产品脱脂率、烧结致密度、物理性能等符合要求,且使用安全性高,无毒环保。
为此,本发明采取如下的技术方案:一种粉末注射成型工艺,其特征在于:
(1)将无机材料粉末和混合有机物密炼混合挤出制粒成为喂料,所述的有机物包含粘接剂、润滑分散剂和偶联剂;
(2)将喂料送入注射成型机注射进模腔,形成所需形状的注射成型坯;
(3)注射成型坯浸泡到萃取脱脂溶剂中进行溶剂脱脂,脱除掉一部分有机物,所述的萃取脱脂溶剂为单萜类化合物;
(4)脱除部分粘接剂后的坯件放到烧结炉进行热脱脂及烧结,烧结形成半成品;
(5)半成品再进行必要的机加工、表面处理形成最终成品。
本发明采用低毒环保的单萜类化合物作为萃取溶剂,该类有机物多种成分是多种水果(主要为柑橘类)、蔬菜及香料中存在的天然成分,广泛用于香精、香料、化妆品、食品等行业,毒性轻微,价格适中,闪点>40℃,挥发量小,使用安全性高。
作为优选,所述的单萜类化合物包括松油醇、α-蒎烯、柠檬烯和双戊烯中的至少一种。
作为优选,所述步骤(1)中无机材料粉末和混合有机物的重量比为 75~96wt%:4~25wt%,无机材料粉末包括金属或/和陶瓷。
作为优选,所述的粘接剂为低熔点的蜡系粘接剂及高熔点的聚合物粘接剂,所述的蜡系粘接剂包括石蜡、微晶蜡、蜂蜡、巴西棕榈蜡中的至少一种;所述的聚合物粘接剂包括聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚氨酯(PU)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)中的至少一种,所述的粘接剂占有机物比例为 90~96wt%,所述的蜡系粘接剂与聚合物粘接剂的质量比为1:5。为使萃取脱脂效果达到与传统萃取溶剂类似效果。优化粘结剂配方,使单萜类化合物溶剂脱脂效果与传统卤代烃、低分子量烷烃等溶剂脱脂效果相同,满足生产使用要求。
作为优选,所述的润滑分散剂包括硬脂酸、硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸锂中的至少一种,润滑分散剂占有机物比例为1~5wt%。
作为优选,所述的偶联剂为三异硬酯酸钛酸异丙酯,偶联剂占有机物比例为 2~6wt%。
作为优选,步骤(1)中:密炼机温度设置为170~190℃,搅拌转速为15~ 20r/min,加入无机粉末、聚合物粘接剂及偶联剂,搅拌0.5~2h;然后降低温度到160~180℃,加入润滑分散剂及蜡系粘接剂,继续搅拌0.5~2h,得到混合好的团状喂料开始制粒,制粒挤出转速10~20r/min,切粒转速10~20r/min,得到注射喂料。
作为优选,步骤(3)中:萃取脱脂溶剂与注射坯件重量比大于20,脱脂溶剂加热温度:40~70℃,脱脂时间为6~24h,坯件溶剂萃取脱脂完成,取出用热风烘干表面及内部溶剂。
作为优选,步骤(4)中:萃取脱脂完成坯件放入烧结炉,1~6h升温到 400~600℃,在400~600℃保温2~8h,通过加热分解脱除剩余的聚合物粘接剂,热脱脂完成粘接剂全部脱除干净,然后继续升温到烧结温度烧结、保温、降温,获得烧结致密的半成品。
本发明采用低毒环保的单萜类化合物作为萃取溶剂,毒性轻微,价格适中,闪点>40℃,挥发量小,使用安全性高。优化粘结剂配方,使单萜类化合物溶剂脱脂效果与传统卤代烃、低分子量烷烃等溶剂脱脂效果相同,满足生产使用要求。改善了生产环境及生产安全性,同时企业投资新项目环评审批便于快速审批通过。
具体实施方式
下面结合对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施案例一:
喂料:粉末注射成形蜡基氧化锆喂料配方如下:
氧化锆粉末、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、三异硬酯酸钛酸异丙酯加入加入密炼槽,密炼槽升温至185℃,转速15r/min密炼0.5h;密炼槽降低温度到165℃,加入硬脂酸、石蜡、巴西棕榈蜡,继续搅拌1h,然后挤出制粒。
注射成型:常规注射工艺。
溶剂萃取脱脂:采用柠檬烯+双戊烯混合溶液(质量比1:1)脱脂,溶剂温度60℃,脱脂时间:12h。烧结:热脱脂工艺,4h升温到600℃,600℃保温4h。烧结工艺:1500℃/6h空气烧结。
实施案例二:
喂料:粉末注射成形蜡基95W5Ni喂料配方如下:
95W5Ni合金粉末、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、三异硬酯酸钛酸异丙酯加入加入密炼槽,密炼槽升温至190℃,转速18r/min密炼0.5h;密炼槽降低温度到170℃,加入硬脂酸、石蜡、微晶蜡,继续搅拌1h,然后挤出制粒。注射成型:常规注射工艺。
溶剂萃取脱脂:采用松油醇脱脂,溶剂温度70℃,脱脂时间:12h。烧结:热脱脂工艺,5h升温到600℃,600℃保温4h。烧结工艺:1450℃/8h氢气烧结。
实施案例三:
喂料:粉末注射成形蜡基17-4不锈钢喂料配方如下:
17-4不锈钢合金粉末、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物、三异硬酯酸钛酸异丙酯加入加入密炼槽,密炼槽升温至180℃,转速20r/min密炼0.5h;密炼槽降低温度到160℃,加入硬脂酸锌、微晶蜡,继续搅拌0.5h,然后挤出制粒。注射成型:常规注射工艺。
溶剂萃取脱脂:采用柠檬烯脱脂,溶剂温度70℃,脱脂时间:8h。烧结:热脱脂工艺,4h升温到600℃,600℃保温2h。烧结工艺:1310℃/4h真空烧结。
实施案例四:
喂料:粉末注射成形蜡基氧化铝喂料配方如下:
氧化铝不锈钢合金粉末、聚苯乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物、三异硬酯酸钛酸异丙酯加入加入密炼槽,密炼槽升温至170℃,转速20r/min密炼1h;密炼槽降低温度到160℃,加入硬脂酸锂、石蜡、蜂蜡,继续搅拌0.5h,然后挤出制粒。注射成型:常规注射工艺。
溶剂萃取脱脂:采用松油醇:柠檬烯=1:1混合溶剂脱脂,溶剂温度50℃,脱脂时间:24h。烧结:热脱脂工艺,4h升温到600℃,600℃保温2h。烧结工艺: 1650℃/4h空气烧结。
实施案例五:
喂料:粉末注射成形蜡基80Mo20Cu喂料配方如下:
80Mo20Cu粉末、聚苯乙烯、三异硬酯酸钛酸异丙酯加入加入密炼槽,密炼槽升温至170℃,转速20r/min密炼1h;密炼槽降低温度到160℃,加入硬脂酸、石蜡、微晶蜡,继续搅拌0.5h,然后挤出制粒。注射成型:常规注射工艺。
溶剂萃取脱脂:采用α-蒎烯溶剂脱脂,溶剂温度65℃,脱脂时间:12h。烧结:热脱脂工艺,6h升温到600℃,600℃保温8h。烧结工艺:1350℃/6h氢气烧结。
下表是单萜类化合物与常规用的高毒性溶剂脱脂率对比,从对比结果来看,单萜类化合物与常规溶剂脱脂效果接近,且在后续热脱脂、烧结对比中,两类溶剂脱脂坯件烧结性能均OK,没有出现产品开裂、C含量高、变色等异常出现,进一步说明本发明溶剂可以替代常规高毒、高挥发的卤代烃溶剂。
本发明采用单萜类化合物溶剂取代常规高毒、高挥发、高危险卤代烃溶剂及与这类溶剂匹配的材料配方,经过实际验证完全达到常规溶剂使用效果,在环保、安全上改善了生产,符合国家环保升级、绿色生产政策,具有较大的经济价值及实际意义。
上述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施举例,并不用于限制本发明。凡在本发明精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种粉末注射成形工艺,其特征在于:
(1)将无机材料粉末和混合有机物密炼混合挤出制粒成为喂料,所述的有机物包含粘接剂、润滑分散剂和偶联剂;
(2)将喂料送入注射成形机注射进模腔,形成所需形状的注射成形坯;
(3)注射成形坯浸泡到萃取脱脂溶剂中进行溶剂脱脂,脱除掉一部分有机物,所述的萃取脱脂溶剂为单萜类化合物;
(4)脱除部分粘接剂后的坯件放到烧结炉进行热脱脂及烧结,烧结形成半成品;
(5)半成品再进行必要的机加工、表面处理形成最终成品。
2.根据权利要求1的一种粉末注射成形工艺,其特征在于步骤(3)中所述的单萜类化合物包括松油醇、α-蒎烯、柠檬烯和双戊烯中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉末注射成形工艺,其特征在于所述步骤(1)中无机材料粉末和混合有机物的重量比为75~96wt%:4~25wt%,无机材料粉末包括金属或/和陶瓷。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉末注射成形工艺,其特征在于所述的粘接剂为低熔点的蜡系粘接剂及高熔点的聚合物粘接剂,所述的蜡系粘接剂包括石蜡、微晶蜡、蜂蜡、巴西棕榈蜡中的至少一种;所述的聚合物粘接剂包括聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚氨酯(PU)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)中的至少一种,所述的粘接剂占有机物比例为90~96wt%,所述的蜡系粘接剂与聚合物粘接剂的质量比为1:5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉末注射成形工艺,其特征在于所述的润滑分散剂包括硬脂酸、硬脂酸锌和硬脂酸锂中的至少一种,润滑分散剂占有机物比例为1~5wt%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉末注射成形工艺,其特征在于所述的偶联剂为三异硬酯酸钛酸异丙酯,偶联剂占有机物比例为2~6wt%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉末注射成形工艺,其特征在于步骤(1)中:密炼机温度设置为170~190℃,搅拌转速为15~20r/min,加入无机粉末、聚合物粘接剂及偶联剂,搅拌0.5~2h;然后降低温度到160~180℃,加入润滑分散剂及蜡系粘接剂,继续搅拌0.5~2h,得到混合好的团状喂料开始制粒,制粒挤出转速10~20r/min,切粒转速10~20r/min,得到注射喂料。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉末注射成形工艺,其特征在于步骤(3)中:萃取脱脂溶剂与注射坯件重量比大于20,脱脂溶剂加热温度:40~70℃,脱脂时间为6~24h,坯件溶剂萃取脱脂完成,取出用热风烘干表面及内部溶剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉末注射成形工艺,其特征在于步骤(4)中:萃取脱脂完成坯件放入烧结炉,1~6h升温到400~600℃,在400~600℃保温2~8h,通过加热分解脱除剩余的聚合物粘接剂,热脱脂完成粘接剂全部脱除干净,然后继续升温到烧结温度烧结、保温、降温,获得烧结致密的半成品。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110783553.9A CN113414391A (zh) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | 一种粉末注射成形工艺 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110783553.9A CN113414391A (zh) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | 一种粉末注射成形工艺 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN113414391A true CN113414391A (zh) | 2021-09-21 |
Family
ID=77720781
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110783553.9A Pending CN113414391A (zh) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | 一种粉末注射成形工艺 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN113414391A (zh) |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003286503A (ja) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-10 | Shizuoka Prefecture | 金属粉末射出成形用有機バインダ |
CN1686642A (zh) * | 2005-05-08 | 2005-10-26 | 北京科技大学 | 一种制备高尺寸精度异型钼零部件的方法 |
CN101254537A (zh) * | 2008-04-11 | 2008-09-03 | 中南大学 | 一种粉末注射成形制备钼和钼合金喷管的方法 |
CN101842333A (zh) * | 2007-10-29 | 2010-09-22 | 京瓷株式会社 | 导体内置陶瓷的制造方法 |
CN104942296A (zh) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-09-30 | 东莞市海天磁业有限公司 | 一种磁粉注射成型工艺以及在该工艺中使用的粘结剂 |
CN105665697A (zh) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-15 | 中山大学惠州研究院 | 一种fdm 3d打印用金属或陶瓷耗材及其制备方法与打印成品方法 |
CN108115141A (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-05 | 洛阳名力科技开发有限公司 | 一种超细WC-Co硬质合金的注射成形方法 |
CN109277574A (zh) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-01-29 | 湖南英捷高科技有限责任公司 | 一种空调压缩机摇块的制备方法 |
CN110744050A (zh) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-04 | 中航迈特粉冶科技(徐州)有限公司 | 一种金属粉末注射成型用粘接剂及其制备方法 |
-
2021
- 2021-07-12 CN CN202110783553.9A patent/CN113414391A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003286503A (ja) * | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-10 | Shizuoka Prefecture | 金属粉末射出成形用有機バインダ |
CN1686642A (zh) * | 2005-05-08 | 2005-10-26 | 北京科技大学 | 一种制备高尺寸精度异型钼零部件的方法 |
CN101842333A (zh) * | 2007-10-29 | 2010-09-22 | 京瓷株式会社 | 导体内置陶瓷的制造方法 |
CN101254537A (zh) * | 2008-04-11 | 2008-09-03 | 中南大学 | 一种粉末注射成形制备钼和钼合金喷管的方法 |
CN104942296A (zh) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-09-30 | 东莞市海天磁业有限公司 | 一种磁粉注射成型工艺以及在该工艺中使用的粘结剂 |
CN105665697A (zh) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-06-15 | 中山大学惠州研究院 | 一种fdm 3d打印用金属或陶瓷耗材及其制备方法与打印成品方法 |
CN108115141A (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-05 | 洛阳名力科技开发有限公司 | 一种超细WC-Co硬质合金的注射成形方法 |
CN109277574A (zh) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-01-29 | 湖南英捷高科技有限责任公司 | 一种空调压缩机摇块的制备方法 |
CN110744050A (zh) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-02-04 | 中航迈特粉冶科技(徐州)有限公司 | 一种金属粉末注射成型用粘接剂及其制备方法 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4144207A (en) | Composition and process for injection molding ceramic materials | |
US4233256A (en) | Process for injection molding sinterable carbide ceramic materials | |
EP0311407B1 (en) | Process for fabricating parts for particulate material | |
JP3142828B2 (ja) | 粉末射出成形用バインダー系 | |
CN104668565A (zh) | 粉末注射成型喂料制备方法及粉末注射成型生产方法 | |
EP0135839B1 (en) | Method of manufacturing sintered ceramic body | |
CN110540424B (zh) | 一种氧化锆陶瓷注射成型用喂料及其制备方法 | |
JPH037485B2 (zh) | ||
CN113213896B (zh) | 一种氧化铝陶瓷注射成型用喂料及喂料注射成型方法 | |
CN104801706A (zh) | 一种金属粉末注射成形用蜡基粘结剂 | |
JPS61261274A (ja) | 粉体の成形方法 | |
CN110436945B (zh) | 用于注射模塑组合物的粘合剂 | |
CN113414391A (zh) | 一种粉末注射成形工艺 | |
US5401462A (en) | Removal of binder for producing articles from particulate materials by use of a specific TGA curve | |
CN111826540A (zh) | 一种max相金属陶瓷注射成型工艺 | |
CN108620574B (zh) | 成型剂、喂料及其制备方法、坯体及其制备方法 | |
KR20210049700A (ko) | 소결체 제조용 결합제 조성물 및 결합제의 제거방법 | |
JPH0313503A (ja) | 粉末冶金用成形体の脱脂方法とバインダー及び超臨界液体 | |
CN110540410B (zh) | 一种氧化铝陶瓷注射成型用喂料及其制备方法 | |
CN114086015B (zh) | 一种铜钨合金零件及其制造方法 | |
JPS5926653B2 (ja) | 超硬合金の成形方法 | |
CN115283662B (zh) | 一种金属注射成形粘结剂、喂料及其制备方法 | |
CN117020198B (zh) | 可伐合金的金属注射成形喂料 | |
CN109776090B (zh) | 一种3d氧化锆陶瓷手机背板的制备方法及制备的产品 | |
JP2994071B2 (ja) | 粉末の射出成形体からバインダを除去する方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20210921 |