CN113397052A - Double-pellet feed for fattening lambs and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Double-pellet feed for fattening lambs and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113397052A CN113397052A CN202110709628.9A CN202110709628A CN113397052A CN 113397052 A CN113397052 A CN 113397052A CN 202110709628 A CN202110709628 A CN 202110709628A CN 113397052 A CN113397052 A CN 113397052A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides a double-particle feed for fattening lambs, which belongs to the technical field of livestock production feed processing, and comprises concentrate particles and grass particles, wherein the concentrate particles comprise corns, bean pulp, cottonseed meal, DDGS, puffed urea, multiple minerals and vitamins; the grass particles comprise corn stalks, molasses and flavoring agents. The invention further provides a preparation method of the double-particle feed. According to the invention, the double-granule feed with different proportions is fed according to the nutritional requirements of fattening lambs in different physiological stages, so that the feed intake of the fattening lambs fed by free feeding can be improved to the maximum extent, the loss and waste of the feed are effectively reduced, the digestibility and the utilization rate of the feed are improved, and the rumen health of the lambs is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock production feed processing, and particularly relates to a double-particle feed for fattening lambs, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The sheep industry is the leading industry of the autonomous region of inner Mongolia, 6001.4 thousands of sheep are stored in the market in 2019, 7971.3 thousands of sheep are produced, the meat yield reaches 106.3 ten thousand tons, which accounts for 22 percent of the total yield of the whole country, and the sheep industry is the first to live in the whole country for many years. The development of the sheep industry plays a significant role in national economy. Firstly, the mutton sheep industry becomes a powerful gripper for promoting national major strategic measures such as country revivification, structural reform of supply side, grain improvement of feeding, poverty removal and hardness attack and the like; the mutton sheep breeding investment is low, the turnover is fast, forage materials are easy to obtain, the breeding technology threshold is low, and the mutton sheep breeding method is one of the first-choice industries for poverty alleviation in rural pastoral areas; thirdly, mutton sheep breeding is a main means for people of minority nationality in northern border areas to defy poverty and become rich and maintain life.
With the increasing absolute consumption quantity of mutton of residents in China, mutton is mainly changed from regional consumption products to national consumption products and from local specific group consumption to national consumption products, the mutton demand steadily increases, and the mutton price continuously rises. Especially, lamb mutton is a main variety consumed by mutton because of delicious meat quality. However, at present, lamb fattening excessively depends on concentrated feed, and particularly, grass-free fattening is advocated by part of breeders, so that the problems of high metabolic diseases such as rumen acidosis, urinary calculus, yellow myopathy and the like, low economic benefit, poor mutton quality and the like of the fattening sheep are caused. Therefore, when lamb mutton production is developed, the optimal coarse feed combination is screened by optimizing the feed formula, low-cost feeds such as straws and the like in agricultural areas are introduced, the addition process is optimized, the effective fiber content and the fiber length in pellet feed are guaranteed, the steady state of the environment in the rumen is maintained, and meanwhile, the lamb breeding cost is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a double-pellet feed for fattening lambs and a preparation method thereof, which can improve the feed intake of the fattening lambs fed by free feeding to the greatest extent, effectively reduce the loss and waste of the feed, improve the digestibility and utilization rate of the feed, and ensure the rumen health of the lambs.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a double-particle feed for fattening lambs, which comprises concentrate particles and grass particles;
the fine material particles comprise corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, DDGS, puffed urea, various mineral substances and vitamins; the grass particles comprise corn stalks, molasses and flavoring agents.
Preferably, the fine material particles comprise, by mass, 40-49 parts of corn, 15-30 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of cottonseed meal, 15-30 parts of DDGS, 3-5 parts of puffed urea, and 1-3.5 parts of various minerals and vitamins.
Preferably, the grass particles comprise, by mass, 85-92 parts of corn straws, 5-15 parts of molasses and 3-5 parts of flavoring agents.
Preferably, when the feed is used in the early fattening period, the concentrate particles and the grass particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6-7: 3-4.
Preferably, when the feed is used in the later fattening period, the concentrated feed particles and the grass particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7-8: 2-3.
Preferably, the substances and vitamins include one or more of stone powder, zeolite powder, rice hull powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed, which comprises the following steps: mixing the fine material particle raw materials and pressing into particles; after the corn straws are crushed and sieved, molasses and flavoring agents are added to be pressed into granules; the concentrated material particles and the grass particles are mixed evenly according to the proportion.
Preferably, the moisture content of the grass particles is less than 13%.
Preferably, the diameters of the concentrate particles and the grass particles are 0.4-0.8 cm.
The invention also provides application of the feed in free feeding of fattening lambs.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the current situation that the conventional lamb fattening feed is high in cost and meanwhile a large amount of straw resources in an agricultural area are not utilized, the lamb fattening feed introduces low-cost feeds such as straws and the like in the agricultural area, improves the utilization rate of the straws, reduces the manufacturing cost of the lamb feed, and can effectively improve the breeding benefit.
Aiming at the problems that lamb fattening excessively depends on concentrated feed, particularly, part of farmers advocate grass-free fattening, so that the fattening sheep has high metabolic diseases such as rumen acidosis, urinary calculus, yellow myopathy and the like, low economic benefit, poor mutton quality and the like, the invention adjusts the proportion relation of concentrated feed particles, prepares grass particles by adopting corn straws, matches the grass particles with the concentrated feed particles for use, improves the effective fiber content and the fiber length in the granulated feed, ensures that the double-granulated feed has the functions of stimulating gastrointestinal peristalsis, digestive juice and hormone secretion, improves the digestive metabolism of the lamb, and plays a role in metabolic regulation.
According to the invention, by adding the molasses and the flavoring agent, the feed intake of fattening lambs fed by free ingestion can be improved to the greatest extent, the loss and waste of the feed are effectively reduced, the digestibility and the utilization rate of the feed are improved, the addition of the molasses and the flavoring agent has the function of improving the rumen microflora of the lambs, the digestion capacity of the lamb rumens is improved, the steady state of the lamb rumens internal environment is maintained, and the lamb meat quality is improved by adjusting the digestive metabolism capacity of the lambs.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a double-particle feed for fattening lambs, which comprises concentrate particles and grass particles; the fine material particles comprise corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, DDGS, puffed urea, various mineral substances and vitamins; the grass particles comprise corn stalks, molasses and flavoring agents.
The corn has high yield and strong adaptability, has rich nutrition of grains and stems, is a high-quality feed for various livestock, and is a famous feed king. Common corn concentrates include ground corn, gunite corn husks, corn gluten meal, puffed corn flour, and the like. In the invention, the bought corn concentrate raw material can be directly used for preparing concentrate particles to provide enough energy supply for lambs. The invention does not limit the specific type and the specific source of the corn concentrate raw material.
The soybean meal is a byproduct obtained after soybean oil is extracted from soybeans, contains various amino acids, and has high contents of protein, fat, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, medium trace elements and vitamins, is suitable for the requirements of livestock on nutrition, and is one of the main protein feeds for animals. In the invention, the bought soybean meal raw material can be directly adopted to prepare the concentrate particles, so that sufficient protein sources are provided for the lambs, the deficiency of endogenous enzymes of the lambs can be supplemented, the digestion of nutrient substances is enhanced, and the utilization rate of the animal on feed protein and energy is improved. The invention does not limit the specific kind and the specific source of the soybean meal raw material.
The cottonseed meal is a reddish or yellow granular article obtained by pressing, leaching and other processes of cottonseed, the crude protein of the cottonseed meal can reach more than 40%, and the cottonseed meal has higher contents of crude fat, crude fiber and crude ash, and is a main raw material for preparing feed. In the invention, the bought cottonseed meal raw material can be directly used for preparing the fine material particles. The invention adds the cottonseed meal into the fine material particles, and can reduce the addition of the soybean meal on the basis of not reducing the protein supply so as to reduce the production cost. The invention is not limited to specific types and specific sources of the cottonseed meal raw materials.
DDGS, which is the trade name of protein feed in distiller's grains, namely dried distiller's grains containing soluble solids, has a protein content of more than 26 percent, and mainly refers to a symbiotic product formed by mixing and fermenting corn seeds and selected yeast in a fuel ethanol plant of modern technology and equipment to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide, and performing low-temperature drying on the residual fermentation residue. DDGS has become a novel protein feed raw material widely applied by feed production enterprises at home and abroad, is usually used for replacing soybean meal and fish meal in compound feed for livestock, poultry and aquatic products, has the addition proportion up to 30 percent, and can be directly fed to ruminants. In the present invention, the purchased DDGS can be directly used to prepare concentrate granules. By adding DDGS, the invention can provide various yeast nutrient components and active molecules for the lamb, promote the secretion of gastric juice and the secretion of bile, reduce the adhesion of bacteria to achieve the effect of cleaning the digestive tract, and is beneficial to promoting the health of the digestive tract of the lamb. The present invention is not limited to a specific kind and a specific source of DDGS.
The puffed urea is prepared by combining gelatinized corn, urea and a coagulant, and plays a role in eliminating ammonia-base smell of urea and releasing urea slowly to a certain extent. The expanded urea is added into the feed to fully exert the function of rumen microorganisms of the ruminant, supplement the deficiency of daily ration nitrogen source and properly replace high-price protein feed. In the present invention, the expanded urea obtained by purchase can be directly used to prepare the concentrate granules. The invention can reduce the release speed of urea in lamb rumen by adding expanded urea, improve the utilization rate of microorganism protein of lamb, improve the digestibility and utilization rate of feed, keep the stable state of lamb rumen environment and avoid the urea poisoning phenomenon. The invention is not limited to a particular type and a particular source of expanded urea.
The multiple mineral substances and vitamins in the invention comprise any one or more of stone powder, zeolite powder, rice hull powder, calcium hydrophosphate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E. In the invention, a plurality of minerals and vitamins can be combined and added in any proportion, and only the feed per 1kg needs to ensure that at least VA 160000IU, VD 40000IU, VE 700IU, copper 1000mg, iron 3000mg, zinc 3200mg and manganese 2000mg are contained. The invention can directly adopt various purchased mineral substances and vitamins to prepare the concentrated feed particles. By adding various mineral substances and vitamins, the invention regulates the organism metabolism of the lamb, reduces the disease generation of the lamb and improves the lamb meat quality. The specific sources of the various minerals and vitamins are not limited in this invention.
In the invention, the concentrate raw materials can be directly purchased and pressed into concentrate particles after being mixed. The mixing proportion of the concentrate raw materials is as follows by mass: 40-49 parts of corn, 15-30 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of cottonseed meal, 15-30 parts of DDGS, 3-5 parts of puffed urea, and 1-3.5 parts of various minerals and vitamins.
Preferably, the mixing ratio of the concentrate raw materials is as follows: 42-45 parts of corn, 20-25 parts of soybean meal, 8-12 parts of cottonseed meal, 20-25 parts of DDGS, 3.5-4.5 parts of puffed urea, and 1.5-3 parts of various minerals and vitamins. Still preferably, the mixing ratio of the concentrate raw materials is as follows: 43 parts of corn, 22 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of cottonseed meal, 22 parts of DDGS, 4 parts of puffed urea, and 2.5 parts of various minerals and vitamins.
According to the invention, by adjusting the proportion relation of the concentrate particles, the occurrence of metabolic diseases such as rumen acidosis, urinary calculus and xanthomyopathy of the fattening lamb is effectively avoided under the condition of ensuring that the nutrient substances such as protein, fat and the like required by the fattening lamb are not reduced, thereby being beneficial to the health of the rumen of the fattening lamb and improving the quality of the mutton.
The corn stalk is a crop used as both grain, menses and feed mainly used as feed, and because the corn stalk contains rich nutrition and available chemical components, such as more than 30 percent of carbohydrate, 2 to 4 percent of protein, 0.5 to 1 percent of fat and the like, the corn stalk becomes one of the main raw materials of the coarse feed of livestock, and can be ensiled and also can be directly fed. According to the invention, the grass particles made of corn straws are added, so that the effective fiber content and fiber length in the particle feed are improved, the rumen metabolic diseases of fattening lambs can be effectively avoided, the functions of gastrointestinal motility and digestive juice and hormone secretion are stimulated, and the feed cost can be reduced. The invention does not limit the concrete sources of the corn straws.
Molasses, a viscous, dark brown, semi-fluid object, is a by-product of the sugar industry. The molasses mainly contains a large amount of fermentable sugar (sucrose), contains a small amount of crude protein, has high contents of minerals and biotin, can provide energy, vitamins and other substances for ruminants, has fragrant and sweet taste, and is often used as an auxiliary material or an additive of ruminant feed. The present invention is not limited to a particular type and a particular source of molasses.
The flavoring agent is a food additive which improves the sensory properties of food, makes the food more delicious and tasty, and can promote the secretion of digestive juice and increase the appetite. The flavoring agent in the invention is preferably a fruit flavoring agent, and the fruit flavoring agent comprises orange powder essence, strawberry essence, green apple essence, passion fruit essence, mango essence and the like. The present invention is not limited to a particular type and a particular source of fruit flavoring agent.
In the present invention, molasses and flavoring agents are used as additives, and added to corn stover to prepare grass pellets. The mixing proportion of the corn straws and the additive is as follows according to the parts by weight: 85-92 parts of corn straw, 5-15 parts of molasses and 3-5 parts of flavoring agent.
Preferably, the mixing ratio of the corn stalks and the additives is as follows: 86-90 parts of corn straw, 8-12 parts of molasses and 3.4-4.5 parts of flavoring agent; still more preferably, the mixing ratio of the corn stalks and the additives is as follows: 88 parts of corn straw, 10 parts of molasses and 4 parts of flavoring agent.
According to the invention, by adding a proper amount of molasses and flavoring agent into the corn straws, the fragrance of the grass particles is improved, the grass particles and the concentrate particles still have good palatability after being mixed, the feed intake of the fattening lambs can be induced in the process of free feed intake of the fattening lambs, the feed intake of the fattening lambs is increased, the growth speed of the lambs is further improved, and the daily gain of the lambs is improved. Meanwhile, the molasses and the flavoring agent are added into the corn straws, so that the feed has the functions of improving rumen microflora, participating in digestive metabolism and playing a role in regulation, the digestibility of the feed can be improved, the feed conversion ratio of fattening is reduced, the daily gain of lambs is improved, and the contents of INS, GLP-1 and IGF-1 in the blood of the lambs are improved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed, which comprises the following steps: mixing the fine material particle raw materials and pressing into particles; after the corn straws are crushed and sieved, molasses and flavoring agents are added to be pressed into granules; the concentrated material particles and the grass particles are mixed evenly according to the proportion.
According to the invention, the concentrate raw materials are uniformly mixed according to the proportion and directly pressed into granules in a feed granulator, and the diameter of the granules is 0.4-0.8 cm, and more preferably 0.5-0.6 cm. The invention does not limit the specific pressing process, and the invention does not limit the specific type of the feed granulator.
According to the invention, the feed additive is added into the corn straws according to the proportion, and the corn straws are pressed into grass particles in a feed granulator, wherein the diameter of the grass particles is 0.4-0.8 cm, the more preferable range is 0.5-0.6 cm, and the water content of the grass particles is lower than 13%, and the more preferable range is 11-12%. According to the invention, by controlling the water content of the grass particles, the feed is effectively prevented from mildewing, the breeding of harmful bacteria in the feed is avoided, the disease and death rate of lambs caused by chronic diseases or germ infection and the like is reduced, the quality guarantee period of the feed is prolonged, the utilization rate of the feed is improved, and the feeding cost is reduced. The invention does not limit the specific pressing process, and the invention does not limit the specific type of the feed granulator.
Before the feed additive is added into the corn straws, the corn straws need to be treated, and the treatment comprises crushing and sieving of the corn straws. As an optional implementation mode, the method adopts maize straw plants in the withered and yellow period of about 10 months, and the maize straw plants are dried, dedusted, softened, shredded and sieved by a 12-15 mm separating sieve to obtain crushed maize straw. The invention does not limit the concrete drying and dust removing process and the soft silk shredding process.
The invention evenly mixes the prepared concentrated feed particles and the grass particles in proportion to obtain the double-particle feed for fattening lambs. When the feed is used in the early fattening period, the concentrate particles and the grass particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6-7: 3-4, and the preferred mass ratio is 6.5: 3.5. When the feed is used in the later fattening period, the concentrated feed particles and the grass particles are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7-8: 2-3, and the mass ratio of 7.5:2.5 is more preferable. The early fattening period is the first half time of the whole lamb fattening period, the later fattening period is the second half time of the whole lamb fattening period, the lamb fattening period is usually 70-100 days, the weight of the lamb in the early fattening period is usually 20-40 kg, and the weight of the lamb in the later fattening period is usually 35-55 kg. Due to the fact that the weight and the month age of the different varieties of sheep are different when the sheep are slaughtered, the mixing proportion can be flexibly adjusted according to the varieties of the different lambs and feeding and growing conditions of the lambs.
The double-pellet feed is mainly applied to fattening lambs of more than 3 months old, and a free feeding trough feeding mode is preferably used. When the feed is used for feeding, enough trough space of each sheep is ensured, each sheep can eat the feed at any time, and free drinking of lambs is ensured.
When the feed is used for feeding lambs, feeding is carried out twice per day on each sheep in the early stage of fattening, more than 500-800 g is fed each time, and more than 1000-1600 g is guaranteed to be fed to each sheep each day; feeding each sheep twice a day at the later stage of fattening, feeding more than 700-1100 g each time, and ensuring that each sheep eats more than 1400-2200 g each day.
When the feed is used for feeding lambs, the trough is cleaned and disinfected for 1-2 times every week, so that the sanitation of the trough is guaranteed, and the appetite of the lambs is improved.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, DDGS, expanded urea, molasses and flavoring agents are all conventional commercial products.
Example 1
A double-granule feed for fattening lamb comprises concentrate granules and grass granules;
the mixing proportion of the concentrate raw materials is as follows: 45% of corn, 20% of soybean meal, 10% of cottonseed meal, DDGS 18%, 4% of expanded urea, and 3% of various minerals and vitamins.
The mixing proportion of the corn straws and the additives is as follows: 88% of corn straw, 8% of molasses and 4% of flavoring agent; wherein the flavoring agent is apple essence.
The preparation method of the double-pellet feed for fattening lambs comprises the following steps:
(1) 45kg of corn is directly mixed with 20kg of soybean meal, 10kg of cottonseed meal, 18kg of DDGS and 4kg of expanded urea are added into the mixture, and the materials are stirred and uniformly mixed.
(2) 1kg of stone powder, 1kg of sodium chloride, 1000 g of vitamin A1000 kIU, 3500 mg of vitamin D3500 kIU, 2000IU of vitamin E, 1g of nicotinic acid, 1g of copper, 9g of iron, 3g of manganese, 4g of zinc, 80mg of iodine, 40mg of cobalt, 300mg of ethoxyquinoline, 400g of rice hull powder and 560g of zeolite powder are taken and uniformly mixed to obtain 3kg of a mixture of various minerals and vitamins, and the mixture of various minerals and vitamins is directly added into the mixed material in the step (1) and uniformly mixed.
(3) Directly pressing the mixture obtained in the step (2) into 0.6cm particles in a feed granulator.
(4) Oven drying 88kg corn stalk to water content of 10%, dedusting, softening and cutting, sieving with 12mm sieve, spraying 8kg molasses and 4kg flavoring agent, and pressing into 0.6cm diameter granule in feed granulator.
Example 2
A double-granule feed for fattening lamb comprises concentrate granules and grass granules;
the mixing proportion of the concentrate raw materials is as follows: 48.3% of corn, 15.7% of soybean meal, 13% of cottonseed meal, 15% of DDGS, 5% of expanded urea, and 3% of various minerals and vitamins.
The mixing proportion of the corn straws and the additives is as follows: 92% of corn straw, 5% of molasses and 3% of flavoring agent; wherein the flavoring agent is apple essence.
The preparation method of the double-pellet feed for fattening lambs comprises the following steps:
(1) 48.3kg of corn is directly mixed with 15.7kg of soybean meal, 13kg of cottonseed meal, 15kg of DDGS and 5kg of expanded urea are poured into the mixture, and the materials are stirred and uniformly mixed.
(2) 1kg of stone powder, 1kg of sodium chloride, 1000kIU of vitamin A, 3500kIU of vitamin D, 2000IU of vitamin E, 1g of nicotinic acid, 1g of copper, 9g of iron, 3g of manganese, 4g of zinc, 80mg of iodine, 40mg of cobalt, 300mg of ethoxyquinoline, 400g of rice hull powder and 560g of zeolite powder are uniformly mixed to obtain 3kg of a mixture of various minerals and vitamins, and the mixture of various minerals and vitamins is directly added into the mixed material in the step (1) and uniformly mixed.
(3) Directly pressing the mixture obtained in the step (2) into 0.6cm particles in a feed granulator.
(4) Oven drying 92kg corn stalk to water content of 11%, dedusting, softening and cutting, sieving with 12mm sieve, spraying 5kg molasses and 3kg flavoring agent, and pressing into 0.6cm diameter granule in feed granulator.
Example 3
A double-granule feed for fattening lamb comprises concentrate granules and grass granules;
the types of the concentrate raw materials and the mixing ratio thereof were the same as in example 2.
The mixing proportion of the corn straws and the additives is as follows: 90% of corn straw, 5% of molasses and 5% of flavoring agent; wherein the flavoring agent is apple essence.
The preparation method of the double-pellet feed for fattening lambs comprises the following steps:
(1) the same as in example 2.
(2) The same as in example 2.
(3) The same as in example 2.
(4) Oven drying 90kg corn stalk to water content of 11%, dedusting, softening and cutting, sieving with 12mm sieve, spraying 5kg molasses and 5kg flavoring agent, and pressing into 0.6cm diameter granule in feed granulator.
Comparative example 1
A double-granule feed for fattening lamb comprises concentrate granules and grass granules;
the types of the concentrate raw materials and the mixing ratio thereof were the same as in example 2.
The grass particles are prepared only from corn stalks without adding any additives.
The preparation method of the double-pellet feed for fattening lambs comprises the following steps:
(1) the same as in example 2.
(2) The same as in example 2.
(3) The same as in example 2.
(4) Drying 100kg corn stalk to water content of 11%, dedusting, softening and cutting, sieving with 12mm sieve, and pressing into 0.6cm diameter granule in feed granulator.
Example 4
The fattening test of the double-particle low-cost feed is carried out on the animal test base of the research institute of the riverside farmyard and animal husbandry academy in Bayankee city in 2018, 75 fattening mutton sheep (30-40 jin) with similar weight and the same variety (Mongolian cold crossbreed) are selected for the test, the fattening sheep are randomly divided into 3 groups, 25 fattening sheep are selected for each group, the three groups are set as a test group 1, a test group 2 and a control group, and the feeds of the embodiment 2, the embodiment 3 and the comparative example 1 are respectively fed (the three groups of feeds are 30% of grass particles and 70% of fine material particles).
The nutritional content of the three feeds was determined and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 feed Nutrition ingredients
As can be seen from table 1, the contents of the nutrients in the feeds of the test group 1, the test group 2 and the control group are not different from each other, and the contents of the nutrients in the feeds of the three groups are basically the same.
The three groups of concentrate particles keep consistent energy and nutrition levels, and the test period is 80 days, wherein the pre-test period is 10 days, and the positive test period is 70 days. The animals of the test group and the animals of the control group are raised under the same condition, and the daily management is carried out according to the existing operating rules of the pasture. The test is carried out by a specially-assigned person, and records are made if epidemic prevention, diseases and death occur.
The feed intake of the three groups of lambs was counted and the average feed intake per lamb was calculated, see table 2.
TABLE 2 lamb food intake
From the feed intake data, the feed intake increased with the increase of the lamb weight, and in the early period of the test, the feed intake increased with the increase of the flavoring agent, but in the later period of the test, the feed intake of the two test groups increased with the increase of the flavoring agent, and the feed intake of the control group was higher than that of the two test groups. From the food intake at the whole period of the experiment, the difference among the three groups is not significant.
The daily gain and feed to meat ratio of the three groups of lambs were counted and the average daily gain and feed to meat ratio per lamb was calculated, see table 3.
TABLE 3 lamb daily gain and feed conversion ratio
From the data of daily gain and feed conversion ratio, as the addition amount of the flavoring agent in the feed is increased, the daily gain is gradually increased, and the feed conversion ratio is gradually reduced, but the difference is not obvious. On the basis of data, the feed intake at the later stage and the whole stage of the test is inconsistent with the daily gain, the feed intake of a control group at the later stage of the test is higher than that of a test group, but the daily gain data is the lowest, because the molasses and the flavoring agent can improve the palatability of the feed, improve the rumen microflora, participate in digestive metabolism and exert partial functional regulation, the digestibility of the feed is improved, the feed-meat ratio of fattening is reduced, and the daily gain is improved.
Statistics of relevant blood physiological indices of three groups of lambs are presented in table 4.
TABLE 4 Biochemical indicators of lamb blood
From the test results, the physiological indexes of the blood of the two test groups added with the flavoring agent are obviously different from those of the control group, so that INS, GLP-1 and IGF-1 in the blood are increased along with the increase of the flavoring agent, LEP and Ghrelin are reduced, and the daily gain of the lambs is gradually increased. However, the blood index and the lamb later-stage feed intake change are not consistent, and the lamb later-stage feed intake: control > test 2 > test 1 whereas the INS, GLP-1, IGF-1 content in blood: experiment 2 group > experiment 1 group > control group, therefore analysis, the flavoring agent and molasses are not only inducing the lamb to increase the feed intake from the sense of taste alone, but also improving the rumen microflora function, participating in the digestive metabolism, playing a role in regulation, thus improving the digestibility of the feed, reducing the feed conversion ratio of fattening, increasing the daily gain and improving the content of relevant indexes in blood.
Example 5
The effect verification test of the low-cost double-particle feed on fattening sheep was carried out on the bayan yankee wulat flag from 2019, 16 months and 2019, 25 months and 9 months. 90 lambs (half of male and half of female) of small-tailed han sheep with similar body weight (22.15 +/-3.77 kg) are selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, each group comprises 30 lambs, each group is provided with 2 repetitions, and each repetition comprises 15 lambs.
Control group: the feed is a commercial fattening feed, namely 'mixed feed for Guangye Mufeng fattening sheep', purchased from Neimenggu Xunong Biotech Limited.
Test 1 group: feeding the double-particle feed obtained in example 2, wherein the grass particles at the early stage of fattening: the concentrate particles are 3: 7, grass particles at the later stage of fattening: the fine material particles are 2: 8.
test 2 groups: feeding optimized straw pellet feed and corn kernels, wherein the straw pellet feed is the grass pellets prepared in example 2, and the grass pellets at the early stage of fattening: the corn is 6: 4, grass particles at the later stage of fattening: the corn is 4: 6.
the energy and nutrient levels of the three groups are kept basically consistent, and the test period is 80 days, wherein the pre-test period is 10 days, and the positive test period is 70 days. The animals of the test group and the animals of the control group are raised under the same condition, and the daily management is carried out according to the existing operating rules of the pasture. The test is carried out by a specially-assigned person, and records are made if epidemic prevention, diseases and death occur.
The feed intake, daily gain and feed-meat ratio were counted for the three groups of lambs at the full period and the average feed intake, daily gain and feed-meat ratio per lamb were calculated, see table 5.
TABLE 5 average feed intake, daily gain and feed conversion ratio for all lambs
Through calculation of feed intake and feed-meat ratio, the full-term feed intake of the lambs in the test group 1 is higher, which indicates that the palatability is better, and the full-term feed-meat ratio of the lambs in the test group 1 is the lowest in all test groups, which indicates that the economic benefit is the best.
The weights before and after the test and the total daily gain of the three groups of lambs were counted, and the average weight before and after the test and the total daily gain of each lamb were calculated, as shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 lamb body weight and Total daily gain
According to the test results, after the test, the weight of the lambs in the test group 1 is increased compared with the weight of the lambs in the control group and the test group 2, the total daily gain of the lambs in the test group 1 is increased by 20-50 g/day compared with the total daily gain of the lambs in the control group and the test group 2, and the total daily gain of the test group 1 is more than 250 g.
Generally, when the mutton sheep are fed with the double-particle feed, the feed intake, the daily gain and the feed-meat ratio of the lambs in the test group are all higher, particularly, the feed intake and the daily gain tend to be increased when the flavoring agent is added into the grass particles, and the feed-meat ratio tends to be reduced. By combining with the physiological indexes of blood, the invention has the functions of stimulating gastrointestinal motility and secretion of digestive juice and hormone, participates in digestive metabolism and plays a role in regulation, thereby improving the digestibility of the feed, reducing the feed conversion ratio of fattening, improving the daily gain and improving the content of related indexes in blood.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A double-particle feed for fattening lambs is characterized by comprising concentrated feed particles and grass particles;
the fine material particles comprise corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, DDGS, puffed urea, various mineral substances and vitamins; the grass particles comprise corn stalks, molasses and flavoring agents.
2. The feed according to claim 1, wherein the concentrate particles comprise, by mass, 40-49 parts of corn, 15-30 parts of soybean meal, 5-15 parts of cottonseed meal, 15-30 parts of DDGS, 3-5 parts of expanded urea, and 1-3.5 parts of various minerals and vitamins.
3. The feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grass particles comprise 85-92 parts of corn stalks, 5-15 parts of molasses and 3-5 parts of flavoring agent by weight.
4. The feed according to claim 1, wherein when the feed is used in the early fattening stage, the concentrate particles and the grass particles are mixed according to a mass ratio of 6-7: 3-4.
5. The feed according to claim 1, wherein when the feed is used in the later fattening period, concentrated feed particles and grass particles are mixed according to a mass ratio of 7-8: 2-3.
6. The feed of claim 1, wherein the plurality of substances and vitamins include any one or more of stone powder, zeolite powder, rice hull powder, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E.
7. A process for the preparation of a feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: mixing the fine material particle raw materials and pressing into particles; after the corn straws are crushed and sieved, molasses and flavoring agents are added to be pressed into granules; the concentrated material particles and the grass particles are mixed evenly according to the proportion.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the moisture content of the grass particles is below 13%.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the concentrate and grass particles have a diameter of 0.4-0.8 cm.
10. Use of a feed according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the free-feed feeding of fattening lambs.
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