CN1133964A - 利用低温蒸馏分离气体混合物的方法 - Google Patents

利用低温蒸馏分离气体混合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN1133964A
CN1133964A CN95113135.4A CN95113135A CN1133964A CN 1133964 A CN1133964 A CN 1133964A CN 95113135 A CN95113135 A CN 95113135A CN 1133964 A CN1133964 A CN 1133964A
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cold
gas
producing medium
admixture
equipment
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P·福雷斯
M·德利勒
D·罗希奥
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Abstract

为了在纯化步骤之前预冷待蒸馏的气体流，把该气体输送到一个热交换器(5)中，在热交换器中，气体流加热制冷剂流(13B)而受到冷却。在冷却未纯化的气体以前，该制冷剂中的至少一部分制冷剂的压力降低，这一部分制冷剂可以是待蒸馏的气体馏分，也可以是蒸馏产品。最好是系统的循环气体。本装置可以省去制冷单元。

Description

利用低温蒸馏分离气体混合物的方法
本发明涉及的是在低温设备中利用蒸馏分离含有氧和氮的气体混合物的方法。具体地说，所涉及的方法包括如下步骤：
—压缩气体混合物；
—纯化压缩的气体混合物以除去水分和二氧化碳；
—把纯化了的气体混合物冷却到其露点温度附近；
—在至少一个蒸馏塔中对冷却了的气体混合物进行蒸馏；
—用一个制冷系统而不是制冷单元给设备提供冷量，在该制冷系统中，至少一部分气体混合物在压缩和纯化步骤之间通过与制冷剂流进行间接热交换而得到冷却，所述的制冷剂流为蒸馏塔产品，或构成一部分待蒸馏的气体混合物。
在吹离设备的设计中，更普遍地说在低温设备中，气候条件是很重要的。具体地说，空气压缩机的各压缩级的制冷器的冷却水会随气候变化，甚至在某些地区的白天和夜晚之间冷却水的温度变化会相当大，因此在这些地区，水温的变化幅度可达到15℃的数量级。
通常在最后一级制冷器的出口处设置一个制冷单元来消除这些温度变化，该制冷单元所提供的附加冷量是水所不能提供的。
制冷单元的缺点在于投资费用高，而且至少要用一个旋转机械，它既不可靠，能量消耗也相当高。
在US-A-4,375,367描述的系统中，在纯化以前通过使纯化系统制得的空气进行再循环将待蒸馏的空气流进行冷却。尽管如此，在这种情况下仍不可避免要使用冷却单元。
EP-A-0,624,765A公开的系统可以用一个热交换系统代替制冷单元，热交换系统与来自吹离设备的加压流体进行热交换。但并未描述用于冷却纯化系统上游空气的循环流体的使用情况。
该专利申请也未描述这样一种设备，即在该设备中，辅助热交换器中的空气只被另一种流体预冷。
J-A-54,103,777描述了利用来自蒸馏塔的氮气流来冷却待纯化空气的情况。
EP-A-0,505,812公开的是可以用纯化了的空气流来冷却待纯化的空气流，然后再使纯化了的空气流减压。
本发明的任务在于提供一种能够克服上述缺陷的解决方案，即：
—提供一种辅助冷量，该冷量的投资和能量消耗的费用都较低，在用吸附法纯化空气以前使空气在恒定的温度下(约25℃)制冷。
为此，本发明的主题在于上述方法，其特征在于所生产出的液体作为最终成品，至少一部分制冷剂在与未纯化的气体混合物进行热交换以前先在减压器中减压。
上述解决方案适用于所有的含有氧和氮的气体混合物的蒸馏设备，为此该方法使用例如气体混合物或氮气作制冷循环。该方法也适用于生产液体的设备。
本发明主要用于通过空气蒸馏生产液体的小型设备，本发明使用能够把所需的附加冷量传递给空气的氮气循环，使空气冷却到它的纯化温度。
本发明可把一个辅助热交换器安装在空气压缩机最后一级制冷器的出口处，使压缩了的空气与主热交换器中部的循环氮馏分进行热交换。然后用循环氮冷却压缩空气，而循环氮在该辅助热交换器中受热，再使该压缩空气与继续在主热交换器中加热的剩余循环氮重新混合。
如果要使主热交换器热端的温差保持恒定，而且要在主热交换器的中部提取循环氮的馏分，则应该增加该热交换器中的循环流体的流量。
总的来说，本方案的投资可以节省约1％。
该方法可以包括如下一个或多个特征：
—制冷循环为氮循环；
—与气体混合物进行热交换的制冷剂为循环流体；
—调节制冷剂的流量，使气体混合物部分的温度保持恒定；
—通过渗透和/或吸附系统纯化气体混合物以除去水和二氧化碳；
—流体是双级蒸馏塔的中压塔生产出的氮气流；
—设备的所有冷量由至少一个制冷循环提供；
—至少一部分气体混合物被冷却以后，流体被液化并被喷射到蒸馏塔中。
本发明的另一个主题是通过低温蒸馏分离包括氮和氧的气体混合物的设备，该设备包括一台压缩机，一个纯化系统，一个主热交换器，至少一个蒸馏塔，构成制冷系统的装置和一个辅助热交换器，该辅助热交换器使经压缩机压缩了的气体混合物与来自塔中的或来自纯化系统下游的料流中的制冷剂进行热交换，其特征在于它包括提取液体产品的装置和对辅助热交换器上游的至少部分制冷剂进行减压的减压器。
该设备可以包括如下一个或多个特征：
—用于控制输送到辅助热交换器中的制冷剂量的控制阀；
—制冷剂在制冷回路中进行循环；
—制冷剂是来自双级塔的中压塔中的气态氮；
—纯化系统通过吸附和/或渗透作用运行；
—使辅助热交换器下游的至少一部分制冷剂液化并将至少一部分液化了的流体传送到蒸馏塔中去的装置；
—至少一台压缩辅助热交换器下游制冷剂的压缩机。
现在结合附图描述本发明的实施例，这些附图示意性地表示了本发明的空气蒸馏设备。
在图1的系统中，压缩机1把空气流压缩到6×105Pa，空气流在水制冷器3中冷到40℃。然后气流进入辅助热交换器5中，经与6×105Pa的氮气流换热后气流被冷却到25℃。制冷器3和热交换器5出口处的分离器罐(未示出)可以把冷却后所处理过的空气中的冷凝水除去。在具有若干吸附床的装置7中将剩余水和二氧化碳清除以后，空气在主热交换器9冷却到其露点温度附近，然后将空气输送到传统双级塔11的容器中，空气在该塔中被分离成具有低压塔压力(1.3×105Pa)的液氧和剩余氮以及具有中压塔压力(6×105Pa)的基本纯净的气氮和液氮。基本纯净的气氮流在主热交换器9中被加热到22℃的温度，第一纯氮气流13A先经过提取阀15提取出来以后，再进入辅助热交换器5中，将供应的空气冷却到25℃。因此循环氮13A被加热到37℃。而第二纯氮气流13B继续在主热交换器9中被加热到35，第一气流13A通过辅助热交换器5以后，第一和第二气流汇合。混合气流在被压缩机17压缩到30×105Pa并在热交换器19中得到冷却以后，再在压缩机21中压缩到42巴(bar)并在主热交换器9中进一步冷却。经部分加热以后，重新压缩过的第三纯氮气流13C的压力在透平机23中从42×105Pa减压到6×105Pa，并与塔中提取的6×105Pa的气氮一起进行再循环。其余的纯氮气流在热交换器9中液化并用作双级塔11的中压塔的回流液。压缩机21与透平机23耦连。剩余氮在主热交换器9中得到加热后又在电加热器8中进一步加热，它用来对装置7的其中一个吸附床进行再生。
通过调节提取阀15可以把从主热交换器9中提出的循环气流的温度调节到中间温度，即调节到辅助热交器5的出口处空气的温度。
在冬季，水温可以是20-22℃。在这些条件下，离开压缩机1最后一级制冷器的压缩空气的温度接近25℃，阀15关闭。
在夏季，水温可达30-32℃，压缩机1的最后一级制冷器出口处空气的温度接近40℃。
通过打开阀15以足够的流速输送循环氮13A，则足以使辅助热交换器5出口处空气的温度达到25℃左右。
该系统没有制冷单元，所有的冷量均由氮循环提供。
图2与图1的差别在于用空气循环(待蒸馏的气体混合物)代替氮循环。装置基本相同。
纯化以后，将空气流在压缩机17中压缩到30×105pa，然后在热交换器19中冷却该空气流，再由压缩机21将其压缩到42×105Pa。此后再将该空气流在主热交换器9中冷却。经过部分冷却以后，抽取空气流13C，剩余的那部分空气液化后被送入塔11中。空气流13C在透平机23中压力减到6×105Pa。将减压后的一部分空气输送到塔11中作为供应气体，剩余的空气在热交换器9中得到加热。空气流13A经部分加热后通过阀15抽取出来，并被输送到辅助热交换器5中，在该热交换器中该空气流将所有的供应空气冷却到25℃。然后该空气流13A与将在压缩机17中压缩的空气汇合。空气流13B继续加热升温并与纯化系统7的下游供应空气汇合。
应注意的是，在图2的设备中，可用另一个成本低并且便于维修的制冷系统代替该制冷单元。

Claims (21)

1.一种在低温设备中通过蒸馏分离含有氧和氮的气体混合物方法，所述的方法包括如下步骤：
—压缩气体混合物；
—纯化压缩气体混合物以除去水分和二氧化碳；
—把纯化了的气体混合物冷却到其露点温度附近；
—在至少一个蒸馏塔(11)中对冷却了的气体混合物进行蒸馏；和
—用一个制冷系统而不是制冷单元给设备提供冷量，在该制冷系统中，至少一部分气体混合物在压缩和纯化步骤之间通过与制冷剂流(13)进行间接热交换而得到冷却，所述的制冷剂流为蒸馏塔产品，或构成一部分待蒸馏的气体混合物，其特征在于所生产出的液体作为最终产品，至少一部分制冷剂在与未纯化的气体混合物进行热交换以前先在减压器中减压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中制冷系统是一个制冷循环。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中与气体混合物进行热交换的制冷剂是制冷循环流体。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法，其中制冷系统是空气循环或是氮气循环。
5.根据上述任一权利要求所述的方法，其中调节制冷剂流(13B)的流量，使气体混合物部分的温度保持恒定。
6.根据上述任一权利要求所述的方法，其中通过渗透和/或吸附系统(7)纯化气体混合物以除去水和二氧化碳。
7.根据上述任一权利要求所述的方法，其中制冷剂流(13B)是双级蒸馏塔(11)的中压塔生产出的氮气流。
8.根据上述任一权利要求所述的方法，其中至少一部分气体混合物或制冷剂流液化后被输送到蒸馏塔(11)中。
9.根据上述任一权利要求所述的方法，其中制冷系统包括把来自外部冷源的冷液体流喷射到蒸馏塔(11)中的喷射装置。
10.根据上述任一权利要求所述的方法，其中至少一部分制冷剂在减压前被加压。
11.根据上述任一权利要求所述的方法，其中制冷剂被减压后通过冷却纯化了的气体混合物而使该制冷剂得到部分加热。
12.一种通过低温蒸馏分离包括氮和氧的气体混合物的设备，该设备包括一台压缩机(1)，一个纯化系统(7)，一个主热交换器(9)，至少一个蒸馏塔(11)，构成制冷系统的装置(17，21，23)和一个辅助热交换器(5)，该辅助热交换器使经压缩机(1)压缩了的气体混合物与来自塔(11)中的或来自纯化系统(7)下游料流中的制冷剂进行热交换，其特征在于它包括提取液体产品的装置和对辅助热交换器上游的至少部分制冷剂进行减压的减压器(23)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的设备，其中有一个控制阀(15)控制输送到辅助热交换器(5)中的制冷剂量。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的设备，其中制冷剂在制冷回路中进行循环。
15.根据权利要求12至14之一所述的设备，其中制冷剂是来自双级塔(11)的中压塔中的气氮或一部分气体混合物。
16.根据权利要求12至15之一所述的设备，其中纯化系统(7)通过吸附和/或渗透作用运行。
17.根据权利要求12至16之一所述的设备，它包括用于液化辅助热交换器(5)下游的制冷剂和用于把其中的至少一部分制冷剂输送到蒸馏塔(11)中去的装置(17，19，21)。
18.根据权利要求12至17之一所述的设备，它包括至少一台用于压缩辅助热交换器(5)下游的制冷剂的压缩机(17，21)。
19.根据权利要求12至18之一所述的设备，它包括用于把来自外部冷源的液体流喷射到蒸馏塔(11)中的装置。
20.根据权利要求12至19之一所述的设备，其中辅助热交换器(5)使气体混合物与单一的一种制冷剂进行热交换。
21.根据权利要求12至20之一所述的设备，它包括用于对需要减压的一部分制冷剂进行加压的装置(17，21)。
CN95113135.4A 1994-12-23 1995-12-22 利用低温蒸馏分离气体混合物的方法 Pending CN1133964A (zh)

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CN111886465A (zh) * 2018-03-21 2020-11-03 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于通过低温蒸馏来分离合成气的方法和设备

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CN103975213A (zh) * 2011-05-31 2014-08-06 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于分离二氧化碳和至少一种其它气体的混合物以及用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的设备和集成方法
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