CN101351681A - 空气分离装置设计方法 - Google Patents

空气分离装置设计方法 Download PDF

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CN101351681A
CN101351681A CNA2006800502726A CN200680050272A CN101351681A CN 101351681 A CN101351681 A CN 101351681A CN A2006800502726 A CNA2006800502726 A CN A2006800502726A CN 200680050272 A CN200680050272 A CN 200680050272A CN 101351681 A CN101351681 A CN 101351681A
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H·R·肖布
T·A·斯凯尔
J·H·法斯鲍夫
D·H·梅
S·A·斯普里格斯
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Praxair Technology Inc
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Abstract

一种设计低温空气分离装置的方法，其中通过如下设计适合某一分类的具体装置：首先采用该分类的至少一个初步设计子系统(107，108)形成基础系统(B)，然后通过将针对该具体装置特别设计的至少一个辅助子系统(A)添加到所述基础系统(B)来完成该设计。

Description

空气分离装置设计方法
技术领域
[0001]总地来说，本发明涉及低温空气分离，更具体地讲，涉及设计低温空气分离装置。
背景技术
[0002]低温空气分离装置是非常复杂的处理装置，包括许多不同单元和子系统如蒸馏塔、冷凝器、再沸器、预纯化系统、空气压缩系统、液泵、换热器、储罐、过程控制系统、建筑物和其它基础结构。因此，低温空气分离装置的设计是复杂，因而也是高成本的工作，除了设备和建设费用外，这种设计大大增加了装置的总成本。这是因为大多数情况下每个具体低温空气分离装置必须经过特别设计。已建立的低温空气分离装置的现有设计很少恰好适用于建立一种新的低温空气分离装置。可减少新低温空气分离装置设计的复杂性、时间和费用的所有方法将非常有用。
发明概述
[0003]一种设计低温空气分离装置的方法，所述方法包括：
(A)从一套装置分类中选定装置分类；
(B)给所选定的装置分类确定一组初步设计的子系统；
(C)通过选择至少一个初步设计的子系统，形成低温空气分离装置的基础系统，来开始所选定装置分类内具体低温空气分离装置的设计；和
(D)通过给所述基础系统添加辅助系统来完成所述低温空气分离装置的设计，所述辅助系统包括针对所述低温空气分离装置特别设计的至少一个子系统。
[0004]本文中所用的术语“初步设计的子系统”是指包括多个工程部件的配置且其中各工程部件连接到所述子系统的至少一个其它工程部件。
[0005]本文中所用的术语“工程部件”是指实施作为整个过程一部分的至少一个处理步骤的完全设计单元，所述整个过程包括热交换、蒸馏、压缩和/或纯化。工程部件的实例包括进料预处理单元(例如预纯化器)、蒸馏塔、再沸器/冷凝器、换热器、直接接触冷却器、冷冻器、液泵、气体压缩器、冷却水塔、流体膨胀机、过程控制单元、储液容器、发动机和电气开关。
[0006]本文中所用的术语“完全设计的”是指已经完成了设计工作，如建筑材料说明、处理设备尺寸和选型、主阀尺寸和选型、设备配置和所有永久支撑和负荷的定位、工艺管道尺寸和布线、工艺仪表和控制说明、过程分析仪选型和说明、排气口和卸压设备尺寸和说明、排泄阀和主管尺寸和说明、套管尺寸和说明、静态和工作重量估计和运输概要。
[0007]本文中所用的术语“相连的”是指通过物料传输、能量传输和/或数据传输而相关的。
附图简述
[0008]图1是受益于应用本发明方法的一个低温空气分解装置实施方案的简化示意图。
[0009]图2是可与图1所示装置一起使用的初步设计子系统的示意图。
[0010]图3是可与图1所示装置一起使用的另一初步设计子系统的示意图。
[0011]附图中的编号对共同元件而言相同。
详述
[0012]本发明方法中，根据具体要求如装置尺寸，即生产能力、产品构成(氧气、氮气、氩气和/或干净干空气等)、产品种类(气体和/或液体)、产品规格(纯度和/或压力)和位置(辅助需求、环境条件、局部因素等)确定低温空气分离装置分类。所需低温空气分离装置适合一种分类，并通过将针对该分类的至少一个初步设计的子系统与针对该具体低温空气分离装置特别设计的一个或多个子系统组合来进行设计。
[0013]在本发明实施中，将基础系统定义成包括至少一个，优选两个或多个初步设计的子系统，所述子系统通常满足不同相关需求例如产品种类和纯度。将辅助系统定义成包括一个或多个特别设计的子系统以提供完整装置。例如所述基础系统可提供空气压缩、预纯化、热交换、冷冻供应、低温蒸馏、冷凝/再沸、液体泵输、液化、过程控制；而辅助系统可提供产品压缩、液体储存、开关设备和变压器、冷却水、发动机控制、建筑物和其它基础结构。所有基础系统可在预定条件下运行，具体应用要求将在容许限度内。通常辅助系统将针对与产品规格或位置因素有关的具体应用要求。这些可包括产品纯度、压力、辅助需求或冷却水需求等因素。基础系统的工程工作完成后，其可再用于所有具有类似要求的所有具体应用。
[0014]将参考附图对本发明作出更具体的描述和举例说明。现在参考图1-3，来自空气吸滤机的环境空气61在主空气压缩机102中经过压缩，所述空气压缩机102通过发动机103驱动。所得空气流63在冷却器104中冷却，冷却流64在去湿系统105中脱除自由水。然后将所得高压空气流5进料至预纯化系统107，所述预纯化系统是连续运行的两床变压吸附(PSA)过程。一个床纯化除去流5中空气所含的水、二氧化碳和大多数烃，而另一个床被废氮气流47再生。再生床的存在物作为废物流50离开预纯化系统107。然后预纯化空气流6进入滤尘器(没有显示)以除去所有残存固体颗粒。无尘预纯化空气流分流成流8和11并分别在压缩机109和113中压缩。后冷却器110和114除去所得空气流中的压缩热。压缩机109和113、涡轮117和发动机116可配置成单一部件或作为其中一个或多个的组合。如果涡轮117产生的功不足以驱动压缩机109和113时，发电机116可提供附加能量。同样，如果涡轮117产生比压缩机109和113所需更多的功，发动机116将超额动力从系统除去。
[0015]主换热器115中，流15逆着沸腾氧产品和加热氮气冷凝，从这里其作为过冷液体空气流17离开主换热器115的冷端。流17分流成流19和20。将流19在底部几级以上位置进料至中压塔118，而流20进料至低压塔121中部。流10在主换热器115中冷却并在中间点离开主换热器115。然后将冷却的空气流16进料至膨胀涡轮117，所述膨胀涡轮提供所述装置所需的冷冻。然后将涡轮排出空气流18进料至中压塔118的底部。在塔118中通过低温精馏将空气分离成富氧和富氮部分。将富氧液体21从塔底除去并输送到换热器120，在此其逆着加热氮气冷却并作为过冷液体26离开所述换热器。过冷富氧液流26分流成流27和33。将流27在流20进料点以下但塔底以上直接进料至低压塔121。将流33进料至冷凝器/再沸器122的沸腾侧，其在此部分蒸发。富氧蒸气和液流29和30离开冷凝器/再沸器122并进料至低压塔121的中间点，低于流27进入该塔的位置。
[0016]富氮蒸气22离开中压塔118的顶部并进入冷凝器/再沸器119的冷凝侧。流22在塔121中逆着蒸发塔底液液化。离开冷凝器/再沸器119的液氮23分流成两股流；流24作为回流返回塔118并将流25输送至换热器120。流25逆着加热氮气过冷。过冷液氮流31分流成两股流；流32在顶部或顶部附近进入低压塔121并将流28输送到液氮储存容器127。
[0017]低压蒸馏塔121进一步将其进料流分离成富氧和富氮部分。将富氧液流34从塔121底部移走，在此其分流成两股流；将流35进料至液氧储存容器125并将流36进料至低温氧泵124且提高到一定压力，使其在主换热器115中沸腾。将高压液流37进料至主换热器115的冷端，在此其逆着冷凝高压空气流15受热并沸腾。热的高压氧蒸气产品48离开主换热器115的热端。
[0018]将蒸气流38从低压塔121的中间点移走并进料至氩气塔123的底部。液流39离开氩气塔123的底部并在流38的回收位置返回低压塔121。将富氩液流40从氩气塔123的顶部移走并进料至液氩储存容器126。同样，富氩蒸气流41离开氩气塔123的顶部并进料至冷凝器/再沸器122的冷凝侧。富氩液流42离开冷凝器/再沸器122并作为回流返回氩气塔123的顶部。
[0019]将两股富氮流从低压塔121的顶部排出。产品富氮蒸气44离开低压塔121的顶部，进料至换热器120，逆着冷却流受热并作为过热氮蒸气产品流46离开。将废富氮蒸气43在顶部以下几级从低压塔121移走，进料至换热器120，逆着冷却流受热并作为过热氮蒸气废流45离开。将过热氮气流45和46都进料至主换热器115的冷端，在此它们逆着冷却空气流受热并从主换热器115离开分别形成废物流47和产品流49。
[0020]如上所述，将热的富氮废物流47进料至预纯化容器107，以使一个PSA床再生。如果希望氮产品具有较高压力，在压缩机134(通过发动机135驱动)压缩以形成氮产品53。如果氧气在其最终输送压力以下沸腾，则将其在氧压缩机129(通过发动机130驱动)中压缩以形成氧产品51。
[0021]在本发明一个实施方案中，所述基础系统包括两套预造和完全设计部件(子系统)107和108。第一子系统107(图2)包括处理流5和生产流6所需的所有设备。不考虑任何产品构成变化或进一步空气压缩要求，所述装置这部分的设计对于具有类似空气生产量需求的每个具体应用是通用的。该子系统包括处理设备、相连阀、管道、分析仪、电气连接和除去空气中污染物所需的其它基础结构。
[0022]第二子系统108(图3，低温处理单元)包括空气分离装置冷段如冷箱中的内容。同样，所述装置这部分的设计对于具有类似产品需求的应用是通用的。该预造和完全设计子系统中的设备包括蒸馏塔118、121和123、冷凝器/再沸器119和122、换热器115和120、用于将这些设备连接在一起的所有相连阀和管道、分析仪和所有必须的电气连接。
[0023]任何装置分类中，完善所述装置所需但不包含于基础系统中的那些子系统属于辅助系统。由于产品构成、纯度、输送压力和位置问题的不同，各辅助系统是定制设计的，而不是以无效方式运行所述装置。例如，一个装置可能由于其位置偏远而需要更多的液体储备，因此优选定制设计储存容器125、126和127以超标准设计所述容器来符合所有液体制造并将其包括于基础系统中。同样，将定制设计各应用的主膨胀涡轮117以满足各具体应用的制液需求的不同。如另一实施例，如果一种应用需要以另一应用压力的两倍来输送氧产品，则将定制设计各装置的压缩机113和130和泵124。另一变化中，如果液体空气流17具有对于某特别应用足够高的压力，那么有利的是采用液体涡轮(没有显示)来在将液体进料至所述两个塔之前对其产生额外的制冷。因此，所述液体涡轮将为该不同应用辅助设备的一部分。
[0024]表1示例了图1中所示空气分离处理装置分类的4个不同装置。该表仅列出了通过实施本发明来形成完整装置所需的某些子系统。第1列中列出的圆括号中的数字对应图1中的编号。就装置子系统和/或工艺变量而言该表是不详尽的，因为本发明存在许多应用方式。将装置子系统分类成属于基础系统(B)或属于辅助系统(A)。根据定义，对于属于给定分类的每个装置，属于基础系统(B)的所有子系统必须相同。此外，根据定义，根据给定分类设定的每个装置必须包括属于基础系统(B)的每个子系统。因此，表1说明所有4个装置中的预纯化子系统(107)和低温处理子系统(108)属于基础系统。任何装置中的辅助系统将不同于属于同一分类中的任何其它装置中辅助系统。然而，根据定义属于辅助系统(A)的任何子系统可与用于属于给定分类的一个或多个其它装置中的子系统具有相同设计或不同设计。此外，根据定义属于辅助系统(A)部分的任何子系统不必包含于属于给定分类的每个装置的设计中。例如，考虑装置1作为给定分类中的基础或对比装置，如果装置2的产品氮的输送压力等于或低于离开低温处理子系统(108)的产品氮的输送压力，那么装置2的辅助系统不必包含产品氮压缩子系统，因此这为空缺。同样，装置3中，产品氧压缩系统不需要，因此这为空缺。装置4中，需要更多的液氮产量，因此辅助系统包含氮液化子系统，所述氮液化子系统在装置1中是不需要的。因此，根据本发明，将装置子系统分类成属于基础系统或辅助系统，并通过仅定制设计辅助系统降低工程成本。
表1
Figure A20068005027200091
Figure A20068005027200101
[0025]此外，本发明可用于采用基本不同于图1-3中所示的方法或分类的低温空气分离装置。

Claims (4)

1.一种设计低温空气分离装置的方法，所述方法包括：
(A)从一套装置分类中选定装置分类；
(B)给所选定的装置分类确定一组初步设计的子系统；
(C)通过选择至少一个初步设计的子系统，形成低温空气分离装置的基础系统，来开始对所选定装置分类内具体低温空气分离装置进行设计；和
(D)通过给所述基础系统添加辅助系统来完成所述低温空气分离装置的设计，所述辅助系统包括针对所述低温空气分离装置特别设计的至少一个子系统。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中所述基础系统包括空气预纯化系统。
3.权利要求1的方法，其中所述基础系统包括主换热器。
4.权利要求1的方法，其中所述基础系统包括低温蒸馏塔。
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