CN111707054A - 空分冷能回收系统 - Google Patents

空分冷能回收系统 Download PDF

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CN111707054A
CN111707054A CN202010558098.8A CN202010558098A CN111707054A CN 111707054 A CN111707054 A CN 111707054A CN 202010558098 A CN202010558098 A CN 202010558098A CN 111707054 A CN111707054 A CN 111707054A
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low
temperature
water
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cold energy
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岳雷
宋轶鸿
陈丽娟
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Zhongye Northwest Engineering Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种冷能回收系统，包括：间接换热装置，用于使空气分离系统中回收的低温液体与高温水进行间接换热，从而使低温液体转变为低温气体，同时使高温水冷却为冷却水；排气回收装置，用于收集由间接换热装置输出的低温气体和空气分离系统中产生的低温气体，并且将二者汇集后输送至直接水冷装置；直接水冷装置，用于使排气回收装置输送的低温气体与高温水进行直接换热，从而使高温水冷却为冷却水。本发明的冷能回收系统能够与空气分离系统相结合，用于回收空气分离过程中产生的大量冷能，以达到节能减排的效果。

Description

空分冷能回收系统
技术领域
本发明属于节能减排技术领域，具体地，本发明涉及一种能量回收系统，更具体地，本发明涉及一种空气分离系统的冷能回收系统。
背景技术
空气分离的三种技术方法是：吸附法、膜分离法及低温法。工业应用最为广泛的就是低温空气分离技术。利用空气中各组分沸点的不同，通过一系列的工艺过程，将空气液化，并通过精馏来达到不同组分分离的方法。这种方法较前两种方法可实现空气组分的全分离、产品精纯化、装置大型化、状态双元化(液态及气态)，故在生产装置工业化方面占据主导地位。和传统的分离相比，这些气体的分离需在100K以下的低温环境下才能实现，所以称之为低温法(或深冷法)。
一般来说，空分系统主要包括：空气压缩系统、空气遇冷系统、分子筛净化系统、空气膨胀及分馏系统、液体后备系统、产品气体压缩系统等。其中，空气分馏系统和液体后备系统，在生产过程中由于气体的输配量调节和液体产品的存储需要，往往会周期性的进行低温液体排放和低温气体放散，而这些放散往往伴有大量冷能的耗散，同时要消耗蒸汽等能源介质辅助其气化。因此，需要一种有效、可行且能与空分系统相结合的系统来回收这部分能量，同时减少其他辅助能源介质的使用。
发明内容
为了解决上述全部或部分问题，本发明目的在于提供一种空分冷能回收系统，其能够与空气分离系统相结合，用于回收空气分离过程中产生的大量冷能，以达到节能减排的效果。在空分系统中空气膨胀及分离系统、液体后备系统是产生低温液体和低温气体的主要工序，而在整个空分系统中，往往都需要大量的循环冷却水，循环冷却水主要为空气压缩系统和产品气体压缩系统中压缩机冷却服务，因此本发明到利用空分系统的残液及残气中的冷能来对循环冷却水进行冷却，得到的冷却水可从新返回空分系统进行循环使用。
具体来说，本发明通过如下技术方案实现的：
一方面，本发明提供了一种冷能回收系统，包括：
间接换热装置，用于使空气分离系统中回收的低温液体与高温水进行间接换热，从而使低温液体转变为低温气体，同时使高温水冷却为冷却水；
排气回收装置，用于收集由间接换热装置输出的低温气体和空气分离系统中产生的低温气体，并且将二者汇集后输送至直接水冷装置；
直接水冷装置，用于使排气回收装置输送的低温气体与高温水进行直接换热，从而使高温水冷却为冷却水。
可选地，所述间接换热装置的低温液体入口连接分馏塔，用于输入从分馏塔回收的低温液体。
可选地，所述间接换热装置的低温液体入口连接液体储罐的底部，用于输入从液体储罐回收的低温液体。
可选地，所述排气回收装置的低温气体入口连接液体储罐的顶部，用于输入从液体储罐回收的低温气体。
可选地，所述直接水冷装置分为上、下两部分，其中，所述直接水冷装置的上部用于排气回收装置输送的低温气体与高温水进行直接换热，所述直接水冷装置的下部用于汇集冷却水。
可选地，所述直接水冷装置的下部连接所述间接换热装置的冷却水出口。
可选地，所述高温水是空气分离系统中采用循环冷却水对压缩机进行冷却而产生的。
可选地，所述低温液体是液态氧气、液态氮气、液态氩气和液态空气中的一种或多种。
另一方面，本发明提供了一种空气分离系统，包括上述的冷能回收系统。
相比于现有技术，本发明的空分冷能回收系统至少具有如下有益效果：
1)充分利用空分系统的冷能，空分系统的低温液体排放和低温气体排放，往往都要通过气化和加热的手段进行液体气化或低温气体升温后，才能排放进入大气，而通过本系统可以有效的回收此部分冷能；
2)采用循环水对空分系统中排放的低温液体进行气化，可以有效的降低空分系统中其他能源介质的消耗，如：蒸汽，同时简化了空分系统的建设，降低了空分系统的复杂性；
3)采用循环水对空分系统中排放的低温气体进行加热升温，可以有效的降低空分系统中其他能源的消耗，如：电，同时简化了空分系统的建设，如：电加热设备，降低了空分系统的复杂性；
4)采用循环水作为低温液体气化介质和低温气体升温介质，其可靠性更强，循环水系统流量较大，且水的热容比较高，因此在整体冷能回收过程中具有相当强的可靠性；
5)采用循环水作为低温液体气化介质和低温气体升温介质，其调节性更强，可以通过循环水量和循环水温度的调节来实现对低温液体和低温气体的气化和升温。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中，用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1是本发明实施例1中空分冷能回收系统的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：1：高温水输送管道；2：间接水冷换热器；3：水冷却塔；4：分馏塔；5：液体储罐；6：低温气体缓冲罐；7：循环冷却水泵
图2是本发明实施例2中空气分离系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更好的了解本发明的目的、结构及功能，下面结合附图，对本发明的一种空分冷能回收系统做进一步详细的描述。
实施例1
如图1所示，实施例1的空分冷能回收系统包括：间接水冷换热器2、低温气体缓冲罐6和循环冷却水泵7，通过管道连接，保证了循环水、低温气体和液态气体得到可靠的输送。
间接水冷换热器2的低温液体入口连接了分馏塔4以及液体储罐5的底部。分馏塔4排放的低温液体和液体储罐5下部排放的低温液体经回收，低温液体通过管道输送至间接水冷换热器2。这些低温液体包括液态氧气、液态氮气、液态氩气和液态空气等液体产品的一种或多种，温度通常在-196℃以下。高温水由高温水输送管道1输入空分冷能回收系统，被分成两部分，其中一部分高温水输送至间接水冷换热器2，与间接水冷换热器2中的低温液体进行间接换热。通过间接换热，能够使高温水冷却至大约15～40℃范围，低温液体转变为大约-20～5℃的低温气体。冷却水经由管道输送至水冷却塔3的下部。低温气体经由管道输送，由低温气体入口进入低温气体缓冲罐6。
液体储罐5上部排放的低温气体经由管道输送，由低温气体缓冲罐6的低温气体入口进入低温气体缓冲罐6，与间接水冷换热器2输出的低温气体汇集在一起，并被输送至水冷却塔3的上部。
由高温水输送管道1输入空分冷能回收系统的另一部分高温水被输送至水冷却塔3的上部，与低温气体缓冲罐6输出的低温气体进行直接换热。气体经过换热之后可以直接排放。高温水经过换热冷却为冷却水，进入水冷却塔3的下部，与间接水冷换热器2输出的冷却水汇集在一起，然后可经过循环冷却水泵7输送至冷却水用户。
在各管道上可以设置阀门，以便控制水、气体和液体的流量，本领域技术人员根据实际需要能够合理确定阀门的种类和数量。
实施例2
如图2所示，空分系统的组成部分：空气压缩系统、预冷系统、分子筛纯化系统、膨胀分馏系统、气体压缩系统、液体储槽系统、充瓶系统，图2中的箭头方向显示了流程进行的方向。根据不同空分系统，其流程略有不同。
其中，原料空压机、氮气压缩机、氧气压缩机采用循环冷却水进行气体冷却，冷却水一般入口温度要求为15℃，换热后水温度约为35～40℃。以6000m3/h的空分系统为例，其主要压缩机所需的冷却循环水量约为1500～2000m3/h。
空分系统的流程如下：
原料空气在空气过滤器中去除灰尘和机械杂质后，进入原料空压机(例如空气透平压缩机)，将空气压缩到～0.6MPa后，进入冷水机组进行空气预冷，温度降到17℃左右，再进入两只相互切换使用的分子筛纯化系统(例如分子筛吸附器)，吸附掉空气中的H2O、CO2、C2H2等杂质。
净化后的加工空气与膨胀后复热的空气混和，经中压空气压缩机压缩后，分成两股：一股经低温膨胀机的增压端增压冷却后，进入主换热器，冷却至～180K后从换热器中部抽出，进入低温膨胀机膨胀，膨胀后气体一部分进入下塔，其余返流入主换热器，复热后出冷箱进入空气增压机。另一股空气经高温膨胀机增压端增压、冷却后，抽取大部分空气进入高温膨胀机膨胀，膨胀后经主换热器复热后回到增压机进口，其余空气在主换热器中冷却，出换热器并节流后进入下塔底部。
空气经下塔初步精馏后，在下塔底部获得富氧液空和下塔顶部获得纯液氮。从下塔抽取液空、污液氮、纯液氮，经液空液氮过冷器过冷后节流进入上塔。经上塔进一步精馏后，在上塔底部获得纯度为99.6％的液氧，过冷后作为产品出冷箱。液氮从下塔顶部一部分经过冷后做为纯度为99.999％的液氮产品抽出，出冷箱，一部分参与上塔精馏，作为上塔回流液。
从上塔中部抽取一定量的氩馏份送入粗氩塔，粗氩塔在结构上分为两段，第二段氩塔底部的回流液经液体泵送入第一段顶部作为回流液，经粗氩塔精馏得到98.5％Ar，2ppm O2的粗氩，经液化器液化后送入精氩塔中部，经精氩塔精馏在精氩塔底部得到(99.999％Ar)的精液氩。
从上塔的顶部获得污氮气，经过冷器、主换热器复热后出冷箱，一部分进入电加热器作为分子筛的再生气体，一部分送入水冷塔，多余部分进行氮气液化。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本发明并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (9)

1.一种冷能回收系统，其特征在于，包括：
间接换热装置，用于使空气分离系统中回收的低温液体与高温水进行间接换热，从而使低温液体转变为低温气体，同时使高温水冷却为冷却水；
排气回收装置，用于收集由间接换热装置输出的低温气体和空气分离系统中产生的低温气体，并且将二者汇集后输送至直接水冷装置；
直接水冷装置，用于使排气回收装置输送的低温气体与高温水进行直接换热，从而使高温水冷却为冷却水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的冷能回收系统，其特征在于，所述间接换热装置的低温液体入口连接分馏塔，用于输入从分馏塔回收的低温液体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的冷能回收系统，其特征在于，所述间接换热装置的低温液体入口连接液体储罐的底部，用于输入从液体储罐回收的低温液体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的冷能回收系统，其特征在于，所述排气回收装置的低温气体入口连接液体储罐的顶部，用于输入从液体储罐回收的低温气体。
5.根据权利要求1所述的冷能回收系统，其特征在于，所述直接水冷装置分为上、下两部分，其中，所述直接水冷装置的上部用于排气回收装置输送的低温气体与高温水进行直接换热，所述直接水冷装置的下部用于汇集冷却水。
6.根据权利要求5所述的冷能回收系统，其特征在于，所述直接水冷装置的下部连接所述间接换热装置的冷却水出口。
7.根据权利要求1所述的冷能回收系统，其特征在于，所述高温水是空气分离系统中采用循环冷却水对压缩机进行冷却而产生的。
8.根据权利要求1所述的冷能回收系统，其特征在于，所述低温液体是液态氧气、液态氮气、液态氩气和液态空气中的一种或多种。
9.一种空气分离系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～8任一项所述的冷能回收系统。
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